WO2022143978A1 - 一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系 - Google Patents

一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系 Download PDF

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WO2022143978A1
WO2022143978A1 PCT/CN2021/143628 CN2021143628W WO2022143978A1 WO 2022143978 A1 WO2022143978 A1 WO 2022143978A1 CN 2021143628 W CN2021143628 W CN 2021143628W WO 2022143978 A1 WO2022143978 A1 WO 2022143978A1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
heat
gas
secondary battery
waste heat
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PCT/CN2021/143628
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵金保
曾静
张彦杰
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厦门大学
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Publication of WO2022143978A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022143978A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C21B3/08—Cooling slag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/08—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes with energy recovery
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2100/00—Exhaust gas
    • C21C2100/06—Energy from waste gas used in other processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • F27D2017/005—Systems for reclaiming waste heat including pyrolising the waste gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a secondary energy storage system based on the utilization of waste heat, in particular to a secondary energy storage system that utilizes the waste heat of a steel plant to provide a heat source for a high-temperature secondary battery.
  • Chemical power sources can obtain electrical energy from the grid or input electrical energy to the grid according to the actual situation of the public grid, thereby reducing the fluctuation of the grid, so it has great application value in maintaining the stable operation of the public grid.
  • the chemical power source can charge the grid and deliver electricity to the grid to meet the needs of users; when the grid power is surplus, the chemical power source obtains power from the grid and reduces the frequency of the grid to transfer the energy to the grid.
  • high temperature batteries have proven effective.
  • the sodium-sulfur battery is a high-temperature battery suitable for frequency modulation of the power grid, with an operating temperature of 300-350 °C.
  • Liquid metal battery (CN103155234) is also considered as a potential chemical power source for grid frequency modulation.
  • Another suitable high temperature cell is the high temperature secondary fuel cell invented in the patent (CN102473987). Inside the secondary fuel cell is a hydrogen-generating part made of metal fuel, which can react with water vapor at high temperature to generate hydrogen for the fuel cell to perform a discharge reaction, and can reduce the hydrogen-generating part by charging.
  • the hydrogen-producing fuel and the fuel electrode form a closed space, called the anode chamber, which stores the hydrogen and water vapor required for the reaction.
  • the battery system needs to be carried out under high temperature conditions, and the typical working temperature is 500-1000 °C.
  • the high temperature working environment makes the battery have high energy efficiency.
  • sufficient thermal energy is required from the outside.
  • the required thermal energy often needs to be provided by suitable heating elements, which in turn are driven by electricity from the public grid.
  • the overall efficiency of the high temperature secondary battery is significantly reduced due to the need for additional electrical power.
  • Blast furnace gas is a by-product in the production process of iron-making blast furnaces. Its calorific value is not high, but it can be used to generate electricity and generate high-temperature exhaust gas at 500-600 °C.
  • the blast furnace slag produced in the steel smelting process has a temperature of about 1450°C and has a large latent heat.
  • the temperature of the converter gas produced in the converter steelmaking process is 1550-1700°C, and the CO content is 40-80%.
  • the temperature of the billet produced by this process is about 900 °C, and the temperature of the steel slag is about 1550 °C.
  • the temperature of the coke oven gas is about 800°C, and the temperature of the coke is about 1050°C.
  • the temperature of the sintered ore is about 800°C.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, reasonably utilize the high-temperature waste heat of the iron and steel plant to maintain the high-temperature environment required by the high-temperature secondary battery, and improve the total energy efficiency of the high-temperature secondary battery.
  • the high-temperature waste heat of the iron and steel plant comes from the waste heat of the iron-making process, the waste heat of the steel-making process, the waste heat of the coking process and the waste heat of the sintering process.
  • the iron-making process waste heat comes from the blast furnace, preferably, the blast furnace gas waste heat and the blast furnace slag waste heat.
  • the waste heat of the steelmaking process comes from the converter, preferably, from the waste heat of the converter gas, the waste heat of the steel billet and the waste heat of the steel slag.
  • the waste heat of the coking process comes from the coke oven, preferably, from the waste heat of coke oven gas and coke.
  • the waste heat of the sintering process preferably, comes from the waste heat of sintered ore.
  • the high temperature waste heat temperature of the steel plant is above 500°C, and further preferably, the waste heat temperature is above 600°C.
  • the forms of waste heat mentioned above are divided into solid waste heat and gas waste heat.
  • the solid waste heat includes blast furnace slag waste heat, billet waste heat, steel slag waste heat, coke waste heat, sinter waste heat and the like.
  • the gas waste heat includes blast furnace gas waste heat, converter gas waste heat, coke oven gas waste heat, and the like.
  • the utilization method is to use the first fluid to exchange heat with the high-temperature solid.
  • the first fluid includes gas and liquid. After the first fluid is heated by the high-temperature solid, the temperature increases to obtain a high-temperature first fluid.
  • the high-temperature first fluid is supplied to the high-temperature secondary battery through the pipeline, so as to maintain the normal operation of the high-temperature secondary battery.
  • High temperature secondary batteries have different optimum operating temperatures for different designs.
  • the purpose can be achieved by selecting an appropriate first fluid, adjusting the initial temperature and flow rate of the first fluid, etc.
  • Another way to adjust the temperature of the high-temperature first fluid is to use a heat exchanger to exchange heat in the high-temperature first fluid with the second fluid to transfer heat, so as to adjust the temperature of the high-temperature first fluid.
  • the temperature of the high-temperature first fluid is higher than the optimum operating temperature of the high-temperature secondary battery, the temperature of the second fluid is lower than the temperature of the high-temperature first fluid, and the heat of the high-temperature first fluid is transferred to the second fluid by using a heat exchanger, Thereby, the temperature of the high temperature first fluid is lowered.
  • the second fluid mentioned at this time includes air, other high-temperature exhaust gases from steel plants, and the like.
  • the temperature of the second fluid is higher than the temperature of the high-temperature first fluid, and the heat of the second fluid is transferred to the high-temperature first fluid by using a heat exchanger, Thereby, the temperature of the high temperature first fluid is increased.
  • the second fluid mentioned at this time includes high-temperature exhaust gas from a steel plant and the like. Since the high-temperature first fluid still has a very high temperature after heating the high-temperature secondary battery, it can continue to be used by the steam turbine to generate electricity or provide heat for production and living equipment.
  • the first method of utilizing the waste heat of the gas is to directly supply the high-temperature first gas to the high-temperature secondary battery through a pipeline.
  • a second gas whose temperature is lower than the high-temperature first gas can be mixed with the high-temperature first gas through the pipeline, so as to reduce the high-temperature first gas
  • the purpose of the gas temperature includes other exhaust gas from the production line of the iron and steel plant, or foreign gas such as air and nitrogen.
  • the second gas whose temperature is higher than that of the high-temperature first gas such as other high-temperature exhaust gas from a steel plant, is input through the pipeline, so as to achieve a high temperature increase. Purpose. After the high-temperature first gas provides heat for the high-temperature secondary battery, it is continuously used by the steam turbine to generate electricity or provide heat for production and life.
  • the second method of utilizing the gas waste heat is to use a heat exchanger to transfer the waste heat of the high-temperature first gas to the second fluid, and use the heated second fluid to provide the heat to the high-temperature secondary battery.
  • the second fluid includes gas and liquid. According to the optimum working temperature of the high-temperature secondary battery, the type and flow rate of the fluid are adjusted so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the high-temperature first gas.
  • the advantage of the second utilization method is that the atmosphere of the original gas is not destroyed during the utilization of the waste heat, which is beneficial to the next utilization of the gas. For example, for coke oven gas and converter gas, its calorific value is high and its utilization value is large.
  • the second gas waste heat utilization method will not introduce gas of other components to affect the calorific value of coke oven gas and converter gas, which is beneficial to the follow-up. keep using it.
  • the temperature of the blast furnace gas is not high, it can be used for power generation because it contains CO and H 2 components.
  • the temperature of the exhaust gas produced is 500-600 °C, which also has great utilization value.
  • the exhaust gas of the gas turbine can be effectively used to heat the high temperature secondary battery by the gas waste heat according to the above-mentioned two gas waste heat utilization methods.
  • the various waste heat utilization methods listed above can be a combination of various methods in the actual use process.
  • the utilization method of solid waste heat is used in combination with the utilization method of gas waste heat, or the utilization method of the first gas waste heat is combined with the utilization method of the second gas waste heat.
  • a secondary energy storage system based on the utilization of waste heat in a steel plant.
  • the invention maintains the high-temperature working environment of the high-temperature secondary battery by utilizing the waste heat of the iron and steel plant, and can fully utilize the waste heat of the iron and steel plant to improve the energy efficiency of the high-temperature secondary battery.
  • the secondary energy storage system provided by the invention can obtain power from the power grid for charging at night when the power grid is in excess, and discharge and charge the power grid during the day when the power grid is short of power, so as to realize frequency regulation of the power grid.
  • the electrical energy stored in the high temperature secondary battery can also be supplied to the production operations of the steel plant, thereby reducing the electricity cost of the steel plant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the heat exchange system of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the heat exchange system of Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the heat exchange system of Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the heat exchange system of Embodiment 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the heat exchange system of Embodiment 5.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the heat exchange system of Embodiment 6.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the heat exchange system of Embodiment 7.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the heat exchange system of Embodiment 8.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system based on the utilization of waste heat in a steel plant in Example 9.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system based on the utilization of waste heat in a steel plant in Example 9.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of Example 1.
  • the temperature of molten iron and blast furnace slag produced in the ironmaking process of an iron and steel enterprise is about 1450°C.
  • the molten iron enters the next steelmaking process, and the blast furnace slag retains considerable thermal energy.
  • the discharge of blast furnace slag may be discontinuous, or not continuously discharged at one discharge outlet.
  • the blast furnace slag flows into the heat energy absorber through the slag groove, and the heat absorber is arranged on the flow channel of the blast furnace slag.
  • the fluid exchanges heat with the blast furnace slag in the heat absorber, and the heated fluid is supplied to the high temperature secondary battery through the pipeline to maintain the normal operation of the high temperature secondary battery.
  • the heat absorption is turned off
  • the valve of the heat absorber and the secondary battery is opened, and the valve of the heat absorber and the secondary battery that discharges molten iron and blast furnace slag is opened.
  • the fluid passes through the high temperature secondary battery, it is used by the steam generator to generate electricity.
  • the temperature of the first fluid is controlled by adjusting the type of the first fluid, the flow rate of the first fluid and the contact time between the first fluid and the blast furnace slag.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2, which is a modification of Embodiment 1.
  • Example 2 can further adjust the working temperature of the first fluid by using the second fluid. After the first fluid flows through the blast furnace slag heat absorber and is heated, it passes through a heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the second fluid, and then heats the high-temperature secondary battery. After the first fluid is heated to obtain a high-temperature first fluid, when its temperature is lower than the optimum working temperature of the high-temperature secondary battery, the temperature of the second fluid is higher than that of the high-temperature first fluid, and heat exchange can be performed with the first fluid.
  • the second fluid may be converter gas or coke oven gas, and the temperature of the converter flue gas is as high as 1000°C or more, typically 1600°C.
  • the temperature of the second fluid is lower than that of the high-temperature first fluid, and part of the second fluid can be led out to directly burn and heat the high-temperature secondary battery.
  • the first fluid may be air or water vapor.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of Example 3; Example 3, compared with Example 1 and Example 2, pays more attention to the combination of high temperature secondary battery and blast furnace slag processing.
  • the blast furnace slag continuously flows into the blast furnace slag reaction tower through the slag tank.
  • a sliding port is set under the blast furnace slag reaction tower, and the liquid slag is quantitatively fed into the counter-roll granulation device for granulation treatment.
  • the granulating fan sprays the gas into the reaction tower at a high speed, and when the temperature of the granulated slag is reduced to below 700 °C, the temperature of the heated granulated air is about 500 °C, which is mixed with the upper gas collecting pipe and the lower circulating hot air and then enters the dust removal together.
  • the large-particle high-temperature granulated slag exchanges heat with the circulating air in the lower part, and the temperature of the circulating air gradually increases.
  • the final slag is discharged through the slag discharge device at the lower part; while the temperature of the circulating air rises to about 600-800°C, it is discharged from the gas collecting pipe in the upper part of the shaft furnace and merges into the main air outlet pipe.
  • the dedusted gas passes through the high-temperature secondary battery to provide it with a high-temperature working environment.
  • the hot gas is then used by a steam generator to generate electricity.
  • the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the boiler is lower than 150 °C, and it can be blown into the reaction tower by the circulating fan for reuse.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 4; the converter is intermittently operated, and one furnace takes about 34 minutes, and the temperature of the converter gas is 1550-1700 ° C.
  • a heat exchanger is used to transfer the heat from a plurality of converter gases to the fluid, to obtain a continuous and uninterrupted heat source, and to obtain a heated high-temperature fluid and supply it to a high-temperature secondary battery.
  • the type and flow rate of the fluid are adjusted to adjust the temperature after heat exchange.
  • the temperature of the converter flue gas is as high as 1000°C or more, typically 1600°C, the temperature of the fluid can theoretically be heated to more than 1000°C, which can fully meet the working temperature requirements of 500-1000°C for high-temperature secondary batteries. After the high temperature fluid passes through the high temperature secondary battery, it can continue to be reused by the steam generator. Since the utilization of the heat in the converter gas in this embodiment does not affect the composition of the converter gas, the converter gas can be subsequently utilized or collected and processed according to the way the converter gas is utilized by the iron and steel plant.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 5.
  • Embodiment 5 is a modification of Embodiment 4.
  • FIG. According to the characteristics of the intermittent operation of the converter, Example 4 may not be able to continuously supply the fluid of a specific temperature to the high-temperature secondary battery due to the suspended discharge of the converter flue gas. Therefore, compared with Example 4, in this example, a high-temperature fluid reservoir is provided before the high-temperature secondary battery to store a certain volume of high-temperature fluid to meet the continuous and normal operation of the high-temperature secondary battery.
  • the working mode of this embodiment is as follows: The required storage amount is calculated based on the exhaust duration and stop time of the converter. During the period when the converter gas stops discharging, the heat exchanger does not work.
  • the heat exchanger works to exchange heat to obtain high temperature fluid.
  • the flow rate of the fluid for heat exchange is constant, which is convenient for control.
  • the flow velocity of the fluid passing through the heat exchanger is v1
  • the flow velocity of the fluid passing through the high temperature secondary battery is v2
  • the high temperature fluid passes through the high temperature secondary battery, it can continue to be reused by the steam generator.
  • the design of the high-temperature fluid temperature also needs to take into account the heat loss here.
  • the design of the reservoir can be optimized or the reservoir can be well insulated.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 6.
  • Embodiment 6 is a modification of Embodiment 4, which provides another way for the high-temperature secondary battery to continuously obtain heat.
  • the converter gas discharged from the converter is first stored in the converter gas storage tank, and then discharged at a certain flow rate, so as to ensure that when the converter stops discharging the converter gas, the converter gas in the converter gas storage tank can continue to communicate with the fluid. Heat exchange is performed, thereby ensuring continuous operation of the high-temperature secondary battery.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 7.
  • Blast furnace gas is a by-product of the ironmaking blast furnace production process and can be used for power generation.
  • gas turbine When a gas turbine is used for power generation, high temperature exhaust gas at 500-600°C is generated.
  • the blast furnace gas and the coke oven gas were first mixed in a certain proportion to form a mixed gas, and a sufficient calorific value was obtained to ensure the stable combustion of the gas turbine.
  • the gas After the gas is mixed, it enters the electrostatic precipitator to reduce the dust content of the gas to below 1 mg/m3, which meets the requirements of the dust concentration at the inlet of the gas compressor (not shown in the figure), and enters the gas compressor through the gas pipeline.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the gas turbine through the gas pipeline, where the gas and air are mixed and combusted in the gas turbine, and the high-pressure and high-temperature flue gas after combustion drives the impeller to drive the engine to generate electricity.
  • the high-temperature flue gas at 500-600°C discharged from the combustion of the gas turbine passes through the high-temperature secondary battery to provide the required high-temperature working environment for the high-temperature secondary battery, and then is used by the steam generator to generate electricity.
  • the exhaust gas temperature of the gas turbine can be controlled according to the operating parameters of the gas turbine.
  • the flue gas temperature is higher than 550°C, more preferably higher than 600°C.
  • the output of the mixed gas can be adjusted so that the mixed gas can be discharged continuously, ensuring the continuous operation of the gas generator, the high temperature secondary battery and the steam generator.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 8.
  • Embodiment 8 is a combination example of Embodiment 7 and Embodiment 4. As shown in FIG. Since the flue gas emitted by the gas generator is less than 600°C, it cannot fully meet the operating temperature requirements of the high-temperature secondary battery.
  • the temperature of the converter gas is as high as 1550-1700 °C, and the exhaust gas temperature of the gas generator can be increased by using a heat exchanger, and the heat required for this process is lower than the energy required to directly heat the room temperature fluid to the same temperature. After the gas generator is heated by the heat exchanger, it is supplied to the high temperature secondary battery. Compared with Example 7, this example can provide a higher temperature for a high temperature secondary battery.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system based on the utilization of waste heat in an iron and steel plant
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system based on the utilization of waste heat in an iron and steel plant.
  • the waste heat of the steel plant provides enough heat for the high-temperature secondary battery to ensure its normal operation.
  • the high-temperature secondary battery obtains power from the grid, reducing the frequency of the grid.
  • the high-temperature secondary battery transmits the power to the grid to meet the needs of users.
  • steel mills can make money from the difference between the price of electricity at night and during the day.
  • the high-temperature secondary battery can also be used in the daily production operations of the steel plant, thereby greatly reducing the electricity cost of the steel plant itself.
  • the present invention provides a secondary energy storage system based on the utilization of waste heat in iron and steel plants.
  • the energy storage system has a high temperature secondary battery and a heat source for heating the high temperature secondary battery.
  • the heat source comes from the exhaust heat and solid sensible heat of the iron-making process, the steel-making process, the coking process and the sintering process of the iron and steel plant.
  • the heat source can provide high-temperature waste heat of at least 500°C or higher for the high-temperature secondary battery.
  • the secondary energy storage system provided by the invention can obtain power from the power grid for charging at night when the power grid is in excess, and discharge and charge the power grid during the day when the power grid is short of power, thereby realizing frequency regulation of the power grid.
  • the electric energy stored in the high temperature secondary battery can also be supplied to the production operation of the steel plant, thereby reducing the electricity cost of the iron and steel plant and having industrial practicability.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系。所述的储能体系具有高温二次电池和为该高温二次电池进行加热的热源。所述的热源来自于钢铁厂的炼铁工序、炼钢工序、焦化工序和烧结工序的排气余热和固体显热。所述的热源可以为高温二次电池提供至少500℃以上的高温余热。本发明提供的二次储能体系可在电网电能过剩的夜间从电网获取电量进行充电，在电网电能短缺的白天进行放电给电网进行充电，实现对电网的调频。高温二次电池储存的电能也可以提供给钢铁厂的生产作业，从而降低钢铁厂的用电成本。

Description

一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系 技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于余热利用的二次储能体系，特别是涉及利用钢铁厂余热为高温二次电池提供热源的二次储能体系。
背景技术
化学电源可根据公共电网的实际情况从电网中获取电能或向电网输入电能，从而减小电网的波动，因此在维持公共电网的稳定运行中具有非常大的应用价值。当公共电力需求升高而短期超过基本负荷时，化学电源可以对电网充电，将电能输送给电网以满足用户的需求；当电网电能过剩时，化学电源从电网获取电能，降低电网的频率将能量储存在化学电源中。如上所述的化学电源中，高温电池被证明有效。钠硫电池是一种适合用于电网调频的高温电池，工作温度在300～350℃。液态金属电池(CN103155234)也被认为是一种有潜力的适用于电网调频的化学电源。另一种适用的高温电池是专利(CN102473987)中发明的高温二次燃料电池。在二次燃料电池内部设置有由金属燃料构成的产氢部件，可在高温下与水蒸气反应产生氢气供燃料电池进行放电反应，并且可以通过充电使产氢部件还原。产氢燃料与燃料极构成密闭空间，称为阳极室，储存反应所需要的的氢气和水蒸气。为使电化学反应和金属与燃料的化学反应顺利进行，该电池体系需要在高温条件下进行，典型的工作温度在500～1000℃。高温工作环境使得电池具有较高的能量效率。但是，为维持高温环境，需要外部提供充足的热能。所需热能往往需要通过合适的加热元件提供，而所述加热元件又通过来自公共电网的电力驱动。由于需要附加的电功率，所以高温二次电池的总效率明显降低。
钢铁工业是一个高耗能的产业，是耗电大户，电力成本相当高。在生产过程中产生的大量高温排气、排渣，具有很好的利用价值。高炉煤气是炼铁高炉生产过程中的副产品，热值不高，但可以利用于其进行发电，产生500～600℃的高温排气。钢铁的冶炼过程产生的高炉渣，温度在1450℃左右，潜热很大。转炉炼钢过程产生的转炉煤气温度为1550～1700℃，CO含量为40～80％。这部分烟气带出大量潜热和显热，具有非常高的利用价值。同时，该过程产生的钢坯温度为900℃左右，钢渣温度为1550℃左右。在焦化工序中，焦炉煤气的温度为800℃左右，焦炭温度为1050℃左右。在烧 结工序中，烧结矿的温度为800℃左右。以上所列为钢铁中典型的可利用余热，具有余热温度高、热量大的优点，具有很高的热利用价值。
发明内容
鉴于以上背景，本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处，合理利用钢铁厂的高温余热维持高温二次电池所需要的高温环境，提高高温二次电池的总能量效率的同时，也提升钢铁厂工作的总效率。
所述的钢铁厂的高温余热来自于炼铁工序余热、炼钢工序余热、焦化工序余热和烧结工序余热。所述的炼铁工序余热来自于高炉，优选的，来自于高炉煤气余热和高炉渣余热。所述的炼钢工序余热来自于转炉，优选的，来自于转炉煤气余热、钢坯余热和钢渣余热。所述的焦化工序余热来自于炼焦炉，优选的，来自于焦炉煤气余热和焦炭余热。所述的烧结工序余热，优选的，来自于烧结矿余热。
优选的，所述的钢铁厂的高温余热温度在500℃以上，进一步优选，余热温度在600℃以上。
根据余热的形式不同，利用其为高温二次电池提供热量的形式不同。以上所述的余热的形式分为固体余热和气体余热。所述的固体余热包括高炉渣余热、钢坯余热、钢渣余热、焦炭余热和烧结矿余热等。所述的气体余热包括高炉煤气余热、转炉煤气余热和焦炉煤气余热等。
针对所述的固体余热，其利用方式为利用第一流体与高温固体进行热交换。所述的第一流体包括气体和液体。所述的第一流体在被高温固体加热后，温度升高，得到高温第一流体。通过管道将高温第一流体提供给高温二次电池，维持高温二次电池的正常工作。针对不同的设计，高温二次电池具有不同的最佳工作温度。为了使第一流体维持高温二次电池在最佳的工作温度工作，根据固体余热温度的不同，可通过选择合适第一流体、调控第一流体的初始温度和流量等方式达到目的。调节高温第一流体温度的另一种方式是，利用换热器，将高温第一流体中的热量与第二流体进行热交换，进行热量的转移，从而达到调节高温第一流体温度的目的。当高温第一流体的温度高于高温二次电池的最佳工作温度时，第二流体温度低于高温第一流体温度，并且利用换热器将高温第一流体的热量转移到第二流体，从而降低高温第一流体的温度。此时所述的第二流体包括空气、钢铁厂的其他高温排气等。当高温第一流体的温度低于高温二次电池的最佳工作温度时，第二流体温度高于高温第一流体温度，并且利用换热 器将第二流体的热量转移到高温第一流体，从而提高高温第一流体的温度。此时所述的第二流体包括钢铁厂的高温排气等。由于高温第一流体在为高温二次电池加热后，仍具有很高温度，因此可以继续被蒸汽轮机用于发电或者为生产、生活设备等供热。
针对所述的气体余热，其利用方式有两种。第一种气体余热利用方式为，直接将高温第一气体通过管道提供给高温二次电池。当高温第一气体的温度高于高温二次电池的最佳工作温度时，可通过管道输入温度低于所述高温第一气体的第二气体与高温第一气体混合，以便达到降低高温第一气体温度的目的。所述第二气体包括来自于钢铁厂生产线的其他排气，或空气、氮气等外来气体。当高温第一气体的温度低于高温二次电池的最佳工作温度时，通过管道输入温度高于所述高温第一气体的第二气体，如钢铁厂其他高温排气，以便达到提高温度的目的。所述的高温第一气体在为高温二次电池提供热量之后，继续被蒸汽轮机用于发电或者为生产、生活等供热。
第二种气体余热的利用方式为，利用换热器，将高温第一气体的余热转递给第二流体，利用被加热的第二流体将热量提供给高温二次电池。所述的第二流体包括气体和液体。根据高温二次电池的最佳工作温度，调节流体的种类与流量，以便达到调节高温第一气体的目的。所述的第二种利用方式的优点是余热利用过程中不破坏原有气体的氛围，有利于气体的下一步利用。例如，对于焦炉煤气和转炉煤气，其热值较高，利用价值大，通过第二种气体余热利用方式不会引入其他成分的气体影响焦炉煤气和转炉煤气的热值，有利于后续的继续利用。
针对所述的高炉煤气，虽然其温度不高，但由于含有CO和H 2的成分，可以将其应用于发电。当高炉煤气通过燃气轮机进行发电时，产生的排气温度为500～600℃，也具有很大的利用价值。将燃气轮机的排气按以上所述的两种气体余热的利用方式，可以有效实现气体余热对高温二次电池进行加热。
以上所列举的各种余热的利用方式在实际使用过程中可以为多种方式的结合。例如，将固体余热的利用方式与气体余热的利用方式结合使用，或将第一种气体余热的利用方式与第二种气体余热的利用方式相结合。
根据本发明，能够提供一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系。本发明通过利用钢铁厂余热维持高温二次电池的高温工作环境，可充分利用钢铁厂余热来提升高温二次电池的能量效率。本发明提供的二次储能体系可在电网电能过剩的夜间从电网获取电量进行充电，在电网电能短缺的白天进行放电给电网进行充电，实现对电网的调 频。高温二次电池储存的电能也可以提供给钢铁厂的生产作业，从而降低钢铁厂的用电成本。
附图说明
图1示出实施例1的热交换系统示意图。
图2示出实施例2的热交换系统示意图。
图3示出实施例3的热交换系统示意图。
图4示出实施例4的热交换系统示意图。
图5示出实施例5的热交换系统示意图。
图6示出实施例6的热交换系统示意图。
图7示出实施例7的热交换系统示意图。
图8示出实施例8的热交换系统示意图。
图9为实施例9基于钢铁厂余热利用的储能体系示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例具体说明本发明的内容。以下的实施例仅是用于说明本发明的内容，并非限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
图1实施例1的示意图，钢铁企业的炼铁过程产生的铁水和高炉渣，温度在1450℃左右，铁水进入下道炼钢工序，高炉渣保有相当的热能。在本实施例1中，高炉渣的排放可能是不连续的，或者不在一排出口连续排放，本实施例在高炉渣经过渣槽流入热能吸收器，热吸收器设置在高炉渣的流道上，流体在热吸收器内与高炉渣进行热交换，被加热的流体通过管道提供给高温二次电池，维持高温二次电池的正常工作，当高排放口不排出铁水和高炉渣时关闭该热吸收器与二次电池的阀门，开启另一路排放铁水和高炉渣的热吸收器与二次电池的阀门。流体经过高温二次电池后，被蒸汽发电机用于发电。该实施例中，通过调节第一流体的种类，调控第一流体的流量及第一流体与高炉渣的接触时间来实现对第一流体温度的控制。
实施例2
图2实施例2的示意图，实施例2为实施例1的变形例。相比于实施例1，实施例2利用第二流体可以进一步对第一流体的工作温度进行调节。第一流体在流经高炉渣热吸收器被加热后，经过热交换器，与第二流体进行热交换后，再对高温二次电池进行加热。第一流体被加热得到高温第一流体后，当其温度低于高温二次电池最佳工作温度时，第二流体温度高于高温第一流体可以与第一流体进行热交换。优选的，第二流体可以为转炉煤气或焦炉煤气，转炉烟气的温度高达1000℃以上，典型的为1600℃。当高温第一流体的温度高于高温二次电池最佳工作温度时，第二流体温度低于高温第一流体，第二流体可以部分导出直接燃烧加热高温二次电池。优选的，第一流体可以为空气或水蒸汽。
实施例3
图3实施例3的示意图；实施例3相比于实施例1和实施例2，更注重于高温二次电池与高炉渣的加工处理相结合。高炉渣经过渣槽连续流入高炉渣反应塔。在高炉渣反应塔下设滑动口，将液渣定量的加入对辊粒化装置中进行粒化处理。造粒风机将气体高速喷入反应塔内，再使粒化渣温度降低到700℃以下时，加热后的粒化风温度约为500℃，由上部集气管与下部循环热风混合后一起进入除尘器，除去细颗粒渣。大颗粒的高温粒化渣与下部的循环风逆流换热，循环风温度逐渐升高。最终炉渣在下部通过排渣装置排出；而循环风温度上升到约600～800℃由竖炉上部的集气管排出，汇入主风出口管道。除尘后的气体经过高温二次电池，为其提供高温工作环境。高温气体随后被蒸汽发电机用于发电。换热后锅炉排出的尾气温度低于150℃，可通过循环风机鼓入反应塔再次利用。
实施例4
图4实施例4的示意图；转炉是间歇性作业，一炉大约34分钟，转炉煤气的温度为1550～1700℃，钢铁企业一般是多台转炉交错工作的，。在实施例4，利用换热器将多个转炉煤气中的热量转移到流体中，得到连续不间断的热源，获得被加热的高温流体并将其提供给高温二次电池。根据高温二次电池的最佳工作温度，调节流体的种类与流量来调节换热之后的温度。由于转炉烟气的温度高达1000℃以上，典型的为 1600℃，因此所述流体的温度理论上也可以被加热到1000℃以上，可以完全满足高温二次电池500～1000℃的工作温度要求。所述的高温流体在经过高温二次电池之后，可继续被蒸汽发电机再次利用。由于该实施例中对转炉煤气中热量的利用并不会影响转炉煤气的成分，因此转炉煤气可以按照钢铁厂对转炉煤气的利用方式，对其进行后续的利用或收集处理。
实施例5
图5实施例5的示意图，实施例5为实施例4的变形例。根据转炉采用间歇性作业的特点，实施例4可能会因转炉烟气的暂停排放造成无法连续供应特定温度的所述流体给高温二次电池。因此，相比于实施例4，该实施例在高温二次电池之前设置高温流体储存器，用于储存一定体积的高温流体，以满足高温二次电池的连续正常运转。该实施例的工作模式如下：根据转炉的排气持续时间和停止时间，计算出所需储存的量。在转炉煤气停止排出时段内，换热器不工作。在转炉煤气排出时段内，热交换器工作进行热交换得到高温流体。优选的，进行热交换的流体流速不变，方便进行控制。假设经过换热器的流体流速为v1，流体经过高温二次电池的流速为v2，根据实际情况可知v1>v2。因此，需要经过合理的计算得到流速，使得在转炉煤气排出时段内储存的流体的量足够支持在转炉煤气停止排出时段内使用。所述的高温流体在经过高温二次电池之后，可继续被蒸汽发电机再次利用。由于高温流体在储存过程中，会与环境进行热交换，因此高温流体温度的设计也需要将此处损失的热量考虑在内。为降低高温流体与环境的热交换，可对储存器的设计进行优化或对储存器进行良好的保热措施。
实施例6
图6实施例6的示意图，实施例6为实施例4的变形例，为高温二次电池连续获得热量提供另一种方式。实施例6中，从转炉排出的转炉煤气先经过转炉煤气储存罐进行储存，再以一定的流速进行排出，以便保证在转炉暂停排放转炉煤气时，转炉煤气储存罐中的转炉煤气可以继续与流体进行热交换，从而保证高温二次电池的连续工作。
实施例7
图7实施例7的示意图，高炉煤气是炼铁高炉生产过程中的副产品，可以利用于其进行发电，当采用燃气轮机进行发电时，产生500～600℃的高温排气。在实施例7中，先将高炉煤气与焦炉煤气按一定比例混合，形成混合煤气，获得足够的热值保证燃气轮机的稳定燃烧。煤气混合后进入电除尘器，使煤气含尘量降至1 mg/m3以下，满足煤气压缩机(图中未示出)入口含尘浓度的要求，并经过煤气管道进入煤气压缩机。高温高压的煤气经过煤气管道进入燃气轮机，煤气与空气混合在燃气轮机中燃烧，燃烧后的高压高温烟气推动叶轮驱动发动机发电。燃气轮机燃烧完排出的500～600℃的高温烟气经过高温二次电池，为高温二次电池提供所需的高温工作环境后，再被蒸汽发电机利用进行发电。燃气轮机的排烟温度可根据调控燃气轮机的运行参数进行控制。为保证燃气轮机排出的烟气具有足够的温度保证高温二次电池的正常运行，优选的，使排烟温度高于550℃，进一步优选的，高于600℃。排烟在加热高温二次电池后，继续被蒸汽发电机用于发电。在该实施例中，由于高炉煤气是不连续排放的，因此可通过调节混合煤气的输出量，是混合煤气可以连续排出，保证燃气发电机、高温二次电池和蒸汽发电机的连续工作。
实施例8
图8实施例8的示意图，实施例8为实施例7和实施例4的结合例。由于燃气发电机排出的烟气小于600℃，不能完全满足高温二次电池的工作温度需求。而转炉煤气的温度高达1550～1700℃，利用换热器可以将燃气发电机的排烟温度升高，而该过程需要的热量比直接加热室温流体到相同温度所需耗费的能量低。燃气发电机进过换热器加热后，再提供给高温二次电池。相比于实施例7，该实施例可以为高温二次电池提供更高的温度。
实施例9
图9基于钢铁厂余热利用的储能体系示意图，图9为基于钢铁厂余热利用的储能体系示意图。钢铁厂的余热为高温二次电池提供足够的热量保证其正常工作。在夜间，公共电网电能过剩，高温二次电池从电网获取电能，降低电网的频率；而在白天，用户对电能的需求加大，高温二次电池将电能输送给电网，满足用户的需求。该过程中，钢铁厂可通过晚上与白天电能的差价中获取收益。同时，高温二次电池也可以用于钢铁厂日常的生产作业，从而大大降低钢铁厂自身的用电成本。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本发明提供了一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系。所述的储能体系具有高温二次电池和为该高温二次电池进行加热的热源。所述的热源来自于钢铁厂的炼铁工序、炼钢工序、焦化工序和烧结工序的排气余热和固体显热。所述的热源可以为高温二次电池提供至少500℃以上的高温余热。本发明提供的二次储能体系可在电网电能过剩的夜间从电网获取电量进行充电，在电网电能短缺的白天进行放电给电网进行充电，实现对电网的调频。高温二次电池储存的电能也可以提供给钢铁厂的生产作业，从而降低钢铁厂的用电成本,具有工业实用性。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系，其特征在于：具有高温二次电池和为该高温二次电池进行加热的热源；所述的热源来自于钢铁厂的炼铁工序、炼钢工序、焦化工序和烧结工序的排气余热和固体余热；所述的热源可以为高温二次电池提供至少500℃以上的高温余热。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系，其特征在于所述炼铁的工序的高炉渣经过渣槽流入热能吸收器，热吸收器设置在高炉渣的流道上，流体在热吸收器内与高炉渣进行热交换，被加热的流体通过管道提供给高温二次电池，维持高温二次电池的正常工作，二个该热吸收器交替向高温电池提供热源。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系，其特征在于所述炼铁的工序，第一流体在流经高炉渣热吸收器被加热后，再经过热交换器，与第二流体进行热交换后，再对高温二次电池进行加热，所述的第二流体为高温转炉煤气或焦炉煤气
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系，其特征在于所述炼钢的工序，转炉煤气的温度为1550～1700℃，利用换热器将多个转炉煤气中的热量转移到流体中，获得被加热的高温流体并将其提供给高温二次电池。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系，其特征在于所述炼铁的工序，高炉煤气是炼铁高炉生产过程中的副产品，燃烧高炉煤气的燃气轮机进行发电，燃气轮机燃烧完排出的500～600℃的高温烟气经过高温二次电池，为高温二次电池提供所需的高温工作环境。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种基于钢铁厂余热利用的二次储能体系，其特征在于将温度高达1550～1700℃的转炉煤气，利用换热器与所述燃气发电机的排出的烟气进行热交换后，再提供给高温二次电池。
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