WO2022144044A1 - 一种天冬氨酸铜配合物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种天冬氨酸铜配合物及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2022144044A1
WO2022144044A1 PCT/CN2022/078264 CN2022078264W WO2022144044A1 WO 2022144044 A1 WO2022144044 A1 WO 2022144044A1 CN 2022078264 W CN2022078264 W CN 2022078264W WO 2022144044 A1 WO2022144044 A1 WO 2022144044A1
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Prior art keywords
copper
feed
compound
asp
animal
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PCT/CN2022/078264
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English (en)
French (fr)
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彭险峰
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源至技术有限公司
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Priority to AU2022205117A priority Critical patent/AU2022205117A1/en
Priority to PE2023002742A priority patent/PE20240122A1/es
Priority to EP22734769.7A priority patent/EP4295698A1/en
Priority to JP2023558206A priority patent/JP2024511428A/ja
Priority to BR112023020065A priority patent/BR112023020065A2/pt
Priority to KR1020237034800A priority patent/KR20230156392A/ko
Priority to CA3213900A priority patent/CA3213900A1/en
Priority to IL307375A priority patent/IL307375A/en
Publication of WO2022144044A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022144044A1/zh
Priority to CONC2023/0014258A priority patent/CO2023014258A2/es

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F1/08—Copper compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/76—Metal complexes of amino carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs

Definitions

  • Copper is one of the essential trace elements for animals, the key center and activity center of some enzymes in animals, the cofactor of various oxidase and the constituents of coagulation factor V and MT, and maintains normal hematopoietic function, bone, blood vessels and blood vessels.
  • K.Kaemmerer reported that copper deficiency can seriously delay the growth of animals, and resupply of copper can quickly restore the growth of animals.
  • the nutritional requirement of copper for animals is 5mg/kg to 8mg/kg.
  • inorganic copper Since a study in 1945 found that high copper can significantly improve the growth performance of pigs, 200mg/kg ⁇ 250mg/kg of high copper raw materials have been used in the breeding of young piglets to improve their growth performance and shorten the breeding cycle.
  • the availability of inorganic copper is related to its solubility. High solubility is stronger than low solubility.
  • copper sulfate has the best effect, which is almost the same as that of organic copper and chelated copper. Therefore, inorganic copper is especially cost-effective. It is the main source of copper sulfate that becomes the main source of high copper in piglet feed.
  • a large amount of copper ions released in gastric acid is absorbed due to the presence of phytic acid or fiber in the diet, so that only a small amount of copper ions can reach the middle and rear of the small intestine to play an antimicrobial role or be absorbed by the small intestine into the body to exert its biological effect. Therefore, it is necessary to add high concentrations of copper ions to the feed to achieve the effect of antibacterial and growth promotion. Copper exceeding the physiological limit brings many side effects, such as high copper damage to body organs, excessive residues in organs affecting food safety, interfering with the absorption of other nutrients, and unused copper polluting the environment through feces.
  • Aspartic acid is not essential to mammals and can be produced from oxaloacetate by transamination.
  • Objects of the present application include providing a copper aspartate complex that is safe and has improved performance throughout the life of an animal.
  • the purpose of this application also includes providing the application of the copper aspartate complex and its feed composition in the preparation of animal feed additives.
  • the purpose of the present application also includes providing the application of the copper aspartate complex and its feed composition in preparing animal feed.
  • the present application also aims to provide a method for improving animal production performance.
  • the present application provides a copper aspartate complex with a chemical structure of [(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ (H 2 O) n , wherein Asp is L -Asp or DL-Asp, m is any integer from 0-10, n is any value from 0-10.
  • the chemical structure of the copper aspartate complex is any of the following:
  • the present application also provides a feed composition, the composition comprising at least one of the copper aspartate complexes provided by the present invention and at least one of feed, pharmacy or food acceptable excipients .
  • the feed composition further comprises additional animal feed additives.
  • the additional animal feed additives include nutritional feed additives, non-nutritive feed additives and pharmaceutical feed additives.
  • the feed composition further comprises feed raw materials.
  • the present application also provides a copper aspartate complex with a chemical structure of [(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ (H 2 O) n and a feed composition thereof Application in the preparation of animal feed additives.
  • the animals are livestock, poultry, aquatic animals or pets at various growth stages.
  • the present application also provides a copper aspartate complex with a chemical structure of [(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ (H 2 O) n and a feed composition thereof Application in the preparation of animal feed.
  • the animals are livestock, poultry, aquatic animals or pets at various growth stages.
  • the present application also provides a method for improving animal production performance, comprising: comprising the chemical structure provided by the present invention as [(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ (H 2 O) n copper aspartate complex and feed composition thereof for animal feeding; alternatively, the chemical structure is [(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ (H Copper aspartate complexes of 2 O) n , or feed compositions or feed additives comprising the chemical structure [(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ (H 2 O) n
  • the amount of the copper aspartate complex, or the feed composition or the animal feed additive is calculated as copper element and the weight of the animal diet is The standard is 5 mg/kg to 300 mg/kg.
  • the present invention finds that the copper aspartate complex whose chemical structure is [(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ (H 2 O) n is used in breeding animals.
  • the required amount of use can promote the growth of livestock and poultry at all stages of the growth cycle, and the growth performance of animals is normal when used in high doses, which overcomes the harm caused by excessive use of high-dose inorganic copper in the breeding industry. And other issues.
  • any embodiment of any aspect of the present application may be combined with other embodiments provided that there is no conflict between them.
  • any technical feature may be applicable to the technical feature in other embodiments, as long as there is no contradiction between them.
  • FIG. 1 is an infrared diffraction pattern of a copper aspartate complex whose chemical formula is [Cu(L-Asp)(H 2 O) 2 ].
  • FIG. 2 is an infrared diffraction pattern of a raw material mixture for preparing a copper aspartate complex whose chemical formula is [Cu(L-Asp)(H 2 O) 2 ].
  • the invention provides a copper aspartate complex whose chemical structure is [(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ (H 2 O) n , wherein Asp is L-Asp or DL -Asp, m is any integer from 0-10, n is any value from 0-10.
  • the “complex” involved in the present invention refers to a copper ion of a certain soluble copper salt and an aspartate ion (chemical structure is -OOC - CH 2 -CH(NH 2 )-COO - , referred to in the present invention as ""
  • Asp Asp
  • water molecules external conditions and internal conditions cause stable substances formed by covalent bonds and/or non-covalent intermolecular forces in a certain chemical molar equivalent and/or non-stoichiometric combination.
  • Aspartic acid is also called aspartic acid, its chemical name is aminosuccinic acid, its English name is Aspartic Acid, and its chemical structure is HOOC-CH 2 -CH(NH 2 )-COOH.
  • Aspartic acid has asymmetric carbon atoms (denoted as "- * CH(NH 2 )-"), which is optically active. Due to the different arrangement positions in space, it is divided into L-type and D type Enantiomers of each other.
  • the racemate of an optically inactive aspartic acid is composed of an equal amount of D-type and L-type aspartic acid, and is recorded as DL type Can be aspartic acid racemic mixture or racemic aspartic acid.
  • the aspartic acid racemic mixture is a crystalline mixture of equal amounts of D- and L-form aspartic acids, and the racemic aspartic acid is D-form and L-form alternating in the crystal lattice Arranged compounds.
  • the copper aspartate complex can be prepared by the following scheme:
  • the sodium hydroxide may be replaced by an equimolar equivalent of potassium hydroxide.
  • the copper sulfate pentahydrate can be replaced by equimolar equivalents of copper chloride and its hydrate, copper bromide and its hydrate, copper nitrate and its hydrate, and the like.
  • the stirring reaction time is 0-4 hours, and stirring is performed at a low speed, a medium speed or a fast speed, and the solid product [(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ n( In H 2 O), m is any integer from 0 to 10, and n is any value from 0 to 10.
  • m is any integer from 0-2.
  • the drying by heating is a drying method under reduced pressure
  • the heating temperature is 60-110° C.
  • the pressure in the drying box is 0-0.1 MPa
  • the solid product [(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ (H 2 O) n is a copper aspartate complex in which n is any value selected from 0-1.
  • the drying by heating is a drying method under reduced pressure
  • the heating temperature is 110-150° C.
  • the pressure in the drying box is 0-0.1 MPa
  • the solid product [(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ (H 2 O) n is a copper aspartate complex in which m and n are independently 0.
  • the 1 stoichiometric aspartic acid is L-aspartic acid
  • the product is [(Cu(II))(L-Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ (H 2 O) n .
  • the 1 stoichiometric aspartic acid is DL-type aspartic acid, and the product is [(Cu(II))(DL-Asp)(H 2 O) m ] ⁇ (H 2 O) n .
  • the structure of the copper aspartate complex is any one of the following:
  • the present invention provides a feed composition comprising at least one of the copper aspartate complexes and at least one of feed, pharmaceutically or food acceptable auxiliary materials.
  • composition refers to a compound collective comprising one or more compounds constituting an active ingredient.
  • feed, pharmaceutical or food acceptable in the present invention means that the substance or composition must be chemically or toxicologically suitable for the composition of feed, medicine, food or edible farm animals.
  • the adjuvants include carriers, diluents, excipients, vehicles or combinations thereof commonly used in the feed, pharmaceutical or food industries.
  • the “carrier” of the present invention refers to a feedable substance that can carry active ingredients, improve its dispersibility, and have good chemical stability and adsorption, and is divided into organic carriers and inorganic carriers.
  • the organic carrier is generally a material containing a lot of crude fiber, including but not limited to corn flour, corncob flour, wheat bran, rice husk flour, defatted rice bran, traditional bran, corn stalk flour, peanut husk flour and the like.
  • the inorganic carriers are generally minerals, mainly divided into calcium salts and silicon oxides, which are used for the preparation of trace element premixes, including but not limited to calcium carbonate, silicate, vermiculite, zeolite, seaweed, etc. Foam, etc.
  • the "diluent” involved in the present invention refers to a substance that evenly distributes the additive raw material in the material, and dilutes the high-concentration additive raw material into a low-concentration premix or premix, which can separate trace components from each other and reduce active components. The interaction between them can increase the stability of the active ingredients without affecting the physicochemical properties of the related substances.
  • the types of diluents are divided into organic diluents and inorganic diluents.
  • Common organic diluents include but are not limited to corn flour, degerminated corn flour, dextrose (glucose), sucrose, semolina with bran, fried soybeans Powder, secondary powder, corn gluten meal, etc.
  • commonly used inorganic diluents include but are not limited to limestone, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shell powder, kaolin (white clay), table salt and sodium sulfate.
  • the excipient is a wetting agent that induces the inherent viscosity of the substance, a binder that binds the substance, a disintegrating agent that breaks the entire sheet of the substance into many fine particles, and reduces the size of the particles.
  • Retention aids for inter-friction or anti-sticking agents to prevent materials from sticking including but not limited to magnesium stearate, talc, vegetable oil, magnesium lauryl sulfate, starch, starch slurry, water, inorganic salts, dextrin, powdered sugar Wait.
  • solvent refers to the solvent required for dissolving or dispersing the solid, including but not limited to water, ethanol, glycerin and the like.
  • the feed composition further comprises additional animal feed additives.
  • the additional animal feed additives are nutritional feed additives, general feed additives or pharmaceutical feed additives.
  • the nutritional feed additive refers to a small or trace amount of substances added to compound feed to balance feed nutrients, improve feed utilization, and directly exert nutritional effects on animals, including amino acids, amino acid salts and their analogs, vitamins and retinoids. , mineral elements and their complexes (chelates), microbial enzymes or non-protein nitrogen.
  • the general feed additives are also called non-nutritive additives, which refer to some non-nutritive substances added to the feed to improve feed utilization, ensure feed quality and quality, and be beneficial to animal health or metabolism, including growth promoters, Insect repellent health care agent, flavoring and food attractant, feed conditioner, feed preparation agent, feed storage agent and Chinese herbal medicine additive.
  • the pharmaceutical feed additives include, but are not limited to, veterinary drug premixed substances that have the effects of preventing animal diseases, promoting animal growth and can be added to the feed for a long time and incorporated into a carrier or diluent.
  • the feed composition may include feed ingredients selected from non-feed additives, such as animal, plant, microorganism or mineral feed substances that can be used for processing and making feed.
  • non-feed additives such as animal, plant, microorganism or mineral feed substances that can be used for processing and making feed.
  • Described animal feed raw materials are equivalent to the acceptable raw materials in feed, specifically grains and their processed products, oilseeds and their processed products, legume seeds and their processed products, tubers, roots and their processed products, other seeds, Fruit products and their processed products, forage grass, roughage and their processed products, other plants, algae and their processed products, dairy products and their by-products, terrestrial animal products and their by-products, fish, other aquatic organisms and their by-products, minerals Substances, microbial fermentation products and by-products, other feed materials and other feed substances.
  • the feed composition is an additive premix, concentrated feed, compound feed, or concentrate supplement.
  • the feed additive premixed feed refers to any two or more types of nutritional feed additives in mineral trace elements, vitamins, microorganisms and amino acids, and the copper aspartate complex provided by the present invention. or other feed additives, carriers and (or) diluents prepared according to a certain proportion of the homogeneous mixture, wherein the content of nutritional feed additives can meet the basic nutritional needs of the specific physiological stage of the animal, the copper aspartate complex is in The added amount of compound feed, concentrate supplement or animal drinking water is 5mg/kg to 300mg/kg calculated as copper element.
  • the said concentrated feed refers to the feed which mainly consists of protein, minerals and feed additives prepared according to a certain proportion.
  • the compound feed refers to a feed prepared by a variety of feed raw materials and feed additives according to a certain proportion according to the nutritional needs of the breeding animals.
  • the concentrate supplement refers to a feed prepared by a variety of feed raw materials and feed additives according to a certain proportion in order to supplement the nutrition of herbivorous animals.
  • the invention also provides the application of the copper aspartate complex and its feed composition in preparing animal feed additives.
  • the copper aspartate complex and its feed composition are used in the preparation of animal feed additives, and the animal feed additives are livestock feed additives, poultry feed additives, aquaculture animal feed additives or pet food additives.
  • the "animal” involved in the present invention refers to a person or a breeder who cannot synthesize inorganic matter into organic matter, and can only use organic matter as food for life activities such as ingestion, digestion, absorption, respiration, circulation, excretion, sensation, movement and reproduction. animal.
  • farmed animals include poultry, livestock, aquatic animals, and other animals that are legally caught by artificial breeding, including pets.
  • the poultry involved in the present invention are food-borne animals such as chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, quails or turkeys at various growth stages;
  • the livestock involved in the present invention are pigs, cattle, sheep, rabbits, Food-borne animals such as horses;
  • the aquaculture animals involved in the present invention are fish, shrimp, loach, crab or eel at various growth stages; pets involved in the present invention include but are not limited to cats, dogs, rabbits and the like.
  • the copper aspartate complex and its feed composition are used to prepare feed additives for livestock, including but not limited to pigs, cattle, sheep, horses, rabbits, minks, etc. at various growth stages.
  • the copper aspartate complex and its feed composition are used to prepare feed additives for poultry, and the poultry includes but not limited to chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons and the like at various growth stages.
  • the animal feed additive prepared with the copper aspartate complex and its feed composition is a premix, a compound premix, a water preparation or a granule.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the copper aspartate complex and its feed composition in preparing animal feed, where the animal feed is livestock feed, poultry feed, aquaculture animal feed or pet feed.
  • the copper aspartate complex and its feed composition are used to prepare feed for livestock, including but not limited to pigs, cattle, sheep, horses, rabbits, minks, etc. at various growth stages.
  • the application of the copper aspartate complex and its feed composition is used to prepare poultry feed, and the poultry includes but is not limited to chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, etc. at various growth stages.
  • the feed prepared comprising the copper aspartate complex and its feed composition is a single feed, a concentrated feed, a compound feed, a compound premix or a concentrate supplement.
  • the compound feed is full-price compound feed.
  • the added amount of the copper aspartate complex in the full-price compound feed is 5 mg/kg to 300 mg/kg calculated as copper element.
  • the added amount of the copper aspartate complex is 5 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg calculated as copper element.
  • the livestock are pigs, cattle, sheep, horses, rabbits and minks at various growth stages, preferably pigs.
  • the full-price compound feed is a full-price compound feed for poultry, and the added amount of the copper aspartate complex is 8 mg/kg-200 mg/kg in terms of copper element.
  • the poultry are chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, etc. at various growth stages, preferably chickens and ducks.
  • the present invention also provides a method for improving animal production performance, comprising: feeding animals with the feed containing the copper aspartate complex; or, feeding the copper aspartate complex and its feed
  • the composition or feed additive is added to the ration of the animal according to the corresponding animal growth requirements for animal feeding, and the usage amount of the copper aspartate complex, or the feed composition or the additive thereof, is calculated as copper element It is 5mg/kg ⁇ 300mg/kg.
  • breeding Technical personnel with professional feeding knowledge (referred to as “breeders") know from experience that the lack of copper in the animal's diet will delay the growth and development of animals, and it is necessary to supplement the supply of copper in time to restore the normal growth and development of animals.
  • breeders can freely choose different copper sources for animal consumption, and the copper sources include the copper aspartate chelate provided by the present invention and the copper aspartate complex containing the copper aspartate complex.
  • the feed composition, feed or feed additive, and the breeder gives the animal food containing the copper aspartate complex in a sufficient required amount according to the nutritional requirement of the copper element for the animal at each growth stage.
  • the animal food includes, but is not limited to, animal feed, feed compositions, basal diets, and the like.
  • the animals are livestock at various growth stages, preferably pigs at various growth stages.
  • the feed intake, average daily gain and feed reward of the test pigs were improved.
  • the animals are poultry at various growth stages, preferably chickens and ducks at various growth stages.
  • the animal food was used as animal food, compared with the test chickens or ducks of the copper sulfate breeding example, the aspartic acid breeding example or the control breeding example, an improvement effect appeared in the feed reward of the test chicken or duck, and when the aspartic acid was When the experimental dosage of copper complexes reached 100-300 mg/kg, no animal poisoning phenomenon similar to that of high-dose copper sulfate breeding cases occurred in the test chickens.
  • the copper aspartate complex provided by the present invention can not only meet the growth needs of animals but also significantly improve the production performance of animals in terms of improving animal growth performance.
  • Fig. 1 is the infrared diffraction spectrum detection result of the product
  • Fig. 2 is the infrared diffraction of the mixture obtained by simply mixing the raw materials aspartic acid and copper sulfate pentahydrate required for the preparation of the product in the above-mentioned preparation scheme. Spectral detection results.
  • mice 900 1-day-old Lingnan Huangkuai broilers; 150 weaned piglets;
  • Test samples Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, Compound 6, Compound 7, (Compound 8, prepared by the method provided in "Chemical World", 2005, 02, 94-96), L-aspartic acid, and copper sulfate pentahydrate.
  • 900 1-day-old Lingnan Huangkuai large broilers were randomly divided into 18 groups with 50 chickens in each group.
  • the control group was only supplemented with a physiologically recommended amount of copper sulfate of 5 mg/kg, and the other groups were not supplemented with any copper element.
  • Compound 1-100 50 50 Compound 1 100 Compounds 1-50 50 50 Compound 1 50 Compound 1 50 Compound 1-35 50 50 Compound 1 35 Compounds 1-5 50 50 Compound 1 5 Compound 2-50 50 50 Compound 2 50 Compound 3-50 50 50 Compound 3 50 Compound 4-50 50 50 Compound 4 50 Compounds 5-50 50 50 Compound 5 50 Compounds 6-50 50 50 Compound 6 50 Compounds 7-50 50 50 Compound 7 50 Compounds 8-50 50 50 Compound 8 50 L-Aspartic Acid 50 50 L-Aspartic Acid 105
  • the added amount of different growth promoters is calculated based on the copper ion in the compound, and the added amount of the L-aspartic acid group is the same mole as the L-aspartic acid contained in the use amount of the compound 1-50 group quality.
  • the additive amount of different growth promoters is calculated according to the copper ion in the compound; the additive amount of the L-aspartic acid group is the same mole as the L-aspartic acid contained in the use amount of the compound 1-50 group quality.
  • Lingnan Huangkuai broilers During the feeding test of Lingnan Huangkuai broilers, in the copper sulfate group of 150 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of copper ions, in the second week of the experiment, Lingnan Huangkuai broilers had poisoning symptoms such as messy feathers and dry skin. A small number of dead chickens appeared before the end of the test, indicating that the long-term use of feed with a copper sulfate dosage of 100 mg/kg has toxic and side effects on broilers.
  • the copper sulfate group with 50mg/kg copper ions had no clinically visible symptoms of poisoning, but the relative weight gain rate during the test period was 98.9%, which was close to that of the control group without administration, but the feed meat was 0.048 higher than the control group, and the feed remuneration was good. Not improved.
  • Each test group of compound 1, compound 2, compound 3, compound 4, compound 5, compound 6 and compound 7 basically showed a good growth-promoting effect and the body surface characteristics of the test chickens were normal, and the relative weight gain rate could be increased by 4.9%- 19.6%, the feed remuneration decreased by 2.95%-6.34%, and the experimental effect of the experimental group with the addition amount of compound 1 was 50-100 mg/kg showed a dose effect.
  • the high-dose copper sulfate pentahydrate group (250 mg/kg) had obvious growth-promoting effect.
  • the average weight gain during the experiment was 12.66% higher than that of the non-administration control group, and the feed reward decreased by 7.8%.
  • Compound 1, compound 2, compound 3, compound 4, compound 5, compound 6, compound 7 and compound 8 were used in this experiment.
  • the first seven compounds all had the effect of promoting the growth of test pigs, but at the same dose
  • Compound 1, compound 2 and compound 3 improved the feed reward of test pigs about twice as much as compound 4, and the dosage of compound 1, compound 2 and compound 3 was less than that of compound 4 under similar feed reward.
  • the production performance of the test pigs of compound 8 at the dose was basically close to that of the control group.
  • compound 1 showed a dose effect in improving the production performance of the test pigs.
  • the dose was 50 mg/kg
  • the growth-promoting effect and feed rate of the high-dose copper sulfate group were similar (Table 4). The results suggest that the compound of 50 mg/kg 1 It can be used to replace high-dose copper sulfate in pig breeding.
  • mice The experimental fish used were herring, and the fingerlings of the year were provided by Dafeng Fish Breeding Farm, Huizhou City, Guangdong province. Healthy and lively herring species with consistent specifications were raised in large cages (4 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1.5m 3 ) for 4 weeks before being used for formal breeding experiments. Each small cage is equipped with an inflation head, which is inflated 24 hours a day. Both the small cage and the temporary cage were placed in a pond of 3500 m 2 in the test site, the pond depth was about 1.5 m, and the pond water was fully aerated bottom water. During the experiment, 480 herrings that were starved for 1 day were randomly divided into 10 groups, each group had 4 replicates, and 12 fish were placed in each replicate. After weighing the whole, they were randomly placed into 28 cages and fed with different experimental feeds respectively. .
  • Test feed The test feed was prepared according to the formula in Table 5, and different copper supplements (calculated as copper ions) were added to different test groups according to Table 6.
  • the feed raw materials used were ultrafinely pulverized and then passed through the Jiangsu Muyang extruding unit to make a 3mm floating extruded feed.
  • the mold temperature was 130°C, and 3% soybean oil was sprayed externally through an oil injection device, and sealed and stored in a cool place for later use.
  • Raw material composition content(%) Raw material composition content(%) fish meal 9.0 soybean oil 3.0 casing powder 3.0 phospholipid rapeseed meal 9.0
  • Test management The test adopts artificial food restriction feeding, and the feeding amount is adjusted once a week.
  • the feeding level (according to the initial body weight) of each group is exactly the same, and the feeding is twice a day (7:30 and 15:00).
  • the test lasts for 8 weeks. .
  • the water quality was monitored regularly.
  • the water temperature of the whole breeding process was 26.88 ⁇ 3.08°C, DO>5.0mg OL -1 , pH 7.8, ammonia nitrogen ⁇ 0.50mg NL -1 , nitrite nitrogen ⁇ 0.05mg NL -1 .
  • Average weight gain (g) average final weight - average initial weight
  • Feed to meat ratio food intake/fish body weight gain
  • the growth-promoting test results of copper aspartate complexes on fish are shown in Table 6.
  • the results show that the copper aspartate complex provided by the present invention can significantly increase the daily gain of the test fish and improve the ratio of feed to meat within the limited range of animal physiological requirements.
  • the improvement of production performance has a better effect.

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Abstract

一种天冬氨酸铜配合物、其应用以及包含所述天冬氨酸铜配合物的饲用组合物。所述天冬氨酸铜配合物的化学结构为[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n，其中，Asp为L-Asp或DL-Asp，m为0-10中的任意整数，n为0-10中的任意值。所述天冬氨酸铜配合物应用在养殖动物中，以铜元素计，生理需要量的使用量就可对各个阶段生长周期的畜禽发生促进生长的效果，并且在高剂量使用时动物的生长性能正常，克服了高剂量无机铜在养殖业中超量使用给动物造成的危害等问题。

Description

一种天冬氨酸铜配合物及其应用 技术领域：
本申请涉及动物饲料添加剂领域，具体涉及一种天冬氨酸铜配合物及其在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用。
背景技术：
铜是动物必须的微量元素之一，是动物体内的一些酶的关键中心和活动中心和各种氧化酶的辅助因子及凝血因子V和MT的组成成分，维护正常的造血机能、骨、血管和皮肤的正常结构、中枢神经系统的健康，保护毛发正常的色素和结构，保护机体细胞免受超氧离子的毒害。1984年，K.Kaemmerer报道铜缺乏可严重延缓动物的生长，重新供应铜可迅速恢复动物的生长。动物对铜的营养需要量是5mg/kg～8mg/kg。
自1945年有研究发现高铜能明显提高猪的生长性能以来幼龄仔猪的养殖均采用200mg/kg～250mg/kg的高铜养殖原料来提高其生长性能缩短养殖周期。无机铜的可利用性与其溶解度有关，溶解度高的比溶解度低的可利用性强，无机铜中硫酸铜效果最佳，与有机铜、螯合铜效果相差无几，因此从成本优势上无机铜尤其是硫酸铜成为仔猪饲料中的高铜的主要来源。但是，高铜具有与抗生素相似的功效，对常规方法饲养的仔猪有显著的促生长效果而对无菌条件下饲养的猪却没有促生长作用，反而有降低生长的趋势。无机铜源本身的水溶性或其能在猪胃中被胃酸快速分解，从而大量的游离铜离子在胃中快速释放和被吸收，超过动物的生理限量从而导致毒性反应。在胃酸中大量释放的铜离子由于日粮中的植酸或纤维存在而被吸收致使只有少量的铜离子能到达小肠中后部起抗微生物的作用或被小肠吸收进入生物体内发挥其生物学功效，因此需要在饲料中添加高浓度的铜离子才能实现抗菌促生长的功效。超过生理限量的铜带来许多副作用，如高铜对机体脏器的损害、在器官中残留超标影响食品安全性、干扰其它营养成分的吸收以及未被使用的铜经粪便污染环境。
动物食用的铜源普遍分为二类：第一类，无机铜，如硫酸铜、氯化铜、氧化铜、醋酸铜、碳酸铜和硫化铜等；第二类，螯合物铜或有机无机铜复合物，如酪蛋白铜、奶蛋白铜、大豆蛋白铜、蛋氨酸铜、硬脂酸铜、盐酸赖氨酸铜。现有技术还表明高剂量的无机铜或是有机铜对单胃动物或禽类的生产性能的影响效果随着日龄的增长而呈现递减的趋势。
天冬氨酸对于哺乳动物来说非必需的，可由转氨基作用由草酰乙酸制造。
有鉴于此，特提出本申请。
发明内容：
本申请的目的包括提供一种安全的并对动物生长全期的生产性能具有改善效果的天冬氨 酸铜配合物。
本申请的目的还包括提供包含一种安全的并对动物生长全期的生产性能具有改善效果的天冬氨酸铜配合物的饲用组合物。
本申请的目的还包括提供所述天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用。
本申请的目的还包括提供所述天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物在制备动物饲料中的应用。
本申请的目的还包括，提供一种改善动物生产性能的方法。
为了实现本申请的至少一个目的，具体的技术方案如下：
一方面，本申请提供了一种化学结构为[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n的天冬氨酸铜配合物，其中，Asp为L-Asp或DL-Asp，m为0-10中的任意整数，n为0-10中的任意值。
在一技术方案中，所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物的化学结构为[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n，其中，Asp为L-Asp或DL-Asp，n为0-0.62中的任意值。
在一些实施例中，所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物的化学结构为以下中的任一种：
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000001
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种饲用组合物，该组合物包含本发明提供的天冬氨酸铜配合物的至少一种以及饲料、药学或食品可接受的辅料中的至少一种。
在一些技术方案中，所述饲用组合物还包含附加的动物饲料添加剂。
所述附加的动物饲料添加剂包括营养性饲料添加剂、非营养性饲料添加剂和药物性饲料添加剂。
在另一些技术方案中，所述的饲用组合物还包含饲料原料。
另一方面，本申请还提供了化学结构为[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n的天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用。
在一些技术方案中，所述的动物为各个生长阶段的家畜、家禽、水产动物或宠物。
另一方面，本申请还提供了化学结构为[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n的天冬氨酸铜配合物 及其饲用组合物在制备动物饲料中的应用。
在一些技术方案中，所述的动物为各个生长阶段的家畜、家禽、水产动物或宠物。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种改善动物生产性能的方法，包括：以包含本发明提供的化学结构为[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n的天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物的饲料进行动物饲喂；或者，将化学结构为[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n的天冬氨酸铜配合物、或包含化学结构为[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n的饲用组合物或饲料添加剂按动物生长需要量添加至动物的日粮中进行动物饲喂，所述天冬氨酸铜配合物、或饲用组合物或动物饲料添加剂的使用量以铜元素计及以动物日粮重量为基准，为5mg/kg～300mg/kg。
与已有技术相比，本申请具有有益效果包括：
本发明发现化学结构为[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n的天冬氨酸铜配合物应用在养殖动物中，以铜元素计，生理需要量的使用量就可对各个阶段生长周期的畜禽发生促进生长的效果，并且在高剂量使用时动物的生长性能正常，克服了高剂量无机铜在养殖业中超量使用给动物造成的危害等问题。
本申请的任一方面的任一实施方案可以与其他实施方案进行组合，只要它们之间不出现矛盾。此外，在本申请任一方面的任一实施方案中，任一技术特征可以适用于其它实施方案中的该技术特征，只要它们之间不会出现矛盾。
附图说明
图1化学式为[Cu(L-Asp)(H 2O) 2]的天冬氨酸铜配合物的红外衍射图谱。
图2化学式为[Cu(L-Asp)(H 2O) 2]的天冬氨酸铜配合物的制备原料混合物的红外衍射图谱。
具体实施方式
前面所述内容只是概述了本申请的某些方面，但不限于这些方面。上述涉及内容及其他方面的内容将在下面做更加具体完整的描述。
现在对本申请的某些实施方案进行详细描述，其实例由随附的结构式和化学式加以说明。本申请的意图涵盖所有的替代、修改和等同的技术方案，它们均包括在如权利要求定义的本申请的范围内。另外，本申请的某些技术特征为清楚可见，在多个独立的实施方案中分别进行描述，但也可以在单个实施例中以组合形式提供或以任意适合的子组合形式提供。
本发明提供一种化学结构为[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n的天冬氨酸铜配合物，其中，Asp为L-Asp或DL-Asp，m为0-10中的任意整数，n为0-10中的任意值。
本发明涉及的“配合物”是指由某种可溶性铜盐的一个铜离子与天冬氨酸根离子(化学结构为 -OOC-CH 2-CH(NH 2)-COO -，本发明中简称“Asp”)和水分子在接触的过程中，外部条件 与内部条件因素造成通过共价键和/或非共价分子间力按一定化学摩尔当量和/或非化学当量结合形成的稳定物质。
本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
天冬氨酸也叫天门冬氨酸，化学名为氨基丁二酸，英文名为Aspartic Acid，化学结构为HOOC-CH 2-CH(NH 2)-COOH。天冬氨酸中有不对称的碳原子(记为“- *CH(NH 2)-”)，具有旋光性，由于空间的排列位置不同，分为L型
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000002
和D型
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000004
互为对映异构体。由等量的D型和L型的天冬氨酸构成不具有旋光性的天冬氨酸的外消旋体，记为DL型
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000005
可以是天冬氨酸外消旋体混合物或外消旋体天冬氨酸。所述天冬氨酸外消旋体混合物为等量的D型和L型天冬氨酸的结晶混合物，所述的外消旋体天冬氨酸是D型和L型在晶格中交替排列形成的化合物。
所述天冬氨酸铜配合物可通过如下方案制备：
在一制备方案中，室温下将1化学摩尔当量天冬氨酸投入至含有2化学摩尔当量氢氧化钠15％(质量百分比)水溶液中，搅拌至澄清并将反应液冷却至室温后缓慢滴至含有1化学摩尔当量五水硫酸铜的40％(质量百分比)水溶液中，滴毕后继续搅拌反应，生成蓝色固体。反应液过滤，滤饼经水洗涤后加热干燥得固体产物。
在一实施例中，所述氢氧化钠可被等摩尔当量的氢氧化钾替代。
在一实施例中，所述的五水硫酸铜可被等摩尔当量的氯化铜及其水合物、溴化铜及其水合物、硝酸铜及其水合物等替代。
本发明涉及的配合物为天冬氨酸铜(Cu:Asp＝1:1)水合物，发明人通过结构鉴定技术确定该配合物中所含的水分中m个水分子作为晶体结构的完整组成部分与一个铜离子及一个Asp形成稳定的晶体结构，还有n个水分子与所述晶体结构按非化学当量结合。
进一步的，所述搅拌反应时间为0-4小时，以低速、中速或快速等速率进行搅拌，所述固体产物[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·n(H 2O)中m为0-10中的任意整数，n为0-10中的任意值。
在一些实施例中，m为0-2中的任意整数。
在一些实施例中，所述加热干燥为减压干燥法，加热温度为60-110℃，干燥箱压强为0-0.1MPa，所述固体产物[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n为n选自0-1中的任意值的天冬氨酸铜配合物。
在一些实施例中，所述加热干燥为减压干燥法，加热温度为110-150℃，干燥箱压强为 0-0.1MPa，所述固体产物[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n为m和n独立为0的天冬氨酸铜配合物。
在一些实施例中，所述的1化学摩尔当量天冬氨酸为L-型天冬氨酸，产物为[(Cu(II))(L-Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n。
在一些实施例中，所述的1化学摩尔当量天冬氨酸为DL-型天冬氨酸，产物为[(Cu(II))(DL-Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n。
在其中一些实施例中，所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物的结构为以下中的任一种：
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000006
本发明提供了一种包含所述天冬氨酸铜配合物中的至少一种以及饲料、药学或食品可接受的辅料中的至少一种的饲用组合物。
本发明涉及的“组合物”是指包含一种或一种以上的化合物组成有效成分的化合物集体。
本发明所述的“包含”为开放式表达，既包括本发明所明指的内容，但并不排除其他方面的内容。
本发明所述的“饲料、药学或食品可接受的”是指物质或组合物必须是适合化学或毒理学的，与组成的饲料、药品、食品或食用的养殖动物有关。
可选的，所述辅料包括饲料、药学或食品行业常用的载体、稀释剂、赋形剂、溶媒或它们的组合。
本发明的“载体”是指能够承载活性成分，改善其分散性，并有良好的化学稳定性和吸附性的可饲用物质，分为有机载体和无机载体。所述的有机载体般是含粗纤维多的物料，包括但不限于玉米粉、玉米芯粉、麦麸、稻壳粉、脱脂米糠、统糠、玉米秸秆粉、花生壳粉等。所述的无机载体一般是矿物质，主要分为钙盐类和硅的氧化物类，用于微量元素预混料的制作，包括但不限于碳酸钙、硅酸盐、蛭石、沸石、海泡石等。
本发明涉及的“稀释剂”是指将添加剂原料均匀分布于物料中，将高浓度的添加剂原料稀释为低浓度的预混剂或预混料的物质，可将微量成分彼此分开，减少活性成分之间的相互反应，以增加活性成分的稳定性但不影响有关物质的物化性质。稀释剂的种类分为有机稀释剂 和无机稀释剂，常见的有机稀释剂包括但不限于玉米粉、去胚玉米粉、右旋糖(葡萄糖)、蔗糖、带有麸皮的粗小麦粉、炒大豆粉、次粉、玉米蛋白粉等，常用的无机稀释剂包括但不限于石灰石、磷酸二氢钙、贝壳粉、高岭土(白陶土)、食盐和硫酸钠。
所述的赋形剂为使物质本身固有的黏性诱发出来的润湿剂、使物质黏合起来的粘合剂、使物质整体的片状物裂碎为许多细小颗粒的崩解剂、降低颗粒间摩擦力的助留剂或防止物料黏着的抗黏剂，包括但不限于硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、植物油、月桂醇硫酸镁、淀粉、淀粉浆、水、无机盐、糊精、糖粉等。
本发明涉及的“溶媒”是指溶解或分散固体所需的溶剂，包括但不限于水、乙醇、甘油等。
在一些实施方案中，所述的饲用组合物进一步包含附加的动物饲料添加剂。
所述附加的动物饲料添加剂为营养性饲料添加剂、一般饲料添加剂或药物饲料添加剂。
所述的营养性饲料添加剂是指添加到配合饲料中，平衡饲料养分，提高饲料利用率，直接对动物发挥营养作用的少量或微量物质，为氨基酸、氨基酸盐及其类似物、维生素及类维生素、矿物元素及其络(螯)合物、微生物酶制剂或非蛋白氮。
所述的一般饲料添加剂也叫非营养性添加剂，是指加入到饲料中用于改善饲料利用率、保证饲料质量和品质、有利于动物健康或代谢的一些非营养性物质，包括生长促进剂、驱虫保健剂、调味和诱食剂、饲料调质剂、饲料调制剂、饲料贮藏剂和中草药添加剂。
具体地，所述的药物饲料添加剂包括但不限于具有预防动物疾病、促进动物生长作用并可在饲料中长期添加使用而掺入载体或稀释剂的兽药预混合物质。
在一些实施方案中，所述的饲用组合物可包含饲料原料，所述的饲料原料选自非饲料添加剂的可用于加工制作饲料的动物、植物、微生物或矿物等饲用物质。
所述的动物饲料原料等同于饲料中可接受的原料，具体为谷物及其加工产品，油料籽实及其加工产品，豆科作物籽实及其加工产品，块茎、块根及其加工产品，其它籽实、果实类产品及其加工产品，饲草、粗饲料及其加工产品，其它植物、藻类及其加工产品，乳制品及其副产品，陆生动物产品及其副产品，鱼、其它水生生物及其副产品，矿物质，微生物发酵产品及副产品，其它饲料原料等饲用物质。
在一些实施方案中，所述饲用组合物为添加剂预混合饲料、浓缩饲料、配合饲料或精料补充料。
所述的饲料添加剂预混合饲料，是指以矿物质微量元素、维生素、微生物、氨基酸中任何两类或两类以上的营养性饲料添加剂为主，与本发明提供的天冬氨酸铜配合物或其他饲料添加剂、载体和(或)稀释剂按照一定比例配制的均匀混合物，其中营养性饲料添加剂的含 量能够满足其适用动物特定生理阶段的基本营养需求，所述天冬氨酸铜配合物在配合饲料、精料补充料或动物饮用水中的添加量以铜元素计为5mg/kg～300mg/kg。
所述的浓缩饲料是指主要有蛋白质、矿物质和饲料添加剂按照一定比例配制的饲料。
所述的配合饲料是指根据养殖动物营养需要，将多种饲料原料和饲料添加剂按照一定比例配制的饲料。
所述的精料补充料是指为补充草食动物的营养，将多种饲料原料和饲料添加剂按照一定比例配制的饲料。
本发明还提供了所述天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用。
在一些实施方案中，所述天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物应用于制备动物饲料添加剂中，所述的动物饲料添加剂为家畜饲料添加剂、家禽饲料添加剂、水产养殖动物饲料添加剂或宠物饲料添加剂。
本发明涉及的“动物”是指不能将无机物合成有机物，只能以有机物作为食料，以进行摄食、消化、吸收、呼吸、循环、排泄、感觉、运动和繁殖等为生命活动的人或养殖动物。
可选的，养殖动物包括家禽、家畜、水产动物以及人工饲养合法捕获的其他动物包括宠物。具体的，本发明涉及的家禽为各个生长阶段的鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽、鹌鹑或火鸡等食源性动物；本发明涉及的家畜为各个生长阶段的猪、牛、羊、家兔、马等食源性动物；本发明涉及的水产养殖动物为各个生长阶段的鱼、虾、泥鳅、蟹或鳝等；本发明涉及的宠物包括但不限于猫、狗、兔等。
具体地，应用所述天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物制备家畜饲料添加剂，所述的家畜包括但不限于各个生长阶段的猪、牛、羊、马、兔、貂等。
具体地，应用所述天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物制备家禽饲料添加剂，所述的家禽包括但不限于各个生长阶段的鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等。
在一些实施方案中，以所述天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物制备的动物饲料添加剂为预混剂、复合预混剂、水剂或颗粒剂。
本发明还提供了所述天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物在制备动物饲料中的应用，所述的动物饲料为家畜饲料、家禽饲料、水产养殖动物饲料或宠物饲料。
具体地，应用所述天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物制备家畜饲料，所述的家畜包括但不限于各个生长阶段的猪、牛、羊、马、兔、貂等。
具体地，应用所述天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物制备家禽饲料，所述的家禽包括但 不限于各个生长阶段的鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等。
在一些实施方案中，包含所述天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物制备的饲料为单一饲料、浓缩饲料、配合饲料、复合预混料或精料补充料。
具体地，所述的配合饲料为全价配合饲料。
在一些实施例中，所述天冬氨酸铜配合物在全价配合饲料中的添加量以铜元素计为5mg/kg～300mg/kg。
进一步的，所述的全价配合饲料是家畜全价配合饲料时，所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物的添加量以铜元素计为5mg/kg～250mg/kg。
具体的，所述的家畜为各个生长阶段的猪、牛、羊、马、兔、貂，优选为猪。
又进一步的，所述的全价配合饲料是家禽全价配合饲料，所述天冬氨酸铜配合物的添加量以铜元素计为8mg/kg～200mg/kg。
具体的，所述的家禽为各个生长阶段的鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等，优选为鸡和鸭。
本发明还提供了一种改善动物生产性能的方法，包括：以包含所述天冬氨酸铜配合物的饲料进行动物饲喂；或者，将所述天冬氨酸铜配合物及其饲用组合物或饲料添加剂按对应动物生长需要量添加至动物的日粮中进行动物饲喂，所述天冬氨酸铜配合物、或其饲用组合物或其添加剂的使用量，以铜元素计为5mg/kg～300mg/kg。
具有专业喂养知识的技术人员(简称“饲养人员”)根据经验可知动物的日粮缺乏铜元素将会延缓动物的生长发育，需要及时的补充铜元素的供给才能恢复动物的正常生长发育。在动物对铜元素的驱使下，饲养人员可自由选择不同的铜源来供给动物食用，该铜源包括本发明提供的天冬氨酸铜螯合物及包含该天冬氨酸铜配合物的饲用组合物、饲料或饲料添加剂，并且饲养人员根据各个生长阶段的动物对铜元素的营养需要量给与动物含有足够需要量的所述天冬氨酸铜配合物的动物食物。
在一些养殖方案中，所述的动物食物包括但不限于动物饲料、饲用组合物、基础日粮等。
在一些具体的养殖例中，所述的动物为各个生长阶段的家畜，优选为各个生长阶段的猪，当给与含有生理需要量的铜元素的包含所述天冬氨酸铜配合物的动物食物时，与硫酸铜养殖例、天冬氨酸养殖例或不给与对照养殖例的试验猪相比，试验猪的采食量、平均日增重和饲料报酬出现了改善效果。
在另一些具体的养殖例中，所述的动物为各个生长阶段的家禽，优选为各个生长阶段的鸡和鸭，当给与含有生理需要量的铜元素的包含所述天冬氨酸铜配合物的动物食物时，与硫酸铜养殖例、天冬氨酸养殖例或对照养殖例的试验鸡或鸭相比，试验鸡或鸭的饲料报酬出现 了改善效果，并且当所述天冬氨酸铜配合物的试验用量达到100-300mg/kg时试验鸡未出现与高剂量硫酸铜养殖例类似的动物中毒现象。
由此可见，本发明提供的天冬氨酸铜配合物相比于无机铜源在改善动物生长性能方面不但可以满足动物的生长需要还能显著的改善动物的生产性能。
下面将结合实施例对本申请的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本申请，而不应视为限制本申请的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例A天冬氨酸铜配合物的制备
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000007
所属领域的技术人员将认识到，用于制备本申请的L-天冬氨酸铜配合物的其他方法都被认为是在本申请的范围之内。例如，根据本申请那些非例证的L-天冬氨酸铜配合物的合成可以成功的被所述领域技术人员通过修饰方法完成，如通过利用其他试剂或将反应条件做一些常规修改。
室温下将50g L-天冬氨酸投入至含有30.99g氢氧化钠的200mL水的反应瓶中，搅拌溶解澄清，冷却至室温，将制备的L-天冬氨酸钠水溶液缓慢滴入至含有93.8g五水硫酸铜和250mL水(五水硫酸铜的澄清水溶液)的反应瓶中，有蓝色固体产生，约1.0h L-天冬氨酸钠水溶液滴加完毕，继续搅拌反应4.0h，过滤，滤饼100mL水洗涤，105℃干燥16h，得到84.6g产物为蓝色固体，收率94.9％。
产物的元素分析：Cu 26.40％，C 20.89％，H 4.04％，N6.07％。
红外衍射光谱检测结果分析：图1为产物的红外衍射光谱检测结果，图2为上述制备方案中产物的制备所需原料天冬氨酸和五水硫酸铜按照投料比简单混合所得混合物的红外衍射光谱检测结果。通过图1和图2的对比可知，图1中特征吸收峰数目明显减少，说明对称性高于天冬氨酸，并且图1吸收峰中未出现图2的氨基酸特征吸收峰2083cm-1；图2中在2500cm-1-3400cm-1有强而宽的吸收峰，而图1在3100cm-1-3400cm-1有较窄吸收峰，表明产物无游离-OH存在；图1在1600cm-1和1400cm-1附近出现羧基的配位特征峰，说明金属与羧 基发生配位。
通过结构确定技术、元素分析法、红外衍射光谱法证实本实施例所示制备方案获得的产物是结构式为
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000008
([(Cu(II))(L-Asp)(H 2O) 2]，化合物1)的L-天冬氨酸铜配合物。
另外，在一些批次中，上述制备方案中的产物在60-140℃的条件下进行减压干燥，通过结构确定技术、元素分析法、红外衍射光谱法和热重分析技术证实所获得的产物还有结构式为
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000009
([(Cu(II))(L-Asp)(H 2O) 2]·(H 2O) 0.34，化合物2，蓝色固体，含有非化学计量的水分2.74％)和
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000010
([(Cu(II))(L-Asp)(H 2O) 2]·(H 2O) 0.62，化合物3，蓝色固体，含有非化学计量的水分4.62％)。另外，当产物在150-209℃下进行减压干燥，通过结构确定技术、元素分析法、红外衍射光谱法和热重分析技术证实所获得的产物结构式为
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000011
([(Cu(II))(L-Asp)]，化合物4，灰白色固体)。
另外，发明人发现上述制备方案中的L-天冬氨酸替换为天冬氨酸外消旋体混合物或外消旋体天冬氨酸，依次按照化合物1、化合物4、化合物2的制备历程可获得产物依次为
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000012
([(Cu(II))(DL-Asp)(H 2O) 2]，化合物5，蓝色固体)、
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000013
([(Cu(II))(DL-Asp)]，化合物6，灰白色固体)、
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000014
([(Cu(II))(DL-Asp)(H 2O) 2]·(H 2O) 0.16，化合物7，蓝色固体，含有非化学计量的水分1.23％)。
实施例B养殖试验
B-1天冬氨酸铜配合物的促生长效果试验
①试验材料
试验动物：900只1日龄岭南黄快大肉鸡；150头断奶仔猪；
饲料：不含任何抗菌药物、铜源及促生长剂的鸡用基础饲料和猪用基础饲料；
受试样品：化合物1、化合物2、化合物3、化合物4、化合物5、化合物6、化合物7、
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000015
(化合物8，采用《化学世界》,2005,02,94-96提供的方法制备而得)、L-天冬氨酸、五水硫酸铜。
②试验方法
a、天冬氨酸铜配合物对岭南黄快大肉鸡的促生长试验
900只1日龄岭南黄快大型肉鸡随机分成18组，每组50只，对照组在饲料中仅添加生理推荐量5mg/kg的硫酸铜，其他各组在饲料中不添加任何铜元素补充剂按表1所示添加不同的受试样品后，自由采食，统计1～21日龄各试验组试验鸡的增重及饲料报酬，并比较硫酸铜与天冬氨酸铜配合物对肉鸡的促生长效应。
表1天冬氨酸铜配合物对肉鸡的促生长试验分组
组别 动物数量 平均初重(g) 生长促进剂 浓度(mg/kg)*
对照组 50 50 五水硫酸铜 5
五水硫酸铜-150 50 50 五水硫酸铜 150
五水硫酸铜-100 50 50 五水硫酸铜 100
五水硫酸铜-50 50 50 五水硫酸铜 50
化合物1-300 50 50 化合物1 300
化合物1-200 50 50 化合物1 200
化合物1-100 50 50 化合物1 100
化合物1-50 50 50 化合物1 50
化合物1-35 50 50 化合物1 35
化合物1-5 50 50 化合物1 5
化合物2-50 50 50 化合物2 50
化合物3-50 50 50 化合物3 50
化合物4-50 50 50 化合物4 50
化合物5-50 50 50 化合物5 50
化合物6-50 50 50 化合物6 50
化合物7-50 50 50 化合物7 50
化合物8-50 50 50 化合物8 50
L-天冬氨酸 50 50 L-天冬氨酸 105
*：不同生长促进剂的添加剂量是以化合物中的铜离子计，L-天冬氨酸组的添加量是与化合物1-50组的使用量下所含L-天冬氨酸一致的摩尔质量。
b、天冬氨酸铜配合物对猪的促生长试验
150头断奶仔猪如表2分组，每组10头，对照组在饲料中仅添加生理推荐量8mg/kg的硫酸铜，其他各组在饲料中不添加任何铜元素补充剂按表2所示添加不同的受试样品后，自由采食，统计断奶后30天各试验组试验猪的增重及饲料报酬，并比较硫酸铜与天冬氨酸铜配合物对猪的促生长效应。
表2天冬氨酸铜配合物对肉猪的促生长试验分组
组别 动物数量 平均初重(kg) 生长促进剂 浓度(mg/kg)*
不加促长剂对照组 10 8.36 五水硫酸铜 8
五水硫酸铜-250 10 8.31 五水硫酸铜 250
化合物1-150 10 8.42 化合物1 150
化合物1-100 10 8.38 化合物1 100
化合物1-50 10 8.25 化合物1 50
化合物1-35 10 8.31 化合物1 35
化合物1-8 10 8.44 化合物1 8
化合物2-50 10 8.35 化合物2 50
化合物3-50 10 8.32 化合物3 50
化合物4-50 10 8.40 化合物4 50
化合物5-50 10 8.51 化合物5 50
化合物6-50 10 8.37 化合物6 50
化合物7-50 10 8.44 化合物7 50
化合物8-50 10 8.29 化合物8 50
L-天冬氨酸 10 8.43 L-天冬氨酸 104
*：不同生长促进剂的添加剂量是以化合物中的铜离子计；L-天冬氨酸组的添加剂量是与化合物1-50组的使用量下所含L-天冬氨酸一致的摩尔质量。
③试验结果
a、天冬氨酸铜配合物对岭南黄快大肉鸡的促生长试验
在岭南黄快大肉鸡的饲养试验过程中，硫酸铜组中铜离子150mg/kg和100mg/kg组在试验的第二周，岭南黄快大肉鸡出现羽毛凌乱、皮肤发干等中毒症状，在试验结束前还出现少量死鸡现象，说明硫酸铜添加剂量为100mg/kg的饲料长期使用对肉鸡有毒副作用。50mg/kg铜离子的硫酸铜组没有出现临床可见的中毒症状，但试验期的相对增重率为98.9％，与不给药对照组接近，但料肉比较对照组高了0.048，饲料报酬得不到改善。化合物1、化合物2、化合物3、化合物4、化合物5、化合物6和化合物7的各试验组基本表现出良好的促生长作用并且试验鸡的体表特征正常，相对增重率可提高4.9％-19.6％，饲料报酬下降2.95％-6.34％，其中化合物1的添加量是50-100mg/kg的试验组的试验效果呈现了剂量效应。化合物4组相对增重率提高7.2％，饲料报酬下降3.23％。L-天冬氨酸组相对增重率提高4.2％，饲料报酬下降0.32％。试验结果提示天冬氨酸铜配合物具良好的安全性和促生长效果，但是不同构造的天冬氨酸铜配合物在相同添加量下对动物生长性能的影响效果不同(详见表3)。
表3天冬氨酸铜配合物对肉鸡的促生长试验结果
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000017
b、天冬氨酸铜配合物对猪的促生长试验
在猪的饲养试验过程中，高剂量的五水硫酸铜组(250mg/kg)有明显的促生长作用，试验期间的平增均重较不给药对照组提高12.66％，饲料报酬下降7.8％。化合物1、化合物2、化合物3、化合物4、化合物5、化合物6、化合物7和化合物8应用在本实验中，前七种化合物对试验猪均具有促进试验猪生长的效果，但是在同等剂量下化合物1、化合物2及化合物3对试验猪的饲料报酬的改善效果是化合物4约两倍，且在相似的饲料报酬下化合物1、化合物2、化合物3的使用剂量少于化合物4，而在该剂量下化合物8的试验猪的生产性能与对照组的基本接近。另外，化合物1在改善试验猪生产性能效果上呈现剂量效应，使用剂量是50mg/kg时与高剂量硫酸铜组的促生长效果及饲料报酬率相近(表4)，结果提示50mg/kg的化合物1可以代替高剂量硫酸铜在猪的养殖中应用。
表4天冬氨酸铜配合物对猪的促生长试验结果
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000019
B-2天冬氨酸铜配合物在水产料中的应用
(1)试验材料
试验用鱼：所用试验鱼为青鱼，当年鱼种，由广东省惠州市大丰鱼种场提供。健康活泼、规格一致的青鱼种在大网箱中(4×2×1.5m 3)饲养4周后才用于正式养殖试验，实验体系为浮性小网箱(规格1.1×1.1×1.1m 3)，每个小网箱均置有一个充气头，每天24h充气。小网箱与暂养网箱均置于试验场一个3500m 2的池塘中，池塘水深约1.5m，池塘水为充分曝气底下水。试验时，将饥饿1d的青鱼480尾随机分成10组，每组设4个重复，每个重复放12尾鱼，整体称重后随机放入28个网箱中，分别饲喂不同的试验饲料。
试验饲料：试验用饲料按表5配方自行配制，不同试验组按表6分别加入不同的铜元素补充剂(以铜离子计)。所用饲料原料经超微粉碎后通过江苏牧羊膨化机组制成粒径3mm浮性膨化饲料，出模温度130℃，通过喷油设备外喷3％豆油，阴凉处密封保存备用。
表5：试验用青鱼饲料配方及化学成分(％wt.)
原料组成 含量(％) 原料组成 含量(％)
鱼粉 9.0 豆油 3.0
肠衣粉 3.0 磷脂菜粕 9.0
豆粕 12.0 谷朊粉 4.0
菜粕 12.0 血球粉 2.0
味精蛋白 3.0 Vc-磷酸酯 0.1
次粉 12.6 磷酸二氢钙 1.8
面粉 17.0 氯化胆碱 0.2
膨润土 0.70 多维 0.1
米糠 10.0 微矿预混剂 0.5
(2)试验方法
试验管理：试验采用人工限食投喂，投食量每周调整一次，每组投喂水平(按初始体重)完全一致，每天投喂两次(7:30及15:00)，试验为期8周。试验期间定时对水质进行监控，养殖全程水温26.88±3.08℃、DO>5.0mg O L -1、pH 7.8、氨氮<0.50mg N L -1、亚硝酸盐氮<0.05mg N L -1。
参数统计：试验时，停喂1天后对各网箱鱼进行整体称重，计算其平均增重(g)和料肉比。计算公式如下：
平均增重(g)＝平均末重－平均初重；
料肉比＝摄食量/鱼体增重；
(3)试验结果
天冬氨酸铜配合物对鱼的促生长试验结果见表6。结果显示，本发明提供的天冬氨酸铜配合物在动物生理需求量的限定范围内均可明显提高试验鱼的日增重，改善料肉比，与等剂量的硫酸铜相比对养殖鱼的生产性能的改善具有更优的效果。
表6天冬氨酸铜配合物在水产料中的应用效果
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-000021

Claims (12)

  1. 一种化学结构为[(Cu(II))(Asp)(H 2O) m]·(H 2O) n的天冬氨酸铜配合物，其中，Asp为L-Asp或DL-Asp，m为0-10中的任意整数，n为0-10中的任意值。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物，其特征在于，所述的m为2，n为0-0.62中的任意值。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物，其特征在于，所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物为如下结构所示的任一种：
    Figure PCTCN2022078264-appb-100001
  4. 权利要求1-3任一项所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的动物饲料添加剂为适用于各个生长阶段的家畜、家禽、水产动物或宠物的饲料添加剂。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物在动物饲料中添加量以铜元素计为5mg/kg～300mg/kg。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物为铜元素补充剂，以铜元素计，在动物饲料中添加量为5mg/kg-35mg/kg。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物为促进动物生长促进剂。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物在动物饲料中添加量以铜元素计为5mg/kg～250mg/kg，所述动物为各个生长阶段的猪、鸡或鸭。
  10. 一种饲用组合物，其特征在于，包含权利要求1-3任一项所述的天冬氨酸铜配合物中的至少一种以及药学、食品或饲料可接受的载体、赋形剂、稀释剂、溶媒中的至少一种。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的饲用组合物，其特征在于，还包括附加的动物饲料添加剂。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的饲用组合物，其特征在于，还包括饲料原料。
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