WO2022145024A1 - 充放電制御装置および充放電制御方法 - Google Patents
充放電制御装置および充放電制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title abstract description 30
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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- B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
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- G07F15/005—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity for electricity dispensed for the electrical charging of vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
- Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
Definitions
- An EMS Electronicgy Management System
- a charging facility consisting of the minimum required charger capacity and number of EVs for a business operator with multiple EVs to complete charging of multiple EVs by the start time of use outside the usage time of each EV.
- the EV information management unit that manages the charge / discharge capacity information of multiple electric vehicles, the schedule information management unit that manages the charge / discharge schedule information of electric vehicles, and the charge / discharger information of the charger / discharger.
- Charge / discharger information management unit that manages electricity charges, facility information management department that manages electricity charge information, charge / discharger grouping unit that groups charge / dischargers based on charge / discharger information, and charge / discharger
- the allocation constraint setting unit that sets the allocation constraint of the charge / discharger based on the schedule information, and the charge / discharger so that the power cost is low based on the allocation constraint, charge / discharge capacity information, and power charge information. It is characterized in that the group is assigned to an electric vehicle and has a charge / discharge plan creation unit for creating a charge / discharge plan. To prepare for.
- the calculation load for creating a charge / discharge plan can be suppressed.
- FIG. It is a block diagram of the EV user facility in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a block diagram of the charge / discharge control device in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a flowchart of the process of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the EV information stored in the EV information management part of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. Embodiment 1 It is a figure which shows the example of the charge / discharger information stored in the charge / discharger information management unit.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the number of allocation patterns at the time of not grouping of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the charge / discharge plan of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a hardware block diagram of the charge / discharge control device. It is a block diagram of the charge / discharge control device of Embodiment 2. It is a flowchart of the process of Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the charge / discharge record information acquired in Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an EV user facility according to the first embodiment. It is assumed that the EV user facility is connected to the system 11, and that the power equipment of the EV user facility includes a charger / discharger 14 and an electric vehicle (hereinafter referred to as EV) 15. These facilities do not have to be one, and may be plural.
- the electric power equipment such as the charge / discharger 14 and the EV 15 is connected to the charge / discharge control device 13 that controls the charge / discharge to the charge / discharger 14.
- the electric power flowing in and out from the system 11 to the EV user facility is measured by an electric energy meter 12 such as a smart meter that can measure the electric energy for 30 minutes.
- the electricity cost paid by the EV user to the retailer (in the case of outflow, it means sales, but if the electricity cost is negative, it is regarded as sales, and it is generally considered) is the electricity meter 12. It is based on the measured value. That is, the measured value is used as the power receiving point.
- the charger / discharger 14 is connected to the EV15, and a storage battery is not assumed, but if the EV15 is always parked and the allocation is fixed, the same discussion is possible.
- EV15 in the present embodiment is a concept including a storage battery in a broad sense.
- each EV 15 has one outlet (insertion port), and each charger / discharger 14 has one plug, but these may be plural. Which EV15 the charging / discharging device 14 connected to the EV 15 is connected to is determined based on the charging / discharging plan calculated by the charging / discharging control device 13.
- the charge / discharge control device 13 includes a PC and a program in the parking lot, but is not limited to this, and may be a PC and a program connected outside the parking lot via a network. good.
- the charge / discharge control device 13 can communicate with the watt-hour meter 12, the charge / discharger 14, EV15, and the like.
- the actual value of the power receiving point can be obtained from the watt-hour meter 12.
- the actual value of the charge / discharge power can be acquired from the charge / discharger 14, and the command value of the charge / discharge power can be transmitted to the charge / discharger 14.
- the current SOC (State Of Charge) and schedule can be acquired from the EV15, and the charge / discharge plan can be transmitted to the EV15.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the charge / discharge control device 13 according to the present embodiment.
- the charge / discharge control device 13 in the present embodiment includes an EV information management unit 101, a schedule information management unit 102, a charge / discharger information management unit 103, a charge / discharger grouping unit 104, an allocation constraint setting unit 105, and a facility information management unit. It is composed of 106, a charge / discharge plan creation unit 107, a parking lot information management unit 108, and a charge / discharge plan notification unit 109.
- the EV information management unit 101 manages EV information, which is information related to the specifications of each EV15.
- the EV information is, for example, EV15 charge / discharge capacity information.
- the schedule information management unit 102 manages the schedule information which is the usage schedule of each EV15.
- the usage schedule is, for example, information on a schedule in which the EV 15 arrives at the charging station and can be charged and discharged.
- the charge / discharger information management unit 103 manages charge / discharger information, which is information related to the specifications of each charge / discharger 14.
- the charge / discharger information is, for example, information on the specifications of the charge / discharger.
- the charge / discharger grouping unit 104 groups the charge / discharger 14 based on the charge / discharger information. For example, the charge / discharger grouping unit 104 groups charge / dischargers 14 having similar specifications.
- the charger / discharger information management unit 103 may be grouped using the model numbers. For example, the charger / discharger information management unit 103 groups items having the same model number. If the charger / discharger has similar specifications, the specific method is not limited. Here, it is grouped by similar specifications, but it is not limited to this. It may be controlled so that the electric appliances are grouped according to their close positional relationship.
- the allocation constraint setting unit 105 determines the maximum number of charge / dischargers 14 that can be connected to each EV15 and the number of EV15s that can be connected from each charge / discharger 14 based on the schedule information for each group of charge / dischargers 14. Set constraints such as the maximum number.
- the facility information management unit 106 manages facility information related to information on electricity charges (contracted electricity, unit price, etc.) contracted by the EV user operator with the electricity retailer.
- the charge / discharge plan creation unit 107 allocates the charge / discharger group to the EV15 and creates a charge / discharge plan based on the allocation constraint, the EV information, and the facility information so that the charging cost is low. More specifically, the charge / discharge plan creation unit 107 creates a charge / discharge plan based on the allocation constraint, the charge / discharge capacity information of the EV information, and the power charge information of the facility information.
- the parking lot information management unit 108 manages parking lot information that specifies the positional relationship between the parking space section and the charger / discharger 14.
- the charge / discharge plan notification unit 109 notifies each EV 15 of the created charge / discharge plan based on the parking lot information.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the process of the present embodiment. The process will be described below based on this flowchart.
- the current time is 2020/1/1 00:00, and the creation of a charge / discharge plan for the electric energy [kWh] of 24 frames in 60-minute units 24 hours ahead of the current time will be described.
- the total number of chargers and dischargers 14 is three, of which two are quick chargers and one is a normal charger.
- the total number of EV15s will be four.
- the charger / discharger 14 is grouped to reduce the amount of calculation.
- the specifications that affect the charging time such as maximum charge power, maximum discharge power, charge efficiency, and discharge efficiency, are dealt with.
- the grouping is based on similar specifications, but the grouping is not limited to this, and the grouping may be performed based on the charger / discharger information.
- step S101 EV information is input to the charge / discharge control device 13.
- the EV information may be input from an external database or may be directly input to the charge / discharge control device 13, and the input method is not limited.
- EV information is acquired by manual input by the operator of the charge / discharge control device 13 or acquired from EV 15 via the CHAdeMO protocol, and stored in the EV information management unit 101.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of EV information stored in the EV information management unit 101.
- the EV information management unit 101 stores EV information.
- the EV information management unit 101 stores EV 15 charge / discharge capacity information such as the ID of each EV15, the maximum SOC of the EV15, the minimum SOC, the maximum charge power, the maximum discharge power, the charge efficiency, and the discharge efficiency as EV information.
- step S102 charge / discharger information is input to the charge / discharge control device 13.
- the charging / discharging device information may be input from an external database or may be directly input to the charging / discharging control device 13, and the input method is not limited.
- Charge / discharger information is acquired by manual input by the operator of the charge / discharge control device 13, or acquired from the charge / discharger 14 via the OpenADR protocol, and stored in the charge / discharger information management unit 103.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of charge / discharger information stored in the charge / discharger information management unit 103.
- the charge / discharger information management unit 103 stores charge / discharger information.
- the charge / discharger information management unit 103 stores the ID, model number, maximum charge power, maximum discharge power, charge efficiency, and discharge efficiency of each charge / discharger 14 as charge / discharger information.
- the charge / discharger information is information regarding the specifications of the charge / discharger.
- the charger / discharger IDs CH001 and CH002 are quick chargers, and CH003 is a normal charger.
- step S103 facility information is input to the charge / discharge control device 13.
- the method of inputting the facility information may be acquired from an external database or may be directly input to the charge / discharge control device 13, and the method of input is not limited.
- Facility information is input by manual input by the operator of the charge / discharge control device 13, and stored in the facility information management unit 106.
- FIG. 6 is facility information stored in the facility information management unit 106, and is a diagram showing information on electric power charges contracted by the facility. For example, information on the unit price of the basic charge and the metered charge is stored. Based on this facility information, it is possible to specify the electricity usage fee.
- FIG. 7 is facility information stored in the facility information management unit 106, and is a diagram showing information on the upper and lower limit values of the power receiving point power amount of the facility. Based on this facility information, the upper and lower limits of the power from the receiving point can be specified.
- the basic charge is a charge that is charged monthly regardless of the usage status of electricity.
- the pay-as-you-go charge is a charge charged according to the usage status of electric power, and the unit price differs depending on the time zone in which electric power is used.
- the battery is charged at 00: 00-07: 00 or 23: 00-0: 00 when the unit price is low, and at 07: 00-23: 00. It is important to discharge.
- step S104 parking lot information is input to the charge / discharge control device 13.
- the parking lot information may be input from an external database or may be directly input to the charge / discharge control device 13, and the input method is not limited.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing parking lot information stored in the parking lot information management unit 108, and more specifically, which charge / discharger 14 is in which section and the charge / discharger 14 is in use. It is a figure which shows the information which manages whether or not.
- the information that identifies whether or not it is in use indicates whether or not the section is parked, and may reflect a car stop in coin parking, a connection status obtained via the CHAdeMO protocol, or the like, or a charger / discharger 14. You may try to get the information that is being connected from.
- the section in FIG. 8 is a parking space of the EV 15, and represents a section that can be connected from each charger / discharger 14.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the positional relationship of which charger / discharger 14 is in which section.
- the charger / discharger IDCH001 is located near the compartment PL001.
- Parking lot information is input manually by the operator of the charge / discharge control device 13 and stored in the parking lot information management unit 108. Further, the parking lot information may be acquired from an external database or the like, and the method of management by the parking lot information management unit 108 is not limited.
- only one compartment can be connected to one charger / discharger, but a plurality of charge / dischargers can be connected to each compartment because the plug is sufficiently long or there is a charge / discharger 14 between the compartments. It may be possible to connect to the compartment.
- step S105 the schedule information is input to the charge / discharge control device 13.
- Schedule information is acquired by manually inputting by the operator of the charge / discharge control device 13 or by transmitting to the charge / discharge control device 13 from an external terminal such as the car navigation system of the EV15 or the smartphone of the EV driver, and the schedule information. It is stored in the management unit 102.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of schedule information stored in the schedule information management unit 102.
- the ID of each EV15, the arrival time of EV15, the departure time of EV15, the SOC at the time of arrival of EV15, and the required SOC at the time of departure of EV15 are managed.
- the arrival time and the departure time are expressed as yyy / MM / dd hh: mm.
- the schedule that can be charged and discharged of EV15 is managed.
- the format of the schedule information is not limited as long as the schedule that can be charged and discharged of the EV 15 can be managed.
- step S106 the charge / discharger grouping unit 104 groups the charge / discharger 14.
- the charge / discharger grouping unit 104 groups the charge / discharger 14 based on the charge / discharger information. More specifically, charge / dischargers 14 having similar specifications are grouped together. The group of charge / discharger 14 is called a charge / discharger group.
- the similar specifications mean that the specifications of the charger / discharger are similar, and refer to the information on the maximum charge power, the maximum discharge power, the charge efficiency, the discharge efficiency, and the model number of the charge / discharger.
- group chargers and dischargers with the same model number group chargers and dischargers with the same model number.
- the groups are grouped according to similar specifications, but the grouping is not limited to this if the groups are grouped based on the charger / discharger information.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing grouped charger / discharger information.
- the number of charge / dischargers 14 grouped and the specifications of the charge / discharger 14 are stored for each group ID that specifies the group.
- the specifications of the charger / discharger 14 the maximum charge power, the maximum discharge power, the charge efficiency, and the discharge efficiency are managed.
- the charge / discharger ID may be managed for each group so that it can be specified which charge / discharger ID belongs to which group.
- the quick charger belongs to the group ID: GRP001, and the normal charger Group ID: It shall belong to GRP002.
- GRP001 the group ID
- GRP002 the normal charger Group ID
- the grouping method for example, the k-means method used in a field such as machine learning is used.
- the k-means method will be described.
- the k-means method consists of four processes as follows.
- the number of groups is set to 2.
- the center of the group is the average of the specifications (maximum charge power, maximum discharge power, charge efficiency, discharge efficiency) of the charger / discharger 14.
- the center V (GRP001) of GRP001 is calculated by the following formula 1.
- Process 3 Obtain the distance for any combination of the charger / discharger k and the center V (j) of the group, and reallocate the charger / discharger k to the group closest to the distance.
- the L1 norm is adopted as the distance between the charger / discharger k and the center V (j) of the group.
- the distance between the charger / discharger CH002 and the above V (GRP001) is calculated by the following mathematical formula 2.
- Process 4 When the allocation of all the chargers / dischargers 14 in the group does not change in the above process, or when the amount of change falls below a predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the group has converged, and the group is determined to have converged. The process ends with the charger / discharger 14 grouped at the center. If not, the center V (j) of the group is recalculated from the newly allocated group, and the above processing is repeated.
- the grouped charger / discharger 14 can be treated as a charger / discharger 14 having a plurality of plugs virtually.
- the number of allocation patterns when grouped and the number of n allocation patterns when not grouping are compared.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the number of assigned patterns when the charger / discharger 14 is grouped. It is a figure which shows which EV15 is assigned to which group. In the example of FIG. 12, it is shown that there are 12 patterns in total.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the number of allocation patterns when not grouped. It is a figure which shows which EV15 is assigned to which charge / discharger 14. In the example of FIG. 13, it is shown that there are 24 patterns in total. In other words, it can be seen that the number of allocation patterns is reduced by grouping. However, in this example, it is assumed that all four EVs have a time section in which they are parked, and there is no charger / discharger 14 without allocation.
- the allocation constraint setting unit 105 sets the allocation constraint.
- the allocation constraint setting unit 105 is a charger / discharger such as the maximum number of charge / dischargers 14 that can be connected to each EV15 and the maximum number of EV15s that can be connected from each EV15 based on the schedule information. Set 14 allocation constraints.
- the number of plugs in each charge / discharger group is considered to be as many as the number of charge / dischargers 14 belonging to that group. That is, assuming that the number of charge / dischargers 14 included in the charge / discharger group j is N (j), it is necessary to satisfy the following formula 4 for all t and j.
- variable EC (i, j, t) is still a variable at this stage, and the specific value (whether it is 0 or 1) is determined by the charge / discharge plan creation unit 107.
- the decision is realized by solving the optimization problem, but at that time, the smaller the number of variables EC (i, j, t), the shorter the calculation time.
- variable EC i, j, t
- step S108 the charge / discharge plan creation unit 107 creates a charge / discharge plan.
- the charge / discharge plan is a plan of which charge / discharger group is assigned to which EV15 at which time zone.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a charge / discharge plan.
- the charge / discharge plan memorizes how much charge / discharge is performed by which group in which time zone for each facility.
- the group of FIG. 14 is a charge / discharger group ID assigned to EV15 of each facility, and stores the charge / discharge amount of the group.
- the charge / discharge plan creation unit 107 allocates the charge / discharger group to the EV so that the power cost is low, based on the allocation constraint, the EV information, and the facility information.
- the charge / discharger ID and charge / discharge amount are, for example, as shown below, by solving the optimization problem with the power cost as the objective function and the allocation constraint, the supply / demand balance constraint, the power receiving point power amount constraint, and the storage battery constraint as constraints.
- the power cost as the objective function and the allocation constraint, the supply / demand balance constraint, the power receiving point power amount constraint, and the storage battery constraint as constraints.
- the power cost As the objective function and the allocation constraint, the supply / demand balance constraint, the power receiving point power amount constraint, and the storage battery constraint as constraints.
- Electricity costs are calculated based on facility information.
- Buy_Cost (t), Buy (t), and Buy_rate (t) are the power cost at time t, the power receiving point power amount at time t, and the charge unit price at time t, respectively. Then, the value obtained by adding the allocation change cost to the power cost may be used as the objective function.
- the supply and demand balance constraint is subject to the allocation constraint.
- Inv (j, t) is the amount of charge / discharge to EVj at time t.
- Inv (j, t) means discharge if it is positive, and charge if it is negative.
- This equation means that the electric energy at the receiving point is covered by the discharge from EV15.
- the power receiving point power purchased at time t is the total amount of power charged to each EV at time t.
- equation 8 consider the following equation 8 as a constraint on the amount of power received at the receiving point.
- Buy_min and Buy_max are the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the power receiving point electric energy, respectively.
- the following formulas 9 to 11 are considered as storage battery constraints.
- the storage battery constraint referred to here is set based on the EV information.
- SOC (j, t) represents the SOC of EVj at time t.
- eff_out (i) represents the discharge efficiency of EVj.
- Inv_out (j, t) represents the amount of EVj discharged at time t.
- eff_in (i) represents the charging efficiency of EVj.
- Inv_in (j, t) represents the charge amount of EVj at time t.
- Inv (j, t) represents the amount of charge / discharge to EVj at time t.
- Inv_min (j) represents the maximum charge power of EVj.
- Inv_max (j) represents the maximum discharge power of EVj.
- in_time (j) represents the arrival time of EVj.
- out_time (j) represents the departure time of EVj.
- the allocation constraint uses the constraint set by the allocation constraint setting unit 105.
- the explanatory variables are EC (i, j, t), Inv_out (j, t), Inv_in (j, t), SOC (j, t), Buy (t).
- the optimization problem raised here is an example. For example, if there is no solution that satisfies the constraint conditions, a slack variable is introduced into each constraint expression and the objective function is set so that the slack variable becomes smaller. , The solution that is semi-optimal when the constraint condition is not satisfied may be calculated.
- step S109 the charge / discharge plan notification unit 109EV15 is notified of the charge / discharge plan.
- the charge / discharge plan notification unit 109 notifies the created charge / discharge plan.
- the notification may be notified to the car navigation system of each EV15 and displayed on a screen or the like, or may be notified to the smartphone of the EV driver. The way of notification is not limited.
- the charge / discharger IDs to which this group belongs are CH001 and CH002, so the divisions PL001 and PL002 are applicable.
- the section PL001 is in use, PL002 is presented as the section upon arrival. If both PL001 and PL002 are not used, both compartments are presented and the EV15 user chooses which compartment to charge / discharge.
- FIG. 15 is a hardware configuration diagram of the charge / discharge control device 13.
- the charge / discharge control device 13 includes an input interface 301, an arithmetic unit 302 such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a storage device 303, and an output interface 304.
- the interface is hereinafter referred to as IF.
- the EV information management unit 101, the schedule information management unit 102, the charge / discharger information management unit 103, the facility information management unit 106, the parking lot information management unit 108, etc. are included in the storage device 303, and the charge / discharger grouping unit 104, Functions such as the allocation constraint setting unit 105 and the charge / discharge plan creation unit 107 are realized by the arithmetic unit 302 executing the program.
- Data such as EV information, schedule information, charger / discharger information, facility information, etc. are input from the input IF301.
- the input may be received directly from the user or may be received from an external data server, and the input source is not limited.
- the created charge / discharge plan and the like are output from the output IF 304.
- the storage device 303 is a storage medium such as an HDD, SSD, or flash memory.
- the calculation time can be shortened and the charge / discharge plan can be created more quickly, thereby storing the electricity required for EV driving. It is possible to secure the quantity and reduce the power cost.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram of the charge / discharge control device 13 according to the second embodiment.
- the charger / discharger 14 having similar specifications is grouped in the same group, but since the specifications of the charge / discharger 14 deteriorate depending on the frequency of use and the years of use, for example, even if they are grouped based on the specifications described in the specifications. , There is a problem that the accuracy is insufficient.
- the present embodiment is characterized in that the specifications of the charge / discharger 14 are estimated based on the charge / discharge results. In this embodiment, charging efficiency is taken up as an estimated spec.
- the difference from the second embodiment is that the charge / discharge record information management unit 201 and the charge / discharge device information estimation unit 202 have been added.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart of the process of the second embodiment. The difference from the first embodiment is that steps S201 and S202 have been added, and these will be described below. Step S202 is after the schedule information of step S105 is input, but is not limited to this.
- step S201 the charge / discharger information estimation unit 202 estimates the charge / discharger information based on the charge / discharge record information acquired by the charge / discharge record information management unit 201, and updates the charge / discharger information. Based on the estimated charge / discharger information, the charge / discharger grouping unit 104 groups the charge / discharger.
- the charge / discharger performance information is acquired in step S202, but since the charge / discharger 14 changes over time, the charge / discharger performance information is continuously acquired and updated. This process is assumed to be repeated.
- the catalog value may be stored in the spec information of the charger / discharger information.
- step S202 the charge / discharge record information management unit 201 acquires charge / discharge record information.
- the charge / discharge record information management unit 201 manages the charge / discharge record for each charge / discharge device.
- the charge / discharge record is acquired from the charge / discharge device 14 via the OpenADR protocol or the like, and stored in the charge / discharge record management unit 201.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of acquired charge / discharge record information. It stores which charge / discharger 14 has what kind of achievement. As a result, the actual value of the charge / discharge power at a certain time and the information on how much the SOC has changed are stored. In the example of FIG. 18, the combination of EV_ID and the charger / discharger ID is also stored, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the time represents the actual charge / discharge in 30 minutes.
- the charge / discharge power is positive for discharge and negative for charge.
- the initial SOC and the end SOC when charging is completed are stored, and how much the SOC has changed is managed.
- the estimation method may be any existing method and is not limited to the following method.
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Abstract
Description
を備える。
図1は、実施の形態1におけるEV利用事業者施設の構成図である。EV利用事業者施設は系統11と接続されており、EV利用事業者施設の電力設備としては充放電器14と電気自動車(以降EVという)15とがあるとする。これらの設備は1つである必要はなく、複数であってもよい。充放電器14やEV15などの電力設備は、充放電器14に対して充放電を制御する充放電制御装置13が接続される。
図16は、実施の形態2における充放電制御装置13の構成図である。実施の形態1では類似スペックの充放電器14を同じグループとしていたが、充放電器14のスペックは使用頻度や使用年月によって劣化するため、例えば仕様書記載のスペックに基づいてグループ化しても、精度が不十分であるという課題がある。
Claims (6)
- 複数の電気自動車の充放電能力情報を管理するEV情報管理部と、
前記電気自動車の充放電のスケジュール情報を管理するスケジュール情報管理部と、
充放電器の充放電器情報を管理する充放電器情報管理部と、
電力料金の情報を管理する施設情報管理部と、
前記充放電器情報に基づいて前記充放電器をグループ化する充放電器グループ化部と、
前記充放電器のグループ毎に、前記スケジュール情報に基づいて前記充放電器の割当制約を設定する割当制約設定部と、
前記割当制約と前記充放電能力情報と前記電力料金の情報に基づいて、電力コストが低くなるように前記充放電器のグループを前記電気自動車に割当てて、充放電計画を作成する充放電計画作成部と
を備えることを特徴とする充放電制御装置。 - 前記充放電器グループ化部は、前記充放電器情報の類似によってグループ化する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の充放電制御装置。 - 前記充放電器グループ化部は、前記充放電器の最大充電電力、最大放電電力、充電効率、放電効率の類似によってグループ化する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の充放電制御装置。 - 前記充放電器グループ化部は、前記充放電器の型番を用いてグループ化する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の充放電制御装置。 - 前記充放電器毎の充放電の実績を管理する充放電実績管理部と
前記充放電の実績に基づいて前記充放電器情報を推定する充放電器情報推定部とを備え、
前記充放電器グループ化部は、推定された前記充放電器情報に基づいて前記充放電器をグループ化する
ことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の充放電制御装置。 - 複数の電気自動車の充放電能力情報を管理するステップと、
前記電気自動車の充放電のスケジュール情報を管理するステップと、
充放電器の充放電器情報を管理するステップと、
電力料金の情報を管理するステップと、
前記充放電器情報に基づいて前記充放電器をグループ化するステップと、
前記充放電器のグループ毎に、前記スケジュール情報に基づいて前記充放電器の割当制約を設定するステップと、
前記割当制約と前記充放電能力情報と前記電力料金の情報に基づいて、電力コストが低くなるように前記充放電器のグループを前記電気自動車に割当てて、充放電計画を作成するステップと
を備えることを特徴とする充放電制御方法。
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EP20968034.7A EP4273783A4 (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | CHARGING/DISCHARGING CONTROL DEVICE AND CHARGING/DISCHARGING CONTROL METHOD |
US18/039,968 US20240005236A1 (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | Charging/discharging control device and charging/discharging control method |
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