WO2022143287A1 - 一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统 - Google Patents

一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022143287A1
WO2022143287A1 PCT/CN2021/139957 CN2021139957W WO2022143287A1 WO 2022143287 A1 WO2022143287 A1 WO 2022143287A1 CN 2021139957 W CN2021139957 W CN 2021139957W WO 2022143287 A1 WO2022143287 A1 WO 2022143287A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid ammonia
fuel
liquid
ammonia
supply
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PCT/CN2021/139957
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
片成荣
关英华
张义明
嵇智勇
李达
韩伟
孙强
吴楠
吕岩
曲莉莉
雷蕾
张林涛
彭东升
杨阳
郭强
潘帅
孙凯强
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大连船舶重工集团有限公司
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Application filed by 大连船舶重工集团有限公司 filed Critical 大连船舶重工集团有限公司
Priority to EP21914026.6A priority Critical patent/EP4269779A4/en
Priority to JP2023507967A priority patent/JP7463616B2/ja
Priority to KR1020237007847A priority patent/KR20230042381A/ko
Publication of WO2022143287A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022143287A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/16—Other apparatus for heating fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the fields of ship construction and ship design, in particular to a marine liquid ammonia fuel supply and fuel recovery and utilization system.
  • the current global warming phenomenon has intensified, resulting in frequent occurrence of extreme climate phenomena and natural disasters around the world.
  • the culprit is the emission of greenhouse gases represented by CO2.
  • the IMO International Maritime Organization has also formulated the latest carbon emission reduction targets: compared with the 2008 value, the carbon emissions of international shipping will be reduced by at least 40% on average by 2030 and 70% by 2050. Over time, this indicator has put forward higher requirements for ship design, ship supporting equipment, and new energy technology applications.
  • Ammonia (-33.6°C, 1 atmosphere, liquid), as an important chemical raw material, is widely used in the fields of chemical medicine and pesticides, national defense industry, and metallurgical industry. Ammonia is usually stored and transported in liquid form and has mature applications on land. At the same time, ammonia can be burned as a fuel, and its combustion products are nitrogen and water. There is no carbon emission problem, and it is a very clean fuel.
  • Ammonia fuel is stored in liquid state on ships to save fuel storage space.
  • liquid ammonia fuel storage tanks with different volumes, different types and different design pressures are used, which are usually divided into semi-cooled and semi-pressed types (design temperature -40 °C, design pressure ranging from 4 to 10 barg) , C-type storage tank), full cooling (design temperature -40 °C, design pressure ⁇ 0.7barg, A-type storage tank or B-type storage tank or membrane storage tank) two.
  • the present invention provides a marine liquid ammonia fuel supply and fuel recovery and utilization system, which aims to provide clean and environmentally friendly liquid ammonia fuel for ships, and ensure that during the operation of the ship, maximize the recovery and utilization of the returned liquid.
  • Ammonia fuel avoids fuel waste and potential safety and toxicity hazards caused by the direct discharge of ammonia into the atmosphere.
  • the liquid ammonia supply system includes a liquid ammonia storage cabin, and a liquid ammonia low-pressure pump is arranged in the liquid ammonia storage cabin.
  • the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump pumps out the liquid ammonia and outputs it to the liquid ammonia through the first liquid ammonia supply pipeline.
  • the buffer tank, the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia buffer tank is then transported to the ammonia fuel engine through the liquid ammonia high pressure pump, the liquid ammonia heater, the liquid ammonia filter, the gas main valve, the supply valve group, and the second liquid ammonia supply pipeline.
  • the liquid ammonia storage tank and the liquid ammonia buffer tank are connected through the first liquid ammonia supply pipeline; the supply valve group and the liquid ammonia inlet of the ammonia fuel engine are connected through the second liquid ammonia supply pipeline.
  • the liquid ammonia nitrogen purging and venting system includes a gas-liquid separation device, a venting mast, a first purging and venting pipeline and a second purging and venting pipeline; the return valve group is provided with an external purging and venting interface, and the first purging and venting is provided.
  • the pipeline and the fourth valve are connected to the gas-liquid separation device and the vent mast; the top of the liquid ammonia collection tank is connected to the gas-liquid separation device and the vent mast through the second purge vent pipeline and the fifth valve; the nitrogen purge interface is connected to the second purge vent line and the fifth valve. Liquid ammonia supply line connection.
  • the liquid ammonia buffer tank realizes the continuous supply of liquid ammonia fuel to the liquid ammonia high-pressure pump, ensures the suction head of the high-pressure pump, and realizes the recovery and storage of liquid ammonia return fuel.
  • the buffer tank is equipped with a liquid level gauge to monitor and control the liquid level change in real time.
  • the marine liquid ammonia fuel supply and fuel recovery system also includes the water glycol heating system, the water glycol heating system includes the water glycol heater and the water glycol circulating pump, the heat released by the main engine cylinder jacket water or boiler steam After the water glycol heater and the water glycol circulation pump, the water glycol heat exchange medium is supplied to the liquid ammonia heater. That is, the liquid ammonia heater adopts water glycol heat exchange medium, the heat released by the main engine cylinder jacket water or boiler steam is transferred to the water glycol heat exchange medium, and the high temperature water glycol heat exchange medium exchanges heat at the liquid ammonia heater.
  • the nitrogen purge interface provides nitrogen pressure > 25bar, and the nitrogen dew point meets the requirements of ammonia fuel engines.
  • the liquid ammonia low pressure pump can pressurize the liquid ammonia to 18bar and transport it to the liquid ammonia buffer tank.
  • the liquid ammonia low pressure pump can be configured with one or more sets per storage tank according to the requirements; the liquid ammonia high pressure pump can further pressurize the liquid ammonia to 70bar or more, and the liquid ammonia high pressure pump can be configured with one or more sets according to the requirements.
  • the liquid ammonia heater can adjust the temperature of liquid ammonia fuel to meet the temperature range of 45 ⁇ 10°C. Therefore, the ammonia fuel engine can use liquid ammonia fuel with a pressure of 70 bar or more and a temperature range of 45 ⁇ 10 ° C to realize the power propulsion of the ship.
  • the gas main valve between the liquid ammonia filter and the supply valve group realizes the automatic isolation of the supply processing equipment (such as the liquid ammonia high pressure pump) from the supply valve group, the return valve group and the liquid ammonia engine when the system stops running.
  • the supply processing equipment such as the liquid ammonia high pressure pump
  • the liquid ammonia is stored in the liquid ammonia storage tank in a low temperature liquid state (-33.6°C).
  • the liquid ammonia filter is filtered before fuel supply to meet the requirements of the main engine.
  • the gas-liquid separation device realizes the separation of impurities such as liquid ammonia, ammonia, nitrogen and oil, ensuring that only the gas penetrates into the atmosphere through the vent mast.
  • the present invention realizes the high-pressure liquid supply of marine liquid ammonia fuel (70bar or more, 45 ⁇ 10°C) through the liquid ammonia supply system, the liquid ammonia recycling system and the liquid ammonia purge and ventilation system.
  • the unconsumed liquid ammonia fuel in the pipeline is recycled and reused, which saves a lot of fuel, and at the same time reduces the discharge of ammonia fuel to the vent mast, and improves the safety of ships and personnel.
  • Fig. 1 is a kind of marine liquid ammonia fuel supply and fuel recycling system schematic diagram of the present invention
  • 1- liquid ammonia storage tank 2- liquid ammonia low pressure pump, 3- first liquid ammonia supply pipeline, 4- liquid ammonia buffer tank, 5- liquid ammonia high pressure pump, 6- liquid ammonia heater, 7- liquid ammonia Ammonia filter, 8-gas main valve, 9-supply valve group, 10-second liquid ammonia supply pipeline, 11-ammonia fuel engine, 12-return valve group, 13-liquid ammonia collection tank, 14-first return flow Pipeline, 15-second return pipeline, 16-first valve, 17-second valve, 18-third liquid ammonia return pipeline, 19-third valve, 20-gas-liquid separation device, 21-ventilation mast , 22-first purge and vent line, 23-second purge vent line, 24-fourth valve, 25-fifth valve, 26-nitrogen purge interface, 27-liquid level gauge, 28-main cylinder Jacketed water or boiler steam, 29-water glycol heater, 30-water glycol circulating pump.
  • a marine liquid ammonia fuel supply and fuel recovery and utilization system comprising an ammonia fuel engine 11, a liquid ammonia supply system, a liquid ammonia recovery and utilization system, a liquid ammonia nitrogen purge and ventilation system and a water glycol heating system;
  • the liquid ammonia supply system includes a liquid ammonia storage cabin 1, and a liquid ammonia low-pressure pump 2 is arranged in the liquid ammonia storage cabin 1.
  • the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump 2 pumps out the liquid ammonia and passes through the first liquid ammonia supply pipeline.
  • the second liquid ammonia supply pipeline 10 is delivered to the ammonia fuel engine 11, and the liquid ammonia storage tank 1 and the liquid ammonia buffer tank 4 are connected through the first liquid ammonia supply pipeline 3; connected through the second liquid ammonia supply pipeline;
  • the liquid ammonia recovery and utilization system includes a return valve group 12, a liquid ammonia collection tank 13, a first return line 14 and a second return line 15.
  • the return valve group 12 and the liquid ammonia return outlet of the ammonia fuel engine pass through.
  • the first return line 14 is connected, one end of the second return line 15 is connected to the return valve group 12, and the other end is connected to the liquid ammonia collection tank 13 and the liquid ammonia buffer tank 4 through the first valve 16 and the second valve 17 respectively;
  • the ammonia collection tank 13 and the liquid ammonia buffer tank 14 are connected through the third liquid ammonia return line 18 and the third valve 19;
  • the liquid ammonia nitrogen purge and ventilation system includes a gas-liquid separation device 20, a ventilation mast 21, a first purge ventilation pipeline 22 and a second purge ventilation pipeline 23; the return valve group 12 is provided with an external purge ventilation interface, The first purging and venting pipeline 22 and the fourth valve 24 are connected to the gas-liquid separation device 20 and the venting mast 21; the top of the liquid ammonia collection tank 13 is connected to the gas-liquid separation through the fifth valve 25 and the second purging and venting pipeline 23 The device 20 and the ventilation mast 21; the nitrogen purging interface 26 is connected to the second liquid ammonia supply pipeline 10.
  • the water glycol heating system includes a water glycol heater 29 and a water glycol circulation pump 30.
  • the heat released by the main engine cylinder jacket water or boiler steam 28 passes through the water glycol heater 29 and the water glycol circulation pump 30. , which is supplied to the liquid ammonia heater 6 through a water glycol heat exchange medium.
  • the main gas valve 8, the supply valve group 9 and the return valve group 12, the liquid ammonia low pressure pump 2, the liquid ammonia high pressure pump 5, and the water glycol circulation pump 30 are all closed, and the fourth valve 24 is open.
  • nitrogen is blown in through the nitrogen purging interface 26 in advance to purge the second liquid ammonia supply line 10 and the first liquid ammonia return line 14, and through the first purge and vent line 22 and the gas-liquid separation device 20.
  • the nitrogen purging is turned off, the fourth valve 24 is closed, and the system officially starts to run.
  • the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump 2 is turned on, the liquid level in the liquid ammonia buffer tank 4 is established to reach the set target, and the liquid ammonia high-pressure pump 5 and the gas main valve 8 are turned on. Open the supply valve group 9 and the return valve group 12 , and open the first valve 16 , the third valve 19 and the fifth valve 25 .
  • the main gas valve 8 and the supply valve group 9 are closed, the fuel supply is cut off, and the return valve group 12 is kept open.
  • the main gas valve is automatically cut off to realize the automatic isolation of the supply processing equipment (liquid ammonia high pressure pump 5 and liquid ammonia heater 6 ) from the supply valve group 9 , the return valve group 12 and the ammonia fuel engine 11 .
  • the second valve 17, the third valve 19, the fourth valve 24 are closed, the first valve 16, and the fifth valve 25 are open.
  • the second liquid ammonia supply pipeline 10, the first return pipeline 14, and the second return pipeline 15 part of the liquid ammonia fuel is returned to the liquid ammonia collection tank 13, and the pressure in the pipeline is released.
  • nitrogen is blown in through the nitrogen purging interface 26 to purge the residual liquid ammonia in the second liquid ammonia supply line 10, the first liquid ammonia return line 14, and the second return line 15 to the liquid ammonia collection tank 13 , the nitrogen gas in the liquid ammonia collection tank 13 enters the gas-liquid separation device 20 and the ventilation mast 21 through the fifth valve 25 and the second purging and ventilation pipeline 23 .
  • the separation of impurities such as liquid ammonia, ammonia, nitrogen and oil is realized in the gas-liquid separation device to ensure that only the gas penetrates into the atmosphere through the ventilation mast 21, or the ammonia contained in the gas discharged from the gas-liquid separation device 20 is captured. After absorption, the remaining gas is permeated into the atmosphere through the ventilation mast 21 .
  • the liquid ammonia in the second liquid ammonia supply pipeline 10 and the first liquid ammonia return pipeline 14 will be returned to the gas-liquid separation device 20 by the fourth valve 24 through the first purging and ventilating pipeline 22, and emergency discharge is realized through the ventilating mast 21 ;
  • the nitrogen purging interface 26 is filled with nitrogen, and the second liquid ammonia supply pipeline 10 and the first liquid ammonia return pipeline 14 are purged, and the residual liquid ammonia and ammonia gas pass through
  • the first purging and venting pipeline 22 is blown to the gas-liquid separation device 20 and discharged through the venting mast 21 .
  • the separation of impurities such as liquid ammonia, ammonia, nitrogen and oil is realized in the gas-liquid separation device to ensure that only the gas penetrates into the atmosphere through the ventilation mast 21, or the ammonia contained in the gas discharged from the gas-liquid separation device 20 is captured After being absorbed, the remaining gas is permeated into the atmosphere through the ventilation mast 21 .
  • the third valve 19 is opened, and the collected liquid ammonia is returned to the liquid ammonia buffer through the third liquid ammonia return line 18 in tank 13.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，包括氨燃料发动机、液氨供给系统、液氨回收利用系统和液氨氮气吹扫透气系统。本发明实现船用液氨燃料高压液态供给(压力≥70bar，温度45±10℃)的同时，可对管路内未消耗的液氨燃料进行回收再利用，可节约大量燃料，同时减少了氨燃料排放至透气桅，提高船舶及人员安全。

Description

一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统 技术领域
本发明涉及及船舶建设和船舶设计领域，具体涉及一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统。
背景技术
当前全球气候变暖现象加剧，导致世界各地极端气候现象及自然灾害频发，其罪魁祸首为以CO2为代表的温室气体排放。在船舶航运领域，IMO国际海事组织也制定了最新的关于碳排放减排目标：与2008年值相比，到2030年国际海运的碳排放量至少平均降低40％，到2050年降低70％。随着时间推移，该指标对船舶设计、船舶配套设备、新能源技术应用等提出了更高的要求。
氨(-33.6℃，1大气压，液体)作为一种重要的化工原料，在化学医药及农药领域、国防工业领域、冶金工业领域等存在着广泛应用。氨通常以液态方式存储及运输，在陆上已具有成熟应用。同时，氨可作为燃料燃烧，其燃烧产物为氮气和水，不存在碳排放问题，是一种十分清洁的燃料。
氨燃料在船舶上以液体状态存储，以节省燃料存储空间。根据船舶类型、船舶尺度、续航力等需求，采用不同容积、不同型式、不同设计压力的液氨燃料储罐，通常分为半冷半压式(设计温度-40℃，设计压力4～10barg不等，C型储罐)、全冷式(设计温度-40℃，设计压力≤0.7barg，A型储罐或B型储罐或薄膜型储罐)两种。
当前，德国曼集团正研发一种可燃烧液氨燃料的双燃料低速主机，使用70bar或70bar以上压力的液体氨燃料喷入气缸燃烧，且燃料温度需控制在45±10℃范围。该机型的船舶应用，可实现船舶主机推进系统的“零碳”排放，极具环保价值。在液氨燃料供给至主机过程中，由于主机负荷变化，将有部分未利用的液氨燃料通过回流管路回流，该部分液氨燃料如直接排放至大气，将造成燃料浪费和安全隐患。
液氨用作船舶推进燃料，需满足氨燃料发动机所需的供给流量、温度和压力，因此需研发一套船用液氨燃料供给系统，同时解决液氨燃料回流回收问题。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，旨在达到给船舶提供清洁、环保的液氨燃料，并保证船舶在运行过程中，最大化回收利用回流的液氨燃料，避免氨直接排放至大气所造成的燃料浪费和安全毒性隐患。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，包括氨燃料发动机、液氨供给系统、液氨回收利用系统和液氨氮气吹扫透气系统。
所述液氨供给系统包括液氨存储舱，所述液氨存储舱内设有液氨低压泵，所述液氨低压泵将液氨泵出，经第一液氨供给管路输出至液氨缓冲罐，液氨缓冲罐中的液氨，再经液氨高压泵、液氨加热器、液氨过滤器、燃气主阀、供给阀组、第二液氨供给管路输送给氨燃料发动机，液氨存储舱与液氨缓冲罐液通过第一液氨供给管路连接；供给阀组和氨燃料发动机的液氨入口之间通过第二液氨供给管路连接。
所述液氨回收利用系统包括回流阀组、液氨收集罐、第一回流管路和第二回流管路，所述回流阀组和氨燃料发动机液氨回流出口之间通过第一回流管路连接，第二回流管路一端与回流阀组连接，另一端分别通过第一阀门和第二阀门连接至液氨收集罐和液氨缓冲罐；液氨收集罐和液氨缓冲罐通过第三液氨回流管路和第三阀门连接。
所述液氨氮气吹扫透气系统包括气液分离装置、透气桅，第一吹扫透气管路和第二吹扫透气管路；回流阀组设置外部吹扫透气接口，通过第一吹扫透气管路和第四阀门连接至气液分离装置和透气桅；液氨收集罐顶部通过第二吹扫透气管路和第五阀门连接至气液分离装置和透气桅；氮气吹扫接口与第二液氨供给管路连接。
当系统正常停运时(燃料供给系统和氨燃料发动机停止时)，第二液氨供给管路、第一回流管路和第二回流管路内残留的液氨燃料通过液氨氮气吹扫系统回流至液氨收集罐内；第二液氨供给管路和第一回流管路内中残留的氨气通过液氨氮气吹扫系统吹扫至气液分离器经透气桅排出。
所述液氨收集罐设置液位计，当液氨收集罐内液位达到设定 高度时，第三阀门开启，收集到的液氨通过第三液氨回流管路回流至液氨缓冲罐中。
液氨缓冲罐实现液氨燃料连续供给至液氨高压泵，保证高压泵吸口压头，同时实现液氨回流燃料回收存储，该缓冲罐设置液位计，实时监测控制液位变化。
船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统还包括水乙二醇加热系统，水乙二醇加热系统包括水乙二醇加热器和水乙二醇循环泵，主机缸套水或锅炉蒸汽释放的热量经过水乙二醇加热器、水乙二醇循环泵，通过水乙二醇换热介质提供给所述液氨加热器。即，液氨加热器采用水乙二醇换热介质，主机缸套水或锅炉蒸汽释放的热量传递给水乙二醇换热介质，高温水乙二醇换热介质在液氨加热器处换热，将热量提供给液氨加热器；液氨加热器释放的冷能传递给水乙二醇换热介质，换热后，低温水乙二醇换热介质返回，采集主机缸套水或锅炉蒸汽的热量，加热液氨加热器流出的低温水乙二醇换热介质。
所述氮气吹扫接口，提供氮气压力＞25bar，氮气露点满足氨燃料发动机要求。
液氨低压泵实现将液氨加压至18bar并被运至液氨缓冲罐。液氨低压泵可根据要求每个储舱配置1台或多台；液氨高压泵将液氨进一步加压至70bar或70bar以上，液氨高压泵可根据要求配置1台或多台。液氨加热器实现对液氨燃料温度调节，满足45±10℃温度范围要求。从而氨燃料发动机能够使用70bar或70bar以上压力，45±10℃温度范围的液氨燃料，实现船舶动力推进。
液氨滤器和供给阀组之间的燃气主阀，当系统停止运行时，实现供给处理设备(如液氨高压泵)与供给阀组、回流阀组和液氨发动机的自动隔离。
供给阀组和回流阀组，实现液氨燃料供给过程中的压力调节，以及液氨液氨供给系统、液氨回收利用系统切断运行时，实现液氨供给系统、液氨回收利用系和氨燃料发动机的隔离，保障氨燃料发动机操作安全。
液氨以低温液体状态(-33.6℃)存储于液氨存储舱中，液氨存储舱型式可为C型压力储舱、A型/B型/薄膜型压力储舱等型式。
液氨滤器在燃料供给前进行过滤达到主机使用要求。
气液分离装置实现液氨、氨气、氮气及油份等杂质的分离，保证只有气体经透气桅透入大气。
本发明的有益效果如下：本发明通过液氨供给系统、液氨回收利用系统和液氨吹扫透气系统实现船用液氨燃料高压液态供给(70bar或70bar以上，45±10℃)的同时，对管路内未消耗的液氨燃料进行回收再利用，节约了大量燃料，同时减少了氨燃料排放至透气桅，提高船舶及人员安全。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统示意图；
其中：1-液氨存储舱、2-液氨低压泵、3-第一液氨供给管路、4-液氨缓冲罐、5-液氨高压泵、6-液氨加热器、7-液氨过滤器、8-燃气主阀、9-供给阀组、10-第二液氨供给管路、11-氨燃料发动机、12-回流阀组、13-液氨收集罐、14-第一回流管路、15-第二回流管路、16-第一阀门、17-第二阀门、18-第三液氨回流管路、19-第三阀门、20-气液分离装置、21-透气桅、22-第一吹扫透气管路、23-第二吹扫透气管路、24-第四阀门、25-第五阀门、26-氮气吹扫接口、27-液位计、28-主机缸套水或锅炉蒸汽、29-水乙二醇加热器、30-水乙二醇循环泵。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，包括氨燃料发动机11、液氨供给系统、液氨回收利用系统、液氨氮气吹扫透气系统和水乙二醇加热系统；
所述液氨供给系统包括液氨存储舱1，所述液氨存储舱1内设有液氨低压泵2，所述液氨低压泵2将液氨泵出，经第一液氨供给管路3输出至液氨缓冲罐4，液氨缓冲罐4中的液氨，再经液氨高压泵5、液氨加热器6、液氨过滤器7、燃气主阀8、供给阀组9、第二液氨供给管路10输送给氨燃料发动机11，液氨存储舱1与液氨缓冲罐4通过第一液氨供给管路3连接；供给阀组9和氨燃料发动机11的液氨入口之间通过第二液氨供给管路连接；
所述液氨回收利用系统包括回流阀组12、液氨收集罐13、 第一回流管路14和第二回流管路15，所述回流阀组12和氨燃料发动机液氨回流出口之间通过第一回流管路14连接，第二回流管路15一端与回流阀组12连接，另一端分别通过第一阀门16和第二阀门17连接至液氨收集罐13和液氨缓冲罐4；液氨收集罐13和液氨缓冲罐14通过第三液氨回流管路18和第三阀门19连接；
所述液氨氮气吹扫透气系统包括气液分离装置20、透气桅21，第一吹扫透气管路22和第二吹扫透气管路23；回流阀组12设置外部吹扫透气接口，通过第一吹扫透气管路22和第四阀门24连接至气液分离装置20和透气桅21；液氨收集罐13顶部通过第五阀门25和第二吹扫透气管路23连接至气液分离装置20和透气桅21；氮气吹扫接口26与第二液氨供给管路10连接。
水乙二醇加热系统包括水乙二醇加热器29和水乙二醇循环泵30，主机缸套水或锅炉蒸汽28释放的热量经过水乙二醇加热器29、水乙二醇循环泵30，通过水乙二醇换热介质提供给所述液氨加热器6。
液氨缓冲罐4设置液位计27，实时监测控制液位变化。
所述液氨收集罐13设置液位计27，当液氨收集罐17内液位达到设定高度时，第三阀门19开启，收集到的液氨通过第三液氨回流管路18回流至液氨缓冲罐4中。
船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统的操作如下：
系统运行前准备
此时，燃气主阀8，供给阀组9和回流阀组12，液氨低压泵2，液氨高压泵5，水乙二醇循环泵30均处于关闭状态、第四阀门24处于开启状态。系统开启前，提前经氮气吹扫接口26吹入氮气，对第二液氨供给管路10、第一液氨回流管路14吹扫，经第一吹扫透气管路22、气液分离装置20、再透气至透气桅21，在气液分离装置中实现液氨、氨气、氮气及油份等杂质的分离，保证只有气体经透气桅21透入大气，或气液分离装置20排出的气体中所含有的氨气经捕捉吸收后，剩余的气体经透气桅21透入大气，直至该段管路达到吹扫要求。提前开启水乙二醇循环泵30，实现液氨加热器中水乙二醇侧循环流通。
系统开始运行
关闭氮气吹扫，关闭第四阀门24，系统正式开始运行。
液氨低压泵2开启，建立液氨缓冲罐4内液位达到设定目标，开启液氨高压泵5和燃气主阀8。开启供给阀组9、回流阀组12，开启第一阀门16、第三阀门19、第五阀门25。
此时，液氨存储舱1内液氨经低压泵2加压，经第一液氨供给管路3输出至液氨缓冲罐4，经液氨高压泵5二次加压至70bar，经液氨加热器6加热至45±10℃温度范围，并由液氨滤器7过滤后，经燃气主阀8、供给阀组9和第二液氨供给管路10供给至氨燃料发动机11。
随着液氨燃料充满管路，第二液氨供给管路10和第一回流管路14内的氮气经第二液氨回流管路15和第一阀门16排入液氨收集罐13中，并经第五阀门25排放至气液分离装置20经透气桅21排放至大气。回流的液氨流经第三阀门19排放至液氨缓冲罐4存储。此时，控制阀门第五阀门25的开度，使液氨收集罐13内压力大于液氨缓冲罐4内压力，保证液氨顺利回流至液氨缓冲罐4。
系统正常运行
关闭第一阀门16，第三阀门19，第四阀门24和第五阀门25，开启第二阀门17，从氨燃料发动机回流的液氨燃料直接经第二阀门17回流至液氨缓冲罐4中收集。
系统正常停止运行
当系统正常操作停止运行时，燃气主阀8和供给阀组9关闭，切断燃料供应，回流阀组12保持开启。当系统停止运行时，燃气主阀自动切断，实现供给处理设备(液氨高压泵5及液氨加热器6)与供给阀组9、回流阀组12和氨燃料发动机11的自动隔离。
第二阀门17，第三阀门19，第四阀门24关闭，第一阀门16，第五阀门25开启。第二液氨供给管路10和第一回流管路14、第二回流管路15部分液氨燃料回流至液氨收集罐13中，管路内泄压。此时，通过氮气吹扫接口26吹入氮气，对第二液氨供给管路10、第一液氨回流管路14、第二回流管路15内残留液氨进行吹扫至液氨收集罐13中，液氨收集罐13中氮气气体通过第五阀门25和第二吹扫透气管路23进入气液分离装置20和透气桅21。在气液分离装置中实现液氨、氨气、氮气及油份等杂质的分离，保证只有气体经透气桅21透入大气，或气液分离装置20排出的 气体中所含有的氨气经捕捉吸收后，剩余的气体经透气桅21透入大气。
当液氨收集罐13中液位计检测到液氨收集罐13内液位达到设定高度时，第三阀门19开启，收集到的液氨通过第三液氨回流管路18回流至液氨缓冲罐13中。
当检测到第二液氨供给管路10、第一液氨回流管路14内基本不含有液体氨燃料后，第五阀门25关闭，回流阀组12关闭，切断第一液氨回流管路14与第一液氨回流管路15的连接，此时第一吹扫透气管路22上的第四阀门24开启，第二液氨供给管路10与第一液氨回流管路14中少量残余氨气经第一透气吹扫管路22吹扫至气液分离装置20，由透气桅21排出。在气液分离装置中实现液氨、氨气、氮气及油份等杂质的分离，保证只有气体经透气桅21透入大气，或气液分离装置20排出的气体中所含有的氨气经捕捉吸收后，剩余的气体经透气桅21透入大气。
系统紧急停止运行
当发生氨燃料泄漏、火灾、设备故障等紧急工况时，系统将紧急停止运行，此时，为保证安全，供给及回流管路内的液氨将不再进行燃料回流操作。燃气主阀8、供给阀组9、回流阀组12立即关闭，第二阀门17，第三阀门19，第五阀门25关闭，第一阀门16、第一吹扫透气管路22上的第四阀门24开启。第二液氨回流管路15内积聚的部分液氨通过第一阀门16回流至液氨收集罐13。第二液氨供给管路10及第一液氨回流管路14中的液氨将由第四阀门24经第一吹扫透气管路22回流至气液分离装置20，通过透气桅21实现紧急排放；待此段管路内液体压力释放后，由氮气吹扫接口26充入氮气，进行第二液氨供给管路10及第一液氨回流管路14吹扫，残余液氨及氨气经第一吹扫透气管路22吹至气液分离装置20，通过透气桅21排放。在气液分离装置中实现液氨、氨气、氮气及油份等杂质的分离，保证只有气体经透气桅21透入大气，或气液分离装置20排出的气体中所含有的氨气经捕捉吸收后，剩余的气体经透气桅21透入大气。
当液氨收集罐13中液位计检测到液氨收集罐内液位达到设定高度时，第三阀门19开启，收集到的液氨通过第三液氨回流管路18回流至液氨缓冲罐13中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，其特征在于：包括氨燃料发动机(11)、液氨供给系统、液氨回收利用系统和液氨氮气吹扫透气系统；
    所述液氨供给系统包括液氨存储舱(1)，所述液氨存储舱(1)内设有液氨低压泵(2)，所述液氨低压泵(2)将液氨泵出，经第一液氨供给管路(3)输出至液氨缓冲罐(4)，液氨缓冲罐(4)中的液氨，再经液氨高压泵(5)、液氨加热器(6)、液氨过滤器(7)、燃气主阀(8)、供给阀组(9)、第二液氨供给管路(10)输送给氨燃料发动机(11)；
    所述液氨回收利用系统包括回流阀组(12)、液氨收集罐(13)、第一回流管路(14)和第二回流管路(15)，所述回流阀组(12)和氨燃料发动机(11)的液氨回流出口之间通过第一回流管路连接(14)，第二回流管路(15)一端与回流阀组(12)连接，另一端分别通过第一阀门(16)和第二阀门(17)连接至液氨收集罐(13)和液氨缓冲罐(4)；液氨收集罐(13)和液氨缓冲罐(4)通过第三液氨回流管路(18)和第三阀门(19)连接；
    所述液氨氮气吹扫透气系统包括气液分离装置(20)、透气桅(21)，第一吹扫透气管路(22)和第二吹扫透气管路(23)；回流阀组(12)设置外部吹扫透气接口，通过第一吹扫透气管路(22)和第四阀门(24)连接至气液分离装置(20)和透气桅(21)；液氨收集罐(13)顶部通过第二吹扫透气管路(23)和第五阀门(25)连接至气液分离装置(20)和透气桅(21)；氮气吹扫接口(26)与第二液氨供给管路(10)连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，其特征在于：系统正常停运时，第二液氨供给管路(10)、第一回流管路(14)和第二回流管路(15)内残留的液氨燃料通过液氨氮气吹扫透气系统回流至液氨收集罐(13)内；第二液氨供给管路(10)和第一回流管路(14)内中残留的氨气通过液氨氮气吹扫透气系统吹扫至气液分离器(20)经透气桅(21)排出。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，其特征在于：所述液氨收集罐(13)设置液位计(27)， 当液氨收集罐(13)内液位达到设定高度时，第三阀门(19)开启，收集到的液氨通过第三液氨回流管路(18)回流至液氨缓冲罐中。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，其特征在于：所述液氨缓冲罐(4)设置液位计(27)。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，其特征在于：还包括水乙二醇加热系统，水乙二醇加热系统包括水乙二醇加热器(29)和水乙二醇循环泵(30)，主机缸套水或锅炉蒸汽(28)释放的热量经过水乙二醇加热器(29)、水乙二醇循环泵(30)，通过水乙二醇换热介质提供给所述液氨加热器(6)。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，其特征在于：系统正常运行时，第一阀门(16)关闭，第二阀门(17)开启，液氨燃料通过第二液氨供给管路(10)输送给氨燃料发动机(11)，氨燃料发动机(11)回流的液氨燃料经第一回流管路(14)和第二回流管路(15)直接回流至液氨缓冲罐(4)中。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，其特征在于：液氨存储舱(1)可以是C型压力储舱、A型/B型/薄膜型储舱；液氨存储舱(1)可以是1个或多个。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，其特征在于：氮气吹扫接口(26)提供的氮气压力大于25bar。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，其特征在于：液氨低压泵(2)在每个液氨存储舱(1)配置1台或多台；液氨高压泵(5)配置1台或多台。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统，其特征在于：在透气桅(21)上游设置气液分离装置(20)。
PCT/CN2021/139957 2020-12-28 2021-12-21 一种船用液氨燃料供给及燃料回收利用系统 WO2022143287A1 (zh)

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