WO2022149590A1 - 微生物資材および植物の栽培方法、並びに、細菌株 - Google Patents
微生物資材および植物の栽培方法、並びに、細菌株 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022149590A1 WO2022149590A1 PCT/JP2022/000178 JP2022000178W WO2022149590A1 WO 2022149590 A1 WO2022149590 A1 WO 2022149590A1 JP 2022000178 W JP2022000178 W JP 2022000178W WO 2022149590 A1 WO2022149590 A1 WO 2022149590A1
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- microbial material
- ottawaense
- bacterial
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/54—Leguminosae or Fabaceae, e.g. soybean, alfalfa or peanut
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
Definitions
- the disclosure in this application relates to microbial materials and plant cultivation methods, as well as bacterial strains.
- Bradyrhizobium soybean root nodules are plant symbiotic microorganisms that coexist with soybean roots to form nodules and fix nitrogen in the atmosphere, and most of them also possess denitrifying ability.
- B. Nitrous oxide carries the N 2 O reductase gene (nos) that reduces N 2 O ⁇ N 2 , which is the final reaction of denitrification. N 2 O generated in the denitrification process shows a greenhouse effect about 300 times that of CO 2 , and its reduction is an important issue.
- B. possessing N 2 O reductase Inoculation of nitrous oxide in soybean fields can reduce the occurrence of N2O from the rhizosphere of soybeans.
- the nos-enhanced mutant strains described in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 have a stronger N2O reducing ability as compared with the wild-type strain.
- an international framework has been established to prevent adverse effects on biodiversity.
- regulatory measures have been taken when using genetically modified organisms, etc. under the "Act on Ensuring Biological Diversity by Regulating the Use of Genetically Modified Organisms, etc.” (commonly known as the "Cartagena Act"). .. Therefore, the nos-enhanced mutant strains described in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 have a problem that they cannot be used in a natural environment. Therefore, it is desired to discover a bacterial strain that can promote the growth of plants by having a nitrogen - fixing ability and has an excellent N2O reducing ability.
- the purpose of the disclosure of this application is to provide microbial materials and plant cultivation methods, as well as bacterial strains.
- the bacterial strain is B.I.
- OTU operational taxonomic unit
- Bacterial strains were further analyzed by B.I.
- the bacterial strain further has an ITS base sequence having 97% or more homology with the ITS (16S-23S rRNA intergene region) base sequence of Bradyrhizobium genus bacteria, (1), (2), and above.
- a method for cultivating a plant which comprises a step of contacting the microbial material according to any one of (1) to (9) above with the seed or root of the plant, or allowing the microbial material to exist in the vicinity of the root of the plant.
- the microbial material disclosed in this application has nitrogen - fixing ability and N2O reducing ability. Therefore, it is possible to promote the growth of plants and suppress the emission of N2O , which is a greenhouse gas.
- FIG. 1A is an evolutionary tree of Bradyrhizobium genus bacterial strains by AMPHORA (housekeeping gene), and FIG. 1B is a diagram showing the function of each bacterial strain.
- FIG. 2 is a graph in which the occupancy rate of the nodules formed in Example 1 was investigated.
- FIG. 3 is a drawing substitute photograph
- FIG. 3A is a photograph of soybean grown in Example 2
- FIG. 3B is a photograph of soybean grown in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 shows B.I. Wild strains belonging to the ottawaense clade, as well as B. It is a graph which shows the difference of the N 2 O reducing ability of the wild type strain belonging to a nitrous oxide clade, and the mutant strain which enhanced the N 2 O reducing ability.
- FIG. 5A is an evolutionary tree of Bradyrhizobium genus bacterial strains by AMPHORA (housekeeping gene), and FIG. 5B is a diagram showing the function of each bacterial strain.
- FIG. 6 is a drawing substitute photograph, which is a photograph of soybean grown in Example 3 (SG09, SF21, SH12), Comparative Example 2 (USDA110) and Comparative Example 3 (without inoculation).
- FIG. 7 shows the dry weight of soybean root nodules grown in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 (Nodules dry weight), and the number of nodules of soybean grown in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 (Nodules Number).
- FIG. 8 shows B.I. Wild strains belonging to the ottawaense clade, as well as B.
- FIG. 9 shows relatively the N 2 O flux measured values of Example 4 (SG09) and Comparative Example 5 (110 ⁇ H1) when the N 2 O flux measured value of Comparative Example 4 (USDA 110) was set to 1. It is a graph.
- the microbial material disclosed in the present application includes a bacterial strain belonging to the Bradyrhizobium genus ottawaense clade having nitrogen - fixing ability and N2O reducing ability (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as "bacterial strain").
- bacterial strain belongs to the Bradyrhizobium genus ottawaense clade having nitrogen - fixing ability and N2O reducing ability
- microbial material is a microorganism (bacterial strain) itself inoculated into soil or crop seeds for the purpose of improving the growth and health of plants, or a material obtained by adding other components to the microorganism. Means.
- the new bacterial strain disclosed in this application is isolated from the sorghum root of the Fukushima Nihonmatsu field and belongs to Bradyrhizobium.
- the genus Bradyrhizobium is known to have a nitrous oxide clade having an N 2 O reducing ability and a japonicum clade having no N 2 O reducing ability.
- the new bacterial strain disclosed in this application is a good soybean rhizobia isolated in Canada. Included in the ottawaense clade. As a result of investigating the activities of many bacterial strains, the present inventors have found that some bacterial strains have N2O reducing ability but have nitrogen - fixing ability and some do not.
- nitrogen-fixing ability means the ability to convert stable N 2 contained in the atmosphere into another nitrogen compound such as highly reactive NH 3 .
- N 2 O reducing ability means the ability to reduce N 2 O generated in the process of nitrification and denitrification of NH 3 to N 2 .
- the fact that the bacterial strain "has nitrogen-fixing ability and N2O - reducing ability” means that it has a gene that exerts the above-mentioned ability.
- the bacterial strain disclosed in this application belongs to the ottawaense clade, and is not particularly limited as long as it has nitrogen - fixing ability and N2O reducing ability. As will be described later, the presence or absence of nitrogen fixation ability and N2O reduction ability may be measured from the screened bacterial strains.
- B. OO99 which is an ottawaense reference strain
- Bacterial strains disclosed in this application are B. In the evolutionary phylogenetic tree analysis including the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) containing the operational taxonomic unit OO99 and one or more Bradyrhizobium species thereof. It belongs to the clade containing the ottawaense reference strain OO99.
- OTU operational taxonomic unit
- the above OTU refers to a unit obtained when the base sequence of a bacterial essential gene (generally, a 16S ribosomal RNA gene) is classified on a computer using the similarity as an index. If the OTUs are the same, it can be said that they are evolutionarily composed of the same bacterial species.
- the evolutionary tree analysis was performed using AMPHORA for dnaG, frr, infC, nusA, pgk, pyrG, rplA, rplB, rplC, rplD, rplE, rplF, rplK, rplL, rplM, rplN, rplP.
- Bacterial strains were further analyzed by ANI (Average Nucleotide Identity) analysis.
- the ANI value for the ottawaense reference strain OO99 may be 95% or more. If the ANI value is 95% or more, it can be determined to be of the same type.
- the ANI analysis may be performed by a known method.
- the bacterial strain may further have an ITS base sequence having 97% or more homology with the ITS (16S-23S rRNA intergene region) base sequence of Bradyrhizobium genus bacteria.
- ITS is a region used for molecular phylogenetic analysis, and can be said to be the same species if it has 97% or more homology.
- Examples of the bacterial strain include, but are not limited to, SG09, SG11, SF21, SH12 and the like.
- SG09 was received by the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center on January 5, 2021, and the accession number is "NITE P-03361". SG09 was transferred to the Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation as an international deposit based on the Budapest Treaty, and was received on November 8, 2021. The acceptance number is "NITE BP-03361".
- any known medium can be used for culturing the bacterial strain disclosed in this application.
- a solid medium such as a slope medium containing agar and a plate medium can also be used. By using these media, a bacterial strain can be grown to obtain a desired bacterial cell mass.
- any substance that can be assimilated by the above bacterial strain can be used, and sugars such as glucose, galactose, lactose, arabinose, mannose, and malt extract starch hydrolyzate can be exemplified.
- various synthetic or natural products that can be used by bacterial strains such as peptone, meat extract, and yeast extract can be used.
- inorganic salts such as salt and phosphate
- metal salts such as calcium, magnesium and iron
- micronutrient sources such as vitamins and amino acids
- the other components contained in the microbial material are not particularly limited as long as they are components generally contained in the microbial material.
- examples thereof include carriers such as porous materials for adsorbing and stabilizing microorganisms, various organic materials used as nutrient sources during the growth of microorganisms, fertilizer components, other minerals, diluting agents, dispersants and the like.
- the bacterial strains disclosed in this application have nitrogen - fixing ability and N2O reducing ability. Therefore, the microbial material containing the bacterial strain functions not only as a plant growth promoter but also as an agent for suppressing the release of N2O from the field. Examples of plants that promote growth include legumes (soybean, peanut, mung bean, etc.), grasses (sorghum, corn, wheat, barley, etc.) and the like.
- the method for cultivating a plant disclosed in the present application includes a step of contacting the above-mentioned microbial material with the seed or root of the plant or allowing the microbial material to exist in the vicinity of the root of the plant.
- the step promotes the growth of the plant.
- the "root” means a portion in the soil or hydroponic solution that absorbs water and nutrients when a plant is cultivated.
- promoting growth means promoting the growth of the host plant by fixing nitrogen regardless of the presence or absence of nodule formation.
- Bacterial extracts were prepared from surface-sterilized sorghum roots, and the extract was inoculated into soybean seeds to isolate Bradyrhizobium spp. From root nodules formed. The specific procedure is as follows.
- sorghum roots harvested from a field in Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture were washed with 70% ethanol and then immersed in 2.5% NaOCl at room temperature for 10 minutes for surface sterilization. After washing 10 times with sterilized distilled water, the mixture was pulverized using a sterilized milk bowl and a milk stick while freezing in liquid nitrogen. Approximately 200 mL of Tris-HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7.5) was added to the ground product, mixed well, and filtered using Miracloth (Milipore) to remove plant residues.
- Tris-HCl buffer 50 mM, pH 7.5
- ITS array The 16S-23S rRNA intergenic region (ITS) of the isolate was amplified by the PCR method, and then the base sequence was determined by the Sanger method.
- Blend taq registered trademark
- Saeki et al. "Growing of Bradyrhizobium USDA Strines by Sequence Analysis of 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA Transcription Specter Region", Soil. Plant Nutr. , 50 (4), 517-525, 2004, using ITS-F and ITS-R, the composition of the PCR reaction solution shown in Table 1 was carried out under the reaction conditions shown in Table 2.
- the determined ITS sequence was BLAST-searched by NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), and it was confirmed that SG09 and SG11 obtained this time belong to the genus Bradyrhizobium.
- the N2O reduction activity was measured by observing a decrease in the added N2O .
- the target strain was inoculated into 15 mL of HMM medium (Sameshima-Saito et al. 2006) in a 75 mL volume test tube, and pre-cultured at 30 ° C. under aerobic conditions for about 6 hours.
- a butyl rubber stopper was attached to the test tube containing the bacterial solution, and the gas phase was replaced with 4.98% N2O gas ( 95.02% N2 ). Shaking culture was carried out for 12 to 14 hours to induce N2O reduction.
- the medium added to maintain the anaerobic condition and the gas phase in the test tube were degassed with N 2 gas in advance, and the dead space of the plastic syringe and needle to be used was also washed with N 2 gas three times.
- 10 mL of the prepared bacterial solution was transferred to a sterile test tube filled with 100% N2 gas, and the amount of the bacterial solution and the amount of gas phase were adjusted between the strains.
- the volume of the test tube was 73.8 ⁇ 0.2 mL with the butyl rubber stopper attached, and the volume of the gas phase was 63.8 mL.
- FIG. 1A is an evolutionary tree of Bradyrhizobium genus bacterial strains by AMPHORA (housekeeping gene), and FIG. 1B is a diagram showing the function of each bacterial strain.
- N 2 fixation nitrogen fixation
- nodulation nodule formation
- ⁇ indicates that the gene cluster is possessed
- ⁇ indicates that the gene cluster is not possessed.
- Denitrification ⁇ indicates that the gene cluster is possessed, while ⁇ indicates the nos gene cluster ( an enzyme that reduces N2O to N2 , etc.), which is the final process of denitrification. It indicates that there is a gene cluster), and ⁇ indicates that there is no nos gene cluster.
- known Bradyrhizobium genus bacterial strains are shown in FIG. 1 for comparison.
- OO99 which is a known soybean rhizobia contained in the ottawaense clade
- TM102, TM233, and TM239 contained in the ottawaense clade refer to Shintaro Hara et al. , "Identification of Nitrogen-Fixing Bradyrhizobium Associated With Fields of Field-Green Sorghum by Metagenomics 10"
- the SG09 strain showed an ANI value of 99.08% with respect to the OO99 strain.
- the SG09 strain obtained this time is a bacterial strain that is the same as but different from OO99, which is a known soybean root nodule bacterium contained in the ottawaense clade, and (2) a bacterium contained in the ottawaense clade. It was confirmed that some strains had N2O reducing ability but some had nitrogen - fixing ability and some did not.
- a microbial material was prepared by suspending the SG09 strain isolated in the above [isolation of bacterial strain] in sterile water. Next, the SG09 strain and a known soybean rhizobia are B.I.
- a microbial material was prepared by mixing diazoefficiens USDA110 and USDA122 (BCRC number: 13533) belonging to the same cluster in 16S ribosomal RNA gene phylogenetic analysis at a density of 0.5 ⁇ 10 7 cells / mL at a ratio of 1: 1. For more information on USDA122, see Masayuki Sugawara et al.
- FIG. 2 is a graph investigating the occupancy rate of the formed nodules. As is clear from FIG. 2, although the number of cells of the inoculated bacterial strain was the same, the predominance of SG09 in the soybean nodules after 26 days was about 74%. From the above results, the competitive nodule forming ability of SG09 is known as soybean rhizobia. It was found to be superior to diazoefficiens USDA122.
- FIG. 3A shows a photograph of soybean grown in Example 2 on the 26th day after inoculation.
- FIG. 3B shows a photograph of soybean grown in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 shows B.I. Wild strains (SG09, OO99) belonging to the ottawaense clade, as well as B. It is a graph which shows the difference in the N 2 O reducing ability of the wild type strain (USDA110, JCM number: 10833) belonging to the diazoefficiens clade and the mutant strain (USDA110 ⁇ H1, USDA110 ⁇ nasS) whose N2O reducing ability was enhanced by genetic engineering. ..
- USDA110 ⁇ H1 is a mutant strain genetically engineered according to the procedure described in Non-Patent Document 1
- USDA110 ⁇ nasS is a mutant strain genetically engineered according to the procedure described in Non-Patent Document 2.
- the measured value in FIG . 4 is the value measured by the above [Measurement of N2O reducing activity].
- N 2 O reducing ability is about 5.4 times higher than that of USDA110, which is a wild strain belonging to the nitrorous oxide clade, and N 2 O is similar to USDA110 ⁇ H1 and USDA110 ⁇ nasS, which are mutant strains with enhanced N2O reducing ability. It was confirmed that it has a reducing ability. In addition, in the significant difference test performed by Tukey's HSD test, it was confirmed that a and b were significantly different at p ⁇ 0.05.
- FIG. 5A is an evolutionary tree of Bradyrhizobium genus bacterial strains by AMPHORA (housekeeping gene), and FIG. 5B is a diagram showing the function of each bacterial strain.
- the explanations of the symbols ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) in the columns of “N 2 fixation”, “Nodule” and “Denitrification” in FIG. 5B are the same as those in FIG. 1B.
- the SF21 strain showed an ANI value of 99.1% with respect to the OO99 strain
- SH12 The strain showed an ANI value of 99.1% with respect to the OO99 strain.
- SF21 strain and SH12 strain are bacterial strains that are the same as but different from the known soybean rhizobia OO99 contained in the ottawaense clade.
- Microbial materials were prepared by suspending the separated SG09 strain, SF21 strain, and SH12 strain in sterile water so as to have a density of 1 ⁇ 10 9 cells / mL, respectively.
- Five soybean seeds (Glycine max, cv. Enteri) surface-sterilized with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite were sown in a Leonardo jar pot containing sterile vermiculite, and 1 ml of microbial material was inoculated.
- Cultivation was carried out in an artificial meteorological instrument at 25 ° C., 16 hours in the light period / 8 hours in the dark period, and on the 3rd day after sowing, 3 individuals with good germination were left and thinned out, and then cultivated for 27 days.
- the pots were regularly supplied with nitrogen-free hydroponic solution. After cultivation, nodules were collected for each pot. After measuring the number of nodules in each pot, the nodules were dried at 80 ° C. for 48 hours, and the dry weight was immediately measured.
- FIG. 6 shows photographs of soybeans grown in Example 3, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3.
- the growth condition of the soybean inoculated with the microbial material of Example 3 is slightly inferior to that of the microbial material of Comparative Example 2 using the known soybean rhizobia, but the comparative example in which the microbial material was not inoculated. It was better than 3.
- FIG. 7 shows the dry weight of nodules of soybeans grown in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 (Nodules dry weight), and the number of nodules of soybeans grown in Examples 3 and 2 (Nodules Number).
- Nodules dry weight the dry weight of nodules of soybeans grown in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2
- Nodules Number the number of nodules of soybeans grown in Examples 3 and 2
- the soil from the Tohoku University Kashimadai field was used for the nodule aging treatment.
- the soil was sieved with a 2 mm sieve, and 10 g each was placed in a 50 ml centrifuge tube as many as the number of pots.
- 30 ml of distilled water was added to the centrifuge tube, shaken for 10 minutes, and then centrifuged at 5000 g for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was discarded. After repeating this 3 times, 30 ml of distilled water was added to the centrifugal tube and the soil was well suspended.
- the above-ground part was excised and 10 g of soil suspended in 30 ml of distilled water was added to the pot in which the root system (including nodules) remained. After that, the nodules were allowed to age under the conditions of 25 ° C. for 20 days and 16 hours in the light period / 8 hours in the dark period.
- N2 O flux measurement The root system was collected from the pot, placed in a 60 mL glass vial, sealed, and incubated at 25 ° C. for 3 hours. The gas phase was sampled before and after the incubation, and the N2O concentration in the gas phase was measured using an ECD gas chromatograph ( Shimazu, GC2014 ) to determine the N2O flux under atmospheric conditions.
- FIG. 9 shows N 2 O of Example 4 and Comparative Example 5 when the measured value of N 2 O flux of the USDA110 strain of Comparative Example 4 (a wild strain of B. diazoefficiens, which is a known soybean rhizobia) was set to 1. It is a graph which showed the flux measurement value relatively.
- the wild strain SG09 strain (Example 4) can reduce the N 2 O flux of the wild strain USDA110 by about 50%, and can reduce the N 2 O reducing ability by genetic engineering. It was confirmed that the N 2 O flux could be reduced to almost the same level as in Comparative Example 5 which was an enhanced mutant strain (USDA110 ⁇ H1).
- B. Bacterial strains belonging to the ottawaense clade have (1) high N2O reducing ability even in wild strains, ( 2 ) some strains have nitrogen-fixing ability and some do not, and (3) have nitrogen-fixing ability. It was confirmed that the strain coexists with soybean and promotes growth. Therefore, B. has a nitrogen-fixing ability and an N2O - reducing ability.
- the microbial material disclosed in this application By using the microbial material disclosed in this application, it is possible to promote the growth of plants and reduce N2O emissions into the atmosphere. Therefore, the microbial materials disclosed in this application are useful in the agricultural field.
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Abstract
Description
(2)細菌株が、B.ottawaense基準株OO99及びその1以上のBradyrhizobium属別種をOTU(operational taxonomic unit)に含む進化系統樹解析において、B.ottawaense基準株OO99を含むクレードに属する、上記(1)に記載の微生物資材。
(3)進化系統樹解析は、AMPHORAを用いて抽出したdnaG、frr、infC、nusA、pgk、pyrG、rplA、rplB、rplC、rplD、rplE、rplF、rplK、rplL、rplM、rplN、rplP、rplS、rplT、rpmA、rpoB、rpsB、rpsC、rpsE、rpsI、rpsJ、rpsK、rpsM、rpsS、smpBおよびtsf遺伝子がコードするアミノ酸配列を連結してなる連結配列を各OTUについて作成して解析する、上記(2)に記載の微生物資材。
(4)細菌株が、さらに、ANI解析においてB.ottawaense基準株OO99を対象とするANI値が95%以上である、上記(1)または(2)に記載の微生物資材。
(5)細菌株が、さらに、Bradyrhizobium属細菌のITS(16S-23S rRNA遺伝子間領域)塩基配列との相同性が97%以上であるITS塩基配列を有する、上記(1)、(2)、(4)の何れか一つに記載の微生物資材。
(6)細菌株がSG09(受託番号:NITE BP-03361)である、上記(1)~(5)の何れか一つに記載の微生物資材。
(7)細菌株が、SF21(受託番号:NITE BP-03552)またはSH12(受託番号:NITE BP-03553)である、上記(1)~(5)の何れか一つに記載の微生物資材。
(8)植物の生育促進剤として機能する、上記(1)~(7)の何れか一つに記載の微生物資材。
(9)植物がマメ科植物である、上記(8)に記載の微生物資材。
(10)上記(1)~(9)の何れか一つに記載の微生物資材を植物の種子または根部と接触、或いは、植物の根部の近傍に存在させる工程を含む、植物の栽培方法。
(11)窒素固定能およびN2O還元能を有するBradyrhizobium属ottawaenseクレードに属し、
B.ottawaense基準株OO99及びその1以上のBradyrhizobium属別種をOTU(operational taxonomic unit)に含む進化系統樹解析において、B.ottawaense基準株OO99を含むクレードに属する、細菌株。
(12)細菌株がSG09(受託番号:NITE BP-03361)である、上記(11)に記載の細菌株。
(13)細菌株が、SF21(受託番号:NITE BP-03552)またはSH12(受託番号:NITE BP-03553)である、上記(11)に記載の細菌株。
(1)「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値及び上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
(2)数値、数値範囲、及び定性的な表現(例えば、「同一」、「同じ」等の表現)については、当該技術分野において一般的に許容される誤差を含む数値、数値範囲及び性質を示している、
本出願で開示する微生物資材は、窒素固定能およびN2O還元能を有するBradyrhizobium属ottawaenseクレードに属する細菌株(以下、単に「細菌株」と記載することがある。)を含む。なお、本明細書において「微生物資材」とは、植物の生育や健康の向上を目的として土壌または作物種子に接種される微生物(細菌株)自体、または、当該微生物にその他の成分を加えたものを意味する。
・「SF21」:「NITE BP-03552」
・「SH12」:「NITE BP-03553」
本出願で開示する植物の栽培方法は、上記微生物資材を植物の種子または根部と接触、或いは、植物の根部の近傍に存在させる工程を含む。当該工程により、その植物の生育を促進する。なお本明細書において「根部」とは、植物を栽培した場合に土壌中または水耕液中にあって水分や栄養分の吸収を行なう部分を意味する。また、「生育を促進する」とは、根粒形成の有無を問わず窒素固定を行うことで宿主植物の生育を促進することを意味する。
表面殺菌したソルガム根から細菌抽出液を調製し、その抽出液をダイズ種子に接種して形成された根粒からBradyrhizobium属細菌を分離した。具体的な手順は以下のとおりである。
[ITS配列]
分離株の16S-23S rRNA遺伝子間領域(ITS)をPCR法で増幅後、塩基配列をサンガー法で決定した。なお、PCRはパフォーマンス向上のためにBlend taq(登録商標)-plus-(TOYOBO CO.,LTD.,Okasa)を用い、プライマーにはSaeki et al.,“Grouping of Bradyrhizobium USDA Strains by Sequence Analysis of 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer Region”,Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.,50(4),517-525,2004に記載のITS-FおよびITS-Rを用い、表1に示すPCR反応液の組成で、表2に示す反応条件で行った。
分離株のドラフトゲノムの塩基配列情報をDFAST(https://dfast.nig.ac.jp/)にアップロードし、アミノ酸に変換した。系統関係を解析するため、上記した31個のhousekeeping geneのアミノ酸配列をAMPHORA(Wu and Scott,2012)を用いて抽出した。抽出した遺伝子のアミノ酸配列を結合し、MEGA v.7.0(Sudhir Kumar et al.,“MEGA7:Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets”,Mol.Biol.Evol.33(7):1870-1874,2016)を用いてneighbor-joining法(Naruya Saitou et al.,“The Neighbor-joining Method:A New Method for Reconstructing Phylogenetic Trees”,Mol.Biol.Evol.4(4):406-425,1987)で系統樹を描いた(ブートストラップ=1000回)。
ITS配列に基づき97%でOTUを作成した。その結果、分離株は、ottawaenseクレード、diazoefficiensクレードおよびjaponicumクレードに含まれる複数種の細菌株であることを確認した。
N2O還元活性測定は添加したN2Oの減少を観察することによって行った。まず対象菌株を75mL容試験管内の15mLのHMM培地(Sameshima-Saito et al.2006)に接種し、30℃、好気条件で約6時間前培養した。次に菌液が入っている試験管にブチルゴム栓をつけて、気相を4.98%のN2Oガス(95.02% N2)に置換した。12~14時間振とう培養を行い、N2O還元を誘導した。培養液は滅菌済培地と混合して吸光度を約0.05(光路=10mm)に調整した。この際、嫌気条件を保つために添加する培地および試験管内の気相はあらかじめN2ガスで脱気し、使用するプラスティックシリンジおよび針のデットスペースもN2ガスで3回洗浄した。調製済みの菌液10mLを100%N2ガスで充満した滅菌試験管に移し、菌液量および気相量を株間で揃えた。なお、試験管の容量はブチルゴム栓をつけた状態で73.8±0.2mLで、気相の体積は63.8mLであった。試験管に100%N2Oガスを0.65mL導入し、終濃度を約1%に調整した。その時点を0時間としてN2O濃度の減少を経時的に測定した。N2O濃度はガスクロマトグラフィー(Shimazu,GC2014)を用い、以下表3の条件で測定した。
<実施例1>
上記[細菌株の分離]で分離したSG09株を滅菌水で懸濁することで微生物資材を作製した。次に、SG09株と公知のダイズ根粒菌でありB.diazoefficiensUSDA110と16SリボソームRNA遺伝子系統解析において同一クラスターに属するUSDA122(BCRC番号:13533)とを0.5×107cells/mLの密度で1:1の割合で混合した微生物資材を作製した。USDA122の詳細は、Masayuki Sugawara et al.,“Complete Genome Sequence of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA122, a Nitrogen-Fixing Soybean Symbiont”,Genome Announc.2017,doi:10.1128/genomeA.01743-16に記載されている。ダイズ種子(Glycine max, cv. Enteri)を栽培用ポット(レオナルドジャー、土はバーミキュライトを使用)に4粒播種し、上記で調整した菌液(微生物資材)1mLを4回にわけて接種した。この際、菌液が直接ダイズ種子に触れないように、できるだけ離れた位置(1cm程度)から滴下した。ダイズが発芽した後、4粒のうち3粒を間引きし、1ポットあたり1個体を栽培した。栽培は人工気象機(Koito Electric Industries,23℃,16h明・8h暗)にて26日間行った。
<実施例2>
実施例1で作製したSG09株のみを含む微生物資材(SG09株の密度:0.5×107cells/mL)を用い、実施例1と同様の手順でダイズの生育を行った。図3Aに実施例2で生育した、接種してから26日目のダイズの写真を示す。
微生物資材を接種しなかった以外は、実施例2と同様の手順により実験を行った。図3Bに比較例1で生育したダイズの写真を示す。
次に、B.ottawaenseクレードに属する野生株とB.diazoefficiensクレードに属する株のN2O還元能の比較を行った。図4は、B.ottawaenseクレードに属する野生株(SG09、OO99)、並びに、B.diazoefficiensクレードに属する野生株(USDA110、JCM番号:10833)および遺伝子操作によりN2O還元能を強化した変異株(USDA110△H1、USDA110△nasS)のN2O還元能の差を示すグラフである。なお、USDA110△H1は非特許文献1に記載の手順により遺伝子操作した変異株、USDA110△nasSはは非特許文献2に記載の手順により遺伝子操作した変異株である。図4の測定値は、上記[N2O還元活性の測定]により測定した値である。
上記[細菌株の分離]、[ITS配列]、[AMPHORAによる進化系統樹]、[ITS配列に基づくBradyrhizobium属細菌分離株の系統樹]および[N2O還元活性の測定]と同様の手順で、ottawaenseクレードに含まれる他の細菌株の探索を行った。
<実施例3>
分離したSG09株、SF21株およびSH12株を、それぞれ、1×109cells/mLの密度となるように滅菌水に懸濁することで微生物資材を作製した。滅菌バーミキュライトを入れたレオナルドジャーポットに、0.5%次亜塩素酸ナトリウムで表面殺菌したダイズ種子(Glycine max, cv. Enteri)を1ポット当たり5粒播種し、微生物資材を1ml接種した。栽培は人工気象器で25℃、明期16時間/暗期8時間の条件で行い、播種後3日目に発芽状態の良い3個体を残し間引きを行い、その後27日間栽培を行った。ポットには定期的に無窒素水耕液を供給した。栽培後にポットごとに根粒(nodules)の回収を行った。根粒はポットごとに根粒数を測定した後、80℃で48時間乾燥させた直ちに乾燥重量を測定した。
菌株としてB.diazoefficiensUSDA110(JCM番号:10833)を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様の手順により実験を行った。
微生物資材を接種しなかった以外は、実施例3と同様の手順により実験を行った。
次に、細菌株として、USDA110、SG09、SF21およびSH12を用い、上記[N2O還元能の比較]と同様の手順でN2O還元能の比較を行った。図8に結果を示す。図8に示すとおり、B.ottawaenseクレードに属する野生株であるSG09、SF21およびSH12は、いずれも、B.diazoefficiensクレードに属する野生株であるUSDA110よりN2O還元能が高いことを確認した。また、Tukey’s HSD testで行った有意差検定では、a,bはp<0.05で有意に異なることを確認した。
<実施例4>
次に、SG09株の老化根粒N2Oフラックスを測定した。手順を以下に示す。
分離したSG09株を、1×108cells/mLの密度となるように滅菌水に懸濁することで微生物資材を作製した。滅菌バーミキュライトを入れたレオナルドジャーポットに、0.5%次亜塩素酸ナトリウムで表面殺菌したダイズ種子(Glycine max, cv. Enteri)を1ポット当たり3粒播種し、微生物資材を1ml接種した。栽培は人工気象器で25℃、明期16時間/暗期8時間の条件で行い、播種後3日目に発芽状態の良い1個体を残し間引きを行い、その後27日間栽培を行った。ポットには定期的に無窒素水耕液を供給した。
根粒老化処理には東北大鹿島台圃場の土壌を用いた。土壌を2mmのふるいでふるい、10gずつ、ポット数と同数の50ml遠心チューブに入れた。土壌の洗浄を行うため、遠心チューブに蒸留水30mlを加え10分間振とうした後、5000gで10分間遠心分離を行い、上清を捨てた。これを3回繰り返した後、遠心チューブに蒸留水30mlを加え土壌をよく懸濁した。ダイズの根粒老化を人為的に促進させるため、地上部を切除し、蒸留水30mlに懸濁した土壌10gを根系(根粒を含む)が残っているポットに添加した。その後20日間25℃、明期16時間/暗期8時間の条件下に置き根粒老化を進行させた。
ポットから根系を回収し、60mL容のガラスバイアルに入れ密閉し、25℃で3時間インキュベートした。インキュベーション前後で気相のサンプリングを行い、ECDガスクロマトグラフ(Shimazu,G-C2014)を用い気相中のN2O濃度を測定し、大気条件下でのN2Oフラックスを求めた。
SG09株に替え、USDA110株を用いた以外は実施例4と同様の手順で老化根粒N2Oフラックス測定を行った。
SG09株に替え、USDA110△H1株を用いた以外は実施例4と同様の手順で老化根粒N2Oフラックス測定を行った。
Claims (13)
- 窒素固定能およびN2O還元能を有するBradyrhizobium属ottawaenseクレードに属する細菌株を含む微生物資材。
- 細菌株が、B.ottawaense基準株OO99及びその1以上のBradyrhizobium属別種をOTU(operational taxonomic unit)に含む進化系統樹解析において、B.ottawaense基準株OO99を含むクレードに属する、請求項1に記載の微生物資材。
- 進化系統樹解析は、AMPHORAを用いて抽出したdnaG、frr、infC、nusA、pgk、pyrG、rplA、rplB、rplC、rplD、rplE、rplF、rplK、rplL、rplM、rplN、rplP、rplS、rplT、rpmA、rpoB、rpsB、rpsC、rpsE、rpsI、rpsJ、rpsK、rpsM、rpsS、smpBおよびtsf遺伝子がコードするアミノ酸配列を連結してなる連結配列を各OTUについて作成して解析する、請求項2に記載の微生物資材。
- 細菌株が、さらに、ANI解析においてB.ottawaense基準株OO99を対象とするANI値が95%以上である、請求項1または2に記載の微生物資材。
- 細菌株が、さらに、Bradyrhizobium属細菌のITS(16S-23S rRNA遺伝子間領域)塩基配列との相同性が97%以上であるITS塩基配列を有する、請求項1、2、4の何れか一項に記載の微生物資材。
- 細菌株がSG09(受託番号:NITE BP-03361)である、請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の微生物資材。
- 細菌株が、SF21(受託番号:NITE BP-03552)またはSH12(受託番号:NITE BP-03553)である、請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の微生物資材。
- 植物の生育促進剤として機能する、請求項1~7の何れか一項に記載の微生物資材。
- 植物がマメ科植物である、請求項8に記載の微生物資材。
- 請求項1~9の何れか一項に記載の微生物資材を植物の種子または根部と接触、或いは、植物の根部の近傍に存在させる工程を含む、植物の栽培方法。
- 窒素固定能およびN2O還元能を有するBradyrhizobium属ottawaenseクレードに属し、
B.ottawaense基準株OO99及びその1以上のBradyrhizobium属別種をOTU(operational taxonomic unit)に含む進化系統樹解析において、B.ottawaense基準株OO99を含むクレードに属する、細菌株。 - 細菌株がSG09(受託番号:NITE BP-03361)である、請求項11に記載の細菌株。
- 細菌株が、SF21(受託番号:NITE BP-03552)またはSH12(受託番号:NITE BP-03553)である、請求項11に記載の細菌株。
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