WO2022156700A1 - 电芯、电池总成和汽车 - Google Patents

电芯、电池总成和汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022156700A1
WO2022156700A1 PCT/CN2022/072700 CN2022072700W WO2022156700A1 WO 2022156700 A1 WO2022156700 A1 WO 2022156700A1 CN 2022072700 W CN2022072700 W CN 2022072700W WO 2022156700 A1 WO2022156700 A1 WO 2022156700A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
battery
top plate
edges
battery cell
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PCT/CN2022/072700
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卢军
乔延涛
姜云峰
刘鹏
孙焕丽
宋博涵
孙士杰
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中国第一汽车股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 filed Critical 中国第一汽车股份有限公司
Publication of WO2022156700A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022156700A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of power batteries, such as a battery cell, a battery assembly and an automobile.
  • New energy vehicles have the advantages of high energy efficiency, zero emissions, no pollution, high specific energy, low noise, and high reliability.
  • the power battery system ensures the functions of vehicle driving, braking energy recovery, and energy regulation of the hybrid engine system.
  • the core component of the battery assembly the importance of battery cells is self-evident.
  • the current cylindrical and square cells have two major problems: first, the cells cannot be fixed in position, and must be assembled into a specific battery module integrated battery assembly; second, the heat dissipation area is small, and the heat transfer between the cells and the cells Poor efficiency can easily lead to poor temperature consistency between cells.
  • the present application provides a battery cell to avoid the situation where the position limit cannot be fixed between the battery cells.
  • the present application provides a battery assembly to avoid the situation that the battery cells cannot be fixed and limited and the heat dissipation area is small.
  • the present application provides an automobile, so as to avoid the situation that the battery cells cannot be fixed and limited and the heat dissipation area is small.
  • a battery cell comprising:
  • the top plate of the battery core is arranged as a flat plate structure with multiple edges;
  • a bottom plate of the cell having the same shape as the top plate of the cell, and the projection of the bottom plate of the cell in the Z-axis direction coincides with the top plate of the cell;
  • the side wall of the cell is arranged between the top plate of the cell and the bottom plate of the cell along the Z-axis direction, wherein:
  • At least one of the first side surfaces of the side walls of the battery cell is provided with a protruding portion, and at least one second side surface is provided with a concave portion, so that the protruding portion and the The recessed parts are snap-fitted to each other.
  • the present application also provides a battery assembly, including the above-mentioned battery cells, wherein two adjacent battery cells are clamped to each other through a protruding portion and a recessed portion.
  • the present application also provides an automobile including the above-mentioned battery assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application from another perspective;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery assembly according to the embodiment of the present application from another perspective.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • a first feature "on” or “under” a second feature may include the first and second features in direct contact, or may include the first and second features Not directly but through additional features between them.
  • the first feature being “above”, “over” and “above” the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature is “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application from another perspective.
  • the core has a cell top plate 1, a cell bottom plate 2 and a cell side wall 3.
  • the cell top plate 1 is set as a flat plate structure with a plurality of edges 11.
  • the cell bottom plate 2 and the cell top plate 1 have the same shape, and the cell top plate has the same shape.
  • the two projections overlap, and the cell side wall 3 is vertical between the cell top plate 1 and the cell bottom plate 2 in the vertical direction.
  • the core top plate 1 , the battery core bottom plate 2 and the battery core side wall 3 are sealed and connected to form a cavity, and the battery material is arranged in the cavity.
  • the length of the cell sidewall 3 along the Z-axis direction (the height of the cell) is much greater than the length of the edge 11 , for example, the length of the cell sidewall 3 along the Z-axis direction and the length of the edge 11
  • the ratio is 10:1.
  • the length of the cell side wall 3 along the Z-axis direction is 300 mm, and the length of the edge 11 is 30 mm.
  • At least one side of the side wall 3 of the cell is provided with a protruding portion 31 , and at least the other side is provided with a concave portion 32 , so that different cells are connected to each other through the protruding portion 31 and the concave portion 32 .
  • the cell top plate 1 is provided with six edges 11 , each edge 11 has the same length, and the included angle between two adjacent edges 11 is 120°.
  • the cells are arranged in a hexagonal-like structure, or a honeycomb structure, and different cells are combined into different shapes.
  • the battery cell can be in contact with other battery cells through the six circumferential surfaces, and the heat exchange area is large, which can quickly conduct heat and realize the temperature consistency of the battery. At the same time, the battery cell can be more easily fixed and assembled through the protruding portion 31 and the recessed portion 32, thus saving the fixing structure and reducing the installation time.
  • the cell top plate 1 can also be set in a quadrilateral, octagonal shape, etc.
  • the cell top plate 1 is a rectangle, that is, if the cell is a cuboid, the cells can only be connected from four directions: front, back, left, and right. After splicing, the combined shape is not as diverse as the hexagonal structure after splicing.
  • a protrusion 111 is provided in the middle of the three consecutively connected edges 11, and the top end of the protrusion 31 is the protrusion 111.
  • the protrusion 111 extends downward along the Z-axis direction to the bottom plate 2 of the battery cell to form a protrusion 31.
  • the protrusions 111 and the grooves 112 are both arranged in circular arc structures, and the radiuses of the circular arc structures are the same.
  • the top plate 1 of the battery cell is provided with a positive pole 12 , a negative pole 13 , an explosion-proof valve 14 and a glue-conducting hole 15 , wherein the glue-conducting hole 15 penetrates from the battery core top plate 1 to the battery core along the Z axis
  • the conductive glue hole 15 is filled with thermal conductive glue.
  • the glue guide hole 15 is a cylindrical hole, which is convenient for matching with the gun head of the glue injection gun.
  • the thermal conductive glue overflows from the conductive glue hole 15 .
  • the inside of the glue-conducting hole 15 is filled with thermally conductive glue, and at the same time, the thermally conductive glue overflows from the glue-conducting hole 15 .
  • the thermally conductive adhesive can play a role in heat preservation to avoid the influence of the external temperature and the battery.
  • the cell top plate 1 is set to be a regular octagon, after the four cells are sequentially connected in a ring shape, a hollow area can be formed in the center, and thermal conductive glue can be injected into the hollow area to ensure the heat dissipation of the cells and thermal insulation.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery assembly according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the battery assembly according to an embodiment of the present application from another perspective.
  • the battery assembly includes several battery packs.
  • the core, the battery core and the battery core are connected to each other through the respective protruding parts 31 and recessed parts 32 .
  • the battery assembly can realize the uniform arrangement of the cells, improve the space utilization of the battery assembly, improve the energy density of the battery assembly, and improve the cruising range of the electric vehicle.
  • the battery assembly further includes a box body 4 in which the battery cells are loaded. It should be noted that the thermally conductive glue overflows from the bottom of the glue-conducting hole 15 and is connected to the bottom of the box body 4 .
  • the battery assembly further includes a limiting structure 5 , and the limiting structure 5 is arranged between the side wall of the box body 4 and the outermost battery cells to fix the battery cells. That is, the battery cells and the battery cells are clamped by the protruding parts 31 and the recessed parts 32 , and the battery cells and the side walls of the box are fixed by the limiting structure 5 .
  • the limiting structure 5 can be integrated on the side wall of the box, for example, as shown in FIG. It can be understood that the protruding part 31 of the battery cell is directly clamped to the side wall of the box.
  • the present application also provides an automobile, which includes the above-mentioned battery assembly.
  • the battery assembly has better fixation and better heat dissipation, making the vehicle more energy efficient.
  • the sidewalls of the battery cells are formed with protruding parts and concave parts, and different battery cells can be clamped to each other through the protruding parts and the concave parts, so as to be fixed and limited.
  • the side walls of the cells are formed with protrusions and depressions. Different cells can be connected to each other through the protrusions and depressions, and the adjacent cells can maintain a good fixing effect.
  • the bottom of the core is fixed in the box by the thermal conductive glue, which improves the fixing effect of the battery core, and the thermal conductive glue can improve the heat dissipation of the battery core.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种电芯、电池总成和汽车。其中电芯，包括：电芯顶板，设置为具有多个边缘的平板结构；电芯底板，与电芯顶板具有相同的形状，且电芯底板沿Z轴方向的投影与电芯顶板重合；和电芯侧壁，沿Z轴方向设置在电芯顶板和电芯底板之间，电芯侧壁的多个侧面中至少一个第一侧面设有凸出部，所述多个侧面中的至少一个第二侧面设有凹陷部，以使不同电芯之间通过凸出部和凹陷部相互卡接。

Description

电芯、电池总成和汽车
本申请要求在2021年1月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110068262.1的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及动力电池技术领域，例如涉及一种电芯、电池总成和汽车。
背景技术
新能源汽车具有能量效率高、零排放、无污染、比能量高、噪音低、可靠性高等优点。动力电池系统作为新能源汽车的主要储能部件，保证整车行驶、制动能量回收、混合动力发动机系统能量调节等功能。电池电芯作为电池总成的核心部件，其重要性不言而喻。
目前的圆柱与方形电芯主要有两大难题：一、电芯无法固定限位，必须组装成特定的电池模组集成电池总成；二、散热面积小，电芯与电芯之间传热效率差，容易导致电芯之间的温度一致性不好。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电芯，以避免电芯之间无法固定限位的情况。
本申请提供一种电池总成，以避免电芯之间无法固定限位、且散热面积较小的情况。
本申请提供一种汽车，以避免电芯之间无法固定限位、且散热面积较小的情况。
本申请采用以下技术方案：
一种电芯，包括：
电芯顶板，设置为具有多个边缘的平板结构；
电芯底板，与所述电芯顶板具有相同的形状，且所述电芯底板沿Z轴方向的投影与所述电芯顶板重合；和
电芯侧壁，沿Z轴方向设置在所述电芯顶板和所述电芯底板之间，其中：
所述电芯侧壁的多个侧面中至少一个第一侧面设有凸出部，至少一个第二 侧面设有凹陷部，以使不同所述电芯之间通过所述凸出部和所述凹陷部相互卡接。
本申请还提供一种电池总成，包括上述的电芯，相邻两个电芯通过凸出部和凹陷部相互卡接。
本申请还提供一种汽车，包括上述的电池总成。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例的电芯的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例的电芯的另一视角的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例的电池总成的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例的电池总成的另一视角的结构示意图。
图中：
1-电芯顶板；11-边缘；111-凸起；112-凹槽；12-正极极柱；13-负极极柱；14-防爆阀；15-导胶孔；
2-电芯底板；
3-电芯侧壁；31-凸出部；32-凹陷部；
4-箱体；
5-限位结构。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本申请，而非对本申请的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本申请相关的部分而非全部结构。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上” 或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“右”、等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。
本申请提供一种电芯，图1是本申请实施例的电芯的结构示意图，图2是本申请实施例的电芯的另一视角的结构示意图，如图1和图2所示，电芯具有电芯顶板1、电芯底板2和电芯侧壁3，电芯顶板1设为具有多个边缘11的平板结构，电芯底板2与电芯顶板1具有相同形状，且电芯顶板1沿竖直方向(Z轴方向)向下投影至电芯底板2时，两个投影重合，电芯侧壁3沿竖直方向竖直在电芯顶板1和电芯底板2之间，电芯顶板1、电芯底板2和电芯侧壁3密封连接后形成腔体，该腔体内设有电池材料。
在本申请实施例中，电芯侧壁3沿Z轴方向的长度(电芯的高度)远大于边缘11的长度，例如，电芯侧壁3沿Z轴方向的长度与边缘11的长度的比值为10：1。
在本申请实施例中，电芯侧壁3沿Z轴方向的长度为300mm，边缘11的长度为30mm。
电芯侧壁3的多个侧面中至少一个侧面设有凸出部31，至少另一个侧面设有凹陷部32，以使不同电芯之间通过凸出部31和凹陷部32相互卡接。
例如，在本申请实施例中，电芯顶板1设有六个边缘11，每个边缘11的长度相同，相邻两个边缘11之间的夹角为120°。电芯设置为类六棱柱结构，或蜂窝式结构，不同电芯组合后变成不同形状。
电芯能够通过周向的六个面与其他电芯相互接触，换热面积大，可以快速传导热量，实现电池的温度一致性。同时，电芯可以通过凸出部31和凹陷部32更容易进行固定装配，节省固定结构，减少安装时间。
需要说明的是，电芯顶板1也可以设置为四边形、八边形等，当电芯顶板1为长方形时，即若电芯为长方体，则电芯之间只能从前后左右四个方向进行拼接，组合后的形状不如六棱柱结构拼接后种类多。
例如，其中三个依次相连的边缘11的中部设有凸起111，凸出部31的顶端即凸起111，换言之，凸起111沿Z轴方向向下延伸至电芯底板2形成凸出部31，另外三个边缘11的中部设有凹槽112，凹陷部32的顶端即凹槽112，换言之，凹槽112沿Z轴方向向下延伸至电芯底板2形成凹陷部32。
例如，凸起111和凹槽112均设置为圆弧形结构，且圆弧形结构的半径均相同。
继续参见图1和图2，电芯顶板1设有正极极柱12、负极极柱13、防爆阀14和导胶孔15，其中导胶孔15沿Z轴从电芯顶板1贯穿至电芯底板2，导胶孔15内注有导热胶。在本申请实施例中，导胶孔15为圆柱形孔，方便与注胶枪的枪头配合。
例如，导热胶从导胶孔15溢出。换言之，导胶孔15内部注满导热胶，同时导热胶从导胶孔15溢出。温度较高时，导热胶吸收的热量能够传到至导热胶的顶部，保证电芯的散热效果；温度较低时，导热胶可以起到保温作用，避免外界温度与电芯的影响。
需要说明的是，若电芯顶板1设置为正八边形，四个电芯依次连接成环形后，能够在中心形成一个空心区域，能够在空心区域中注有导热胶，从而保证电芯的散热和保温作用。
图3是本申请实施例的电池总成的结构示意图，图4是本申请实施例的电池总成的另一视角的结构示意图，如图1-图4所示，电池总成包括若干个电芯，电芯和电芯之间通过各自的凸出部31和凹陷部32相互卡接。
电池总成可以实现电芯的均布排列，提高电池总成的空间利用率，提升电池总成的能量密度，提升电动汽车的续航里程。
电池总成还包括箱体4，电芯装载在箱体4中，需要说明的是，导热胶从导胶孔15的底部溢出并连接在箱体4的箱底。
电池总成还包括限位结构5，限位结构5设置在箱体4的箱侧壁和位于最外侧的电芯之间，以固定电芯。即电芯和电芯之间通过凸出部31以及凹陷部32卡接，电芯和箱侧壁之间通过限位结构5进行固定。
需要说明的是，限位结构5可以集成在箱侧壁上，例如图3所示，限位结 构5设置为配合电芯的凸出部31的槽体，其形状和电芯的凹陷部32的结构相同，可以理解为，电芯的凸出部31直接与箱侧壁卡接。
本申请还提供一种汽车，该汽车包括上述的电池总成。对于这种汽车，电池总成的固定性更好，且具有更好的散热效果，使汽车具有更高的能量效率。
对于电芯，电芯侧壁形成凸出部和凹陷部，不同的电芯之间能够通过凸出部和凹陷部相互卡接，从而进行固定限位。
对于电池总成，电芯侧壁形成凸出部和凹陷部，不同的电芯之间能够通过凸出部和凹陷部相互卡接，相邻电芯之间能够保持较好的固定作用，电芯的底部通过导热胶固定在箱体中，提高电芯的固定作用，并且导热胶能够提高电芯散热。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电芯，包括：
    电芯顶板(1)，设置为具有多个边缘(11)的平板结构；
    电芯底板(2)，与所述电芯顶板(1)具有相同的形状，且所述电芯底板(2)沿Z轴方向的投影与所述电芯顶板(1)重合；和
    电芯侧壁(3)，沿Z轴方向设置在所述电芯顶板(1)和所述电芯底板(2)之间，其中：
    所述电芯侧壁(3)的多个侧面中至少一个第一侧面设有凸出部(31)，所述多个侧面中的至少一个第二侧面设有凹陷部(32)，以使不同所述电芯之间通过所述凸出部(31)和所述凹陷部(32)相互卡接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电芯，其中，所述电芯顶板(1)具有2N个所述边缘(11)，且2N个所述边缘(11)的长度相同，同时任意相邻两个所述边缘(11)之间形成的夹角的度数相同。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电芯，其中，在2N个所述边缘(11)中，依次连接的N个所述边缘(11)的中部分别设有凸起(111)，所述凸起(111)形成在所述凸出部(31)的端部，其他依次连接的N个所述边缘(11)的中部分别设有凹槽(112)，所述凹槽(112)形成在所述凹陷部(32)的端部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电芯，其中，所述凸起(111)和所述凹槽(112)分别设置为圆弧形结构，且多个所述圆弧形结构的半径相同。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电芯，其中，所述电芯顶板(1)设有正极极柱(12)、负极极柱(13)、防爆阀(14)和导胶孔(15)，所述导胶孔(15)沿Z轴从所述电芯顶板(1)贯穿至所述电芯底板(2)，所述导胶孔(15)内注有导热胶。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电芯，其中，所述导热胶从所述导胶孔(15)溢出。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6任一项所述的电芯，其中，所述电芯顶板(1)设置有六条所述边缘(11)。
  8. 一种电池总成，包括权利要求1-7任一项所述的电芯，相邻两个所述电芯通过所述凸出部(31)和凹陷部(32)相互卡接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池总成，还包括：
    箱体(4)，所述箱体(4)内设有多个相互卡接的所述电芯；和
    限位结构(5)，设置在所述箱体(4)的箱侧壁和位于最外侧的所述电芯之间，以固定所述电芯。
  10. 一种汽车，包括权利要求8或9所述的电池总成。
PCT/CN2022/072700 2021-01-19 2022-01-19 电芯、电池总成和汽车 WO2022156700A1 (zh)

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