WO2022158288A1 - 光検出装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2022158288A1 WO2022158288A1 PCT/JP2022/000112 JP2022000112W WO2022158288A1 WO 2022158288 A1 WO2022158288 A1 WO 2022158288A1 JP 2022000112 W JP2022000112 W JP 2022000112W WO 2022158288 A1 WO2022158288 A1 WO 2022158288A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F30/00—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors
- H10F30/20—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H10F30/21—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H10F30/22—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices having only one potential barrier, e.g. photodiodes
- H10F30/225—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices having only one potential barrier, e.g. photodiodes the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
- H10F39/199—Back-illuminated image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/805—Coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/807—Pixel isolation structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/811—Interconnections
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a photodetector.
- Avalanche photodiodes have a Geiger mode that operates at a bias voltage higher than the breakdown voltage and a linear mode that operates at a slightly higher bias voltage near the breakdown voltage.
- a Geiger mode avalanche photodiode is also called a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD).
- the SPAD detects one photon for each pixel by multiplying carriers generated by photoelectric conversion in a high electric field PN junction region provided for each pixel.
- a deep element isolation portion may be provided in the semiconductor substrate to isolate pixels.
- a stopper film for example, a silicon nitride film
- this stopper film may trap charges during driving of the SPAD and change the driving start voltage of the pixel. there were.
- the present disclosure provides a photodetector capable of suppressing fluctuations in drive start voltage in pixels.
- a photodetector includes a semiconductor substrate having a first surface that is a light incident surface and a second surface that is opposite to the light incident surface; a pixel separation section for separating a first pixel having an avalanche amplification region including a type region and a second conductivity type region from a pixel adjacent to the first pixel; A first insulating film and a second insulating film provided between the first insulating film and the avalanche amplification region are provided, and the second insulating film is thicker than the first insulating film.
- the first insulating film is a silicon nitride film
- the second insulating film is a silicon oxide film.
- the first insulating film is less than 15 nm, and the second insulating film is 40 nm or less.
- the first insulating film is in contact with the end of the pixel separation section on the second surface side.
- the photodetector further includes a third insulating film provided between the first insulating film and the second insulating film and having a higher surface density than the first and second insulating films.
- the third insulating film contains aluminum oxide.
- the first insulating film is provided below the avalanche amplification region.
- the first insulating film is provided only directly below the end of the pixel separation section on the second surface side.
- the photodetector further includes a first contact plug penetrating through the first and second insulating films and electrically connected to one end of the avalanche amplification region.
- the photodetector further includes a charge storage region provided around the avalanche amplification region, and a second contact plug penetrating through the first and second insulating films and electrically connected to one end of the charge storage region. .
- One of the first and second contact plugs functions as a cathode, and the other functions as an anode.
- the photodetector includes a first contact diffusion layer electrically connecting the first contact plug to one end of the avalanche amplification region, and a second contact diffusion layer electrically connecting the second contact plug to one end of the charge storage region. and the first contact diffusion layer is wider than the avalanche amplification region in a plan view seen from a direction substantially perpendicular to the first surface.
- the photodetector includes a first contact diffusion layer electrically connecting the first contact plug to one end of the avalanche amplification region, and a second contact diffusion layer electrically connecting the second contact plug to one end of the charge storage region. and the second contact diffusion layer is wider than the end surface of one end of the charge storage region in a plan view seen from a direction substantially perpendicular to the first surface.
- a photodetector includes a semiconductor substrate having a first surface that is a light incident surface and a second surface that is opposite to the light incident surface; a pixel separation portion separating a first pixel having an avalanche amplification region including a conductivity type region and a second conductivity type region from a pixel adjacent to the first pixel; a contacting silicon oxide film;
- the photodetector further comprises a first contact plug penetrating through the silicon oxide film and electrically connected to one end of the avalanche amplification region.
- the photodetector further includes a charge storage region provided around the avalanche amplification region, and a second contact plug penetrating through the silicon oxide film and electrically connected to one end of the charge storage region.
- One of the first and second contact plugs functions as a cathode, and the other functions as an anode.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a back-illuminated SAPD according to the first embodiment
- 4 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of a pixel
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the fourth embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the fifth embodiment
- FIG. 12 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the fifth embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the sixth embodiment
- FIG. 12 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the sixth embodiment
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the seventh embodiment
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the eighth embodiment
- 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a distance measuring device to which SAPD according to the present technology is applied;
- FIG. 12 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the fifth embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a pixel according to the sixth embodiment
- FIG. 12 is
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a distance measuring device to which SAPD according to the present technology is applied;
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a mobile body control system to which technology according to the present disclosure can be applied;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an installation position of an imaging unit;
- a SPAD can detect a single photon for each pixel by multiplying the carriers generated by photoelectric conversion in a high electric field PN junction region provided for each pixel. Higher effects can be obtained by applying this technology to SPAD among APDs.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a back-illuminated SAPD according to the first embodiment.
- the pixel 1 includes a substrate 10, an element isolation section 70, an on-chip lens 80, insulating films 90, 92 and 94, and contact plugs CNT1 and CNT2.
- the substrate 10 is, for example, a silicon substrate, and has a first surface F1, which is a light incident surface, and a second surface F2 opposite to the first surface F1.
- the substrate 10 has a well diffusion layer 20 introduced from the second surface F2.
- the well diffusion layer 20 may be an N-type semiconductor region or a P-type semiconductor region.
- the well diffusion layer 20 is preferably a low-concentration N ⁇ -type or P ⁇ -type semiconductor region of, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 14 atoms/cm 3 or less. As a result, the well diffusion layer 20 can be easily depleted, and photon detection efficiency (PDE) can be improved.
- PDE photon detection efficiency
- An N-type impurity diffusion layer 40 functioning as a cathode is provided in the well diffusion layer 20 in the surface region of the second surface F2.
- a P + -type impurity diffusion layer 30 is provided adjacent to the diffusion layer 40 in the well diffusion layer 20 .
- the diffusion layer 40 is, for example, an N-type semiconductor region having a higher impurity concentration than the well diffusion layer 20 .
- the diffusion layer 30 is a P + -type semiconductor region having a higher impurity concentration than the well diffusion layer 20 and the diffusion layer 40 .
- the diffusion layer 30 and the diffusion layer 40 form a PN junction at the junction interface.
- the diffusion layers 30 and 40 function as amplification regions for avalanche amplification of carriers generated by incident light to be detected.
- Diffusion layer 40 is preferably depleted to improve PDE.
- the diffusion layers 30 and 40 are also referred to as avalanche amplification regions.
- the diffusion layers 30 and 40 are examples of the first conductivity type region and the second conductivity type region, respectively.
- the diffusion layer 40 is provided with an N + -type contact diffusion layer 50 having a high impurity concentration.
- a contact diffusion layer 50 as a first contact diffusion layer is connected to the diffusion layer 40, and is also connected to a control circuit (CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) circuit) (not shown) via a contact plug CNT1. .
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- a hole accumulation region 60 as a charge accumulation region is provided in the substrate 10 between the well diffusion layer 20 and the element isolation portion 70 . That is, the hole accumulation regions 60 are provided around the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40), and are provided on both sides of the well diffusion layer 20 so as to be spaced apart from the diffusion layers 30, 40. FIG. Furthermore, the hole accumulation region 60 is also provided between the well diffusion layer 20 and the on-chip lens 80 . That is, the hole accumulation region 60 is also provided on the first surface F1 side of the well diffusion layer 20 . The hole accumulation region 60 is provided in a portion where different materials are in contact.
- the element isolation section 70 is an example of a pixel isolation portion that isolates adjacent pixels 1 .
- the hole accumulation region 60 and the element isolation portion 70 By providing the hole accumulation region 60 and the element isolation portion 70, electrical and optical crosstalk between the pixels 1 can be suppressed. Further, by providing the hole accumulation regions 60 on both sides of the well diffusion layer 20, an electric field in the lateral direction (X direction or Y direction) is formed on both sides of the well diffusion layer 20, and charges are collected in the high electric field region. easier to do. This leads to improved PDE. In addition, by using a metal material such as tungsten, which has a high light-shielding property, for the element isolation portion 70, the incident light can be reflected to the well diffusion layer 20 to further improve the PDE, and furthermore, the PDE can be further improved. Crosstalk can be suppressed.
- a metal material such as tungsten, which has a high light-shielding property
- the hole accumulation region 60 can be formed by ion implantation, solid phase diffusion, induction by a fixed charge film, or the like.
- the hole accumulation region 60 By providing the hole accumulation region 60 at the interface between the well diffusion layer 20 and the element isolation portion 70, the hole accumulation region 60 can trap electrons generated at the interface and reduce the dark current component (that is, DCR (Dark Count Rate)) can be suppressed.
- the hole accumulation region 60 accumulates holes and traps electrons.
- accumulation region 60 may accumulate electrons and trap holes.
- the hole accumulation regions 60 may be provided only on both side surfaces of the well diffusion layer 20 when the dark current component is sufficiently small. In this case, the hole accumulation region 60 on the first surface F1 may be omitted. Also, the hole accumulation region 60 can be formed by ion implantation, solid-phase diffusion, induction by a fixed charge film, or the like.
- the element isolation portion 70 is provided so as to surround the well diffusion layer 20 of each pixel 1 and is provided to electrically and optically isolate adjacent pixels 1 from each other.
- the element isolation section 70 is provided in a lattice shape so as to surround the avalanche amplification region of each pixel 1 .
- the element isolation part 70 penetrates from the first surface F1 to the second surface F2 of the substrate 10 in a cross section taken in a direction (Z direction) substantially perpendicular to the first surface F1.
- the element isolation portion 70 is provided between adjacent pixels 1, and the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) correspond to the pixels 1 on a one-to-one basis. Thereby, the element isolation section 70 can electrically and optically isolate each pixel 1 . Note that the element isolation portion 70 may be configured to be inserted halfway into the substrate 10 .
- the on-chip lens 80 is provided on the first surface F ⁇ b>1 of the substrate 10 .
- a transparent resin for example, is used for the on-chip lens 80 .
- light is incident from the first surface (rear surface) F1 opposite to the second surface F2 on which the contact plugs CNT1 to CNT3 and the control circuit are provided.
- Pixel 1 is therefore a back-illuminated SAPD.
- a control circuit (not shown) may be laminated on the second surface (front surface) F2 side of the substrate 10 as a separate substrate. Also, the control circuit may be arranged on the same substrate 10 in a region outside the pixel area of the second surface F2.
- a P + -type contact diffusion layer 65 having a high impurity concentration is provided on the second surface F2 side of the hole accumulation region 60 .
- a contact diffusion layer 65 as a second contact diffusion layer is connected to the hole accumulation region 60 and to the control circuit via the contact plug CNT2.
- the contact diffusion layer 65 functions as an anode.
- Insulating films 90 , 92 , 94 are laminated in this order on the second surface F ⁇ b>2 of the substrate 10 .
- the insulating film 92 as the first insulating film is provided between the insulating film 90 and the insulating film 94, and functions as a stopper when forming the element isolation portion 70 from the first surface F1 side. Therefore, the insulating film 92 is in contact with the element isolation portion 70 at the end of the element isolation portion 70 on the second surface F2 side.
- an insulating film such as silicon nitride film, yttrium oxide (Y2O3), lanthanum oxide ( La2O3 ), aluminum oxide ( Al2O3 ) , hafnium oxide ( HfO2) is used. be done.
- the insulating film 90 as a second insulating film is provided between the insulating film 92 and the diffusion layer 40 . That is, the insulating film 90 is provided between the insulating film 92 and the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40).
- a silicon oxide film, for example, is used for the insulating film 90 .
- the insulating film 94 is provided so as to be in contact with the insulating film 92 .
- the same silicon oxide film as the insulating film 90 is used for the insulating film 94 .
- the film thickness of the insulating film 90 is thicker than the film thickness of the insulating film 92 .
- the insulating film 92 is provided as an etching stopper when forming the element isolation portion 70 .
- the substrate 10 is etched from the first surface F1 to the second surface F2, and the insulating film 90 is also etched.
- the insulating film 90 is, for example, a silicon oxide film and the insulating film 92 is a silicon nitride film
- the etching can be stopped at the silicon nitride film depending on the selectivity.
- the insulating film 92 functions as an etching stopper when forming the isolation portion 70 . Therefore, the insulating film 92 is formed to have a thickness (for example, 40 nm) that can function as an etching stopper.
- the element isolation section 70 may be provided from the first surface F1 to the second surface F2 of the substrate 10 in order to electrically and optically isolate the pixels 1 . Therefore, the insulating film 92 may be provided in the vicinity of the second surface F2, and the film thickness of the insulating film 90 is preferably thin in order to shorten the etching process.
- the insulating film 90 is thin, the charges generated in the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) and the well diffusion layer 20 are trapped in the insulating film 92 through the insulating film 90. In this case, the insulating film 92 is charged up to apply an electric field to the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40).
- the driving start voltage (threshold voltage) of the pixel 1 fluctuates. In this case, even if a predetermined drive voltage is applied to the contact plugs CNT1 and CNT2, the pixel 1 will not operate as expected.
- the insulating film 90 is thicker than the insulating film 92 .
- a thick insulating film (eg, silicon oxide film) 90 is interposed between the avalanche amplifying regions (30, 40) and an insulating film (eg, silicon nitride film) 92, and the avalanche amplifying regions (30, 40) are to the insulating film 92 can be increased.
- the film thickness of the insulating film 90 is, for example, 15 nm or more, preferably 30 nm or more.
- the film thickness of the insulating film 92 is, for example, 40 nm or less.
- the contact plug CNT1 penetrates the insulating films 90, 92, 94 and is electrically connected to the contact diffusion layer 50 as one end (cathode) of the avalanche amplification region.
- the contact plug CNT2 passes through the insulating films 90, 92, 94 and is connected to the contact diffusion layer 65 as an anode, and is electrically connected to one end of the hole accumulation region 60 via the contact diffusion layer 65.
- a depletion layer can be spread from the diffusion layer 40 to the well diffusion layer 20 by applying a voltage to the contact plugs CNT1 and CNT2.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of the pixel 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 shows a plane along line BB of FIG. Pixel 1 has a substantially square or substantially rectangular shape when viewed from above in the Z direction. The periphery of the pixel 1 is surrounded by the element isolation portion 70 .
- a hole accumulation region 60 , a well diffusion layer 20 , a diffusion layer 40 , and a diffusion layer 30 are arranged in that order inside the element isolation portion 70 .
- the contact plug CNT1 is connected to the center of the diffusion layer 40 together with the contact diffusion layer 50 (not shown in FIG. 2).
- the contact plug CNT2 is provided along the hole accumulation region 60 along the entire inner periphery of the element isolation portion 70 .
- pixel 1 has a square shape as an example. In this case, a large area can be secured for the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40). This can improve the PDE.
- pixel 1 may be circular, elliptical, or other polygonal.
- avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) are circular, electric field concentration at the ends of the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) can be suppressed, and unintended edge breakdown can be suppressed.
- the pixel 1 according to the first embodiment has the insulating film 90 thicker than the insulating film 92 . This makes it difficult for charges generated in the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) and well diffusion layer 20 to reach insulating film 92 and to be trapped in insulating film 92. FIG. In addition, the influence of the charge of the insulating film 92 is less likely to reach the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40). As a result, fluctuations in the drive start voltage (threshold voltage) in the pixel 1 can be suppressed.
- the insulating film 92 covers the entire surface of the pixel 1 on the second surface F2 side, except for areas through which the contact plugs CNT1 and CNT2 pass.
- the insulating film 92 is a silicon nitride film, the insulating film 92 can suppress hydrogen from entering the pixel 1 from the outside. As a result, deterioration of the pixel 1 due to hydrogen can be suppressed.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the pixel 1 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of the pixel 1 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows a plane along line CC of FIG. Incidentally, the cross section along line BB in FIG. 4 may be the same as in FIG.
- the insulating film 92 is provided directly below the end of the element isolation section 70 on the second surface F2 side, and also provided below the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40). ing.
- the insulating film 92 is not provided over the entire surface of the pixel 1 .
- the insulating film 92 is not provided around the contact plug CNT2, that is, below the end (contact diffusion layer 65) of the hole accumulation region 60 on the second surface F2 (guard ring region). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the insulating film 92 is partially provided and not provided over the entire pixel 1 .
- Other configurations of the second embodiment may be the same as corresponding configurations of the first embodiment.
- the insulating film 92 is partially omitted, the charges generated in the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) and the well diffusion layer 20 are more difficult to be trapped in the insulating film 92. Accordingly, it becomes difficult for the influence of the charge of the insulating film 92 to reach the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40). As a result, fluctuations in the driving start voltage (threshold voltage) of the pixel 1 can be further suppressed.
- the insulating film 92 is provided directly under the end of the element isolation portion 70 on the second surface F2 side, it can function as an etching stopper in the process of forming the element isolation portion 70 .
- the insulating film 92 is also provided below the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40). Therefore, the insulating film 92 can suppress entry of hydrogen into the pixel 1 from the outside to some extent.
- the formation region of the insulating film 92 may be determined in consideration of fluctuations in the driving start voltage of the pixels 1 and deterioration of the pixels 1 due to hydrogen.
- the second embodiment can also obtain other effects of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the pixel 1 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of the pixel 1 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows a plane along line CC of FIG.
- the cross section along line BB in FIG. 5 may be the same as in FIG.
- the insulating film 92 is provided only directly below the end of the element isolation section 70 on the second surface F2 side. On the other hand, the insulating film 92 is not provided over the entire surface of the pixel 1 .
- the insulating film 92 is provided around the contact plugs CNT1 and CNT2, that is, below the end of the hole accumulation region 60 (contact diffusion layer 65) and the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) on the second surface F2. do not have. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the insulating film 92 is partially provided and not provided over the entire pixel 1 .
- Other configurations of the third embodiment may be the same as corresponding configurations of the first embodiment.
- the charges generated in the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) and the well diffusion layer 20 are further transferred to the insulating film 92. Less likely to be trapped. Accordingly, it becomes difficult for the influence of the charge of the insulating film 92 to reach the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40). As a result, fluctuations in the driving start voltage (threshold voltage) of the pixel 1 can be further suppressed.
- the insulating film 92 is provided directly under the end of the element isolation portion 70 on the second surface F2 side, it can function as an etching stopper in the process of forming the element isolation portion 70 .
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the pixel 1 according to the fourth embodiment. Incidentally, the cross section along line BB in FIG. 7 may be the same as in FIG.
- the insulating film 96 is provided between the insulating films 92 and 90 .
- the bandgap of the silicon oxide film is about 8.8 eV
- the bandgap of the silicon nitride film is about 8.8 eV. Since it is 5.1 eV, a large energy gap is formed at the interface between insulating film 90 and insulating film 92 . In this case, charges (for example, electrons) from the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) are likely to be accumulated in the insulating film 92 of the silicon nitride film.
- an insulating film 96 that is less likely to be charged up is provided.
- a material having a bandgap closer to that of the silicon oxide film than that of the insulating film 90 may be used for the insulating film 96 as the third insulating film.
- the insulating film 96 is preferably an oxide film having a higher surface density than the insulating film 92 . If the insulating film 90 is a silicon oxide film and the insulating film 92 is a silicon nitride film, it is preferable that the insulating film 96 is made of an insulating film such as aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
- the insulating film 96 can pin the fixed charge (positive charge) and suppress the influence of the charge (negative charge) accumulated in the insulating film 92 .
- the insulating film 96 may function as an etching stopper in the process of forming the isolation portion 70 .
- the insulating film 96 is provided together with the insulating film 92 .
- the insulating film 96 may be provided instead of the insulating film 92 .
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the pixel 1 according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of the pixel 1 according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 9 shows a plane along line BB of FIG.
- the contact diffusion layer 65 protrudes in the X direction and/or the Y direction from the end of the hole accumulation region 60 on the second surface F2 side toward the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40). . That is, in plan view in the Z direction, the contact diffusion layer 65 is wider than one end surface of the hole accumulation region 60 on the second surface F2 side. 9, the contact diffusion layer 65 protrudes from the hole accumulation region 60 toward the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40), that is, toward the center of the pixel 1. As shown in FIG. As a result, the area of the second surface F2 covered with the anode (contact diffusion layer 65) is increased, and the effect of surface pinning can be increased. As a result, the influence of charges accumulated in the insulating film 92 on the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) can be alleviated.
- the fifth embodiment may be combined with any of the second to fourth embodiments.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the pixel 1 according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of the pixel 1 according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 shows a plane along line BB of FIG.
- the contact diffusion layer 50 protrudes in the X direction and/or the Y direction from the avalanche amplification region (30, 40) on the second surface F2 side toward the hole accumulation region 60 or the contact diffusion layer 65. ing. That is, in plan view in the Z direction, the contact diffusion layer 50 is wider than the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) on the second surface F2 side. 11, the contact diffusion layer 50 extends from the avalanche amplification region (30, 40) toward the hole accumulation region 60, i.e., toward the outer edge of the pixel 1, from the avalanche amplification region (30, 40).
- the sixth embodiment may be combined with any of the second to fourth embodiments.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the pixel 1 according to the seventh embodiment.
- the contact diffusion layer 65 of the hole accumulation region 60 is buried in the substrate 10 as a buried contact.
- the contact diffusion layer 65 is connected to a control circuit of another chip through a contact plug (not shown).
- the element isolation portion 70 is formed from the second surface F2 side after the insulating films 90, 92, and 94 are formed. Therefore, the element isolation portion 70 is provided from the bottom surface of the insulating film 94 to the first surface F1.
- the insulating film 90 is thicker than the insulating film 92 . This makes it difficult for charges generated in the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) and well diffusion layer 20 to reach insulating film 92 and to be trapped in insulating film 92. FIG. Also, even if electric charges are trapped in the insulating film 92, the electric field caused by the trapping does not easily reach the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40). As a result, fluctuations in the drive start voltage (threshold voltage) in the pixel 1 can be suppressed.
- the SPAD according to the seventh embodiment may be combined with any of the second through sixth embodiments.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the pixel 1 according to the eighth embodiment.
- the SPAD according to the eighth embodiment is not provided with the insulating film 92 .
- the insulating film 90 is in contact with the end portion of the element isolation portion 70 on the second surface F2 side.
- the insulating films 90 and 94 are made of the same material (for example, silicon oxide film). Therefore, the insulating films 90 and 94 are displayed as the same insulating film 90.
- etching of the substrate 10 is controlled by time in the process of forming the element isolation section 70 .
- a silicon oxide film for example, is used for the insulating film 90. Therefore, although the insulating film 90 is etched to some extent in the process of forming the element isolation portion 70, there is no problem.
- Other configurations of the eighth embodiment may be the same as corresponding configurations of the first embodiment.
- the insulating film 92 for example, silicon nitride film
- the insulating film 92 that traps charges is not provided, fluctuations in the drive start voltage of the avalanche amplification regions (30, 40) can be suppressed.
- a pixel 1 according to the present disclosure can be applied to a device for measuring distance.
- SAPD an example of application of SAPD will be described, taking as an example the case where pixel 1 is applied to a distance measuring device that measures a distance.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the configuration of one embodiment of a distance measuring device to which the SAPD 21 according to the present technology is applied.
- a distance measuring device 1000 shown in FIG. 14 includes an optical pulse transmitter 1021 , an optical pulse receiver 1022 and an RS flip-flop 1023 .
- the case of using the TOF (Time Of Flight) method will be described as an example.
- the APD 21 described above can be used as the TOF sensor.
- a TOF sensor is a sensor that measures the distance to an object by measuring the time it takes for the light it emits to hit the object, reflect, and return.
- the TOF sensor operates at the timings shown in FIG. 15, for example.
- the optical pulse transmitter 1021 emits light (optical transmission pulse) based on the supplied trigger pulse.
- the light pulse receiver 1022 receives the light that is reflected when the emitted light hits the object.
- the APD 21 described above can be used as the optical pulse receiver 1022 .
- the difference between the time when the transmitted light pulse is emitted and the time when the received light pulse is received corresponds to the time corresponding to the distance to the object, that is, the time of flight TOF.
- the trigger pulse is supplied to the optical pulse transmitter 1021 and also to the flip-flop 1023 .
- the trigger pulse is supplied to the optical pulse transmitter 1021 and also to the flip-flop 1023 .
- a short-time optical pulse is transmitted, and by supplying it to the flip-flop 1023, the flip-flop 1023 is reset.
- the APD 21 When the APD 21 is used as the optical pulse receiver 1022, photons are generated when the APD 21 receives a received optical pulse. The generated photon (electrical pulse) resets the flip-flop 1023 .
- the TOF can be calculated (output as a digital signal) by counting the generated gate signal using a clock signal or the like.
- distance information is generated by the above-described processing.
- the APD 21 described above can be used for such a distance measuring device 1000 .
- the technology (the present technology) according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products.
- the technology according to the present disclosure is implemented as a device mounted on any type of moving object such as automobiles, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, personal mobility, airplanes, drones, ships, and robots. may
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a mobile control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- a vehicle control system 12000 includes a plurality of electronic control units connected via a communication network 12001.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a driving system control unit 12010, a body system control unit 12020, an exterior information detection unit 12030, an interior information detection unit 12040, and an integrated control unit 12050.
- a microcomputer 12051, an audio/image output unit 12052, and an in-vehicle network I/F (Interface) 12053 are illustrated.
- the drive system control unit 12010 controls the operation of devices related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs.
- the driving system control unit 12010 includes a driving force generator for generating driving force of the vehicle such as an internal combustion engine or a driving motor, a driving force transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force to the wheels, and a steering angle of the vehicle. It functions as a control device such as a steering mechanism to adjust and a brake device to generate braking force of the vehicle.
- the body system control unit 12020 controls the operation of various devices equipped on the vehicle body according to various programs.
- the body system control unit 12020 functions as a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or a control device for various lamps such as headlamps, back lamps, brake lamps, winkers or fog lamps.
- body system control unit 12020 can receive radio waves transmitted from a portable device that substitutes for a key or signals from various switches.
- Body system control unit 12020 receives the input of these radio waves or signals and controls the door lock device, power window device, lamps, etc. of the vehicle.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 detects information outside the vehicle in which the vehicle control system 12000 is installed.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 is connected with an imaging unit 12031 .
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 causes the imaging unit 12031 to capture an image of the exterior of the vehicle, and receives the captured image.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 may perform object detection processing or distance detection processing such as people, vehicles, obstacles, signs, or characters on the road surface based on the received image.
- the imaging unit 12031 is an optical sensor that receives light and outputs an electrical signal according to the amount of received light.
- the imaging unit 12031 can output the electric signal as an image, and can also output it as distance measurement information.
- the light received by the imaging unit 12031 may be visible light or non-visible light such as infrared rays.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects in-vehicle information.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 is connected to, for example, a driver state detection section 12041 that detects the state of the driver.
- the driver state detection unit 12041 includes, for example, a camera that captures an image of the driver, and the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects the degree of fatigue or concentration of the driver based on the detection information input from the driver state detection unit 12041. It may be calculated, or it may be determined whether the driver is dozing off.
- the microcomputer 12051 calculates control target values for the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, or the braking device based on information on the inside and outside of the vehicle acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, and controls the drive system control unit.
- a control command can be output to 12010 .
- the microcomputer 12051 realizes the functions of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle lane deviation warning. Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle lane deviation warning. Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, or
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, the braking device, etc. based on the information about the vehicle surroundings acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, so that the driver's Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of autonomous driving, etc., in which vehicles autonomously travel without depending on operation.
- the microcomputer 12051 can output a control command to the body system control unit 12030 based on the information outside the vehicle acquired by the information detection unit 12030 outside the vehicle.
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the headlamps according to the position of the preceding vehicle or the oncoming vehicle detected by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030, and performs coordinated control aimed at anti-glare such as switching from high beam to low beam. It can be carried out.
- the audio/image output unit 12052 transmits at least one of audio and/or image output signals to an output device capable of visually or audibly notifying the passengers of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle.
- an audio speaker 12061, a display section 12062, and an instrument panel 12063 are illustrated as output devices.
- the display unit 12062 may include at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display, for example.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the installation position of the imaging unit 12031.
- the imaging unit 12031 has imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105.
- the imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105 are provided at positions such as the front nose, side mirrors, rear bumper, back door, and windshield of the vehicle 12100, for example.
- An imaging unit 12101 provided in the front nose and an imaging unit 12105 provided above the windshield inside the vehicle mainly acquire images of the front of the vehicle 12100 .
- Imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors mainly acquire side images of the vehicle 12100 .
- An imaging unit 12104 provided in the rear bumper or back door mainly acquires an image behind the vehicle 12100 .
- the imaging unit 12105 provided above the windshield in the passenger compartment is mainly used to detect preceding vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, traffic lights, traffic signs, lanes, and the like.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of the imaging range of the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- the imaging range 12111 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12101 provided in the front nose
- the imaging ranges 12112 and 12113 indicate the imaging ranges of the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors, respectively
- the imaging range 12114 The imaging range of an imaging unit 12104 provided on the rear bumper or back door is shown. For example, by superimposing the image data captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104, a bird's-eye view image of the vehicle 12100 viewed from above can be obtained.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may have a function of acquiring distance information.
- at least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be a stereo camera composed of a plurality of imaging elements, or may be an imaging element having pixels for phase difference detection.
- the microcomputer 12051 determines the distance to each three-dimensional object within the imaging ranges 12111 to 12114 and changes in this distance over time (relative velocity with respect to the vehicle 12100). , it is possible to extract, as the preceding vehicle, the closest three-dimensional object on the traveling path of the vehicle 12100, which runs at a predetermined speed (for example, 0 km/h or more) in substantially the same direction as the vehicle 12100. can. Furthermore, the microcomputer 12051 can set the inter-vehicle distance to be secured in advance in front of the preceding vehicle, and can perform automatic braking control (including following stop control) and automatic acceleration control (including following start control). In this way, cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of automatic driving in which the vehicle autonomously travels without depending on the operation of the driver.
- automatic braking control including following stop control
- automatic acceleration control including following start control
- the microcomputer 12051 converts three-dimensional object data related to three-dimensional objects to other three-dimensional objects such as motorcycles, ordinary vehicles, large vehicles, pedestrians, and utility poles. It can be classified and extracted and used for automatic avoidance of obstacles. For example, the microcomputer 12051 distinguishes obstacles around the vehicle 12100 into those that are visible to the driver of the vehicle 12100 and those that are difficult to see. Then, the microcomputer 12051 judges the collision risk indicating the degree of danger of collision with each obstacle, and when the collision risk is equal to or higher than the set value and there is a possibility of collision, the obstacle is detected through the audio speaker 12061 and the display unit 12062. By outputting an alarm to the driver via the drive system control unit 12010 and performing forced deceleration and avoidance steering via the drive system control unit 12010, driving support for collision avoidance can be performed.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays.
- the microcomputer 12051 can recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not the pedestrian exists in the captured images of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 .
- recognition of a pedestrian is performed by, for example, a procedure for extracting feature points in images captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104 as infrared cameras, and performing pattern matching processing on a series of feature points indicating the outline of an object to determine whether or not the pedestrian is a pedestrian.
- the audio image output unit 12052 outputs a rectangular outline for emphasis to the recognized pedestrian. is superimposed on the display unit 12062 . Also, the audio/image output unit 12052 may control the display unit 12062 to display an icon or the like indicating a pedestrian at a desired position.
- this technique can take the following structures. (1) a semiconductor substrate having a first surface that is a light incident surface and a second surface that is opposite to the light incident surface; a first pixel in the semiconductor substrate having an avalanche amplification region including a first conductivity type region and a second conductivity type region; a pixel separation unit that separates the first pixel from an adjacent pixel; a first insulating film provided on the second surface side and in contact with the pixel separation section; a second insulating film provided between the first insulating film and the avalanche amplification region; The photodetector, wherein the film thickness of the second insulating film is thicker than the film thickness of the first insulating film.
- the first insulating film is a silicon nitride film
- the first insulating film is less than 15 nm;
- (10) a charge accumulation region provided around the avalanche amplification region;
- (11) The photodetector according to (10), wherein one of the first and second contact plugs functions as a cathode and the other functions as an anode.
- a semiconductor substrate having a first surface that is a light incident surface and a second surface that is opposite to the light incident surface; a first pixel in the semiconductor substrate having an avalanche amplification region including a first conductivity type region and a second conductivity type region; a pixel separation unit that separates the first pixel from an adjacent pixel; and a silicon oxide film in contact with an end portion of the pixel separation portion on the second surface side.
- the photodetector according to (14) further comprising a first contact plug electrically connected to one end of the avalanche amplification region through the silicon oxide film.
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- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
第3絶縁膜は、酸化アルミニウムを含む。
図1は、第1実施形態による裏面照射型SAPDの構成例を示す断面図である。画素1は、基板10と、素子分離部70と、オンチップレンズ80と、絶縁膜90、92、94と、コンタクトプラグCNT1、CNT2とを備えている。
図3は、第2実施形態による画素1の構成例を示す断面図である。図4は、第2実施形態による画素1の構成例を示す概略平面図である。図4は、図3のC-C線に沿った平面を示している。尚、図4のB-B線に沿った断面は、図2と同じでよい。
図5は、第3実施形態による画素1の構成例を示す断面図である。図6は、第3実施形態による画素1の構成例を示す概略平面図である。図6は、図5のC-C線に沿った平面を示している。尚、図5のB-B線に沿った断面は、図2と同じでよい。
図7は、第4実施形態による画素1の構成例を示す断面図である。尚、図7のB-B線に沿った断面は、図2と同じでよい。
図8は、第5実施形態による画素1の構成例を示す断面図である。図9は、第5実施形態による画素1の構成例を示す概略平面図である。図9は、図8のB-B線に沿った平面を示している。
図10は、第6実施形態による画素1の構成例を示す断面図である。図11は、第6実施形態による画素1の構成例を示す概略平面図である。図11は、図10のB-B線に沿った平面を示している。
図12は、第7実施形態による画素1の構成例を示す断面図である。第7実施形態によるSPADによれば、ホール蓄積領域60のコンタクト拡散層65は、埋込みコンタクトとして基板10内に埋め込まれている。コンタクト拡散層65は、図示されないコンタクトプラグを介して他のチップの制御回路に接続されている。また、素子分離部70は、絶縁膜90、92、94の形成後、第2面F2側から形成される。このため、素子分離部70は、絶縁膜94の底面から第1面F1まで設けられている。
図13は、第8実施形態による画素1の構成例を示す断面図である。第8実施形態によるSPADは、絶縁膜92が設けられていない。この場合、素子分離部70の第2面F2側の端部には、絶縁膜90が接触している。尚、絶縁膜90、94は、同一材料(例えば、シリコン酸化膜)で構成されている。従って、絶縁膜90、94は、同一の絶縁膜90として表示する。
本開示による画素1は、距離を測定する装置に適用できる。ここでは、距離を測定する測距装置に、画素1を適用した場合を例として、SAPDの適用例の一例を説明する。
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、様々な製品へ応用することができる。例えば、本開示に係る技術は、自動車、電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、自動二輪車、自転車、パーソナルモビリティ、飛行機、ドローン、船舶、ロボット等のいずれかの種類の移動体に搭載される装置として実現されてもよい。
(1)
光入射面である第1面と、前記光入射面とは反対側にある第2面とを有する半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板内にあって、第1導電型領域と第2導電型領域とを含むアバランシェ増幅領域を有する第1画素と、
前記第1画素と隣接する画素とを分離する画素分離部と、
前記第2面側に設けられ、前記画素分離部と接する第1絶縁膜と、
前記第1絶縁膜と前記アバランシェ増幅領域との間に設けられた第2絶縁膜と、を備え、
前記第2絶縁膜の膜厚は前記第1絶縁膜の膜厚よりも厚い、光検出装置。
(2)
前記第1絶縁膜は、シリコン窒化膜であり、
前記第2絶縁膜は、シリコン酸化膜である、(1)に記載の光検出装置。
(3)
前記第1絶縁膜は、15nm未満であり、
前記第2絶縁膜は、40nm以下である、(1)または(2)に記載の光検出装置。
(4)
前記第1絶縁膜は、前記画素分離部の前記第2面側の端部に接する、(1)から(3)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出装置。
(5)
前記第1絶縁膜と前記第2絶縁膜との間に設けられ、前記第1および第2絶縁膜に比べて、面密度が高い第3絶縁膜をさらに備える、(1)から(4)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出装置。
(6)
前記第3絶縁膜は、酸化アルミニウムを含む(5)に記載の光検出装置。
(7)
前記第1絶縁膜は、前記アバランシェ増幅領域の下方に設けられている、(1)から(6)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出装置。
(8)
前記第1絶縁膜は、前記画素分離部の前記第2面側の端部の直下のみに設けられている、(1)から(7)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出装置。
(9)
前記第1および第2絶縁膜を貫通して前記アバランシェ増幅領域の一端に電気的に接続された第1コンタクトプラグをさらに備えた、(1)から(8)のいずれか一項に記載の光検出装置。
(10)
前記アバランシェ増幅領域の周囲に設けられた電荷蓄積領域と、
前記第1および第2絶縁膜を貫通して前記電荷蓄積領域の一端に電気的に接続された第2コンタクトプラグとをさらに備えた、(9)に記載の光検出装置。
(11)
前記第1および第2コンタクトプラグの一方がカソードとして機能し、他方がアノードとして機能する、(10)に記載の光検出装置。
(12)
前記第1コンタクトプラグを前記アバランシェ増幅領域の一端に電気的に接続する第1コンタクト拡散層と、
前記第2コンタクトプラグを前記電荷蓄積領域の一端に電気的に接続する第2コンタクト拡散層とをさらに備え、
前記第1面に対して略垂直方向から見た平面視において、前記第1コンタクト拡散層は、前記アバランシェ増幅領域よりも広い、(10)または(11)に記載の光検出装置。(13)
前記第1コンタクトプラグを前記アバランシェ増幅領域の一端に電気的に接続する第1コンタクト拡散層と、
前記第2コンタクトプラグを前記電荷蓄積領域の一端に電気的に接続する第2コンタクト拡散層とをさらに備え、
前記第1面に対して略垂直方向から見た平面視において、前記第2コンタクト拡散層は、前記電荷蓄積領域の一端の端面よりも広い、(10)または(11)に記載の光検出装置。
(14)
光入射面である第1面と、前記光入射面とは反対側にある第2面とを有する半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板内にあって、第1導電型領域と第2導電型領域とを含むアバランシェ増幅領域を有する第1画素と、
前記第1画素と隣接する画素とを分離する画素分離部と、
前記画素分離部の前記第2面側の端部に接するシリコン酸化膜と、を備えた光検出装置。
(15)
前記シリコン酸化膜を貫通して前記アバランシェ増幅領域の一端に電気的に接続された第1コンタクトプラグをさらに備えた、(14)に記載の光検出装置。
(16)
前記アバランシェ増幅領域の周囲に設けられた電荷蓄積領域と、
前記シリコン酸化膜を貫通して前記電荷蓄積領域の一端に電気的に接続された第2コンタクトプラグとをさらに備えた、(15)に記載の光検出装置。
(17)
前記第1および第2コンタクトプラグの一方がカソードとして機能し、他方がアノードとして機能する、(16)に記載の光検出装置。
Claims (17)
- 光入射面である第1面と、前記光入射面とは反対側にある第2面とを有する半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板内にあって、第1導電型領域と第2導電型領域とを含むアバランシェ増幅領域を有する第1画素と、
前記第1画素と隣接する画素とを分離する画素分離部と、
前記第2面側に設けられ、前記画素分離部と接する第1絶縁膜と、
前記第1絶縁膜と前記アバランシェ増幅領域との間に設けられた第2絶縁膜と、を備え、
前記第2絶縁膜の膜厚は前記第1絶縁膜の膜厚よりも厚い、光検出装置。 - 前記第1絶縁膜は、シリコン窒化膜であり、
前記第2絶縁膜は、シリコン酸化膜である、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1絶縁膜は、15nm未満であり、
前記第2絶縁膜は、40nm以下である、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1絶縁膜は、前記画素分離部の前記第2面側の端部に接する、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記第1絶縁膜と前記第2絶縁膜との間に設けられ、前記第1および第2絶縁膜に比べて、面密度が高い第3絶縁膜をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記第3絶縁膜は、酸化アルミニウムを含む請求項5に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記第1絶縁膜は、前記アバランシェ増幅領域の下方に設けられている、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記第1絶縁膜は、前記画素分離部の前記第2面側の端部の直下のみに設けられている、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記第1および第2絶縁膜を貫通して前記アバランシェ増幅領域の一端に電気的に接続された第1コンタクトプラグをさらに備えた、請求項1に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記アバランシェ増幅領域の周囲に設けられた電荷蓄積領域と、
前記第1および第2絶縁膜を貫通して前記電荷蓄積領域の一端に電気的に接続された第2コンタクトプラグとをさらに備えた、請求項9に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1および第2コンタクトプラグの一方がカソードとして機能し、他方がアノードとして機能する、請求項10に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記第1コンタクトプラグを前記アバランシェ増幅領域の一端に電気的に接続する第1コンタクト拡散層と、
前記第2コンタクトプラグを前記電荷蓄積領域の一端に電気的に接続する第2コンタクト拡散層とをさらに備え、
前記第1面に対して略垂直方向から見た平面視において、前記第1コンタクト拡散層は、前記アバランシェ増幅領域よりも広い、請求項10に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1コンタクトプラグを前記アバランシェ増幅領域の一端に電気的に接続する第1コンタクト拡散層と、
前記第2コンタクトプラグを前記電荷蓄積領域の一端に電気的に接続する第2コンタクト拡散層とをさらに備え、
前記第1面に対して略垂直方向から見た平面視において、前記第2コンタクト拡散層は、前記電荷蓄積領域の一端の端面よりも広い、請求項10に記載の光検出装置。 - 光入射面である第1面と、前記光入射面とは反対側にある第2面とを有する半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板内にあって、第1導電型領域と第2導電型領域とを含むアバランシェ増幅領域を有する第1画素と、
前記第1画素と隣接する画素とを分離する画素分離部と、
前記画素分離部の前記第2面側の端部に接するシリコン酸化膜と、を備えた光検出装置。 - 前記シリコン酸化膜を貫通して前記アバランシェ増幅領域の一端に電気的に接続された第1コンタクトプラグをさらに備えた、請求項14に記載の光検出装置。
- 前記アバランシェ増幅領域の周囲に設けられた電荷蓄積領域と、
前記シリコン酸化膜を貫通して前記電荷蓄積領域の一端に電気的に接続された第2コンタクトプラグとをさらに備えた、請求項15に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1および第2コンタクトプラグの一方がカソードとして機能し、他方がアノードとして機能する、請求項16に記載の光検出装置。
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| WO2025197027A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-21 | 2025-09-25 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 光検出素子および距離センサ |
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| JP7512241B2 (ja) * | 2021-09-22 | 2024-07-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光電変換装置 |
| JP7467401B2 (ja) * | 2021-09-22 | 2024-04-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光電変換装置 |
| CN120660460A (zh) * | 2023-03-22 | 2025-09-16 | 索尼半导体解决方案公司 | 光检测装置及其制造方法 |
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| JP2019033136A (ja) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-28 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像素子 |
| US10204950B1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-02-12 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. | SPAD image sensor and associated fabricating method |
| WO2020184213A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-11 | 2020-09-17 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 光検出器 |
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| WO2025197027A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-21 | 2025-09-25 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 光検出素子および距離センサ |
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