WO2022143422A1 - 电池模组、动力电池和车辆 - Google Patents

电池模组、动力电池和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022143422A1
WO2022143422A1 PCT/CN2021/140934 CN2021140934W WO2022143422A1 WO 2022143422 A1 WO2022143422 A1 WO 2022143422A1 CN 2021140934 W CN2021140934 W CN 2021140934W WO 2022143422 A1 WO2022143422 A1 WO 2022143422A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
battery
explosion
layer
proof
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/140934
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王珏
魏艳彬
瓮百川
任荣彬
李勇
修书董
边立富
贾小庆
贾宇坤
Original Assignee
蜂巢能源科技股份有限公司
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Filing date
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Application filed by 蜂巢能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 蜂巢能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to US18/044,375 priority Critical patent/US20230352796A1/en
Priority to EP21914159.5A priority patent/EP4138191A1/en
Publication of WO2022143422A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022143422A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/503—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/512—Connection only in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular, to a battery module, a power battery and a vehicle.
  • the cells of most battery modules are arranged so that the explosion-proof vents of the cells face the same direction.
  • the high-temperature ejection from the explosion-proof vent will be sprayed towards Other cells facing the explosion-proof vent, and other cells affected are sprayed to other cells, resulting in a chain thermal runaway reaction, and ultimately the entire battery module thermal runaway.
  • the present disclosure provides a battery module, which has the advantage of small chain reaction after thermal runaway.
  • the present disclosure provides a power battery having the above-mentioned battery module.
  • the present disclosure provides a vehicle having the power battery as described above.
  • a battery module includes a plurality of battery core layers and a fixing bracket, the plurality of battery core layers are stacked and arranged, and each layer of the battery core layer includes a plurality of juxtaposed battery cores, each of the battery core layers
  • the battery core has an explosion-proof vent, wherein two adjacent layers of the battery core layer are configured such that more than half of the explosion-proof vents of one of the battery core layers face the first direction, and more than half of the battery core layers of the other layer are facing the first direction.
  • a plurality of battery cells are juxtaposed to form a battery core layer, and the multi-layer battery core layers are stacked and arranged, wherein two adjacent battery core layers are configured such that one of the battery core layers exceeds More than half of the explosion-proof vents face the first direction, and more than half of the explosion-proof vents of the other cell layer face the second direction, and the first direction is different from the second direction.
  • the high-temperature substance ejected from the out-of-control cell will affect other cells in the adjacent layer to a lesser extent, reducing the probability of damage to other cells in the adjacent layer. Reduce the probability of a chain thermal runaway reaction between cells.
  • the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction or the first direction is opposite to the second direction.
  • two adjacent layers of the battery core layers are configured such that: one of the battery core layers except for the remaining explosion-proof vents located at the edges faces the first direction, and the other layer of the battery core layers faces the first direction. All remaining blast vents in the core layer except those located at the edges face the second direction.
  • all the explosion-proof vents of the uppermost layer of the cell layers face upward, and all the explosion-proof vents of the lowermost cell layer face upwards Below; wherein, the multi-layered battery core layers are three layers, and all the explosion-proof openings of the middle layer of the battery core layers are facing the left side or the right side at the same time; or the multi-layer battery core layers are four layers or more than four layers, wherein in the multilayer battery core layer located between the uppermost battery core layer and the lowermost battery core layer, the direction of the explosion-proof vents of any two adjacent layers is: to the left and Alternately arranged to the right.
  • one of the explosion-proof vents located at the leftmost end of the uppermost layer of the battery core layers faces to the left, and one of the explosion-proof vents located at the most right end faces to the right.
  • the multiple explosion-proof vents located between the leftmost end and the rightmost end face upward;
  • the explosion-proof vent located at the leftmost end of the lowermost layer of the battery core layer faces the left, and the explosion-proof vent located at the rightmost end faces the left.
  • the explosion-proof vents face to the right, and the plurality of explosion-proof vents located between the leftmost end and the rightmost end face downwards;
  • the multi-layered cell layers are three layers, one of the explosion-proof vents located at the rightmost end of the cell layers in the middle layer faces to the right, and the rest of the explosion-proof vents face to the left; or the middle layer of the cell layers One of the explosion-proof openings located at the leftmost end of the battery core layer faces to the left, and the remaining explosion-proof openings face to the right.
  • the explosion-proof vent is configured in an arc shape and is disposed on the end face of the cell, and the explosion-proof vent is offset relative to the centerline of the cell.
  • a plurality of the battery cells are connected by connecting busbars, and the longitudinal ends of the connecting busbars are configured as arcs for avoiding the explosion-proof vent; the arcs at the longitudinal ends of the connecting busbars
  • the outer diameter is smaller than or equal to the arc inner diameter of the explosion-proof vent, so that at least a part of the end of the connecting busbar can completely or partially avoid the corresponding explosion-proof vent.
  • the connecting busbar includes: a first busbar, a second busbar, and a connecting portion connecting the first busbar and the second busbar, the first busbar and the second busbar The width of each of the second busbars is greater than the width of the connecting portion.
  • the fixing bracket includes: a bracket body, the bracket body is provided with a battery cell fixing hole, and the battery cell fixing hole has an insertion opening suitable for the insertion of the battery cell; a bottom baffle, the bottom baffle The plate is arranged on the other side of the cell fixing hole opposite to the insertion opening, and the bottom baffle plate extends inward from the outer peripheral edge of the cell fixing hole along the radial direction of the cell fixing hole, The side of the bottom baffle plate facing the insertion port is provided with baffle grooves.
  • the bottom baffle is configured as an annular baffle
  • an escape hole is formed in the center of the annular baffle, the escape hole communicates with the inner side and the outer side of the cell fixing hole, and the baffle is concave
  • the groove is configured as an annular groove, the annular groove surrounds the avoidance hole, the inner peripheral edge of the bottom baffle plate is provided with an annular retaining rib facing the insertion port, and the annular groove is connected to the annular retaining rib. adjacency.
  • the battery module further includes: a concentricity maintaining structure, the concentricity maintaining structure is configured to maintain the connection between the battery cell inserted into the battery cell fixing hole and the battery cell fixing hole Concentricity.
  • the concentricity maintaining structure is disposed on the wall surface of the cell fixing hole, and a plurality of the concentricity maintaining structures are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the cell fixing hole, and a plurality of the The concentricity maintaining structure is suitable for abutting with the cell inserted into the cell fixing hole.
  • At least two protrusions are provided on the peripheral wall of the cell fixing hole; the concentricity maintaining structure is configured as a holding protrusion, and the holding protrusion protrudes from the wall surface of the cell fixing hole The height of the protruding portion is greater than the height of the protruding portion protruding from the wall surface of the cell fixing hole.
  • the retaining protrusion is configured as an elongated structure, the protrusion has a wider circumferential dimension than the retaining protrusion, and the end face of the retaining protrusion facing the insertion port It is configured as a long guide surface, the end surface of the protruding portion facing the insertion port is configured as a short guide surface, and the size of the long guide surface in the axial direction of the cell fixing hole is larger than that of the short guide surface. size.
  • the distance between the starting position of the short guide surface and the insertion opening is smaller than the distance between the starting position of the long guide surface and the insertion opening.
  • the Sn and S modules further satisfy the relationship: 65% ⁇ Sn/S modules ⁇ 75%.
  • two of the cell layers adjacent to each other in one of the cell layers are a first cell and a second cell, and the cell adjacent to the one of the cell layers is a first cell and a second cell.
  • There is a third cell in another layer of the cells the first cell, the second cell and the third cell are arranged in a triangular shape, on a cross section perpendicular to the cell, The connection between the center of the third cell and the center of the first cell forms a first waist of a triangle, and the connection between the center of the third cell and the center of the second cell forms a second triangular shape.
  • the waist, the center of the first cell and the center of the second cell form a bottom edge of a triangle, the angle between the first waist and the bottom edge is ⁇ , and the second waist and the The included angle of the base is ⁇ , wherein ⁇ and ⁇ satisfy the relational expression: ⁇ + ⁇ 180°, and 60° ⁇ 90°, 60° ⁇ 90°.
  • the length of the first waist is A
  • the length of the base is B
  • the power battery according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes the battery module as described above.
  • a plurality of battery cells are juxtaposed to form a battery core layer, and the multi-layer battery core layers are stacked and arranged, wherein two adjacent battery core layers are configured to be more than half of one of the battery core layers.
  • the above explosion-proof vents face the first direction, and more than half of the explosion-proof vents of the other cell layer face the second direction, and the first direction is different from the second direction.
  • a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the power battery according to the above.
  • a plurality of cell layers are formed by juxtaposing a plurality of cell layers, and the multi-layer cell layers are stacked and arranged, wherein two adjacent cell layers are configured to be more than half of one cell layer.
  • the explosion-proof openings of the battery layer face the first direction, and more than half of the explosion-proof openings of the other cell layer face the second direction, and the first direction is different from the second direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is an arrangement diagram of a multi-layer cell layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is an arrangement diagram of a multi-layer cell layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a connecting busbar according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a battery cell and a fixing bracket according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 8 is the partial enlarged view of A place in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view at B in Fig. 8;
  • FIG. 10 is an arrangement diagram of a multilayer cell layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Cell layer 1 cell 11, explosion-proof vent 111, first cell 112, second cell 113, third cell 114, first waist 115, second waist 116, bottom edge 117,
  • the bracket body 21 The bracket body 21, the cell fixing hole 211, the insertion port 2111,
  • the battery module 100 the power battery and the vehicle according to the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • a battery module 100 includes a multi-layer battery core layer 1 and a fixing bracket 2 .
  • the multi-layer cell layers 1 are arranged in layers, and each cell layer 1 includes a plurality of juxtaposed cells 11 , and each cell 11 has an explosion-proof vent 111 .
  • the two cell layers 1 are configured such that more than half of the explosion-proof vents 111 of one cell layer 1 face the first direction F1, and more than half of the explosion-proof ports 111 of the other cell layer 1 face the second direction F2 , the first direction F1 is different from the second direction F2;
  • the fixing brackets 2 are respectively located on both sides of the multi-layer cell layer 1, and the two ends of each cell 11 are respectively fixed with the fixing brackets 2 on the same side.
  • a plurality of battery cells 11 can be provided, and the plurality of battery cells 11 can be juxtaposed to form a battery core layer 1 .
  • the stacking of the multilayer battery core layers 1 can facilitate multiple battery cells.
  • the arrangement of 11 makes the cells 11 and 11 more compact, and more cells 11 are arranged when the volume of the battery module 100 is limited to increase the power of the battery module 100 .
  • thermal runaway may occur in each cell 11 . After thermal runaway, the high-temperature material in the cell 11 is ejected from the explosion-proof vent 111 , and the two adjacent cell layers 1 are sprayed out.
  • the fixing bracket 2 can be used to fix the multilayer cell layer 1 , that is, to fix each cell 11 .
  • the cells of most battery modules are arranged so that the explosion-proof ports of the cells face the same direction.
  • the high-temperature ejection from the explosion-proof port will be sprayed towards the explosion-proof port.
  • the other cells facing the mouth, and the affected other cells are sprayed to other cells, resulting in a chain thermal runaway reaction, and finally the entire battery module thermal runaway.
  • the battery core layer 1 is formed by juxtaposing a plurality of battery cells 11 . More than half of the explosion-proof vents 111 of the one-layer cell layer 1 face the first direction F1, and more than half of the explosion-proof vents 111 of the other cell layer 1 face the second direction F2, and the first direction F1 is different from the second direction F2 .
  • the high-temperature substance ejected from the out-of-control cell 11 will less affect the other cells 11 in the adjacent layer, and reduce the other cells 11 in the adjacent layer.
  • the probability of damage reduces the probability of a chain thermal runaway reaction between the battery cells 11 and the battery cells 11 .
  • the first direction F1 is perpendicular to the second direction F2 or the first direction F1 is opposite to the second direction F2. Therefore, when a certain cell 11 in one of the two adjacent cell layers 1 is thermally out of control, the high-temperature substance ejected from the out-of-control cell 11 can have a lesser effect on other electric cells in the adjacent layers.
  • the core 11 reduces the probability of damage to other cells 11 in the adjacent layers.
  • two adjacent cell layers 1 are configured such that all the remaining explosion-proof vents 111 in one cell layer 1 excluding those located at the edge face the first direction F1 , it can be understood that the explosion-proof port 111 of the cell 11 at the edge of the layer faces the non-first direction F1, the layer may have two edge cells 11, and the explosion-proof port 111 of one of the edge cells 11 may face the first direction F1 , the explosion-proof port 111 of the other edge cell 11 faces the non-first direction F1; it is also possible that the explosion-proof ports 111 of the two edge cells 11 both face the non-first direction F1, and the explosion-proof ports 111 of the two edge cells 11 When both face the non-first direction F1, the direction of the explosion-proof vents 111 of the two edge cells 11 may be the same or different.
  • the explosion-proof vents 111 located at the edge are facing the second direction F2. It can be understood that the explosion-proof vents 111 of the cells 11 at the edge of the layer are facing the non-second direction F2.
  • This layer may have two For each edge cell 11, the explosion-proof port 111 of one edge cell 11 may face the second direction F2, and the explosion-proof port 111 of the other edge cell 11 may face the non-second direction F2; The ports 111 are all facing the non-second direction F2, and when the explosion-proof ports 111 of the two edge cells 11 are both facing the non-second direction F2, the explosion-proof ports 111 of the two edge cells 11 may be oriented the same or different. Therefore, when the thermal runaway occurs in the cells 11 at the edge, the influence on the adjacent cells 11 can be reduced, so that the adjacent cells 11 can work normally.
  • all the explosion-proof vents 111 of the uppermost cell layer 1 face upward, and all the lowermost cell layer 1 are directed upward.
  • the explosion-proof vent 111 faces downward. Therefore, when a certain cell 11 in the uppermost cell layer 1 is thermally out of control, the high-temperature substance will not be sprayed to other cells 11 in the same layer, nor will the high-temperature substance be sprayed to the lower cell.
  • Layer 1 can further reduce the impact on other cells 11, so that other cells 11 in the same layer and cells 11 in the lower layer can work normally.
  • the multilayer battery core layer 1 may be three layers, and all the explosion-proof openings 111 of the middle battery core layer 1 are oriented to the left side or to the right side at the same time. Therefore, when a certain cell 11 in the middle layer is thermally out of control, the high-temperature substance will not be sprayed to other layers, thereby reducing the influence on the cells 11 of other layers.
  • the multilayer battery core layer 1 may be four or more layers, wherein in the multilayer battery core layer 1 located between the uppermost battery core layer 1 and the lowermost battery core layer 1, any two adjacent explosion-proof vents
  • the orientations of 111 are alternately arranged to the left and to the right. Therefore, when any one of the multilayer battery core layers 1 is thermally out of control, high temperature substances will not be sprayed to other layers, thereby reducing the probability of damage to the battery cores 11 of other layers.
  • one explosion-proof vent 111 at the leftmost end faces the left, and one explosion-proof opening 111 at the rightmost end faces the left. Facing the right side, the multiple explosion-proof vents 111 located between the leftmost end and the rightmost end are facing upward; one explosion-proof vent 111 located at the leftmost end in the lowermost cell layer 1 faces the left, and one explosion-proof vent 111 located at the rightmost end Towards the right side, the plurality of explosion vents 111 located between the leftmost end and the rightmost end are directed downward.
  • the multilayer battery core layer 1 may be three layers, and one explosion-proof port 111 located at the rightmost end of the middle layer of the battery core layer 1 faces to the right side, and the other explosion-proof ports 111 face the left side, thus,
  • the high-temperature substance will not be sprayed to other cells 11 in the same layer, thereby reducing the number of cells in the middle cell layer 1 located at the farthest end.
  • the plurality of battery cells 11 may be connected by connecting bus bars 3 , and the connecting bus bars 3 may be conductive members connected to the positive electrode A1 and the negative electrode A2 of the battery module 100 ,
  • the longitudinal ends of the connecting busbar 3 are configured as arcs to avoid the explosion-proof vent 111; the arcuate outer diameter of the longitudinal ends of the connecting busbar 3 is smaller than or equal to the arc-shaped inner diameter of the explosion-proof opening 111, so that at least a part of the connecting busbar is The end of 3 can completely or partially avoid the corresponding explosion vent 111 .
  • the explosion-proof port 111 it is convenient for the explosion-proof port 111 to eject high-temperature substances during thermal runaway, and connecting the busbar 3 to avoid the explosion-proof port 111 can reduce the probability of the high-temperature substance melting or even short-circuiting the connection busbar 3 .
  • the explosion-proof vent 111 is configured in an arc shape and is disposed on the end face of the battery cell 11 , and the explosion-proof vent 111 is offset relative to the center line of the battery cell 11 .
  • the arc-shaped explosion-proof vent 111 can easily avoid the connection busbar 3 to reduce the shielding of the connection busbar 3 to the explosion-proof opening 111 .
  • the offset of the explosion-proof port 111 relative to the center line of the cell 11 can further avoid the connection bus bar 3 , thereby reducing the shielding of the explosion-proof port 111 by the connection bus bar 3 .
  • the explosion-proof opening 111 is close to the outer peripheral edge of the battery cell 11 , and the explosion-proof opening 111 is slender, thereby reducing the number of pairs of explosion-proof openings connecting the bus bars 3
  • the shielding area of 111 is convenient for the ejection of high-temperature substances during thermal runaway.
  • the connecting busbar 3 may include a first busbar 31 , a second busbar 32 and a connecting portion 33 connecting the first busbar 31 and the second busbar 32 , the width of each of the first busbar 31 and the second busbar 32 is greater than the width of the connecting portion 33 . Therefore, when the thermal runaway or the current is too large, the narrow connecting portion 33 is easily fused, which can prevent short circuit. Avoid other parts.
  • each of the first busbar 31 and the second busbar 32 is D1
  • the width of the connecting portion 33 is D2
  • D1 and D2 satisfy: 1 ⁇ D1/D2 ⁇ 60. Thereby, the fusing of the connection portion 33 can be further facilitated.
  • D1 and D2 further satisfy: 10 ⁇ D1/D2 ⁇ 30, and thus, the fusing of the connecting portion 33 can be further facilitated.
  • the connecting busbar 3 includes a first busbar 31 , a second busbar 32 , and a connecting portion 33 connecting the first busbar 31 and the second busbar 32 .
  • the portion 33 is arranged so as to straddle the explosion vent 111 . Therefore, when the battery cell 11 corresponding to the connection bus bar 3 is thermally out of control, the explosion-proof port 111 of the battery cell 11 sprays a high-temperature substance, and the connection portion 33 spans the explosion-proof port 111 to facilitate the connection portion 33 to be fused, which plays the role of preventing short circuits. .
  • the fixing bracket 2 includes a bracket body 21 and a bottom baffle 22 .
  • the bracket body 21 is provided with a cell fixing hole 211, and the cell fixing hole 211 has an insertion port 2111 suitable for the insertion of the cell 11;
  • the bottom baffle 22 is arranged on the other side of the cell fixing hole 211 opposite to the insertion port 2111,
  • the bottom baffle 22 extends inward from the outer peripheral edge of the cell fixing hole 211 along the radial direction of the cell fixing hole 211 .
  • the cell 11 can be inserted into the cell fixing hole 211 from the insertion port 2111, and the overlapping portion of the cell 11 and the cell fixing hole 211 is filled with fixing glue, and the fixing glue can fix the cell 11 and the cell.
  • the peripheral wall of the hole 211 is bonded, so that the battery cell 11 can be reliably fixed in the battery cell fixing hole 211, and the bottom baffle 22 can prevent at least part of the fixing glue from flowing out from the opposite side of the insertion port 2111;
  • the baffle groove 221 can store Fixing glue, so that the part of the battery cell 11 opposite to the baffle groove 221 can also be fixed with fixing glue, which further enhances the installation firmness of the battery cell 11 .
  • the baffle groove 221 can limit the fixing glue, and further prevent the fixing glue from flowing out from the opposite side of the insertion port 2111 .
  • the bottom baffle plate 22 may be configured as an annular baffle plate, and an avoidance hole 222 is formed in the center of the annular baffle plate, and the avoidance hole 222 communicates with the inner side and the outer side of the cell fixing hole 211 .
  • the connection bus bar 3 may be a conductive member connected to the positive electrode A1 and the negative electrode A2 of the battery module 100 , and the battery cell 11 can be connected to the battery module 100 through the avoidance hole 222 .
  • the connection bus bar 3 is connected to form a loop with the positive electrode A1 and the negative electrode A2 of the battery module 100 .
  • the baffle groove 221 is configured as an annular groove, and the annular groove surrounds the escape hole 222 .
  • the fixing glue can be stored in the annular groove, reducing or even preventing the fixing glue from overflowing from the avoidance hole 222.
  • the annular groove surrounding the avoidance hole 222 can facilitate the arrangement of the baffle groove 221 while preventing as much as possible.
  • the fixing glue overflows from the avoidance hole 222 .
  • the inner peripheral edge of the bottom baffle plate 22 is provided with an annular retaining rib 223 facing the insertion port 2111 , and the annular groove is adjacent to the annular retaining rib 223 .
  • the inner peripheral wall of the fixing hole 211 may define an annular baffle groove 221 , thereby facilitating the formation of the baffle groove 221 .
  • the fixing bracket 2 may further include a concentricity maintaining structure 4 , and the concentricity maintaining structure 4 is configured to maintain the battery cells 11 inserted into the battery cell fixing holes 211 and the battery cells to be fixed.
  • Concentricity of hole 211 As an achievable way, the concentricity maintaining structure 4 can be arranged on the wall surface of the cell fixing hole 211 , and a plurality of concentricity maintaining structures 4 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the cell fixing hole 211 , and the plurality of concentricity maintaining structures 4 The structure 4 is suitable for abutting with the cell 11 inserted into the cell fixing hole 211 .
  • the concentricity maintaining structure 4 can limit the position of the cell 11 and fix the cell 11 at the center of the cell fixing hole 211 , so that the cell 11 and the cell fixing hole 211 can be kept concentric, and the cell 11 and the cell 11 can be kept concentric.
  • the concentricity of the cell fixing holes 211 can facilitate the installation and fixation of the cell 11 , and also facilitate the connection of the cell 11 with the connection bus bar 3 .
  • At least two protruding parts 2112 are provided on the peripheral wall of the cell fixing hole 211 , and a concave part 2113 may be formed between the two adjacent protruding parts 2112 .
  • Setting at least two protruding parts 2112 on the peripheral wall of the core fixing hole 211 can facilitate the formation of a concave part 2113 between the two adjacent protruding parts 2112. Since the cell 11 and the cell fixing hole 211 need to be filled with fixing glue, The concave portion 2113 can facilitate the setting of the fixing glue in the cell fixing hole 211 to limit the fixing glue so that the fixing glue flows out of the battery fixing hole 211 as little as possible.
  • the at least two protruding portions 2112 can be clearance fit with the cells 11 inserted into the cell fixing holes 211, so that the recessed portions 2113 and the cells 11 inserted into the cell fixing holes 211 are also clearance fit.
  • the clearance fit between the battery cell 11 and the protruding portion 2112 and the concave portion 2113 can facilitate filling the fixing glue between the battery cell 11 and the battery cell fixing hole 211;
  • the height of the wall surface of the cell fixing hole 211 is greater than the height of the protruding portion 2112 protruding from the wall surface of the cell fixing hole 211, thereby ensuring that the fixing glue can be filled smoothly, and the cell 11 and the cell fixing hole 211 can be reliably bonded while maintaining
  • the protrusion can locate the cell 11 and fix the cell 11 in the center of the cell fixing hole 211, so that the cell 11 can be kept concentric with the cell fixing hole 211, and the concentricity of the cell 11 and the cell fixing hole 211 can facilitate the electrical
  • the retaining protrusions are configured as elongated structures, and the protrusions 2112 have a wider circumferential dimension than the retaining protrusions.
  • the holding protrusions can be in contact with the battery cells 11 as little as possible, and while the holding protrusions can locate the battery cells 11, the battery cells 11 have more area to bond the fixing glue, so that the battery cells 11 and The bonding of the cell fixing holes 211 is firmer.
  • the end surface of the retaining protrusion facing the insertion port 2111 is configured as a long guide surface 41
  • the end surface of the protrusion 2112 facing the insertion port 2111 is configured as a short guide surface 21121 .
  • the size of the upper long guide surface 41 is larger than that of the short guide surface 21121 . It can be understood that both the long guide surface 41 and the short guide surface 21121 can provide guidance for the battery cells 11 inserted into the battery cell fixing holes 211 , so as to facilitate the insertion of the battery cells 11 into the battery cell fixing holes 211 .
  • the height of the retaining protrusion protruding from the wall of the cell fixing hole 211 is greater than the height of the protrusion 2112 protruding from the wall of the cell fixing hole 211 , after the cell 11 is inserted into the cell fixing hole 211 , the retaining protrusion is always in contact with the cell 11 , and there is a gap between the protruding part 2112 and the battery core 11, the short guide surface 21121 can guide the battery core 11 into the battery core fixing hole 211, and the long guide surface 41 needs to guide the battery core 11.
  • the size of the surface 41 is larger than the size of the short guide surface 21121, which can reduce the processing steps and the processing difficulty under the premise of being easy to use.
  • the distance between the starting position of the short guide surface 21121 and the insertion opening 2111 is smaller than the distance between the starting position of the long guide surface 41 and the insertion opening 2111 . Therefore, when the battery cell 11 is installed in the battery cell fixing hole 211 , the short guide surface 21121 can first guide the battery cell 11 into the battery cell fixing hole 211 , and then the long guide surface 41 guides the battery cell 11 until it stops with the holding protrusion.
  • the cooperation of the long guide surface 41 and the short guide surface 21121 can smoothly install the battery cell 11 to the battery cell fixing hole 211, and at the same time, the volume of the holding protrusion can be reduced, and the relationship between the holding protrusion and the battery cell can be reduced.
  • the contact area of 11, while maintaining the protrusions that can locate the cell 11, allows more area of the cell 11 to bond the fixing glue, so that the bond between the cell 11 and the cell fixing hole 211 is firmer.
  • the orthographic projection areas of each cell 11 on the projection plane perpendicular to the cell 11 are respectively S1 , S2 . . . Sn, wherein all the cells 11
  • the orthographic projection area of the battery module 100 on the projection surface is the S module, wherein the Sn and S modules satisfy the relationship: 60% ⁇ Sn/S module ⁇ 85%. Therefore, within the limited space volume of the battery module 100 , the battery module 100 can include more battery cells 11 , thereby increasing the power of the battery module 100 .
  • the Sn and S modules further satisfy the relationship: 65% ⁇ Sn/S modules ⁇ 75%. Therefore, under the circumstance that the volume of the battery module 100 is limited, the battery cells 11 can be included as much as possible, thereby increasing the power of the battery module 100 .
  • two cells 11 adjacent to each other in one of the cell layers 1 are the first cell 112 and the second cell 113 , which are the same as the first cell 112 and the second cell 113 .
  • the first cell 112 , the second cell 113 and the third cell 114 are arranged in a triangular shape.
  • the connection between the center of the third cell 114 and the center of the first cell 112 forms the first waist 115 of a triangle
  • the connection between the center of the third cell 114 and the center of the second cell 113 forms a triangle.
  • the second waist 116, the center of the first cell 112 and the center of the second cell 113 form the bottom edge 117 of the triangle, the angle between the first waist 115 and the bottom edge 117 is ⁇ , and the second waist 116 and the bottom
  • the included angle of the side 117 is ⁇ , where ⁇ and ⁇ satisfy the relation: ⁇ + ⁇ 180°, and 60° ⁇ 90°, 60° ⁇ 90°.
  • the multi-layer cell layer 1 makes the compatibility of the battery module 100 better. More stable and reliable. ⁇ + ⁇ 180°, and the angle setting of 60° ⁇ 90°, 60° ⁇ 90° can improve the space utilization rate of the battery module 100 .
  • a water cooling structure 6 can also be arranged between every two layers of the cell layers 1, ⁇ + ⁇ 180°, and the angle setting of 60° ⁇ 90°, 60° ⁇ 90° can also be convenient for the battery cell 11
  • a water cooling structure 6 or a phase change material or the like is arranged in the gap.
  • the length of the first waist 115 is A
  • the length of the bottom edge 117 is B
  • the power battery according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes the battery module 100 as described above.
  • the battery core layer 1 is formed by juxtaposing a plurality of battery cells 11, and the multi-layer battery core layers 1 are stacked and arranged, wherein two adjacent layers of battery core layers 1 are configured as one layer of battery cells. More than half of the explosion-proof vents 111 of layer 1 face the first direction F1, and more than half of the explosion-proof vents 111 of the other cell layer 1 face the second direction F2, which is different from the second direction F2.
  • the high-temperature substance ejected from the out-of-control cell 11 will less affect the other cells 11 in the adjacent layer, and reduce the other cells 11 in the adjacent layer.
  • the probability of damage reduces the probability of a chain thermal runaway reaction between the battery cells 11 and the battery cells 11 .
  • a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the power battery according to the above.
  • the cell layer 1 is formed by juxtaposing a plurality of battery cells 11 , and the multi-layer cell layers 1 are arranged in layers, wherein two adjacent layers of the cell layers 1 are configured as one of the cell layers. More than half of the explosion-proof vents 111 of 1 face the first direction F1, and more than half of the explosion-proof vents 111 of the other cell layer 1 face the second direction F2, which is different from the second direction F2.
  • the high-temperature substance ejected from the out-of-control cell 11 will less affect the other cells 11 in the adjacent layer, and reduce the other cells 11 in the adjacent layer.
  • the probability of damage reduces the probability of a chain thermal runaway reaction between the battery cells 11 and the battery cells 11 .
  • the terms “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements.

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Abstract

本公开公开了一种电池模组、动力电池和车辆，电池模组包括多层电芯层和固定支架，多层电芯层层叠设置，每层电芯层包括多个并置的电芯，每个电芯具有防爆口，其中相邻的两层电芯层配置成：其中一层电芯层的超过半数以上的防爆口朝向第一方向，另一层电芯层的超过半数以上的防爆口朝向第二方向，第一方向与第二方向不同；以及固定支架分别位于多层电芯层的两侧，每个电芯的两端分别与同侧的固定支架固定。本公开的电池模组，其中一层的某个电芯发生热失控时，失控的电芯喷出的高温物质较小地影响与其相邻层的其它电芯，减小与其相邻层的其它电芯损坏的概率，降低电芯与电芯之间发生连锁热失控反应的概率。

Description

电池模组、动力电池和车辆
本公开要求于2020年12月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202011593065.3，申请名称为“电池模组、动力电池和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及车辆技术领域，尤其是涉及一种电池模组、动力电池和车辆。
背景技术
在车辆技术领域，大多电池模组的电芯布置成电芯的防爆口朝向方向一致，上述电池模组的某个电芯发生热失控时，其防爆口喷出的高温喷出物会喷向防爆口朝向的其它电芯，被影响的其它电芯再喷向其它电芯，导致连锁热失控反应，最终整个电池模组热失控。
申请内容
本公开提供一种电池模组，所述电池模组具有热失控后连锁反应小的优点。
本公开提供一种动力电池，所述动力电池具有如上所述的电池模组。
本公开提供一种车辆，所述车辆具有如上所述的动力电池。
根据本公开实施例的电池模组，包括多层电芯层和固定支架，多层所述电芯层层叠设置，每层所述电芯层包括多个并置的电芯，每个所述电芯具有防爆口，其中相邻的两层所述电芯层配置成：其中一层所述电芯层的超过半数以上的防爆口朝向第一方向，另一层所述电芯层的超过半数以上的防爆口朝向第二方向，所述第一方向与所述第二方向不同；以及所述固定支架分别位于多层所述电芯层的两侧，每个所述电芯的两端分别与同侧的所述固定支架固定。
根据本公开实施例的电池模组，通过将多个电芯并置形成电芯层，多层电芯层层叠设置，其中相邻的两层电芯层配置成其中一层电芯层的超过半数以上的防爆口朝向第一方向，另一层电芯层的超过半数以上的防爆口朝向第二方向，第一方向与第二方向不同。使得其中一层的某个电芯发生热失控时，失控的电芯喷出的高温物质较小地影响与其相邻层的其它电芯，减小与其相邻层的其它电芯损坏的概率，降低电芯与电芯之间发生连锁热失控反应的概率。
在一些实施例中，所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直或者所述第一方向与所述第二方向相反。
在一些实施例中，其中相邻的两层所述电芯层配置成：其中一层所述电芯层中除去位于边缘的剩余全部防爆口朝向所述第一方向，另一层所述电芯层中除去位于边缘的剩余全部防爆口朝向所述第二方向。
在一些实施例中，在多层所述电芯层中，最上面一层所述电芯层的全部所述防爆口朝向上方，最下面一层所述电芯层的全部所述防爆口朝向下方；其中，多层所述电芯层为三层，中间一层所述电芯层的全部所述防爆口同时朝向左侧或同时朝向右侧；或者多层所述电芯层为四层或四层以上，其中位于最上面所述电芯层和最下面所述电芯层之间的多层电芯层中，任意相邻两层所述防爆口的朝向为：以朝向左侧和朝向右侧交替地配置。
在一些实施例中，在多层所述电芯层中，最上面一层所述电芯层中位于最左端的一个所述防爆口朝向左侧、位于最右端的一个所述防爆口朝向右侧，位于最左端和最右端之间的多个所述防爆口朝向上方；最下面一层所述电芯层中位于最左端的一个所述防爆口朝向左侧、位于最右端的一个所述防爆口朝向右侧，位于最左端和最右端之间的多个所述防爆口朝向下方；
其中，多层所述电芯层为三层，中间一层所述电芯层中位于最右端的一个所述防爆口朝向右侧，其余所述防爆口朝向左侧；或者中间一层所述电芯层中位于最左端的一个所述防爆口朝向左侧，其余所述防爆口朝向右侧。
在一些实施例中，所述防爆口构造为弧形且设置于所述电芯的端面，所述防爆口相对所述电芯的中心线偏置。
在一些实施例中，多个所述电芯通过连接母排相连，所述连接母排的纵向两端构造为弧形以用于避让所述防爆口；所述连接母排的纵向两端的弧形外径小于或等于所述防爆口的弧形内径，从而使得至少一部分所述连接母排的端部能够完全或部分避开对应的所述防爆口。
在一些实施例中，所述连接母排包括：第一母排、第二母排和连接所述第一母排与所述第二母排的连接部，所述第一母排和所述第二母排中的每一个的宽度均大于所述连接部的宽度。
在一些实施例中，所述固定支架包括：支架本体，所述支架本体设置有电芯固定孔，所述电芯固定孔具有适于电芯插入的插入口；底部挡板，所述底部挡板设置于所述电芯固定孔的与所述插入口相对的另一侧，所述底部挡板从所述电芯固定孔的外周边缘沿所述电芯固定孔的径向向内延伸，所述底部挡板的朝向所述插入口的侧面设置有挡板凹槽。
在一些实施例中，所述底部挡板构造为环形挡板，所述环形挡板的中心形成有避让孔，所述避让孔连通所述电芯固定孔的内侧和外侧，所述挡板凹槽构造为环形凹槽，所述环形凹槽环绕所述避让孔，所述底部挡板的内周边缘设置有朝向所述插入口的环形挡筋，所述环形凹槽与所述环形挡筋邻接。
在一些实施例中，所述电池模组还包括：同心度保持结构，所述同心度保持结构设置成用于保持插入到所述电芯固定孔内的电芯与所述电芯固定孔的同心度。
在一些实施例中，所述同心度保持结构设置于所述电芯固定孔的壁面上，且多个所述同心度保持结构在所述电芯固定孔的周向上间隔布置，多个所述同心度保持结构适于与插入到所述电芯固定孔内的电芯抵接。
在一些实施例中，所述电芯固定孔的周壁上设置有至少两个凸出部；所述同心度保持结构构造为保持凸起，所述保持凸起突出所述电芯固定孔的壁面的高度大于所述凸出部突出所述电芯固定孔的壁面的高度。
在一些实施例中，所述保持凸起构造为细长结构，所述凸出部相比所述保持凸起具有更宽的周向尺寸，所述保持凸起的朝向所述插入口的端面构造为长导向面，所述凸出部的朝向所述插入口的端面构造为短导向面，在所述电芯固定孔的轴向上所述长导向面的尺寸大于所述短导向面的尺寸。
在一些实施例中，所述短导向面的起始位置与所述插入口的距离小于所述长导向面的起始位置与所述插入口的距离。
在一些实施例中，每个所述电芯在垂直于所述电芯的投影面上的正投影面积分别为S1、S2……Sn，其中全部所述电芯的总投影面积为S总＝S1+S2+……+Sn，所述电池模组在所述投影面的正投影面积为S模组，其中Sn和S模组满足关系式：60％≤Sn/S模组≤85％。
在一些实施例中，所述Sn和S模组进一步满足关系式：65％≤Sn/S模组≤75％。
在一些实施例中，在其中一层所述电芯层中彼此相邻的两个所述电芯为第一电芯和第二电芯，与该其中一层所述电芯层相邻的另一层所述电芯中存在第三电芯，所述第一电芯、所述第二电芯和所述第三电芯呈三角形布置，在垂直于所述电芯的横截面上，所述第三电芯的中心与所述第一电芯的中心连线形成三角形的第一腰，所述第三电芯的中心与所述第二电芯的中心连线形成三角形的第二腰，所述第一电芯的中心与所述第二电芯的中心连线形成三角形的底边，所述第一腰与所述底边的夹角为α，所述第二腰与所述底边的夹角为β，其中α和β满足关系式：α+β＜180°，且60°≤α≤90°，60°≤β≤90°。
在一些实施例中，所述第一腰的长度为A，所述底边的长度为B，其中A和B满足关系式：A/B＝1～1.1388。
根据本公开实施例的动力电池，包括根据如上所述的电池模组。
根据本公开实施例的动力电池，通过将多个电芯并置形成电芯层，多层电芯层层叠设置，其中相邻的两层电芯层配置成其中一层电芯层的超过半数以上的防爆口朝向第一方向，另一层电芯层的超过半数以上的防爆口朝向第二方向，第一方向与第二方向不同。使得其中一层的某个电芯发生热失控时，失控的电芯喷出的高温物质较小地影响与其相邻层的其它电芯，减小与其相邻层的其它电芯损坏的概率，降低电芯与电芯之间发生连锁热失控反应的概率。
根据本公开实施例的车辆，包括根据如上所述的动力电池。
根据本公开实施例的车辆，通过将多个电芯并置形成电芯层，多层电芯层层叠设置，其中相邻的两层电芯层配置成其中一层电芯层的超过半数以上的防爆口朝向第一方向，另一层电芯层的超过半数以上的防爆口朝向第二方向，第一方向与第二方向不同。使得其中一层的某个电芯发生热失控时，失控的电芯喷出的高温物质较小地影响与其相邻层的其它电芯，减小与其相邻层的其它电芯损坏的概率，降低电芯与电芯之间发生连锁热失控反应的概率。
本公开的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本公开的实践了解到。
附图说明
本公开的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本公开实施例的电池模组的结构示意图；
图2是根据本公开实施例的电池模组的爆炸图；
图3是根据本公开实施例的多层电芯层的排布图；
图4是根据本公开实施例的多层电芯层的排布图；
图5是根据本公开实施例的电池模组的局部结构示意图；
图6是根据本公开实施例的连接母排的结构示意图；
图7是根据本公开实施例的电芯和固定支架的安装示意图；
图8是图7中A处的局部放大图；
图9是图8中B处的局部放大图；
图10是根据本公开实施例的多层电芯层的排布图。
附图标记：
电池模组100，
电芯层1，电芯11，防爆口111，第一电芯112，第二电芯113，第三电芯114，第一腰115，第二腰116，底边117，
固定支架2，
支架本体21，电芯固定孔211，插入口2111，
凸出部2112，短导向面21121，凹入部2113，
底部挡板22，挡板凹槽221，避让孔222，环形挡筋223，
连接母排3，第一母排31，第二母排32，连接部33，
同心度保持结构4，长导向面41，
水冷结构6，
第一方向F1，第二方向F2，正极A1，负极A2。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。
下面参考附图描述根据本公开实施例的电池模组100、动力电池和车辆。
如图1-图4所示，根据本公开实施例的电池模组100，包括多层电芯层1和固定支架2。
具体而言，参考图2-图4，多层电芯层1层叠设置，每层电芯层1包括多个并置的电芯11，每个电芯11具有防爆口111，其中相邻的两层电芯层1配置成：其中一层电芯层1的超过半数以上的防爆口111朝向第一方向F1，另一层电芯层1的超过半数以上的防爆口111朝向第二方向F2，第一方向F1与第二方向F2不同；固定支架2分别位于多层电芯层1的两侧，每个电芯11的两端分别与同侧的固定支架2固定。
可以理解的是，为增大电池模组100的电量，可以设置多个电芯11，多个电芯11并置形成电芯层1，多层电芯层1层叠设置可以便于多个电芯11的布置，使得电芯11与电芯11之间更加紧凑，在电池模组100体积有限的情况下更多地布置电芯11，增大电池模组100的电量。在电池模组100工作的过程中，每个电芯11都有可能出现热失控现象，热失控后，电芯11内高温物质从防爆口111喷出，将相邻的两层电芯层1配置成其中一层电芯层1的超过半数以上的防爆口111朝向第一方向F1，另一层电芯层1的超过半数以上的防爆口111朝向第二方向F2，第一方向F1与第二方向F2不同，可以在其中一层的某个电芯11发生热失控时，失控的电芯11喷出的高温物质较小地影响与其相邻层的其它电芯11，减小与其相邻层的其它电芯11损坏的概率。固定支架2可以用于固定多层电芯层1，也即固定每个电芯11。
相关技术中，大多电池模组的电芯布置成电芯的防爆口朝向方向一致，上述电池模组的某个电芯发生热失控时，其防爆口喷出的高温喷出物会喷向防爆口朝向的其它电芯，被影响的其它电芯再喷向其它电芯，导致连锁热失控反应，最终整个电池模组热失控。
而根据本公开实施例的电池模组100，通过将多个电芯11并置形成电芯层1，多层电芯层1层叠设置，其中相邻的两层电芯层1配置成其中一层电芯层1的超过半数以上的防爆口111朝向第一方向F1，另一层电芯层1的超过半数以上的防爆口111朝向第二方向F2， 第一方向F1与第二方向F2不同。使得其中一层的某个电芯11发生热失控时，失控的电芯11喷出的高温物质较小地影响与其相邻层的其它电芯11，减小与其相邻层的其它电芯11损坏的概率，降低电芯11与电芯11之间发生连锁热失控反应的概率。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图3-图4所示，第一方向F1与第二方向F2垂直或者第一方向F1与第二方向F2相反。由此，相邻的两层电芯层1中的其中一层的某个电芯11发生热失控时，失控的电芯11喷出的高温物质可以较小地影响与其相邻层的其它电芯11，减小与其相邻层的其它电芯11损坏的概率。
结合图3-图4，根据本公开的一些实施例，其中相邻的两层电芯层1配置成：其中一层电芯层1中除去位于边缘的剩余全部防爆口111朝向第一方向F1，可以理解为，该层边缘的电芯11的防爆口111朝向非第一方向F1，该层可以有两个边缘电芯11，可以其中一个边缘电芯11的防爆口111朝向第一方向F1，另一个边缘电芯11的防爆口111朝向非第一方向F1；也可以两个边缘电芯11的防爆口111均朝向非第一方向F1，而且，两个边缘电芯11的防爆口111均朝向非第一方向F1时，这两个边缘电芯11的防爆口111朝向可以相同，也可以不同。
另一层电芯层1中除去位于边缘的剩余全部防爆口111朝向第二方向F2，可以理解为，该层边缘的电芯11的防爆口111朝向非第二方向F2，该层可以有两个边缘电芯11，可以其中一个边缘电芯11的防爆口111朝向第二方向F2，另一个边缘电芯11的防爆口111朝向非第二方向F2；也可以两个边缘电芯11的防爆口111均朝向非第二方向F2，而且，两个边缘电芯11的防爆口111均朝向非第二方向F2时，这两个边缘电芯11的防爆口111朝向可以相同，也可以不同。由此，当边缘的电芯11发生热失控时，可以减小对与其相邻的电芯11的影响，使得与其相邻的电芯11可以正常工作。
如图3所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，在多层电芯层1中，最上面一层电芯层1的全部防爆口111朝向上方，最下面一层电芯层1的全部防爆口111朝向下方。由此，当最上面一层电芯层1中的某个电芯11热失控时，不会将高温物质喷向同层的其它电芯11，也不会将高温物质喷向下层的电芯层1，进而可以减小对其它电芯11的影响，使得同层的其它电芯11和下层的电芯11均可以正常工作。
其中，多层电芯层1可以为三层，中间一层电芯层1的全部防爆口111同时朝向左侧或同时朝向右侧。由此，中间一层的某个电芯11发生热失控时，不会将高温物质喷向其它层，进而可以减小对其它层电芯11的影响。
或者，多层电芯层1可以为四层或四层以上，其中位于最上面电芯层1和最下面电芯层1之间的多层电芯层1中，任意相邻两层防爆口111的朝向为：以朝向左侧和朝向右侧交替地配置。由此，多层电芯层1中的任意一层发生热失控时，均不会将高温物质喷向其 它层，进而可以减小其它层的电芯11被损坏的概率。
结合图4，根据本公开的一些实施例，在多层电芯层1中，最上面一层电芯层1中位于最左端的一个防爆口111朝向左侧、位于最右端的一个防爆口111朝向右侧，位于最左端和最右端之间的多个防爆口111朝向上方；最下面一层电芯层1中位于最左端的一个防爆口111朝向左侧、位于最右端的一个防爆口111朝向右侧，位于最左端和最右端之间的多个防爆口111朝向下方。由此，最上面一层电芯层1中任意一个电芯11热失控时均不会将高温物质喷向其它电芯11，最下面一层电芯层1中任意一个电芯11热失控时均不会将高温物质喷向其它电芯11，进而可以降低最上面一层电芯层1中和最下面一层电芯层1中任意电芯11热失控时对其它电芯11的影响。
其中，如图4所示，多层电芯层1可以为三层，中间一层电芯层1中位于最右端的一个防爆口111朝向右侧，其余防爆口111朝向左侧，由此，使得中间一层电芯层1中位于最右端的电芯11热失控时，不会将高温物质喷向与其同层的其它电芯11，进而可以减小中间一层电芯层1中位于最右端的电芯11热失控时对其它电芯11的损害；或者中间一层电芯层1中位于最左端的一个防爆口111朝向左侧，其余防爆口111朝向右侧，由此，使得中间一层电芯层1中位于最左端的电芯11热失控时，不会将高温物质喷向与其同层的其它电芯11，进而可以减小中间一层电芯层1中位于最左端的电芯11热失控时对其它电芯11的损害。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图5所示，多个电芯11可以通过连接母排3相连，连接母排3可以为与电池模组100的正极A1和负极A2连接的导电件，连接母排3的纵向两端构造为弧形以用于避让防爆口111；连接母排3的纵向两端的弧形外径小于或等于防爆口111的弧形内径，从而使得至少一部分连接母排3的端部能够完全或部分避开对应的防爆口111。由此，热失控时可以便于防爆口111喷出高温物质，而且，连接母排3避让防爆口111可以减小高温物质融化甚至短路连接母排3的概率。
结合图3-图5，根据本公开的一些实施例，防爆口111构造为弧形且设置于电芯11的端面，防爆口111相对电芯11的中心线偏置。由此，弧形的防爆口111可以便于与连接母排3相互避让，减少连接母排3对防爆口111的遮挡，当电芯11发生热失控时，便于高温物质从防爆口111喷出。防爆口111相对电芯11的中心线偏置可以进一步与连接母排3避让，减少连接母排3对防爆口111的遮挡。
如图3-图5所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，防爆口111靠近电芯11的外周边缘，防爆口111为细长形，由此，可以减小连接母排3对防爆口111的遮挡面积，便于热失控时高温物质喷出。
在本公开的一些实施例中，参考图5-图6，连接母排3可以包括第一母排31、第二母 排32和连接第一母排31与第二母排32的连接部33，第一母排31和第二母排32中的每一个的宽度均大于连接部33的宽度。由此，当热失控或者电流太大时，较窄的连接部33容易熔断，起到防止短路的作用，同时，连接母排3连接在电芯11之间时，连接部33较窄也便于避让其它零部件。
第一母排31和第二母排32中的每一个的宽度为D1，连接部33的宽度为D2，并且D1与D2满足：1＜D1/D2≤60。由此，可以进一步便于连接部33的熔断。更进一步地，D1与D2进一步满足：10≤D1/D2≤30，由此，可以更进一步地便于连接部33的熔断。
结合图5-图6，根据本公开的一些实施例，连接母排3包括第一母排31、第二母排32和连接第一母排31与第二母排32的连接部33，连接部33以跨越防爆口111的形式被配置。由此，在连接母排3对应的电芯11热失控时，电芯11的防爆口111喷出高温物质，连接部33跨越防爆口111可以便于连接部33被熔断，起到防止短路的作用。
如图7-图9所示，根据本公开的一些实施例，固定支架2包括支架本体21和底部挡板22。支架本体21设置有电芯固定孔211，电芯固定孔211具有适于电芯11插入的插入口2111；底部挡板22设置于电芯固定孔211的与插入口2111相对的另一侧，底部挡板22从电芯固定孔211的外周边缘沿电芯固定孔211的径向向内延伸，底部挡板22的朝向插入口2111的侧面设置有挡板凹槽221。可以理解的是，电芯11可以从插入口2111插入到电芯固定孔211内，电芯11与电芯固定孔211的重合部分填充有固定胶，固定胶可以将电芯11与电芯固定孔211的周壁粘接，使得电芯11可靠地固定在电芯固定孔211内，底部挡板22可以阻挡至少部分固定胶从插入口2111相对的另一侧流出；挡板凹槽221可以储存固定胶，使得电芯11与挡板凹槽221相对的部分也可以有固定胶固定，进一步加强电芯11的安装牢固性。而且，挡板凹槽221可以对固定胶进行限位，进一步阻挡固定胶从插入口2111相对的另一侧流出。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图9所示，底部挡板22可以构造为环形挡板，环形挡板的中心形成有避让孔222，避让孔222连通电芯固定孔211的内侧和外侧。需要说明的是，电芯11的两端需要与连接母排3连接，连接母排3可以为与电池模组100的正极A1和负极A2连接的导电件，电芯11可以通过避让孔222与连接母排3连接，以与电池模组100的正极A1和负极A2形成回路。
参考图9，挡板凹槽221构造为环形凹槽，环形凹槽环绕避让孔222。由此，固定胶可以储存在环形凹槽内，减少甚至避免固定胶从避让孔222溢出，环形凹槽围绕避让孔222设置可以便于挡板凹槽221布置的同时，还可以尽可能多地阻挡固定胶从避让孔222溢出。更进一步地，如图9所示，底部挡板22的内周边缘设置有朝向插入口2111的环形挡筋223，环形凹槽与环形挡筋223邻接，由此，环形挡筋223与电芯固定孔211的内周壁可以限定 出环形的挡板凹槽221，进而便于挡板凹槽221的形成。
根据本公开的一些实施例，结合图9，固定支架2还可以包括同心度保持结构4，同心度保持结构4设置成用于保持插入到电芯固定孔211内的电芯11与电芯固定孔211的同心度。作为一种可实现的方式，同心度保持结构4可以设置于电芯固定孔211的壁面上，且多个同心度保持结构4在电芯固定孔211的周向上间隔布置，多个同心度保持结构4适于与插入到电芯固定孔211内的电芯11抵接。由此，同心度保持结构4可以对电芯11进行限位，将电芯11固定在电芯固定孔211的中心位置，从而电芯11可以与电芯固定孔211保持同心，电芯11与电芯固定孔211同心可以便于电芯11的安装固定，也便于电芯11与连接母排3连接。
如图9所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，电芯固定孔211的周壁上设置有至少两个凸出部2112，相邻两个凸出部2112之间可以形成凹入部2113，电芯固定孔211的周壁上设置至少两个凸出部2112可以便于在相邻两个凸出部2112之间形成凹入部2113，由于电芯11与电芯固定孔211之间要填充固定胶，凹入部2113可以便于固定胶设置在电芯固定孔211内，对固定胶进行限位，使得固定胶尽可能少地流出电芯固定孔211。
例如，至少两个凸出部2112与插入到电芯固定孔211内的电芯11可以间隙配合，由此，凹入部2113与插入到电芯固定孔211内的电芯11同样为间隙配合，电芯11与凸出部2112和凹入部2113的间隙配合可以便于将固定胶填充到电芯11与电芯固定孔211之间；同心度保持结构4构造为保持凸起，保持凸起突出电芯固定孔211的壁面的高度大于凸出部2112突出电芯固定孔211的壁面的高度，由此，保证固定胶可以顺利填充，可靠粘结电芯11与电芯固定孔211的同时，保持凸起可以定位电芯11，将电芯11固定在电芯固定孔211的中心位置，从而电芯11可以与电芯固定孔211保持同心，电芯11与电芯固定孔211同心可以便于电芯11的安装固定，也便于电芯11与连接母排3连接。
根据本公开的一些实施例，结合图9，保持凸起构造为细长结构，凸出部2112相比保持凸起具有更宽的周向尺寸。由此，使得保持凸起可以尽可能少地与电芯11接触，在保持凸起可以定位电芯11的同时，让电芯11有更多的面积粘结固定胶，从而让电芯11与电芯固定孔211的粘结更牢固。
如图9所示，保持凸起的朝向插入口2111的端面构造为长导向面41，凸出部2112的朝向插入口2111的端面构造为短导向面21121，在电芯固定孔211的轴向上长导向面41的尺寸大于短导向面21121的尺寸。可以理解的是，长导向面41和短导向面21121均可以为插入电芯固定孔211的电芯11提供导向作用，便于电芯11插入电芯固定孔211。由于保持凸起突出电芯固定孔211的壁面的高度大于凸出部2112突出电芯固定孔211的壁面的高度，电芯11插入电芯固定孔211后，保持凸起始终与电芯11接触，而凸出部2112与电 芯11之间具有间隙，短导向面21121将电芯11导入电芯固定孔211即可，长导向面41需要导向电芯11与保持凸起接触安装，长导向面41的尺寸大于短导向面21121的尺寸可以在便于使用的前提下，减小加工步骤和加工难度。
根据本公开的一些实施例，结合图9，短导向面21121的起始位置与插入口2111的距离小于长导向面41的起始位置与插入口2111的距离。由此，在将电芯11安装至电芯固定孔211时，短导向面21121可以先将电芯11导向进入电芯固定孔211，然后长导向面41将电芯11导向至与保持凸起止抵，由此，长导向面41和短导向面21121配合可以将顺利地将电芯11安装至电芯固定孔211，同时，可以减小保持凸起的体积，减小保持凸起与电芯11的接触面积，在保持凸起可以定位电芯11的同时，让电芯11有更多的面积粘结固定胶，从而让电芯11与电芯固定孔211的粘结更牢固。
根据本公开的一些实施例，如图2-图3所示，每个电芯11在垂直于电芯11的投影面上的正投影面积分别为S1、S2……Sn，其中全部电芯11的总投影面积为S总＝S1+S2+……+Sn，电池模组100在投影面的正投影面积为S模组，其中Sn和S模组满足关系式：60％≤Sn/S模组≤85％。由此，在电池模组100有限的空间体积内，电池模组100可以包括更多的电芯11，进而增大电池模组100的电量。在一些示例中，Sn和S模组进一步满足关系式：65％≤Sn/S模组≤75％。由此，可以使得在电池模组100体积有限的情况下，尽可能多地包括电芯11，进而增大电池模组100的电量。
如图2和图10所示，在本公开的一些实施例中，在其中一层电芯层1中彼此相邻的两个电芯11为第一电芯112和第二电芯113，与该其中一层电芯层1相邻的另一层电芯11中存在第三电芯114，第一电芯112、第二电芯113和第三电芯114呈三角形布置，在垂直于电芯的横截面上，第三电芯114的中心与第一电芯112的中心连线形成三角形的第一腰115，第三电芯114的中心与第二电芯113的中心连线形成三角形的第二腰116，第一电芯112的中心与第二电芯113的中心连线形成三角形的底边117，第一腰115与底边117的夹角为α，第二腰116与底边117的夹角为β，其中α和β满足关系式：α+β＜180°，且60°≤α≤90°，60°≤β≤90°。
可以理解的是，多层电芯层1使得电池模组100的兼容性较好，第一电芯112、第二电芯113和第三电芯114呈三角形布置使得每个电芯11的放置较稳定、可靠。α+β＜180°，且60°≤α≤90°，60°≤β≤90°的角度设置可以提升电池模组100的空间利用率。例如，每两层电芯层1之间还可以设置水冷结构6，α+β＜180°，且60°≤α≤90°，60°≤β≤90°的角度设置还可以便于在电芯11间隙内布置水冷结构6或者相变材料等。
在本公开的一些实施例中，第一腰115的长度为A，底边117的长度为B，其中A和B满足关系式：A/B＝1～1.1388，由此，可以提升电池模组100的空间利用率。
根据本公开实施例的动力电池，包括根据如上所述的电池模组100。
根据本公开实施例的动力电池，通过将多个电芯11并置形成电芯层1，多层电芯层1层叠设置，其中相邻的两层电芯层1配置成其中一层电芯层1的超过半数以上的防爆口111朝向第一方向F1，另一层电芯层1的超过半数以上的防爆口111朝向第二方向F2，第一方向F1与第二方向F2不同。使得其中一层的某个电芯11发生热失控时，失控的电芯11喷出的高温物质较小地影响与其相邻层的其它电芯11，减小与其相邻层的其它电芯11损坏的概率，降低电芯11与电芯11之间发生连锁热失控反应的概率。
根据本公开实施例的车辆，包括根据如上所述的动力电池。
根据本公开实施例的车辆，通过将多个电芯11并置形成电芯层1，多层电芯层1层叠设置，其中相邻的两层电芯层1配置成其中一层电芯层1的超过半数以上的防爆口111朝向第一方向F1，另一层电芯层1的超过半数以上的防爆口111朝向第二方向F2，第一方向F1与第二方向F2不同。使得其中一层的某个电芯11发生热失控时，失控的电芯11喷出的高温物质较小地影响与其相邻层的其它电芯11，减小与其相邻层的其它电芯11损坏的概率，降低电芯11与电芯11之间发生连锁热失控反应的概率。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。此外，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本公开的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或 者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本公开的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本公开的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种电池模组，其特征在于，包括：
    多层电芯层，多层所述电芯层层叠设置，每层所述电芯层包括多个并置的电芯，每个所述电芯具有防爆口，其中相邻的两层所述电芯层配置成：其中一层所述电芯层的超过半数以上的防爆口朝向第一方向，另一层所述电芯层的超过半数以上的防爆口朝向第二方向，所述第一方向与所述第二方向不同；以及
    固定支架，所述固定支架分别位于多层所述电芯层的两侧，每个所述电芯的两端分别与同侧的所述固定支架固定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直或者所述第一方向与所述第二方向相反。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，其中相邻的两层所述电芯层配置成：其中一层所述电芯层中除去位于边缘的剩余全部防爆口朝向所述第一方向，另一层所述电芯层中除去位于边缘的剩余全部防爆口朝向所述第二方向。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，在多层所述电芯层中，最上面一层所述电芯层的全部所述防爆口朝向上方，最下面一层所述电芯层的全部所述防爆口朝向下方；
    其中，多层所述电芯层为三层，中间一层所述电芯层的全部所述防爆口同时朝向左侧或同时朝向右侧；或者多层所述电芯层为四层或四层以上，其中位于最上面所述电芯层和最下面所述电芯层之间的多层电芯层中，任意相邻两层所述防爆口的朝向为：以朝向左侧和朝向右侧交替地配置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，在多层所述电芯层中，最上面一层所述电芯层中位于最左端的一个所述防爆口朝向左侧、位于最右端的一个所述防爆口朝向右侧，位于最左端和最右端之间的多个所述防爆口朝向上方；最下面一层所述电芯层中位于最左端的一个所述防爆口朝向左侧、位于最右端的一个所述防爆口朝向右侧，位于最左端和最右端之间的多个所述防爆口朝向下方；
    其中，多层所述电芯层为三层，中间一层所述电芯层中位于最右端的一个所述防爆口朝向右侧，其余所述防爆口朝向左侧；或者中间一层所述电芯层中位于最左端的一个所述防爆口朝向左侧，其余所述防爆口朝向右侧。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述防爆口构造为弧形且设置于所述电芯的端面，所述防爆口相对所述电芯的中心线偏置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模组，其特征在于，多个所述电芯通过连接母排相连，所述连接母排的纵向两端构造为弧形以用于避让所述防爆口；所述连接母排的纵向两端的 弧形外径小于或等于所述防爆口的弧形内径，从而使得至少一部分所述连接母排的端部能够完全或部分避开对应的所述防爆口。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述连接母排包括：第一母排、第二母排和连接所述第一母排与所述第二母排的连接部，所述第一母排和所述第二母排中的每一个的宽度均大于所述连接部的宽度。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述固定支架包括：
    支架本体，所述支架本体设置有电芯固定孔，所述电芯固定孔具有适于电芯插入的插入口；
    底部挡板，所述底部挡板设置于所述电芯固定孔的与所述插入口相对的另一侧，所述底部挡板从所述电芯固定孔的外周边缘沿所述电芯固定孔的径向向内延伸，所述底部挡板的朝向所述插入口的侧面设置有挡板凹槽。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述底部挡板构造为环形挡板，所述环形挡板的中心形成有避让孔，所述避让孔连通所述电芯固定孔的内侧和外侧，所述挡板凹槽构造为环形凹槽，所述环形凹槽环绕所述避让孔，所述底部挡板的内周边缘设置有朝向所述插入口的环形挡筋，所述环形凹槽与所述环形挡筋邻接。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的电池模组，其特征在于，还包括：同心度保持结构，所述同心度保持结构设置成用于保持插入到所述电芯固定孔内的电芯与所述电芯固定孔的同心度。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述同心度保持结构设置于所述电芯固定孔的壁面上，且多个所述同心度保持结构在所述电芯固定孔的周向上间隔布置，多个所述同心度保持结构适于与插入到所述电芯固定孔内的电芯抵接。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述电芯固定孔的周壁上设置有至少两个凸出部；
    所述同心度保持结构构造为保持凸起，所述保持凸起突出所述电芯固定孔的壁面的高度大于所述凸出部突出所述电芯固定孔的壁面的高度。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述保持凸起构造为细长结构，所述凸出部相比所述保持凸起具有更宽的周向尺寸，所述保持凸起的朝向所述插入口的端面构造为长导向面，所述凸出部的朝向所述插入口的端面构造为短导向面，在所述电芯固定孔的轴向上所述长导向面的尺寸大于所述短导向面的尺寸。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述短导向面的起始位置与所述插入口的距离小于所述长导向面的起始位置与所述插入口的距离。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，每个所述电芯在垂直于所述电芯 的投影面上的正投影面积分别为S1、S2……Sn，其中全部所述电芯的总投影面积为S总＝S1+S2+……+Sn，所述电池模组在所述投影面的正投影面积为S模组，其中Sn和S模组满足关系式：60％≤Sn/S模组≤85％。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述Sn和S模组进一步满足关系式：65％≤Sn/S模组≤75％。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，在其中一层所述电芯层中彼此相邻的两个所述电芯为第一电芯和第二电芯，与该其中一层所述电芯层相邻的另一层所述电芯中存在第三电芯，所述第一电芯、所述第二电芯和所述第三电芯呈三角形布置，在垂直于所述电芯的横截面上，所述第三电芯的中心与所述第一电芯的中心连线形成三角形的第一腰，所述第三电芯的中心与所述第二电芯的中心连线形成三角形的第二腰，所述第一电芯的中心与所述第二电芯的中心连线形成三角形的底边，所述第一腰与所述底边的夹角为α，所述第二腰与所述底边的夹角为β，其中α和β满足关系式：α+β＜180°，且60°≤α≤90°，60°≤β≤90°。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述第一腰的长度为A，所述底边的长度为B，其中A和B满足关系式：A/B＝1～1.1388。
  20. 一种动力电池，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1-19中任一项所述的电池模组。
  21. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求20所述的动力电池。
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