WO2022148883A1 - Procédé pour produire un objet indéformable à partir de biomasse renouvelable et objet indéformable - Google Patents

Procédé pour produire un objet indéformable à partir de biomasse renouvelable et objet indéformable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022148883A1
WO2022148883A1 PCT/EP2022/050452 EP2022050452W WO2022148883A1 WO 2022148883 A1 WO2022148883 A1 WO 2022148883A1 EP 2022050452 W EP2022050452 W EP 2022050452W WO 2022148883 A1 WO2022148883 A1 WO 2022148883A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
biomass
range
lignin
fibers
renewable
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2022/050452
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Volker Gehr
Original Assignee
Volker Gehr
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volker Gehr filed Critical Volker Gehr
Priority to EP22700600.4A priority Critical patent/EP4139519B1/fr
Publication of WO2022148883A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022148883A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/007—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and at least partly composed of recycled material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/02—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N5/00—Manufacture of non-flat articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N5/00—Manufacture of non-flat articles
    • B27N5/02—Hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/34—Trays or like shallow containers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/02—Pretreatment of the raw materials by chemical or physical means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/02—Pretreatment of the raw materials by chemical or physical means
    • D21B1/021—Pretreatment of the raw materials by chemical or physical means by chemical means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
    • D21J3/00—Manufacture of articles by pressing wet fibre pulp, or papier-mâché, between moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a dimensionally stable object, preferably a container, from renewable biomass.
  • the invention relates to a dimensionally stable object from renewable biomass.
  • dimensionally stable objects in particular containers, and dimensionally stable objects from renewable raw materials have been known from the prior art for many years and are primarily used in the field of disposable packaging or disposable objects.
  • Such disposable packaging or disposable items are generally used for storing, transporting or packaging food and other consumer goods.
  • the dimensionally stable objects can replace a large number of objects that are currently made of plastics or other durable materials.
  • Such dimensionally stable objects are in demand both by the end customer and by the manufacturing companies, on the one hand to use objects on a sustainable basis or to provide products in objects on a sustainable basis.
  • the known dimensionally stable objects based on renewable biomass also have some fundamental ones Disadvantages compared to the known products made of plastic, metal, glass, etc.
  • the well-known dimensionally stable objects based on renewable biomass are regularly clearly inferior in terms of durability compared to "conventional” products;
  • the known dimensionally stable objects based on renewable biomass exhibit disadvantageous behavior in connection with moisture, among other things due to hygroscopic material properties of the raw materials used.
  • the starting materials for the well-known products based on renewable raw materials are usually fibrous materials obtained from wood.
  • Such fiber cells have different layers and consist mainly of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Different proportions of the known chemical components cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin are present in the respective layers. Cellulose (approx. 50 percent) and hemicellulose (approx. 30 percent) account for the largest proportions.
  • the lignin pervades all layers and has a very low concentration near the lumen, while most of the lignin resides in the middle lamella and is difficult to access.
  • the wood fiber represents a plant cell that has a comparable structure in annual plants containing lignocellulose.
  • the outer ring is called the middle lamella and is primarily used to connect to the other adjacent cells and consists mainly of water-insoluble lignin.
  • a separation of the individual fiber components is naturally associated with considerable effort. In the known existing processes from the paper industry, the focus was usually on separating out the lignin components. As a result, a fiber-fiber bond based on so-called hydrogen bonds should be achieved. However, this type of bond is very water- sensitive, and certain strength properties, such as flexural strength and compressive strength, are negatively affected.
  • the known dimensionally stable objects based on renewable biomass are generally not suitable for long-term use in a moist environment, which means that a large number of uses are eliminated.
  • substances are regularly added in one or more of the process steps for the production of such dimensionally stable objects, which is intended to optimize the surface or the physical properties of the dimensionally stable object.
  • the use of additives in the manufacturing process regularly means that, on the one hand, workability is made more difficult, for example by having to carry out further process steps, or, on the other hand, that the dimensionally stable objects produced in this way can no longer be recycled or composted.
  • dimensionally stable objects based on renewable biomass or wood- or paper-based packaging or transport objects
  • the deteriorated material properties include, among other things, reduced strength properties, elasticity, hardness or brittleness.
  • Many of the well-known dimensionally stable objects from renewable biomass are also steps with unsuitable or abbreviated method generated such. For example, in order to achieve a "natural" product, essential auxiliary substances or additives are dispensed with, which on the one hand results in the above deteriorated material properties and on the other hand end products with inferior aesthetics (surface, cleanliness, discoloration) are produced.
  • packaging made from plant waste from agriculture is known, which is first crushed by machine.
  • the pulp resulting from the addition of water is placed in molds and then dewatered using pressure.
  • An increased durability of the packaging produced by this method can be achieved by adding additives such as resins, adhesives, glues, etc., which - as already mentioned - exclude the compostability, recyclability and further use of the raw materials.
  • the dimensionally stable objects known from the prior art are therefore either not sufficiently durable or have insufficient physical properties when the product properties are in the natural carbohydrate building blocks (cellulose, starch, etc.) contained in the raw materials; or are no longer considered natural / compostable rigid objects when additional binders and additives are added to the manufacturing processes.
  • a method comprising the following steps: providing renewable biomass, the renewable biomass containing at least fibers with lignin, in particular cellulose fibers with lignin, hemicelluloses and cellulose, and the renewable biomass from the group of lignocellulose-containing Annual plants is selected, comprising at least lignin-containing middle lamellae, cell interstices, primary and secondary walls, crushing the growing biomass, adding water to the growing biomass, pretreating the growing biomass by essentially converting the growing biomass into biomass fibers while retaining a large part of the lignin in the fibers, and while dissolving and discharging at least part of the cellulose and the hemicelluloses, the relative proportion of lignin being increased, providing the biomass fibers in a shaping process with a tool with the formation of a molded object, thermal treatment of the molded object with conversion of the lignin contained in the fibers of the biomass fibrous materials at least in some areas to the outer surface of the fibers, generation of an at least partially irrevers
  • the lignin has positive properties in the production process of a dimensionally stable object in that the phenolic macromolecules of the lignin with their functional side groups act as binders for the dimensionally stable objects to be produced.
  • the lignin does not have to be completely extracted from the biomass fibrous materials, but can and should remain in the fiber structure.
  • the lignin as a 3-dimensional macromolecule, is transferred to the outer surfaces of the fibers of the biomass fibers during the processing process and enriched in order to subsequently contribute to the irreversible crosslinking of the fibers contained in the object molding via its glass transition point (flow point) during production .
  • the resulting dimensionally stable objects have positive material properties, such as high strength values, positive water resistance properties, homogeneous material properties, etc.
  • the dimensionally stable objects produced by the method according to the invention have extensive advantages with regard to the material properties compared to the products from the prior art.
  • the dimensionally stable objects can also be composted and used as a raw material for other product groups, for example in the wood-based materials industry.
  • the process steps can preferably each be selected depending on the renewable biomass to be used. It is further preferably possible, depending on the starting material, for individual process steps to be omitted or combined.
  • the lignin is partially "uncovered” or partially available during the pretreatment, so that subsequent activation with crosslinking of the fiber components can be carried out.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably carried out continuously or discontinuously, with particular preference being given to carrying out individual partial steps, such as the pretreatment or the comminution, continuously and the shaping process or the thermal treatment being carried out continuously or discontinuously.
  • the method according to the invention for producing the dimensionally stable objects requires a low degree of complexity in the procedural steps, so that cost-effective operation is possible, which in turn leads to cost-effective end products.
  • the pretreatment of the renewable biomass by essentially converting the renewable biomass into biomass fibers while retaining at least a large part of the lignin in the fibers, preferably at least 50% of the lignin contained in the fibers used from the renewable biomass remains in the biomass fiber material.
  • dimensionally stable object within the meaning of the invention is to be understood as meaning all objects that can be produced using provided biomass fibrous materials. These include, in particular, containers, the containers being usable for a large number of functions. Such dimensionally stable objects or containers are also generally referred to by the terms packaging materials, disposable and reusable packaging, (disposable) crockery, (disposable) bowls, (disposable) plates, (disposable) cups, “to-go” Packaging or the like known.
  • the dimensionally stable objects explicitly include objects that form cavities as well as objects with solid materials.
  • Relatively thin-walled, dimensionally stable objects can preferably be produced with the method according to the invention, preferably thicknesses in the range from 0.5 mm to 10 mm, with thicker and thinner objects also being able to be produced with the method according to the invention.
  • renewable biomass within the meaning of the invention is all biomass that comes from renewable resources.
  • Renewable biomass also includes, in particular, the addition of non-renewable biomass, such as waste paper or recycled fibers, with a maximum of up to 25 percent by weight.
  • the renewable biomass mainly consists of agricultural residues that are not primarily used as a rule.
  • crushing the renewable biomass means that the raw material used is crushed in such a way that it can be fed to the subsequent processes.
  • the size of the "crushing” can differ depending on the downstream process steps.
  • “Crushing” is also used, for example, under the terms cutting, breaking, chopping, rasping, scraping, (separating) NEN, shorten or separate used synonymously.
  • the comminution regularly leads to segments with a length of 0.5 cm to 15 cm, with longer and shorter comminuted segments of renewable biomass being explicitly included in the terminology.
  • water can also be added to the regrowing biomass with water-like solvents or with liquids that mainly contain water but also have other (natural) components in addition to water.
  • Removing and discharging at least part of the cellulose and the hemicelluloses in the context of the invention means that the proportion of cellulose and the hemicelluloses is reduced during the pretreatment, at least is reduced more than the proportion of lignin.
  • the leaching and discharge can be controlled and active on the one hand, or occur as a secondary effect as part of the pre-treatment process.
  • Creating an at least partially irreversible connection through crosslinking within the meaning of the invention means that the entire dimensionally stable object does not have to have an irreversible connection through crosslinking, but is at least crosslinked by means of the lignin in such a way that an irreversible connection is formed in some areas, whereby the corresponding positive material properties are generated in the dimensionally stable object.
  • An expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the hemicelluloses and the cellulose are at least partially removed from the process during the pretreatment, in that the cellulose and the hemicelluloses are at least partially dissolved out of the regrowing biomass, and that the lignin is removed as completely as possible during the transfer of the renewable biomass is preserved in biomass fibers.
  • “at least partially detached from the renewable biomass” means that at least 10% of the cellulose and/or the hemicelluloses are removed from the renewable biomass as part of the pretreatment. The relative proportion of cellulose and hemicelluloses discharged is higher than the potential proportion discharged of the lignin.
  • Leaching out means both the intentional and the unintentional reduction in the proportion of fiber components that occur or can occur during pretreatment.
  • a reduction in the proportion of cellulose and hemicelluloses increases the relative proportion of lignin in the intermediate product, the biomass fiber material, as a result of which the surprisingly positive properties of lignin occur during the production of the dimensionally stable objects.
  • a further expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that in the pretreatment, starting from the renewable biomass, 50% to 100%, preferably 60% to 90%, of the lignin, 10% to 90%, preferably 30% to 70%, of the cellulose and 10% to 70%, preferably 30% to 50%, of the hemicelluloses remain in the biomass fibers. With a reduction in the corresponding cellulose and hemicelluloses, different relative proportions of lignin in the biomass fiber material arise, depending on the reduction.
  • the dimensionally stable object has improved resistance to external influences such as moisture, bending and pressure loads, etc., with higher relative lignin proportions, with the crosslinking in particular being stronger at higher lignin proportions.
  • a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the pre-treatment of the renewable biomass into biomass fibers is carried out by means of mechanical processing, the mechanical processing comprising grinding the renewable biomass.
  • Mechanical processing has the advantage that, on the one hand, a large number of processes and devices are already known from the paper industry that can be used as a basis for mechanical processing and, on the other hand, mechanical processing offers the possibility of changing the fiber structure of the renewable biomass as required contained fibers.
  • Various devices are conceivable as mechanical processing means, the grinding of the fibers preferably being carried out by means of refiners. In this way, known technology of mechanical processing can be used to modify the fibers according to the relevant criteria of the method according to the invention.
  • An advantageous development is characterized in that the mechanical processing is carried out by means of a refiner with refining plates, with a plate spacing between the refining plates of the refiner being selected in the range from 0.05 mm to 5 mm, preferably in the range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and wherein a substance density of the renewable biomass is selected in the range from 0.5% to 10%, preferably in the range from 1% to 5%.
  • a plate spacing between the refining plates of the refiner being selected in the range from 0.05 mm to 5 mm, preferably in the range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and wherein a substance density of the renewable biomass is selected in the range from 0.5% to 10%, preferably in the range from 1% to 5%.
  • the selection of the refining plates can preferably also have an influence on the biomass fibers.
  • the grinding plates can preferably have different geometries that can be changed. Smaller plate spacings are preferably selected to produce more intensive grinding, and larger plate spacings can more preferably be selected to carry out “more gentle” grinding.
  • the process of pretreatment can be repeated by means of mechanical processing by the refiner, with the ground biomass produced then being fed back to the mechanical processing with different or identical plate spacing.
  • the regrowing biomass is preferably processed by the refiner treatment in such a way that the lignin largely (> 50%) remains in the fiber composite or is available for later crosslinking.
  • the consistency can be varied as a function of the renewable biomass used and/or as a function of the fiber processing to be achieved, with a higher consistency generally requiring a larger plate spacing between the refining plates.
  • the pre-treatment of the renewable biomass into biomass fibers is carried out by means of a steam-providing high-temperature steam digestion process
  • the temperature of the steam used is in the range from 150 °C to 280 °C, preferably in the range from 175 °C to 250 °C
  • the digestion time using the steam is in the range from 10 s to 900 s, preferably in the range of 20 s up to 300 s.
  • the fibers used are already softening, which means that, among other things, the downstream mechanical processing can be carried out with less energy input.
  • the lignin softens as a result of the temperature supply, in order to provide (improved) availability of the lignin during the subsequent crosslinking.
  • the duration of the temperature input and the level of the temperature can be varied depending on the renewable biomass used and/or depending on the fiber processing to be achieved, with the longer and higher the temperature input usually being, a more intensive pretreatment is carried out.
  • the high-temperature steam digestion process can preferably be used for renewable biomass, which has a higher rigidity or a plant fiber structure of higher complexity as the starting product, which is particularly important in the case of perennial plants such as wood or more complex grasses such as e.g. B. bamboo is the case.
  • the high temperatures during the pretreatment have surprisingly led to an improved availability of the lignin with a simultaneous discharge of the cellulose and the hemicelluloses. Due to the high temperatures, that is, at over 150° C. to 175° C., the lignin present in the middle lamella in particular is accessible, which promotes subsequent crosslinkability.
  • the pretreatment is preferably carried out by means of a steam explosion method, in which a water vapor treatment is provided for the corresponding regrowing biomass from lignocellulosic annual plants.
  • a preferred development of the invention is characterized in that the comminuted lignocellulose-containing annual plants are broken up during the pretreatment in such a way that their lignin-containing middle lamellae, the cell interstices and the primary and secondary walls are at least partially broken up, with the lignin being removed as completely as possible when the regrowing biomass is transferred remains in biomass fibers and is exposed for subsequent cross-linking during thermal treatment.
  • the lignin is used in that its phenolic macromolecular structure is used to form a dimensionally stable object.
  • the exposure of the lignin from the middle lamella makes it possible to use a larger proportion of the lignin than in conventional processes only a sporadic development of the properties of the lignin is given by insufficient availability.
  • the lignin from the cell is usually separated and discharged as completely as possible or remains inside and inaccessible in the middle lamella, z.
  • B. TMP or groundwood processes to prevent contact with other cell components and activation of the lignin.
  • An advantageous development of the invention is characterized in that the exposed lignin is at least essentially completely designed and set up to produce an irreversible connection of the object molding, with the accessibility of the lignin being increased. This leads to an improved and as complete as possible conversion or crosslinking of the lignin during the thermal treatment's, whereby particularly advantageous properties are given in the production of the dimensionally stable object.
  • An expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the pre-treatment of the renewable biomass into biomass fibers is carried out by means of a steam-providing low-temperature steam digestion process, the temperature of the steam used being in the range of 100° C. to 200° C., preferably in the range of 120° C to 175 °C, and the digestion time using the steam is in the range from 50 s to 1,500 s, preferably in the range from 100 s to 900 s can be carried out with less energy input. Furthermore, the lignin softens as a result of the temperature supply, in order to make the lignin available during the subsequent crosslinking.
  • the duration of the temperature input and the level of the temperature can be varied depending on the renewable biomass used and/or depending on the fiber processing to be achieved, with the longer and higher the temperature input usually being, a more intensive pretreatment is carried out.
  • the low-temperature steam digestion process can preferably be used for renewable biomass, which as a starting product has a lower rigidity or a plant fiber structure of low complexity, which is particularly the case with annual plants such as e.g. B. grasses or straw is the case.
  • the pre-treatment of the renewable biomass into biomass fibers is carried out by means of a high-yield digestion process, preferably by a carbonate digestion process, the temperature in the high-yield digestion process being in the range from 100° C.
  • the digestion time is in the range from 15 minutes to 150 minutes, preferably in the range from 20 minutes to 60 minutes, and where a digestion agent with a concentration in the range from 5% to 35% is used preferably in the range from 10% to 25%, preferably Na2CC>3 in solution is used as the digestion agent.
  • concentration of the digestion agent as well as the duration of the temperature input and the level of the temperature can be varied depending on the renewable biomass used and/or depending on the fiber processing to be achieved, with a more intensive pretreatment usually being carried out, the higher the concentration of the digestion agent and the longer and higher the temperature input.
  • the high-yield digestion process can preferably be used for renewable biomass, which as a starting product has a higher rigidity or a plant fiber structure of higher complexity, which is particularly important in the case of perennial plants such as wood or more complex grasses such as e.g. B. bamboo is the case.
  • a further expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the pretreatment is followed by grinding, the grinding being carried out using a refiner with grinding plates, with a plate spacing between the grinding plates of the refiner being selected in the range from 0.05 mm to 5 mm , preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and wherein a consistency of the renewable biomass is selected in the range of 0.5% to 10%, preferably in the range of 1% to 5%.
  • a more extensive possibility is given to provide a more in-depth pre-treatment of the renewable biomass to form biomass fibrous materials.
  • the selection of the refining plates can preferably also have an influence on the biomass fibers. Smaller plate spacings are preferably selected to produce more intensive grinding, and larger plate spacings can be selected to carry out “more gentle” grinding.
  • the pre-treatment process can be repeated by means of mechanical processing by the refiners, where the ground biomass produced is then fed back to the mechanical processing with different or the same plate distances.
  • the fiber is preferably treated by the refiner in such a way that the lignin predominantly (>50%) remains in the fiber composite or is available for later crosslinking. The consistency can be varied as a function of the renewable biomass used and/or as a function of the fiber processing to be achieved, with a higher consistency generally requiring a larger plate spacing between the refining plates.
  • At least one further process step for renewed sorting and/or comminution of the biomass fibers produced is arranged downstream of the pretreatment.
  • the sorting and/or comminution provides a further possibility for checking and/or homogenizing the raw material produced for the production of the dimensionally stable objects. In this way, more uniform and higher-quality products can be produced that have a high degree of purity. Impurities and undesired particles, which may have been included in the material flow through pre-treatment, can also be recognized by sorting and/or shredding and discharged from the process.
  • a preferred development of the invention is characterized in that the shaping process is carried out with the object tool, which is designed and set up as a molding tool and as a pressing tool corresponding to the molding tool, with the biomass fibrous materials being formed in the molding tool to form the object molding and with the Pressing tool are pressed to form a pressing tool pressing pressure, the pressing tool is tool pressing pressure in the range of 0.5 bar to 22 bar, preferably in the range of 1 bar to 8 bar. Execution of the molding process by the subject tool increases molding and consistency in the process.
  • the Ausbil tion of the object tool as a mold with a corresponding pressing tool represents a reliable way to deliver constant qualities in the production of a dimensionally stable object.
  • An expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the shaping process is selected from one or more of the following methods: injection molding, extrusion, pressing or deep-drawing and blow molding.
  • the appropriate shaping process is preferably selected depending on the dimensionally stable object to be produced.
  • An advantageous development is characterized in that the properties of the dimensionally stable object can be adjusted by means of the pre-treatment of the renewable biomass into biomass fibers in connection with the shaping process and/or the thermal treatment such that the hardness, the dimensional stability and/or the water resistance, depending on the temperature, the pressing pressure, the consistency and/or the freeness.
  • the individual mechanical properties of the dimensionally stable object can be addressed selectively by adjusting the parameters in the method for producing the dimensionally stable object.
  • the nature of the fibers can be varied by a longer milling time, which results in an improved exposure of the lignin, whereby i.a. the mechanical properties of the end product are adjustable.
  • the other parameters can vary depending on the biomass entered and the processes used.
  • the thermal treatment of the molded article takes place with the formation of a drying pressure on the molded article, the drying pressure being in the range from 0.3 bar to 10 bar, preferably in the range from 0.5 bar to 5 bar.
  • a drying pressure being in the range from 0.3 bar to 10 bar, preferably in the range from 0.5 bar to 5 bar.
  • further means and/or process steps can preferably be present upstream or downstream in order to carry out improved drying or to introduce further material properties into the dimensionally stable object, for example a surface treatment.
  • the thermal treatment of the molded article takes place without the formation of a drying pressure on the molded article.
  • a further expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the thermal treatment takes place at a temperature in the range from 70.degree. C. to 250.degree. C., preferably in the range from 130.degree. C. to 200.degree.
  • the use of a thermal treatment regularly results in a significantly plannable and shortened drying process for the molded object, which means that production can be carried out as required under known drying parameters.
  • the duration and level of the temperature input can be individually selected and adjusted depending on the renewable biomass used and/or depending on the size or shape of the molded article.
  • an advantageous development of the invention is characterized in that the proportion of lignin in the fibers of the renewable biomass is in the range from 5% to 45%, preferably in the range from 15% to 35%.
  • the proportion of lignin is predominantly dependent on the renewable biomass to be used and can be used and selected depending on the dimensionally stable object to be produced.
  • a renewable biomass with a high lignin content is preferably selected, it also being possible to use renewable biomass with a lower lignin content in the case of dimensionally stable objects with low required strength properties.
  • a further expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that no additional organic and/or inorganic adhesives are added during the pretreatment of the renewable biomass, the provision of the biomass fibers in the shaping process and during the thermal treatment of the biomass fibers.
  • dispensing with adhesives nevertheless leads to consistent qualitative and mechanical properties with an associated cost saving in the production of the dimensionally stable objects, since adhesives represent a high proportion of the costs in production.
  • An expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that no additives are added during the pretreatment of the renewable biomass, the provision of the biomass fibers in the shaping process and during the thermal treatment of the biomass fibers. So that's a hassle-free
  • the dimensionally stable objects can be composted, which in particular allows for easy disposal. Furthermore, the omission of additives nevertheless leads to consistent qualitative and mechanical properties with an associated cost saving in the production of the dimensionally stable objects, since additives represent a high proportion of the costs in production.
  • a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the raw materials of the renewable biomass are selected from at least one or a combination of long-fiber lignocellulose-containing plants, in particular from grasses, cereals, straw, bast, leaf, seed and seed husk fibers and/or wood preferably made from miscanthus, hemp, straw, oat hulls, flax, sisal and/or bamboo.
  • a small proportion of the raw materials used can be secondary fibers with a weight proportion of at most 25%.
  • the object is also achieved by a dimensionally stable object, preferably a container, produced by a method according to one or more of claims 1 to 17.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a dimensionally stable object according to the invention in a view obliquely from above
  • FIG. 2 shows a process diagram for an embodiment of a method according to the invention for producing a dimensionally stable object
  • FIG. 3 shows a simplified schematic representation of a typical structure of a lignin-containing plant cell network and 4 shows a simplified schematic representation of a typical structure of an exposed plant cell assembly containing lignin.
  • the method shown in the drawings for the production of a dimensionally stable Ge object on the basis of renewable biomass and the dimensionally stable object from renewable biomass is shown as an example as a method for manufacturing a container and as a container.
  • the invention relates in the same way to comparable dimensionally stable objects that not only have the function or design of a container.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a dimensionally stable object 10 from renewable biomass based on a container that was produced with the inventive method for producing a dimensionally stable object 10.
  • the container has, for example, a base body 11 with a receiving area 12, which is formed by a bottom 13 and a border 14, which is a cohesive side wall 14 hanging.
  • Fig. 2 shows a process diagram for the production of a dimensionally stable object 10 comprising the following steps: (I) providing renewable biomass 15, the renewable biomass 15 containing at least fibers 16 with lignin 17, in particular cellulose fibers with lignin 17, hemicelluloses and cellulose, and wherein the regrowing biomass is selected from the group of lignocellulose-containing annual plants, comprising at least lignin-containing middle lamellae, cell wedges, primary and secondary walls, (II) crushing the regrowing biomass 15, (III) moving the regrowing biomass 15 with water, (IV) Vorbe Treatment of the regrowing biomass 15 by essentially converting the regrowing biomass 15 into biomass fibers 18 while retaining a large part of the lignin 17 in the fibers 16, and with the removal and removal of at least part of the cellulose and the hemicelluloses, the relative proportion of the lignin 17 increasing will, (v ) Providing the biomass fibers 18 in (VI) a shaping process with a - not shown
  • the cellulose and the hemicelluloses are at least partially removed from the process, in that the cellulose and the hemicelluloses are at least partially dissolved out of the regrowing biomass 15, and that the lignin 17 is removed as completely as possible during the transfer of the regrowing biomass 15 is preserved in biomass fibers.
  • Fig. 4 the structure of the cells is shown schematically and the whereabouts of the lignin 17 when the cell wall or the middle lamella 21 is broken open. In this process, the basic structure is usually - deviating from the schematic illustration in Fig. 3 and Fig.
  • the cell is at least partially destroyed, as a result of which the cellulose and hemicelluloses predominantly contained in the primary and secondary walls are at least partially dissolved out.
  • the process is also carried out in an aqueous solution, which promotes the discharge of the corresponding cellulose and hemicelluloses.
  • the pretreatment (IV), starting from the renewable biomass leaves 50% to 100%, preferably 60% to 90%, of the lignin 17, 10% to 90%, preferably 30% to 70%, of the cellulose and 10 % to 70%, preferably 30% to 50%, of the hemicelluloses in the biomass fibers 18.
  • the process step of crushing the biomass 15 can be followed by a further process step (11a), in which the crushed or used biomass 15 is sorted.
  • Sorting (IIa) means, in particular, that dirt and impurities are removed from the manufacturing process in this step, as well as checking whether a uniformly desired comminution (II) has taken place in the preceding step. If necessary, excess or too small biomass 15 can be discharged after growing.
  • the aim of crushing (II) and sorting (IIa) is to produce a starting material that is as homogeneous as possible to provide the raw material for the further process.
  • Process steps (I), (II) and (IIa) can preferably be carried out locally independently of the other process steps for producing the dimensionally stable object 10.
  • the step of crushing (II) or sorting (11a) can also be left out if the (I) biomass 15 provided already has a corresponding size or the desired quality requirements for the method according to the invention.
  • the method step of sorting (11a) is carried out in particular by means of at least one sorter and/or by means of at least one hydrocyclone (cleaning). More preferably, a plurality of such devices can be arranged in series or in parallel.
  • the pre-treatment (IV) of the regrowing biomass 15 into biomass fibrous materials 18 is preferably carried out by means of (IVa) mechanical processing, the mechanical processing (IVa) comprising grinding the regrowing biomass 15 .
  • the mechanical treatment (IVa) is preferably carried out by means of a refiner with refining plates - not shown in detail in the figures - with a plate spacing of the refining plates of the refiner being selected in the range from 0.05 mm to 5 mm, preferably in the range from 0 1 mm to 0.5 mm, and wherein a substance density of the regrowing biomass is selected in the range from 0.5% to 10%, preferably in the range from 1% to 5%.
  • the pre-treatment (IV) of the renewable biomass 15 into biomass fibers 18 is carried out by means of a high-temperature steam digestion process (IVb) that provides steam, the temperature of the steam used being in the range of 150 °C to 280 °C, preferably in the range of 175 °C to 250 °C, and the digestion time using steam is in the range from 10 s to 900 s, preferably in the range from 20 s to 300 s.
  • the high-temperature steam digestion process (IVb) is simplified and only shown schematically as a secondary process step under the Pretreatment (IV) shown in FIG.
  • the high-temperature steam digestion process (IVb) can also be carried out as an independent process step and, for example, be carried out continuously or in a batch process.
  • the comminuted lignocellulose-containing annual plants are broken up in such a way that their lignin-containing middle lamellae 21, the cell interstices and the primary and secondary walls are at least partially broken open, with the lignin 17 being retained as completely as possible during the conversion of the regrowing biomass 15 into biomass fibers and being exposed for subsequent crosslinking during the thermal treatment (VII).
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows the regrowing biomass 15 of a lignocellulose-containing annual plant after its pretreatment (IV), whereby the exposed lignin 17 becomes clear.
  • use of the lignin 17 is given by the availability.
  • FIG. 1 In a comparison with FIG.
  • the exposed lignin 17 is preferably at least essentially completely designed and set up to produce an irreversible connection (VIII) of the molded object, the accessibility of the lignin 17 being increased.
  • the pre-treatment (IV) of the renewable biomass 15 into biomass fibers 18 is carried out by means of a low-temperature steam digestion process (IVc) that provides steam, the temperature of the steam used being in the range of 100° C. to 200° C., preferably in the range of 120°C to 175°C, and wherein the steam digestion time is in the range of 50s to 1500s, preferably in the range of 100s to 900s.
  • IVc low-temperature steam digestion process
  • the low-temperature steam digestion process (IVc) is simplified and only shown schematically as a secondary process step under the pretreatment (IV) in FIG.
  • the low-temperature steam digestion process (IVc) can also be carried out as an independent process step and, for example, be carried out continuously or in a batch process.
  • a post-processing of the biomass fibrous materials 18 can be provided after the pretreatment (IV).
  • steps (II) and (11a) can be provided.
  • the steps preferably include sorting and/or crushing of the biomass fibers 18 in order to provide further quality control of the renewable biomass 15 produced by the pretreatment or the mechanical processing.
  • the Process steps are carried out in particular by means of at least one sorter and/or at least one hydrocyclone (cleaning).
  • FIG. 2 shows a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention for the production of dimensionally stable objects 10, in which the pre-treatment (IV) of the renewable biomass 15 into biomass fibrous materials 18 takes place by means of a high-yield digestion process (IVd), preferably by a carbonate digestion process wherein the temperature in the high-yield pulping process is in the range of 100°C to 215°C, preferably in the range of 135°C to 175°C, and wherein the pulping time is in the range of 15 min to 150 min, preferably in the range from 20 min to 60 min, and wherein a dissolving agent is used with a concentration in the range from 5% to 35%, preferably in the range from 10% to 25%, preferably Na 2 CO 3 in solution is used as the dissolving agent.
  • a high-yield digestion process IVd
  • a carbonate digestion process wherein the temperature in the high-yield pulping process is in the range of 100°C to 215°C, preferably in the range of
  • the high-yield digestion process (IVd) with the specific exemplary embodiment of the carbonate digestion process is simplified and only shown schematically as a secondary process step under the pretreatment (IV).
  • the high-yield digestion process (IVd) can also be carried out as an independent process step and can be carried out, for example, continuously or in a batch process.
  • the process steps of the pretreatment (IV) or (IVa) to (IVd) can preferably be carried out downstream of grinding (IVa'), the grinding being carried out by means of a refiner with grinding plates, with a plate spacing of the grinding plates of the refiner in the range of 0.05 mm to 5 mm is selected, preferably in the range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and wherein a substance density of the regrowing biomass is selected in the range from 0.5% to 10%, preferably in the range from 1 % until 5 %.
  • the subsequent grinding (IVa′) is shown in the process diagram for the secondary process steps (IVa) to (IVd), stylized.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a simplified representation of a plant cell compound 19 with a plurality of plant cells 20 .
  • Each of the cells 20 usually has a cell wall (middle lamella) 21 and a cell cavity (lumen) 22 .
  • Each of the individual cells 20 can be different expressed as part of an individual fiber 16 of the regrowing biomass 15 or as a cross-sectional view of a fiber 16 which is connected to other cells 20 via the cell wall 21 or the middle lamella to form the plant cell composite 19 .
  • the lignin 17 is regularly arranged in annual plants containing lignocellulose; the main occurrence of the lignin is in the middle lamella and the gusset 25, which represents the area where several middle lamellae converge.
  • FIG. 3 shows a natural cell network 19 before pretreatment (IV) with the method according to the invention.
  • the cells 20 are firmly connected to the lignin 17 and form a rigid cell network 19 which is not soluble in water.
  • FIG 4 shows a cell assembly 19 during or after the pretreatment (IV), in which the cell assembly 19 is at least partially exposed (“torn open”), which is indicated by the stylized cracks 24 in the cell wall 21 area.
  • the pretreatment (IV) converts the regrowing biomass 15 into biomass fibrous materials 18, with the structure of the cell composite 19 being changed by the cell walls 21 or the lignin-containing areas of the middle lamella and the gusset 25 being at least partially exposed.
  • the cells 20, that is, the fibers 16 are no longer present as a complex cell composite 19, but the outer surfaces 23 of the exposed cell wall areas 21 have been made available by the pretreatment.
  • the lignin 17 of the cell wall 21 can be made available for the further process, in particular for the shaping process (VI) and the subsequent crosslinking (VIII), whereby the formation of a dimensionally stable object 10 according to the invention is made possible.
  • the conversion of the lignin 17 contained in the fibers 16 of the biomass fibrous materials 18 to the outer surface of the fibers 16 can be seen at least in regions.
  • the lignin 17 is not necessarily “relocated” to the outer surface 23 of the fibers 16 (locally), but rather the lignin 17 is accessible due to the tearing open of the cell composite 19, whereby subsequent crosslinking (VIII) in the course of the shaping process (VI) and the thermal treatment (VII) to form the dimensionally stable object 10 is made possible.
  • the method step of the shaping process (VI) which is shown stylized in Fig.
  • the object tool which in a preferred embodiment is designed and set up as a shaping tool and as a pressing tool corresponding to the shaping tool, the biomass fiber materials 18 are formed in the molding tool to form the article molding and are pressed with the pressing tool to form a pressing tool pressure, the pressing tool pressure being in the range from 0.5 bar to 22 bar, preferably in the range from 1 bar to 8 bar.
  • the shaping process (VI) is preferably selected from one or more of the following processes: injection molding processes, extrusion processes, pressing processes or deep-drawing and blow molding processes.
  • the properties of the dimensionally stable object 10 can preferably be adjusted by means of the pretreatment (IV) of the renewable biomass 15 into biomass fibers 18 in connection with the shaping process (VI) and/or the thermal treatment (VII) in such a way that the hardness, the dimensional stability and/or or the water resistance can be varied depending on the temperature, the pressing pressure, the consistency and/or the freeness.
  • the individual process steps can be adapted and controlled accordingly.
  • Such parameters are preferably adjusted on the basis of known process steps, with the lignin 17 being made available for use in the crosslinkability in the shaping process (VI) or for the thermal treatment (VII).
  • the thermal treatment (VII) of the molded article preferably takes place with the formation of a drying pressure on the molded article, the drying pressure being in the range from 0.3 bar to 10 bar, preferably in the range from 0.5 bar to 5 bar.
  • the thermal treatment (VII) of the molded article can also be carried out without the formation of a drying pressure on the molded article.
  • the thermal treatment (VII) preferably takes place at a temperature in the range from 70.degree. C. to 250.degree. C., preferably in the range from 130.degree. C. to 200.degree.
  • the provision (V) of the biomass fibers 18 in the shaping process (VI) and during the thermal treatment (VII) of the biomass fibers 18 no additional organic and/or inorganic adhesives added. More preferably, no additives are added during the pretreatment (IV) of the renewable biomass 15, the provision (V) of the biomass fibrous materials 18 in the shaping process (VI) and during the thermal treatment (VII) of the biomass fibrous materials 18. Particularly preferably, neither organic and/or inorganic adhesives nor additives are added to the entire method for producing the dimensionally stable object 10 .
  • the method for producing a dimensionally stable object 10 is preferably carried out only with the raw materials of the renewable biomass 15, with water being included as the solvent.
  • the raw materials of the renewable biomass 15 are preferably selected from at least one or a combination of the long-fiber lignocellulose-containing plants, in particular from grasses, cereals, straw, bast, leaf, seed and seed husk fibers and/or wood, particularly preferably from miscanthus, hemp, Straw, oat hull, flax, sisal and/or bamboo.
  • the raw materials come particularly preferably from agricultural residues that are not accessible for primary use.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour produire un objet (10) indéformable, comprenant les étapes consistant à : fournir une biomasse (15) renouvelable, (I), cette biomasse (15) renouvelable comportant au moins des fibres (16) contenant de la lignine (17), en particulier des fibres cellulosiques contenant de la lignine (17), des hémicelluloses et de la cellulose, broyer la biomasse (15) renouvelable, (II), ajouter de l'eau à la biomasse (15) renouvelable, (III), prétraiter (IV) la biomasse (15) renouvelable, essentiellement par transformation de la biomasse (15) renouvelable en matières fibreuses à base de biomasse (18) de manière à conserver en majeure partie la lignine (17) dans les fibres (16) et de façon à extraire et supprimer au moins une partie de la cellulose et des hémicelluloses, la proportion relative de lignine (17) étant accrue, préparer les matières fibreuses à base de biomasse (18), (V), au cours d'un processus de façonnage, (VI), au moyen d'un moule à objet de manière à former une ébauche d'objet, traiter thermiquement, (VII), l'ébauche d'objet de manière à transformer au moins par endroits la lignine (17) contenue dans les fibres (16) des matières fibreuses à base de biomasse (18) sur la surface extérieure (23) des fibres (16), générer une liaison au moins par endroits permanente par réticulation des fibres (16) des matières fibreuses à base de biomasse (18) au moyen de la lignine (17). L'invention concerne en outre un objet (10) indéformable correspondant.
PCT/EP2022/050452 2021-01-11 2022-01-11 Procédé pour produire un objet indéformable à partir de biomasse renouvelable et objet indéformable WO2022148883A1 (fr)

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DE102021100288.5A DE102021100288A1 (de) 2021-01-11 2021-01-11 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines formstabilen Gegenstandes aus nachwachsender Biomasse und formstabiler Gegenstand

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Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB997798A (en) * 1961-03-24 1965-07-07 Mixolit Kunststofferzeugung Ge Improvements in or relating to a process for the production of moulded articles
EP0373726A2 (fr) * 1988-12-16 1990-06-20 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Agrégat fibreux cellulosique et procédé pour sa préparation
US20110268652A1 (en) * 2008-09-08 2011-11-03 Basf Se Method for the integrated production of cellulose and low-molecular-weight reusable materials

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SE543573C2 (en) 2019-02-12 2021-03-30 Stora Enso Oyj Method of producing a molded fiber product and molded fiber product

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB997798A (en) * 1961-03-24 1965-07-07 Mixolit Kunststofferzeugung Ge Improvements in or relating to a process for the production of moulded articles
EP0373726A2 (fr) * 1988-12-16 1990-06-20 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Agrégat fibreux cellulosique et procédé pour sa préparation
US20110268652A1 (en) * 2008-09-08 2011-11-03 Basf Se Method for the integrated production of cellulose and low-molecular-weight reusable materials

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