WO2022152713A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines transfergemisches nach dem direktlöseverfahren und einem dünnschichtverdampfer - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines transfergemisches nach dem direktlöseverfahren und einem dünnschichtverdampfer Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022152713A1 WO2022152713A1 PCT/EP2022/050477 EP2022050477W WO2022152713A1 WO 2022152713 A1 WO2022152713 A1 WO 2022152713A1 EP 2022050477 W EP2022050477 W EP 2022050477W WO 2022152713 A1 WO2022152713 A1 WO 2022152713A1
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- Prior art keywords
- product
- housing
- transfer mixture
- mixture
- transfer
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylmorpholine N-oxide Chemical compound CN1(=O)CCOCC1 LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910009112 xH2O Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- WAZPLXZGZWWXDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-4-oxidomorpholin-4-ium;hydrate Chemical compound O.C[N+]1([O-])CCOCC1 WAZPLXZGZWWXDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000433 Lyocell Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- IVNPXOUPZCTJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylmorpholin-4-ium;hydroxide Chemical compound O.CN1CCOCC1 IVNPXOUPZCTJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004094 preconcentration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/18—De-watering; Elimination of cooking or pulp-treating liquors from the pulp
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
- B01D1/222—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts
- B01D1/223—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts containing a rotor
- B01D1/225—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts containing a rotor with blades or scrapers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/0082—Regulation; Control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
- B01D1/222—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts
- B01D1/223—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts containing a rotor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B1/00—Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof, e.g. pre-treatment, pre-soaking, activation
- C08B1/003—Preparation of cellulose solutions, i.e. dopes, with different possible solvents, e.g. ionic liquids
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/02—Preparation of spinning solutions
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a transfer mixture using the direct dissolving method according to the preamble of claims 1, 2, 11 or 12.
- a cellulose-water-functional fluid mixture (hereinafter also referred to as product and cellulose, functional fluid and water as product components) is described, for example, in WO 1994/ 006530 A1, wherein N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (hereinafter referred to as NMMO or also amine oxide) is used as the functional liquid (commonly known as lyocell form solution process or amine oxide process).
- NMMO N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide
- amine oxide commonly known as lyocell form solution process or amine oxide process.
- the cellulose-water-functional liquid mixture or product is to be understood as meaning all water contents or substance mixture states, i.e. from a large water content, in which a suspension is present, to such a low water content that a form solution is present, and thus includes the transfer mixture .
- a heating surface is to be understood as meaning any heated surface which is intended to introduce energy into a product thermally via a temperature difference between the heating surface and the product.
- this method discloses the production of a moldable solution, with the solution being referred to below as the mold solution in the sense of the definition in DE 10 2012 103 296 A1.
- thin-film evaporators are mostly designed with a vertical orientation of the evaporator shaft, as for example in WO 1994/006530 A1, they can also be designed with a horizontal orientation of the evaporator shaft, as described for example in WO 2020/249705 A1.
- IL an ionic liquid
- NMMO NMMO
- a form solution is also produced by a direct dissolving method by using water is evaporated from a cellulose-IL-water mixture in a thin film evaporator.
- IL or ionic liquids refers to a group of organic compounds which, despite their ionic structure, have a low melting point ( ⁇ 100°C) and are therefore also referred to as molten salts.
- the use of IL as a functional liquid therefore always means an embodiment within the group of ionic liquids that is suitable for the direct dissolution process.
- ILs tend to thermally decompose at elevated temperatures, so processes involving a heated IL must keep the temperature of the IL below its decomposition temperature.
- the decomposition of the IL [DBNH][OAc] above temperatures of approx. 100 °C can be cited here as an example.
- the person skilled in the art is also aware that when the water content of an NMMO-water mixture is reduced at elevated temperatures, decomposition of the NMMO begins. At temperatures typically above 140°C, there is an increasing risk of explosion as the water content decreases, for example due to explosive autocatalytic decomposition, which results in a further increase in temperature and thus an acute risk of explosion.
- decomposition can already be observed at temperatures above 125°C, since the decomposition temperature is increased by the presence of reducing agents (such as cellulose) and heavy metal ions (such as e.g iron ions) can reduce.
- reducing agents such as cellulose
- heavy metal ions such as e.g iron ions
- each composition of the mixture is assigned an equilibrium temperature under the prevailing process conditions (pressure) at which the mixture begins to boil. If energy is supplied to the system, some of the volatile components (here water) evaporate. At the same time, the composition of the mixture changes, which means that the equilibrium temperature also changes as a result. The mixture heats up when energy is supplied, while its composition changes along its equilibrium curve due to the evaporation of volatile components. As the water content decreases, the viscosity increases due to the increasing cellulose concentration and the increasing dissolving power of the functional liquid or the functional liquid-water mixture.
- the evaporating water in the product is increasingly at risk of transport limitations, so that evaporative cooling can no longer take place to a sufficient extent and the temperature of the water-functional liquid mixture and the product consequently rises to values above the equilibrium temperature.
- the equilibrium temperature of the mixture changes with it composition as well as with the process pressure.
- the temperature of the mixture increases over the course of the process even without transport-limiting effects, so that decomposition can also occur at the equilibrium temperature if the process parameters are selected appropriately.
- the person skilled in the art therefore selects process parameters at which the equilibrium temperatures that occur are always below the decomposition temperatures. Equilibrium temperatures in the range from 50° C. to 110° C. usually result over the course of the process for NMMO as a functional liquid.
- a process at temperatures below the decomposition temperature can also have a product-damaging or safety-endangering effect due to non-thermally induced decomposition processes (e.g. radical reactions). In practice, however, this is counteracted with standard stabilizers.
- non-thermally induced decomposition processes e.g. radical reactions
- WO 2008/154668 A1 also discloses a thin-film evaporator for producing a lyocell molding solution, with the conveying elements on the evaporator shaft of the thin-film evaporator are steeply angled for rapid vertical product transport.
- the thin film evaporator merges into an end screw which feeds a pump which pumps the shaping solution through pipelines to a shaping device such as spinnerets.
- a pump which pumps the shaping solution through pipelines to a shaping device such as spinnerets.
- dissolution rates are influenced by various factors such as temperature.
- concentration of the functional liquid and the mechanical load on the mixture also have an influence on the dissolving rate.
- the upstream pump Due to its high viscosity, accumulating mold solution can quickly overheat due to mechanical energy input from the evaporator shaft, which poses an acute risk of damage to the product and, in the case of NMMO, a risk of explosion in particular. If the rotation of the evaporator shaft is stopped, the product distributed as a thin layer in close contact with the heated inner housing surfaces can quickly overheat, which also poses an acute risk of product damage and especially explosion.
- the heated housing surfaces are referred to as heating surfaces.
- the person skilled in the art also has the disadvantage that, in order to avoid significant overheating of the product or the functional liquid, the temperature of the heating surface (also called heating temperature or heating surface temperature) is greatly reduced in the thin-film evaporator on the discharge side. Due to the higher product viscosities there, there is also a higher energy input through dissipation compared to the upper area of the thin-film evaporator. In addition, the transport speed of the product is reduced by the accumulation effect before discharge, which increases the time available for product heating, which not only increases the energy input through dissipation but also the thermal energy input. In order to avoid significant overheating of the product, it is therefore necessary to lower the heating temperature compared to the upper range.
- the temperature of the heating surface is typically lowered to the point where it roughly corresponds to the temperature of the form solution (also referred to below as the form solution temperature) when it exits the thin-film evaporator, i.e. typically 100 to 105 °C with NMMO as the functional liquid, in order to merely temper the product.
- the discharge-side zone with a reduced heating temperature typically affects 20% to 50% of the heating surface of the thin-film evaporator.
- avoiding this reduction in the heating temperature would mean an increase in the areas of the thin-film evaporator used for thermal energy input by 25% to 100%, ie the latter would mean a doubling.
- the purpose of reducing the heating surface temperature is, in particular, to compensate for this mechanical energy input in order to avoid significant overheating of the product or the product components and the associated risks of product damage and decomposition.
- a further disadvantage is rising energy costs due to the above-mentioned throttling of the thermal energy input in favor of the mechanical energy input, since instead of a typically cost-effective thermal energy input via the heating surface, it is typically more expensive electromechanical energy input via energy dissipation of the rotating evaporator shaft of the thin film evaporator.
- WO 96/33302 A now discloses a system for producing cellulosic films, fibers and other shaped bodies using the amine oxide process (ie with NMMO as the functional liquid).
- Two mixing devices with two different pulpers are preferably used here.
- the pulp is intended to be first defibrated or ground, with a pump pumping a first suspension of pulp in an aqueous amine oxide solution with a dry substance density of not more than 10% by weight of dry pulp into a device (hereinafter referred to as device 1), wherein the Device reduces the amount of water present until the suspension is converted into a concentrated pulp suspension, with the device 1 transferring the concentrated pulp suspension to a further device (hereinafter referred to as device 2), the concentrated pulp suspension formed being converted into a moldable solution of cellulose is transferred.
- Both devices can be designed as thin-film evaporators.
- the reason for this two-stage evaporation is the high water content in the pulp-water-NMMO mixture, which is caused by the process control upstream of the device 1 .
- the aim of this invention is therefore the pre-concentration of the pulp suspension in order to reduce the amount of water to be evaporated by device 2.
- a concentrated pulp suspension is disclosed as the state of the product according to device 1, which means that the dissolving process has not yet started and therefore does not contain any dissolved cellulosic components.
- a discharge pump is provided between device 1 and device 2, in front of which a damming up of the concentrated pulp suspension in the form of an accumulation of liquid is revealed at this point, which again increases the risk of explosion due to the risk of material accumulation.
- WO 2013/156489 A1 also discloses two successive devices for evaporating water, the first being a thin-film evaporator and the second a thick-film evaporator, preferably a kneading reactor as described in DE 199 40 521 A1, the kneading reactor being referred to below as a mixing kneader. Thanks to good high-viscosity mixing properties and effective mechanical energy input via its shaft (hereinafter referred to as kneader shaft), the speed of which can be quickly set and also quickly reduced, the mixing kneader can regulate the temperature with great accuracy and safely and, as a rule, cool the product or heat dissipation avoid. Thin-film evaporator and mixing kneader are directly connected to one another by a connection, but WO 2013/156489 A1 is silent about the explicit embodiment of the connection.
- the water content in the NMMO of the concentrated pulp suspension is divided into three sections during the dissolving process. After the first section, the pulp suspension from the thin-film evaporator is fed out and into the mixing kneader.
- the first section shows no increase in viscosity and ends with the start of the dissolution window, which corresponds to a 2.5 hydrate, which corresponds to an NMMO-water concentration (NMMO based on NMMO and water by mass) of approx. 72.2 wt% and where - as with the WO 06/33302 A - due to the high water content present, a low tendency to explode is to be expected.
- the second section consists of the main dissolving process, so that the viscosity there begins to rise sharply and the associated necessary evaporation of water to about a 1.5 hydrate occurs, which corresponds to an NMMO water concentration of about 81.3 wt%. is equivalent to.
- the homogenization takes place and water evaporates until a 0.8 to 1.0 hydrate (monohydrate) is formed, which corresponds to an NMMO water concentration of approx. 89.1 wt% to 86.7 wt%.
- the disadvantage of this process is the still high proportion of water, which is not evaporated by a thin-film evaporator, which corresponds to an unused potential of the thin-film evaporator to increase process efficiency.
- a subsequent mixing kneader as described in WO 2013/156489 A1—still has to evaporate a large amount of water in the entry zone.
- the integrated heating system also reduces the mechanical stability of the construction and consequently causes a reduction in the maximum size of the mixing kneader.
- the need for this design is further increased by the low viscosity of the concentrated pulp suspension when entering the mixing kneader with an NMMO-water concentration of approx are not sufficient to ensure sufficient water evaporation through the resulting friction and the resulting heating of the pulp suspension.
- the high water content means on the one hand a high evaporation load for the mixing kneader and, on the other hand, a low proportion of mechanical energy input due to low viscosity.
- kneaders are known to those skilled in the art. They preferably have exactly one or exactly two kneader shafts, which are used to carry out highly viscous and crust-forming processes, which can be operated under vacuum, atmospheric or at overpressure and can be heated or cooled via thermal exchange surfaces.
- the kneader shaft and its shaft structures can very effectively heat the product through rotation and friction, given the product viscosities that are typically present.
- shaft structures of the kneader shaft mesh preferably during operation with static structures of the housing, for example so-called counter hooks. If there are exactly two kneader shafts, then there is a two-shaft mixing kneader, which is described, for example, in DE 41 18 884 A1.
- the shaft structures of the kneader shafts preferably mesh with one another during operation.
- the at least one kneader shaft comprises shaft structures in the form of discs and bars attached thereto, the shaft structures of the at least one kneader shaft being set up to mesh with the shaft structures of a second kneader shaft or with stationary counter-elements present in the mixing kneader during operation.
- Mixing kneaders with such intermeshing elements are known and are referred to as “self-cleaning” because the combing described detaches any buildup from the intermeshing elements.
- the kneader shafts with discs and bars described above are known from the prior art, for example from DE 41 18 884 A1.
- Ingots and discs also called “supports” can also be made in one piece, for example be manufactured, the term "fixed” is therefore to be interpreted broadly.
- CH 674 472 A5 shows a single-shaft mixing kneader with hook-like static kneading counter-elements (so-called "kneading counter-hook") on the inner wall of the housing.
- the housing, kneader shaft(s), shaft structures and static counter kneading elements can be designed as described in the aforementioned publications.
- thermal exchange surfaces are typically designed as welded-on half-tubes or preferably as double walls.
- thermal exchange surfaces mean that the kneader shaft is designed as a hollow shaft and preferably has an inflow and a return flow of the heat transfer medium or cooling medium, for example with an inner tube.
- Discs with thermal exchange surfaces have cavities or bores for electrical heating elements or a heat transfer medium or cooling medium, the latter having an inflow that is fed from the inflow in the kneader shaft and an outflow that flows back to the return flow in the kneader shaft.
- the cavities can typically be designed as double walls or bores and require greater wall thicknesses and larger dimensions of the shaft structures and kneader shaft with thicker walls and cause a significantly greater manufacturing effort compared to cavity-free (hereinafter also referred to as heating cavity-free) discs, which typically due to the omission of thermal Exchange areas can be built smaller.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
- a method for producing the transfer mixture by evaporating water from a cellulose-water-functional liquid mixture is to be described, which primarily enables the evaporation performance achieved by thermal energy input of a device suitable for evaporation, preferably a thin-film evaporator, without overheating or significantly increase the risk of explosion.
- the subject matter of the present invention is the production of a transfer mixture as the first process stage of an at least two-stage process according to the direct dissolving process in a thin-film evaporator, which takes into account all the facts mentioned in the context of the task.
- the method according to the invention for producing the transfer mixture within the direct dissolving process takes place in a device, preferably a thin-film evaporator, with a feed, a housing and an outlet, with the feed feeding a product in the form of a starting material consisting essentially of cellulose, water and a functional liquid into the housing is introduced, with the starting material being heated and some of the water evaporating, so that the transfer mixture is formed, with the transfer mixture flowing onto the outlet with a feed stream, and then being transferred without delay to a downstream process element.
- a transfer mixture and not a mold solution is to be produced in the process.
- the transfer mixture is characterized by a proportion of water at which the temperature of the heating surface of the thin-film evaporator—in particular towards the discharge—is not significantly lower than that at the entry, without the product being significantly overheated.
- the transfer mixture differs from the form solution in that it corresponds to the product in a state before it is converted into a formable, in particular formable or spinnable solution.
- a formable or spinnable solution is present when all the essential cellulosic components of the starting material have dissolved.
- essential means such a low proportion of undissolved components that the so-called filter service life reaches an economically acceptable level.
- Filter life refers to filters that are typically used after the forming solution preparation process stage and before the forming/spinning process stage.
- the filter service life corresponds to the length of time or the period of use until a filter has to be replaced because the pressure drop across the filter becomes too high, which increases due to the accumulation of components undesirable for further processing.
- These components can represent, for example, undissolved cellulosic fibers as well as non-cellulosic impurities.
- the concrete choice of a filter service life is therefore subject to overall economic costs and quality-optimizing aspects.
- the transfer mixture also differs from the starting material in that part of the cellulose present in the starting material is already in solution in the transfer mixture as a result of thermo-mechanical treatment in the thin-film evaporator.
- the method according to the invention for producing the transfer mixture has the advantage that the product in the thin-film evaporator always has a sufficiently high proportion of water and thus significant overheating and, in the case of NMMO as the functional liquid, a consequent result potential risk of explosion is prevented and so the heating temperature towards the discharge side of the thin-film evaporator does not have to be lowered or not significantly, but that there is always a temperature difference necessary for thermal energy input, i.e. the difference between heating temperature and product temperature, of at least 20K, preferably 50K and ideally 70K exists while avoiding significant overheating.
- a further advantage is that the lower viscosity and the avoidance of accumulation of the product on the outlet side of the thin-film evaporator in front of the outlet result in less mechanical stress on the evaporator shaft of the thin-film evaporator, so that the thin-film evaporator can be implemented more cost-effectively.
- This increases the maximum amount of water evaporation per heating surface of thin-film evaporators with lower energy costs and more economical construction.
- the cheaper construction results, for example, from the fact that conventional thin-film evaporators can be made larger and therefore more material can be processed than was previously possible. This increases both the higher amount of water evaporation per heating surface and the larger design, i.e. the production capacity per production line.
- Another advantage here is the increased energy efficiency and process reliability not only for the process step of producing a concentrated pulp suspension in a thin-film evaporator but also in combination with a suitable downstream process element such as preferably a mixing kneader for the entire conversion of a starting material into a form solution.
- an IL or NMMO is added as a functional liquid for the starting material.
- the functional liquid serves to dissolve the cellulose under the right conditions.
- the transfer mixture can be passed on to a subsequent processing element.
- the subsequent process organ can be the process organs already described such as act the mixing kneader or the further thin film evaporator.
- the subsequent processing element is intended to further process the transfer mixture into a form solution.
- a preferred embodiment of the transfer mixture is selected and practice has shown that the viscosity of the transfer mixture is not only low enough to avoid significant overheating in the thin-film evaporator, but also high enough that the mechanical energy input caused by friction in the mixing kneader is so high is that the need for thermal energy input into the mixing kneader - supplementing the mechanical energy input - is so low that the structures of the kneader shaft do not have to be used for thermal heat exchange, but can be designed without heating cavities. This enables a significantly simpler, cheaper and faster construction of the kneader shaft.
- the transfer mixture is chosen so that - in addition to (1) and (2) above - it has a water concentration that also applies:
- the mixing kneader is equipped with at least one kneader shaft, the superstructure of which does not have to be heatable, and the transfer mixture has sufficient viscosity to use mechanical energy input, in addition to thermal energy input via a heatable kneader shaft of the mixing kneader and a heatable housing of the mixing kneader to achieve the evaporation capacity required in the mixing kneader for the production of a mold solution.
- the starting material is a mixture of cellulose, water and functional fluid, the composition of which can vary greatly.
- the feedstock thereby becomes a transfer mixture from the feed to the outlet.
- the cellulose is partially dissolved and in the case of NMMO as the functional liquid, the water content in the NMMO can be taken from the mathematical formula.
- the formulas for describing the transfer mixture relate to the production of a transfer mixture under thermo-mechanical conditions that allow low-risk operation of the thin-film evaporator and have proven themselves in practice. Due to the explained influences on the rate of dissolution of the cellulose, however, it is possible that the formula predicts a spinnable solution, while in practice, despite low water content, a transfer mixture according to the invention with undissolved cellulose components is still present, since a special thermal mechanical treatment has been chosen, such as very short times of the product between feed and discharge. Due to the associated lower water content in the transfer mixture, such thermo-mechanical treatments are associated with an increased process risk due to significant overheating and explosive decomposition.
- this can also mean that the starting material, even with compositions within the concentration range, is fed to the thin-film evaporator, which describes the general transfer mixture.
- a transfer mixture which is characterized by a partial dissolution of the cellulose, is usually created only through the process-specific thermo-mechanical treatment of the starting material in the thin-film evaporator (increased temperature and shearing effect).
- the outlet opens into a subsequent processing element, which is preferably more suitable than the thin-film evaporator for reliably converting the transfer mixture into a form solution.
- a subsequent processing element can be a mixing kneader.
- the kneading mixer is particularly well suited as a subsequent process unit thanks to good high-viscosity mixing properties and effective mechanical energy input via the kneader shaft, the speed of which can be quickly set and quickly reduced again - to zero if necessary. It is also advantageous here that the mixing kneader can regulate the temperature with great accuracy and safely, and thereby, as a rule, avoids cooling or heat dissipation.
- the transfer mixture first passes through a subsequent transfer element.
- the transfer mixture is then passed on to the subsequent processing element.
- the increased energy efficiency and process reliability not only applies to the process step of producing the transfer mixture, but also in Combination with a suitable downstream processing organ for the total conversion of a starting material into a forming solution.
- a further thin-film evaporator can also be considered as the subsequent processing element - accepting the above-mentioned disadvantages, whereby the thin-film evaporator can be designed in its overall construction for reaching the transfer mixture and the further thin-film evaporator through its further overall construction, such as overall length, angling of its wiper blades or the like can be adapted to the processing of the transfer mixture.
- the subsequent processing element is defined in such a way that the processing element that processes the transfer mixture further processes it into a form solution.
- the mold solution can then be used for spinning, for example.
- the maximum water content x H20 describes the composition that corresponds to the dihydrate when considering water and NMMO.
- NMMO molecules have the ability to form two hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonds lead on the one hand to the formation of structures with water molecules bound over them and on the other hand to the detachment of cellulose molecules. From a ratio of less than two water molecules per NMMO molecule, there is theoretically a dissolving capacity of the NMMO for cellulose molecules. This separates the transfer mixture from the pure suspension as the upper water content limit. For example, it is also described in the literature that with appropriate thermomechanical treatment, part of the cellulose is already in solution at NMMO-water concentrations of approx. 75%.
- the curve describes the 95% confidence interval of the minimum water content of the general transfer area and thus further distinguishes itself from the safe state of a complete mold solution.
- the formula for describing the maximum water content x H20 of the preferred transfer range is based on results from industrial applications of the direct dissolution process and data collection from the inventors' test series on a pilot plant scale. It marks the upper limit of the transfer range, within which optimal utilization of the specific, process-relevant thin-film evaporator characteristics is guaranteed.
- the transfer mixture is in a pre-dissolution state.
- This also means that the process for producing lyocell has been carried out under optimal operating parameters of the thin-film evaporator and the comparatively difficult material conditions of the lyocell are avoided, for example if encrustations occur in the thin-film evaporator or over-drying or decomposition takes place.
- These problematic material states can be summarized in the following Process element relatively easy to prevent, because the subsequent process element is usually designed, for example, for higher torques and the avoidance of crust formation.
- the maximum proportion of water is already closer to complete solution compared to the definition of the general transfer mixture.
- the minimal proportion of water is at a greater distance from this complete solution.
- the transfer mixture is removed from a moldable or spinnable solution after a processing time lasting several minutes, during which the product is homogenized by mixing and any remaining water is evaporated, so that the thin-film evaporator can be operated with the preferred operating properties described above.
- the product and thus also the starting material essentially consists of cellulose, water and a functional liquid.
- the product contains other chemicals such as stabilizers, etc., which need not be listed in detail within the scope of the invention, since they are known to the person skilled in the art and can be adapted for each individual case of use.
- a thin-film evaporator for processing a starting material to form a transfer mixture using the direct dissolving process is claimed.
- the thin-film evaporator has a feed, a housing and an outlet, with the feed introducing the starting material or the product consisting essentially of cellulose, water and a functional liquid into the housing, with an evaporator shaft arranged in the housing rotating the product over the heated interior of the housing, whereby the product heats up and some of the water evaporates, so that the transfer mixture is formed, whereby according to the invention all heating surfaces of the thin-film evaporator that come into contact with the product are subjected to a heating temperature that is at least 20K above the temperature of the product.
- NMMO N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide
- the thin-film evaporator is set in such a way that when the parameters of the transfer mixture are reached, the outlet is passed automatically or guided and further processing or transport is operatively connected to at least one subsequent transfer element or the transfer mixture is operatively linked to a subsequent process element.
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the preferred material properties of a transfer mixture.
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the general material properties of a transfer mixture.
- the subject of this example is the production of a molding solution with a cellulose content of 12% by weight using the direct solution process.
- NMMO is used as the functional liquid. All of the following proportions relate to the total mass of the cellulose-NMMO-water mixture.
- a starting material with a cellulose content of approx. 7.2 wt% is produced from cellulose and aqueous NMMO solution, resulting in an NMMO content of approx. 46.1 wt%.
- This starting material is introduced into a thin-film evaporator and concentrated there to form a transfer mixture.
- the thin-film evaporator is operated at a process pressure of 70 mbara, so that the equilibrium temperature of the starting material is around 43 °C.
- the heating temperature of the thin-film evaporator is 130°C.
- the mixture is transferred within the preferred transfer range with a cellulose content of approx. 11.5 wt% and an NMMO Proportion of approx. 73.9 wt%. With the present process conditions, this corresponds to an equilibrium temperature of the transfer mixture of approx. 100 °C. The ratio of water and NMMO at this point is approximately that of a 1.3 hydrate.
- the transfer mixture provided by the thin-film evaporator is then placed in a mixing kneader. There, the mixture is finally concentrated by evaporation and homogenization, resulting in a complete mold solution.
- the molding solution leaves the mixing kneader with a cellulose content of 12.0 wt%, an NMMO content of approx. 77.0 wt% and a temperature of approx. 107 °C.
- the subject of this example is the production of a molding solution with a cellulose content of 12% by weight using the direct solution process.
- an ionic liquid is used as the functional liquid. All of the following proportions relate to the total mass of the mixture.
- a starting mixture with a cellulose content of approx. 8.2 wt% is made from cellulose and aqueous IL solution, resulting in an IL content of approx. 58.6 wt%.
- This starting mixture is introduced into a thin-film evaporator and concentrated there to form a transfer mixture.
- the mixture is transferred with a cellulose content of approx. 11.5 wt% and an IL content of approx. 79.6 wt%.
- the transfer mixture provided by the thin-film evaporator is then placed in a mixing kneader. There, the mixture is finally concentrated by evaporation and homogenization, resulting in a complete mold solution.
- the molding solution leaves the mixing kneader with a cellulose content of 12.0 wt% and an IL content of approx. 83.0 wt%. Shown in Figure 1 is a graph showing the general and preferred material composition of the transfer mix.
- the range of the solution L is first reached and with a further decrease in the water content, the crystallization K of the NMMO takes place.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2023542508A JP2024502637A (ja) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-01-12 | 直接溶解法によって移送混合物を生成するための方法及び薄膜蒸発機 |
CA3204945A CA3204945A1 (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-01-12 | Method for producing a transfer mixture by the direct dissolution method and a thin film evaporator |
KR1020237027520A KR20230132526A (ko) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-01-12 | 박박 증발기를 이용한 직접 용해 공정에 의한 이송혼합물의 제조 방법 |
EP22702872.7A EP4277718A1 (de) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-01-12 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines transfergemisches nach dem direktlöseverfahren und einem dünnschichtverdampfer |
US18/272,196 US20240301623A1 (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-01-12 | Method for producing a transfer mixture by the direct dissolution process, using a thin layer evaporator |
CN202280012650.0A CN116917014A (zh) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-01-12 | 通过直接溶解法生产转移混合物的方法和薄膜蒸发器 |
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DE102021100484.5A DE102021100484A1 (de) | 2021-01-13 | 2021-01-13 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Transfergemisches nach dem Direktlöseverfahren und einem Dünnschichtverdampfer |
DE102021100484.5 | 2021-01-13 |
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US (1) | US20240301623A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4277718A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2024502637A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20230132526A (de) |
CN (1) | CN116917014A (de) |
CA (1) | CA3204945A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021100484A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW202239454A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022152713A1 (de) |
Citations (12)
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US4196282A (en) | 1977-11-25 | 1980-04-01 | Akzona Incorporated | Process for making a shapeable cellulose and shaped cellulose products |
CH674472A5 (de) | 1987-05-06 | 1990-06-15 | List Ag | |
DE4118884A1 (de) | 1991-06-07 | 1992-12-10 | List Ag | Mischkneter |
WO1994006530A1 (en) | 1992-09-17 | 1994-03-31 | Courtaulds Fibres (Holdings) Limited | Forming solutions |
WO1996033302A1 (de) | 1995-04-19 | 1996-10-24 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Anlage sowie integriertes folien- und faserwerk zur herstellung cellulosischer folien und fasern |
WO1997011973A1 (de) * | 1995-09-27 | 1997-04-03 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Dünnschichtbehandlungsapparat |
DE19940521A1 (de) | 1999-08-26 | 2001-04-19 | List Ag Arisdorf | Mischkneter |
WO2006033302A1 (ja) | 2004-09-21 | 2006-03-30 | Sony Corporation | 印刷装置及び印刷方法 |
WO2008086550A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-24 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Forming solutions |
WO2008154668A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-24 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Thin film treatment apparatus |
DE102012103296A1 (de) | 2012-04-17 | 2013-10-17 | List Holding Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern |
WO2020249705A1 (de) | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | Aurotec Gmbh | Dünnschichtbehandlungsvorrichtung |
-
2021
- 2021-01-13 DE DE102021100484.5A patent/DE102021100484A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-01-12 JP JP2023542508A patent/JP2024502637A/ja active Pending
- 2022-01-12 US US18/272,196 patent/US20240301623A1/en active Pending
- 2022-01-12 CA CA3204945A patent/CA3204945A1/en active Pending
- 2022-01-12 EP EP22702872.7A patent/EP4277718A1/de active Pending
- 2022-01-12 KR KR1020237027520A patent/KR20230132526A/ko unknown
- 2022-01-12 CN CN202280012650.0A patent/CN116917014A/zh active Pending
- 2022-01-12 WO PCT/EP2022/050477 patent/WO2022152713A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-01-13 TW TW111101480A patent/TW202239454A/zh unknown
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US4196282A (en) | 1977-11-25 | 1980-04-01 | Akzona Incorporated | Process for making a shapeable cellulose and shaped cellulose products |
CH674472A5 (de) | 1987-05-06 | 1990-06-15 | List Ag | |
DE4118884A1 (de) | 1991-06-07 | 1992-12-10 | List Ag | Mischkneter |
WO1994006530A1 (en) | 1992-09-17 | 1994-03-31 | Courtaulds Fibres (Holdings) Limited | Forming solutions |
WO1996033302A1 (de) | 1995-04-19 | 1996-10-24 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Anlage sowie integriertes folien- und faserwerk zur herstellung cellulosischer folien und fasern |
WO1997011973A1 (de) * | 1995-09-27 | 1997-04-03 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Dünnschichtbehandlungsapparat |
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WO2008086550A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-24 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Forming solutions |
WO2008154668A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-24 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Thin film treatment apparatus |
DE102012103296A1 (de) | 2012-04-17 | 2013-10-17 | List Holding Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20240301623A1 (en) | 2024-09-12 |
EP4277718A1 (de) | 2023-11-22 |
DE102021100484A1 (de) | 2022-07-14 |
TW202239454A (zh) | 2022-10-16 |
CN116917014A (zh) | 2023-10-20 |
JP2024502637A (ja) | 2024-01-22 |
CA3204945A1 (en) | 2022-07-21 |
KR20230132526A (ko) | 2023-09-15 |
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