WO2022149259A1 - 符号化回路、復号回路、符号化方法、復号方法及びコンピュータプログラム - Google Patents
符号化回路、復号回路、符号化方法、復号方法及びコンピュータプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/25—Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM]
- H03M13/251—Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM] with block coding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
- H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
- H03M13/11—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
- H03M13/1102—Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
- H03M13/1105—Decoding
- H03M13/1111—Soft-decision decoding, e.g. by means of message passing or belief propagation algorithms
- H03M13/1125—Soft-decision decoding, e.g. by means of message passing or belief propagation algorithms using different domains for check node and bit node processing, wherein the different domains include probabilities, likelihood ratios, likelihood differences, log-likelihood ratios or log-likelihood difference pairs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/29—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
- H03M13/2957—Turbo codes and decoding
- H03M13/2978—Particular arrangement of the component decoders
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- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/37—Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups H03M13/03 - H03M13/35
- H03M13/3707—Adaptive decoding and hybrid decoding, e.g. decoding methods or techniques providing more than one decoding algorithm for one code
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/65—Purpose and implementation aspects
- H03M13/6502—Reduction of hardware complexity or efficient processing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
- H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
- H03M13/11—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
- H03M13/1102—Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
- H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
- H03M13/13—Linear codes
- H03M13/15—Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes
- H03M13/151—Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes using error location or error correction polynomials
- H03M13/152—Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coding circuit, a decoding circuit, a coding method, a decoding method, and a computer program.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration of a conventional communication system using SDD as a decoding method.
- the conventional communication system includes a transmitting device 5 and a receiving device 6.
- the transmitting device 5 and the receiving device 6 are connected to each other via the communication path 7.
- the transmission device 5 includes a coding circuit 51 and a symbol mapper 52.
- the coding circuit 51 includes a encoder 511.
- the encoder 511 encodes the data to be transmitted (hereinafter referred to as “data to be transmitted”).
- the symbol mapper 52 maps the transmission target data encoded by the encoder 511 according to the modulation method to generate transmission data.
- the transmitting device 5 transmits the generated transmission data to the receiving device 6 via the communication path 7.
- the transmission data transmitted via the communication path 7 is received by the receiving device 6 with the addition of noise generated in the communication path 7.
- the receiving device 6 includes a symbol demapper 61 and a decoding circuit 62.
- the symbol demapper 61 receives the transmission data transmitted via the communication path 7 and demodulates the received transmission data.
- the decoding circuit 62 includes a decoder 621.
- the decoder 621 decodes the demodulated transmission data. For example, the decoder 621 decodes the transmission data using the SDD.
- an HDD Hard-Decision Decoding
- the configuration using the HDD as the decoding method is different from the configuration using the SDD in that the decoder 621 shown in FIG. 9 decodes the transmission data using the HDD.
- FIG. 10 shows a configuration of a conventional communication system in which a transmitting device has a plurality of encoders and a receiving device has a plurality of decoders. Note that FIG. 10 shows a configuration in which an HDD is used by some decoders as a decoding method.
- the conventional communication system includes a transmitting device 5a and a receiving device 6a.
- the transmitting device 5a and the receiving device 6a are connected to each other via the communication path 7.
- the transmission device 5a includes a coding circuit 51a and a symbol mapper 52.
- the coding circuit 51a includes an S / P circuit 512, encoders 511-1 to 511-2, and a P / S circuit 513.
- the S / P circuit 512 divides the transmission target data into a plurality of data by performing serial-parallel conversion of the input transmission target data. The divided data is input to different encoders 511-1 to 511-2.
- the encoders 511-1 to 511-2 encode the input data.
- the P / S circuit 513 converts the coded data output from the encoders 511-1 to 511-2 into series data by parallel serial conversion.
- the symbol mapper 52 maps the data converted by the P / S circuit 513 according to the modulation method to generate transmission data.
- the receiving device 6a includes a symbol demapper 61 and a decoding circuit 62a.
- the symbol demapper 61 receives the transmission data transmitted via the communication path 7 and demodulates the received transmission data.
- the decoding circuit 62a includes an S / P circuit 622, decoders 621-1 to 621-2, and a P / S circuit 623.
- the S / P circuit 622 divides the transmitted data into a plurality of data by performing serial-parallel conversion of the demodulated transmission data. The divided data is input to different decoders 621-1 to 621-2.
- the decoders 621-1 to 621-2 decode the input data.
- the decoder 621-1 decodes the data using the SDD
- the decoder 621-2 decodes the data using the HDD.
- the P / S circuit 623 converts the decoded data output from the decoders 621-1 to 621-2 into series data by parallel serial conversion.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of performing decoding with high accuracy while reducing the amount of calculation in decoding.
- One aspect of the present invention is a coding circuit used for coherent digital signal processing, which is a serial parallel circuit that divides input data into a plurality of divided data by serial-parallel conversion, and the divided data.
- a bit sequence is converted to make the amount of noise generated by the communication path non-uniform between a plurality of encoders that are encoded by adding an error correction code and a plurality of divided data encoded by each of the plurality of encoders.
- It is a coding circuit including a bit conversion circuit.
- One aspect of the present invention is a decoding circuit used for coherent digital signal processing, which is a serial parallel circuit that divides input data into a plurality of divided data by serial-parallel conversion, and the plurality of divided data.
- Decoding including a likelihood calculation circuit that calculates the likelihood of decoding based on information of noise generated in a communication path, and a plurality of decoders that decode the plurality of divided data using the likelihood as an input. It is a circuit.
- One aspect of the present invention is a coding method used for coherent digital signal processing, in which input data is divided into a plurality of divided data by serial-parallel conversion, and an error correction code is applied to the divided data. It is a coding method that adds and encodes and converts a bit sequence in order to make the amount of noise generated by a communication path non-uniform among a plurality of coded divided data.
- One aspect of the present invention is a decoding method used for coherent digital signal processing, in which input data is divided into a plurality of divided data by serial-parallel conversion, and is generated in the plurality of divided data and a communication path.
- This is a decoding method in which the likelihood of decoding is calculated based on the information of the noise to be generated, and the plurality of divided data are decoded by using the likelihood as an input.
- One aspect of the present invention is to divide the input data into a plurality of divided data by serial-parallel conversion of the input data, add an error correction code to the divided data, encode the divided data, and encode the plurality of data. It is a computer program for executing a process of converting a bit sequence in order to make the amount of noise generated by a communication path non-uniform among the divided data of.
- One aspect of the present invention divides the input data into a plurality of divided data by serial-parallel conversion of the input data, and decodes the data based on the plurality of divided data and the information of noise generated in the communication path. It is a computer program for calculating the likelihood of the above and using the likelihood as an input to execute a process of decoding the plurality of divided data.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a communication system according to the first embodiment.
- the communication system includes a transmitting device 1 and a receiving device 2.
- the transmitting device 1 and the receiving device 2 are connected to each other via a communication path 3.
- the communication path 3 is an AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) communication path.
- the communication system uses coherent DSP technology.
- the transmission device 1 includes a coding circuit 10 and a symbol mapper 11.
- the coding circuit 10 includes an S / P circuit 110, a plurality of encoders 120-1 to 120-2, a bit conversion circuit 130, and a P / S circuit 140.
- the coding circuit 10 newly includes a bit conversion circuit 130 as compared with the conventional coding circuit 51a shown in FIG.
- the S / P circuit 110 divides the transmission target data into a plurality of data by performing serial-parallel conversion of the input transmission target data.
- the encoders 120-1 to 120-2 encode the input data.
- the encoder 120-1 encodes data using an LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) code
- the encoder 120-2 encodes data using a BCH code. That is, the coder 120-1 is a coder using SDD, and the coder 120-2 is a coder using HDD.
- LDPC Low-Density Parity-Check
- the bit conversion circuit 130 converts a bit sequence of encoded data in order to make the noise generated in each code non-uniform in the time division direction.
- the P / S circuit 140 converts the converted data output from the bit conversion circuit 130 into series data by parallel serial conversion.
- the symbol mapper 11 maps the data converted by the P / S circuit 140 according to the modulation method to generate transmission data. For example, the symbol mapper 11 uses BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) as the modulation method.
- BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
- the receiving device 2 includes a symbol demapper 20 and a decoding circuit 21.
- the symbol demapper 20 receives the transmission data transmitted via the communication path 3, and demodulates the received transmission data by a demodulation method corresponding to the modulation method.
- the symbol demapper 20 uses BPSK as the demodulation method.
- the decoding circuit 21 includes an S / P circuit 210, a likelihood calculation circuit 220, decoders 230-1 to 230-2, and a P / S circuit 240.
- the decoding circuit 21 is newly provided with a likelihood calculation circuit 220 as compared with the conventional decoding circuit 62a shown in FIG.
- the S / P circuit 210 divides the transmission data into a plurality of data by performing serial-parallel conversion of the transmission data demodulated by the symbol demapper 20.
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 calculates the likelihood based on the data output from the S / P circuit 210 and the communication path information.
- the channel information represents the distribution of noise in the channel 3.
- the most typical communication system is the Gaussian distribution with mean ⁇ variance ⁇ .
- the communication path information can be measured by a spectrum analyzer or the like. It is assumed that the communication path information has been measured in advance and stored in the likelihood calculation circuit 220.
- the decoders 230-1 to 230-2 decode the input data.
- the decoder 230-1 decodes the data using the SDD
- the decoder 230-2 decodes the data using the HDD.
- the P / S circuit 240 converts the decrypted data output from the decoders 230-1 to 230-2 into series data by parallel serial conversion.
- noise is made non-uniform by conversion by the bit conversion circuit 130. Then, after separating into a communication path having a large noise (for example, a communication path in which the amount of noise is equal to or more than the threshold value) and a communication path having a small noise amount (for example, a communication path in which the amount of noise is less than the threshold value), the communication having a large amount of noise is performed. SDD is applied to the path, and HDD is applied to the communication path with low noise.
- the permissible "performance deterioration amount” is defined, and the “number of divisions (number of coders 120 and decoders 230)" is limited due to the relationship between the delay amount and the circuit scale.
- the purpose is to reduce the decoding power as much as possible (that is, replace it with an HDD).
- the following (1) to (4) are performed before the start of the process.
- the user measures the amount of noise in the entire communication system.
- the amount of noise in the entire communication system can be measured by, for example, a spectrum analyzer or the like.
- the code 1 to the code l (l is an integer of 2 or more) used by each of the coders 120-1 to 120-l. Calculate the amount of noise.
- the amount of noise from reference numeral 1 to reference numeral l may be calculated theoretically, or may be obtained by the Monte Carlo method with a plurality of bit strings. The calculation method in the case of theoretical calculation is calculated by the formula (6) described later.
- the user calculates FEC-OH (Forward Error Correction-Over Head) of the code applied by the encoder 120 according to each noise amount.
- FEC-OH Forward Error Correction-Over Head
- a method of calculating FEC-OH of the code applied by the coder 120 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the encoder 120 it is necessary to add the redundant bit mbit shown in FIG. 3 to the information bit kbit according to the amount of noise N0 generated in the communication path 3 for error correction.
- the amount of noise generated in the communication path 3 corresponds to the amount of noise in the entire communication system.
- the upper bound of FEC-OH degree of redundancy
- the user replaces the decoding method used in the decoder 230 from SDD to HDD as much as possible according to the permissible amount of performance deterioration.
- the HDD is replaced with priority from the place where FEC-OH is small.
- the reason for preferentially replacing the HDD with the HDD from the place where the FEC-OH is small is that when the FEC-OH is small, the deterioration when the SDD is replaced with the HDD is small (see Non-Patent Document 2).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific configuration of the bit conversion circuit 130 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the bit conversion circuit 130 when the coding circuit 10 includes two encoders 120-1 and 120-2.
- the symbol represented by reference numeral 131 in FIG. 4 represents an exclusive OR for each bit.
- the bit conversion circuit 130 obtains an exclusive logical sum of the codeword x (1) output from the codeword 120-1 and the codeword x (2) output from the codeword 120-2. Convert x (1) to the codeword-x (1) (where "-" in -x is above x, and so on). Further, the bit conversion circuit 130 converts the codeword x (2) output from the encoder 120-2 into the codeword-x (2).
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the transmission device 1 in the first embodiment.
- the encoder 120-1 encodes the data u (1) output from the S / P circuit 110 (step S102-1). As a result, the encoder 120-1 acquires the data x (1) of n / 2 bits which is a code word. Here, n represents the length of the entire code. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the encoder 120-1 acquires n / 2 bit data x (1) . The encoder 120-1 outputs the acquired codeword to the bit conversion circuit 130.
- the encoder 120-2 encodes the data u (2) output from the S / P circuit 110 (step S102-2). As a result, the encoder 120-2 acquires the data x (2) of n / 2 bits which is a code word. In the first embodiment, the encoder 120-2 acquires n / 2 bit data x (2) . The encoder 120-2 outputs the acquired codeword to the bit conversion circuit 130.
- the bit conversion circuit 130 acquires codewords output from the encoders 120-1 and 120-2, respectively.
- the bit conversion circuit 130 converts the bit string of the acquired codeword. Specifically, the bit conversion circuit 130 converts the data x (1) output from the encoder 120-1 into the data-x (1) (step S103-1).
- the bit conversion circuit 130 converts the data x (2) output from the encoder 120-2 into the data-x (2) (step S103-2).
- the bit conversion circuit 130 outputs the converted data-x (1) and data-x (2) to the P / S circuit 140.
- the P / S circuit 140 converts the data-x (1) and the data-x (2) output from the bit conversion circuit 130 into series data by parallel serial conversion (step S104). Specifically, the P / S circuit 140 combines data-x (1) and data-x (2 ) to generate n-bit data-x (-x (1) , -x (2) ). do. The P / S circuit 140 outputs the data-x to the symbol mapper 11. The symbol mapper 11 maps the data-x converted by the P / S circuit 140 according to the modulation method to generate transmission data (step S105). The coding circuit 10 transmits the generated transmission data to the receiving device 2 (step S106).
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the receiving device 2 in the first embodiment.
- the symbol demapper 20 receives the transmission data transmitted through the communication path 3 (step S201).
- the symbol demapper 20 demodulates the received transmission data (step S202).
- the symbol demapper 20 outputs the demodulated data y to the S / P circuit 210.
- the S / P circuit 210 divides the data y into a plurality of data by serial-parallel conversion of the data y output from the symbol demapper 20 (step S203). Specifically, the S / P circuit 210 divides the data y (y (1) , y (2) ) into the data y (1) and the data y (2) .
- the S / P circuit 210 outputs the divided data y (1) and data y (2) to the likelihood calculation circuit 220.
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 calculates the likelihood based on the data y (1) and the data y (2) output from the S / P circuit 210 and the communication path information P1 (step S204).
- the channel information P1 is represented by the following equation (2).
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 outputs the calculation result to the decoder 230-1.
- the decoder 230-1 decodes the calculation result output from the likelihood calculation circuit 220 (step S205).
- the decoder 230-1 has the estimated codeword ⁇ x (1) (“ ⁇ ” in ⁇ x is above x, the same applies hereinafter) and the estimated information ⁇ u (1) (“ ⁇ ” in ⁇ u. Gets on top of u, and so on).
- the estimated codeword represents an estimated codeword.
- the estimation information represents the estimation result of the divided data.
- the decoder 230-1 outputs the estimated codeword ⁇ x (1) to the likelihood calculation circuit 220 and outputs the estimated information ⁇ u (1) to the P / S circuit 240.
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 calculates the likelihood based on the estimated codeword ⁇ x (1) output from the decoder 230-1 and the channel information P1 (step S207). Specifically, the likelihood calculation circuit 220 calculates the likelihood P12 based on the following equation (4).
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 outputs the calculation result to the decoder 230-2.
- the decoder 230-2 decodes the calculation result output from the likelihood calculation circuit 220 (step S208). As a result, the decoder 230-2 acquires the estimated codeword ⁇ x (2) and the estimated information ⁇ u (2) .
- the decoder 230-2 outputs the estimated codeword ⁇ x (2) to the likelihood calculation circuit 220 and outputs the estimated information ⁇ u (2) to the P / S circuit 240.
- the P / S circuit 240 serially converts the estimated information ⁇ u (1) output from the decoder 230-1 and the estimated information ⁇ u (2) output from the decoder 230-2 in parallel and serially. (Step S210). Specifically, the P / S circuit 240 combines the estimated information ⁇ u (1) and the estimated information ⁇ u (2 ) to generate the estimated information ⁇ u ( ⁇ u (1) , ⁇ u (2) ). do.
- the evaluation result using the method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 7.
- the LDPC code is used in the encoder 120-1
- the BCH code is used in the encoder 120-2.
- FIG. 7 for comparison, when the LDPC code and the BCH code are used equally in the conventional configuration 3 shown in FIG. 10, for example, the LDPC code in the encoder 511-1 and the BCH code BER in the encoder 511-2. The average of was also calculated.
- the decoder 621 uses an SDD in FIG.
- the decoder 621 uses an HDD in FIG. 9.
- the configuration of the present invention reduces the performance deterioration as compared with the case where the BCH code which is the HDD and the SDD and the HDD are assigned as in the conventional configuration 3.
- the coding circuit 10 uses codewords 120-1 to 120-l of a plurality of error correction codes and codewords output from the plurality of coding machines 120-1 to 120-l in a bit sequence. It is provided with a bit conversion circuit that makes the amount of noise generated in the engine non-uniform.
- the decoding circuit 21 includes a likelihood calculation circuit 220 that calculates the likelihood information of decoding based on the communication path information, and a plurality of decoders 230-1 to 230-l that output the decoding information by inputting the likelihood information. ..
- the output of the decoded information by the decoder 230 is sequentially executed by the plurality of decoders 230-1 to 230-l.
- Each decoder 230 decodes the data by inputting the likelihood information updated by the likelihood calculation circuit 220 based on the decoding information output by the immediately preceding decoder 230.
- the decoder 230 is designed to use a decoder 230 that uses an HDD for decoding data with a small amount of noise and a decoder 230 that uses an SDD for decoding data with a large amount of noise. It is possible to perform high-precision decoding while reducing the amount of calculation.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a system configuration of the communication system according to the second embodiment.
- the communication system includes a transmitting device 1 Vietnamese and a receiving device 2 réelle.
- the transmitting device 1 Vietnamese and the receiving device 2 réelle are connected to each other via the communication path 3.
- the transmission device 1a includes a coding circuit 10a and a symbol mapper 11.
- the coding circuit 10a is different in configuration from the coding circuit 10 in that it is provided with l units of the coding device 120.
- the basic operation performed by the coding circuit 10a is the same as that of the coding circuit 10.
- the receiving device 2a includes a symbol demapper 20 and a decoding circuit 21a.
- the decoding circuit 21a is different in configuration from the decoding circuit 21 in that it includes one decoder 230.
- the basic operation performed by the decoding circuit 21a is the same as that of the decoding circuit 21.
- the S / P circuit 110 outputs the divided data u (1) to data u (l) to the corresponding encoders 120-1 to 120-l.
- the encoders 120-1 to 120-l encode the data u (1) to the data u (l) output from the S / P circuit 110 in step S102. As a result, the encoders 120-1 to 120-l acquire data x (1) to data x (l) of n / l bits, which are codewords. The encoders 120-1 to 120-l output the acquired codewords to the bit conversion circuit 130.
- the bit conversion circuit 130 acquires the codeword output from each of the encoders 120-1 to 120-l as step S103.
- the bit conversion circuit 130 converts the bit string of the acquired codeword. Specifically, the bit conversion circuit 130 converts data x (1) to data x (l) output from each of the encoders 120-1 to 120-l into data-x (1) to data-x (l). Convert to.
- the bit conversion circuit 130 outputs the converted data-x (1) to data-x (l) to the P / S circuit 140.
- the processing of steps S105 and S106 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the P / S circuit 140 converts the data-x (1) to the data-x (l) output from the bit conversion circuit 130 in step S104 into serial data by performing parallel serial conversion. Specifically, the P / S circuit 140 combines data-x (1) to data-x (l) to form n-bit data-x (-x (1) , ...,-X (l ). ) ) Is generated. The P / S circuit 140 outputs the data-x to the symbol mapper 11.
- the symbol demapper 20 receives the transmission data transmitted through the communication path 3 in step S201.
- the symbol demapper 20 demodulates the received transmission data in step S202.
- the symbol demapper 20 outputs the demodulated data y to the S / P circuit 210.
- the S / P circuit 210 divides the data y into a plurality of data by performing serial-parallel conversion of the data y output from the symbol demapper 20. Specifically, the S / P circuit 210 divides the data y (y (1) , ..., Y (l) ) into the data y (1) , ..., Y (l) .
- the S / P circuit 210 outputs the divided data y (1) , ..., Y (l) to the likelihood calculation circuit 220.
- step S204 to step S209 The processing from step S204 to step S209 is performed as follows in the second embodiment.
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 calculates the likelihood based on the data y (1) , ..., Y (l) output from the S / P circuit 210 and the communication path information P2.
- the channel information P2 is represented by the following equation (5).
- j in the equation (5) is an integer of 1 or more.
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 calculates the likelihood P21 based on the following equation (6).
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 outputs the calculation result to the decoder 230-j.
- the decoder 230-j decodes the calculation result output from the likelihood calculation circuit 220 (step S205). As a result, the decoder 230-j acquires the estimated codeword ⁇ x (j) and the estimated information ⁇ u (j) .
- the decoder 230-j outputs the estimated codeword ⁇ x (j) to the likelihood calculation circuit 220 and outputs the estimated information ⁇ u (j) to the P / S circuit 240.
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 repeats the above process l times by incrementing j from 1 to l in order.
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 performs the following processing.
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 calculates the likelihood based on the estimated codeword ⁇ x (1) output from the decoder 230-1 and the channel information P2.
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 outputs the calculation result to the decoder 230-2, and is based on the estimated codeword ⁇ x (2) output from the decoder 230-2 and the communication path information P2.
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 outputs the calculation result to the decoder 230-3, and is based on the estimated codeword ⁇ x (3) output from the decoder 230-3 and the communication path information P2.
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 calculates the likelihood using the decoding result of the previous decoder 230 and the communication path information.
- step S210 the P / S circuit 240 converts the estimated information ⁇ u (1) to ⁇ u (l) output from the decoders 230-1 to 230-l into serial data by performing parallel serial conversion. .. Specifically, the P / S circuit 240 combines the estimated information ⁇ u (1) to ⁇ u (l) to estimate the information ⁇ u ( ⁇ u (1) , ..., ⁇ U (l) ). To generate.
- the same effect as that in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- it can be applied even when the transmitting device 1a has three or more encoders 120 and the receiving device 2a has three or more decoders 230. Therefore, it becomes possible to improve convenience.
- the performance deterioration is reduced as a result. This is because the noise becomes more non-uniform, so there are many places where the noise is very small. Then, the number of places where the FEC-OH is small increases, and the performance deterioration at the time of replacing the HDD is reduced. On the other hand, if the number of divisions is increased, the delay becomes large. The reason is that in the likelihood calculation in the likelihood calculation circuit 220, the next likelihood cannot be calculated without waiting for the result of the code in the previous stage, so that the delay increases linearly. Further, since many codes are required and the likelihood calculation circuit 220 becomes complicated, the circuit scale also becomes large. Therefore, performance deterioration can be reduced by increasing the number of divisions as much as possible while satisfying the allowable delay amount.
- the bit conversion circuit 130 may be configured by using another method of constructing a kernel of Polar code described in References 1 and 2.
- References 1 and 2. References 1 and 2.
- the likelihood calculation circuit 220 may calculate the likelihood by another Polar code decoding method described in Reference 3. (Reference 3: I. Tal et al., “List Decoding of Polar Codes”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 61 (5) 2213, (2015))
- the bit conversion circuit 130 and the likelihood calculation circuit 220 may be non-uniform in the spatial direction and the frequency axis direction.
- Some functional units for example, coding circuits 10, 10a included in the transmitting devices 1, 1a and some functional units (for example, decoding circuits 21, 21a) included in the receiving devices 2, 2a in the above-described embodiment. It may be realized by a computer. In that case, a program for realizing this function may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on the recording medium may be read by a computer system and executed.
- the term "computer system” as used herein includes hardware such as an OS and peripheral devices.
- the "computer-readable recording medium” refers to a portable medium such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, or a CD-ROM, and a storage device such as a hard disk built in a computer system.
- a "computer-readable recording medium” is a communication line for transmitting a program via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line, and dynamically holds the program for a short period of time. It may also include a program that holds a program for a certain period of time, such as a volatile memory inside a computer system that is a server or a client in that case. Further, the above program may be for realizing a part of the above-mentioned functions, and may be further realized for realizing the above-mentioned functions in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system. It may be realized by using a programmable logic device such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- the present invention can be applied to a communication system using a plurality of encoders and decoders.
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Abstract
Description
シンボルデマッパ61は、通信路7を介して伝送された送信データを受信し、受信した送信データを復調する。復号回路62は、復号器621を備える。復号器621は、復調された送信データを復号する。例えば、復号器621は、SDDを用いて送信データを復号する。
シンボルデマッパ61は、通信路7を介して伝送された送信データを受信し、受信した送信データを復調する。復号回路62aは、S/P回路622、復号器621-1~621-2及びP/S回路623を備える。S/P回路622は、復調された送信データをシリアルパラレル変換することによって、送信データを複数のデータに分割する。分割されたデータは、異なる復号器621-1~621-2に入力される。復号器621-1~621-2は、入力されたデータを復号する。例えば、復号器621-1はSDDを用いてデータを復号し、復号器621-2はHDDを用いてデータを復号する。P/S回路623は、復号器621-1~621-2から出力された復号後のデータをパラレルシリアル変換することによって直列のデータに変換する。
(第1の実施形態)
図1は、第1の実施形態における通信システムのシステム構成を表す図である。通信システムは、送信装置1及び受信装置2を備える。送信装置1と受信装置2とは、通信路3を介して接続される。なお、以下の説明では、通信路3は、AWGN(Additive White Gaussian Noise)通信路であるとする。通信システムでは、コヒーレントDSP技術を用いる。
符号化回路10は、S/P回路110、複数の符号器120-1~120-2、ビット変換回路130及びP/S回路140を備える。符号化回路10は、図10に示す従来の符号化回路51aに比べて、新たにビット変換回路130を備える。
符号器120-1~120-2は、入力されたデータを符号化する。例えば、符号器120-1はLDPC(Low-Density Parity-Check)符号を用いてデータを符号化し、符号器120-2はBCH符号を用いてデータを符号化する。すなわち、符号器120-1はSDDを用いる符号器であり、符号器120-2はHDDを用いる符号器である。
P/S回路140は、ビット変換回路130から出力された変換後のデータをパラレルシリアル変換することによって直列のデータに変換する。
シンボルマッパ11は、P/S回路140によって変換されたデータを変調方式に応じてマッピングして送信データを生成する。例えば、シンボルマッパ11は、変調方式としてBPSK(Binary Phase Shift Keying)を用いるものとする。
シンボルデマッパ20は、通信路3を介して伝送された送信データを受信し、受信した送信データを、変調方式に対応した復調方式で復調する。例えば、シンボルデマッパ20は、復調方式としてBPSKを用いるものとする。
復号回路21は、S/P回路210、尤度計算回路220、復号器230-1~230-2及びP/S回路240を備える。復号回路21は、図10に示す従来の復号回路62aに比べて、新たに尤度計算回路220を備える。
尤度計算回路220は、S/P回路210から出力されたデータと、通信路情報とに基づいて尤度を算出する。通信路情報は、通信路3の雑音の分布を表す。通信システムで最も典型的であるのは、平均μ分散σのガウス分布である。通信路情報は、スペクトルアナライザ等で測定可能である。通信路情報は、予め計測されていて、尤度計算回路220に記憶されているものとする。
P/S回路240は、復号器230-1~230-2から出力された復号後のデータをパラレルシリアル変換することによって直列のデータに変換する。
まず本発明の大まかな流れについて説明する。本発明では、ビット変換回路130による変換によって雑音を不均一化させる。そして、雑音の大きい通信路(例えば、雑音の量が閾値以上の通信路)と、雑音の小さい通信路(例えば、雑音の量が閾値未満の通信路)に分離させた後、雑音の大きい通信路にはSDDを、雑音の小さい通信路にはHDDを適用する。
上記の目的を実現するために、以下の(1)~(4)が、処理の開始以前に行われる。
(1)ユーザは、通信システム全体の雑音量を計測する。通信システム全体の雑音量は、例えばスペクトルアナライザ等で計測することができる。
(2)ユーザは、事前の計測により予め通信システム全体の雑音量がわかっているため、符号器120-1~120-lそれぞれが用いる符号1から符号l(lは2以上の整数)までの雑音量を計算する。符号1から符号lまでの雑音量は、理論的に計算してもよいし、複数のビット列をおくりモンテカルロ法にて求めてもよい。理論的に計算する場合の計算方法は、後述の式(6)により算出される。
(4)ユーザは、性能劣化許容量に応じて、可能な限り復号器230において用いる復号方式をSDDからHDDに置き換える。基本的にFEC-OHが小さい箇所から優先してHDDに置き換える。FEC-OHが小さい箇所から優先してHDDに置き換える理由としては、FEC-OHが小さいとSDDからHDDに置き換えたときの劣化も小さいためである(非特許文献2参照)。
図4における符号131で示す記号は、ビット毎の排他的論理和を表す。ビット変換回路130は、符号器120-1から出力された符号語x(1)と、符号器120-2から出力された符号語x(2)との排他的論理和を求めることで符号語x(1)を符号語-x(1)(-xにおける“-”はxの上につく、以下同様)に変換する。さらに、ビット変換回路130は、符号器120-2から出力された符号語x(2)を符号語-x(2)に変換する。
S/P回路110は、入力された送信対象データuをシリアルパラレル変換することによって、送信対象データuを複数のデータに分割する(ステップS101)。具体的には、S/P回路110は、kビットのデータu∈{0,1}kをk1ビットのデータu(1),k2ビットのデータu(2)に分割(k1+k2=k)する。S/P回路110は、分割後のデータu(1)を符号器120-1に出力し、データu(2)を符号器120-2に出力する。
シンボルデマッパ20は、通信路3を伝送してきた送信データを受信する(ステップS201)。シンボルデマッパ20は、受信した送信データを復調する(ステップS202)。シンボルデマッパ20は、復調後のデータyをS/P回路210に出力する。S/P回路210は、シンボルデマッパ20から出力されたデータyをシリアルパラレル変換することによって、データyを複数のデータに分割する(ステップS203)。具体的には、S/P回路210は、データy(y(1),y(2))をデータy(1),データy(2)に分割する。S/P回路210は、分割後のデータy(1)及びデータy(2)を尤度計算回路220に出力する。
AWGN環境下、BPSK変調時のLDPC符号、BCH符号のEb/N0-BER特性をそれぞれ評価した。本発明では、符号器120-1でLDPC符号、符号器120-2でBCH符号を用いている。図7では、比較のため、図10に示す従来構成3にてLDPC符号とBCH符号とを均等に用いた場合、例えば符号器511-1でLDPC符号、符号器511-2でBCH符号のBERの平均も算出した。図7に示す従来構成1は図9において復号器621がSDDを用いる構成であり、従来構成2は図9において復号器621がHDDを用いる構成である。図7のグラフに示すように、HDDであるBCH符号や、SDDとHDDを従来構成3のように割り当てた場合に比べ、本発明の構成により性能劣化が低減されることが確認できる。
第1の実施形態では、符号化回路が備える符号器の数が2台、復号回路が備える復号器の数が2台の場合を例に説明した。符号化回路が備える符号器及び復号回路が備える復号器の数は、2台以上であればよい。そこで、第2の実施形態では、符号器及び復号器が2台に限られない場合の構成について説明する。
受信装置2aは、シンボルデマッパ20及び復号回路21aを備える。復号回路21aは、復号器230をl台備える点で復号回路21と構成が異なる。一方で、復号回路21aが行う基本的な動作は、復号回路21と同様である。
S/P回路110は、ステップS101においてkビットのデータu∈{0,1}kをk1ビットのデータu(1),・・・,klビットのデータu(l)に分割(k1+k2+・・・+kl=k)する。S/P回路110は、分割後のデータu(1)~データu(l)それぞれを対応する符号器120-1~120-lに出力する。
シンボルデマッパ20は、ステップS201において、通信路3を伝送してきた送信データを受信する。シンボルデマッパ20は、ステップS202において、受信した送信データを復調する。シンボルデマッパ20は、復調後のデータyをS/P回路210に出力する。S/P回路210は、ステップS203において、シンボルデマッパ20から出力されたデータyをシリアルパラレル変換することによって、データyを複数のデータに分割する。具体的には、S/P回路210は、データy(y(1),・・・,y(l))をデータy(1),・・・,y(l)に分割する。S/P回路210は、分割後のデータy(1),・・・,y(l)を尤度計算回路220に出力する。
尤度計算回路220は、S/P回路210から出力されたデータy(1),・・・,y(l)と、通信路情報P2とに基づいて尤度を算出する。ここで、通信路情報P2が以下の式(5)で表されるものとする。なお、式(5)におけるjは、1以上の整数である。
上記のように、尤度計算回路220は、1つ前の復号器230の復号結果と、通信路情報とを用いて尤度を算出する。
第2の実施形態における通信システムでは、送信装置1aが符号器120を3台以上備え、受信装置2aが復号器230を3台以上備える場合においても適用することができる。そのため、利便性を向上させることが可能になる。
一方で、分割数を増やすと、遅延が大きくなってしまう。その理由としては、尤度計算回路220における尤度計算では、前段の符号の結果を待たないと次の尤度の計算できないため、遅延が線形に増加するためである。さらに、多くの符号を必要になったり、尤度計算回路220が複雑になるため、回路規模も大きくなってしまう。そのため、許容遅延量を満たしつつ、できるだけ分割数を多くすることで性能劣化を低減することができる。
ビット変換回路130は、参考文献1及び2に記載の他のPolar符号のkernelの構成法を用いて構成しても良い。
(参考文献1:F. Gabry et al., “Multi-Kernel Construction of Polar Codes”, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), pp. 761-765 (2017))
(参考文献2:H. Lin et al., “Linear and Nonlinear Binary Kernels of Polar Codes of Small Dimensions With Maximum Exponents”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 61(10), 5253, (2015))
(参考文献3:I. Tal et al., “List Decoding of Polar Codes”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 61(5) 2213, (2015))
Claims (7)
- コヒーレントデジタル信号処理に用いられる符号化回路であって、
入力されたデータをシリアルパラレル変換することによって複数の分割データに分割するシリアルパラレル回路と、
前記分割データに対して誤り訂正符号を付加して符号化する複数の符号器と、
複数の符号器それぞれによって符号化された複数の分割データ間で通信路により発生する雑音量を不均一にするためにビット系列を変換するビット変換回路と、
を備える符号化回路。 - コヒーレントデジタル信号処理に用いられる復号回路であって、
入力されたデータをシリアルパラレル変換することによって複数の分割データに分割するシリアルパラレル回路と、
前記複数の分割データと、通信路において発生する雑音の情報とに基づいて、復号の尤度を算出する尤度計算回路と、
前記尤度を入力として、前記複数の分割データを復号する複数の復号器と、
を備える復号回路。 - 前記尤度計算回路は、前記複数の復号器のうち一つの復号器の復号結果が得られた場合、得られた前記復号結果と、前記通信路において発生する雑音の情報とに基づいて尤度を更新し、
前記複数の復号器は、前段の復号器により得られた復号結果を用いて更新された尤度を入力として、入力された分割データを復号する、
請求項2に記載の復号回路。 - コヒーレントデジタル信号処理に用いられる符号化方法であって、
入力されたデータをシリアルパラレル変換することによって複数の分割データに分割し、
前記分割データに対して誤り訂正符号を付加して符号化し、
符号化された複数の分割データ間で通信路により発生する雑音量を不均一にするためにビット系列を変換する符号化方法。 - コヒーレントデジタル信号処理に用いられる復号方法であって、
入力されたデータをシリアルパラレル変換することによって複数の分割データに分割し、
前記複数の分割データと、通信路において発生する雑音の情報とに基づいて、復号の尤度を算出し、
前記尤度を入力として、前記複数の分割データを復号する復号方法。 - コンピュータに、
入力されたデータをシリアルパラレル変換することによって複数の分割データに分割し、
前記分割データに対して誤り訂正符号を付加して符号化し、
符号化された複数の分割データ間で通信路により発生する雑音量を不均一にするためにビット系列を変換する処理を実行させるためのコンピュータプログラム。 - コンピュータに、
入力されたデータをシリアルパラレル変換することによって複数の分割データに分割し、
前記複数の分割データと、通信路において発生する雑音の情報とに基づいて、復号の尤度を算出し、
前記尤度を入力として、前記複数の分割データを復号する処理を実行させるためのコンピュータプログラム。
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