WO2022141587A1 - 一种铝合金线材及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种铝合金线材及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022141587A1
WO2022141587A1 PCT/CN2020/142535 CN2020142535W WO2022141587A1 WO 2022141587 A1 WO2022141587 A1 WO 2022141587A1 CN 2020142535 W CN2020142535 W CN 2020142535W WO 2022141587 A1 WO2022141587 A1 WO 2022141587A1
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Prior art keywords
aluminum alloy
optionally
wire
aluminum
purification
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PCT/CN2020/142535
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
缪姚军
洪小红
臧瑞艳
徐春建
缪小林
徐一峰
王鑫寓
曹妍
徐海波
Original Assignee
上海中天铝线有限公司
江苏中天科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP20967925.7A priority Critical patent/EP4253582A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/142535 priority patent/WO2022141587A1/zh
Publication of WO2022141587A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022141587A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of overhead transmission lines, and relates to an aluminum alloy wire, a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the power grid field has vigorously developed UHV transmission lines.
  • the requirements for the conductors put forward high requirements for the safety of the line.
  • the existing medium-strength aluminum alloy stranded wire has a lower breaking force and a small pull-to-weight ratio, which limits the application in some special areas, such as ice-covered areas and large height differences. mountains, etc.
  • its strength and conductivity are a pair of contradictions, and how to find a balance between the two is a difficult problem.
  • the first objective of the present disclosure includes providing an aluminum alloy wire, which can effectively improve the tensile strength of a single wire of the aluminum alloy wire while ensuring electrical conductivity.
  • the second object of the present disclosure includes providing a method for preparing the above-mentioned aluminum alloy wire, which is simple and easy to operate, and can further improve the tensile strength of a single wire of the aluminum alloy wire.
  • the third object of the present disclosure includes providing an application of the above-mentioned aluminum alloy wire, such as for processing wires.
  • the fourth object of the present disclosure includes providing a wire containing the above-mentioned aluminum alloy wire, which can improve the pull-to-weight ratio of the overall wire, reduce the sag of the wire, greatly reduce the investment cost of the tower, and provide a new energy-saving overhead wire. Wire selection.
  • the present disclosure may adopt the following technical solutions:
  • a first aspect of the present disclosure includes providing an aluminum alloy wire rod, and raw materials for preparing the aluminum alloy wire rod include an aluminum ingot and a master alloy ingot.
  • the mass content of aluminum in the aluminum ingot is at least 99.7%.
  • the master alloy ingot is used to provide 0.45-0.6% Mg, 0.45-0.55% Si, 0.16-0.22% Fe, 0.018-0.022% Y, 0.01-0.05% Er, 0.04-0.10% La, 0.05-0.15% Ce and 0.005-0.015% Ti.
  • the master alloy ingot is used to provide 0.47-0.57% Mg, 0.46-0.52% Si, 0.17-0.2% Fe, 0.019-0.02% of the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot of Y, 0.02-0.04% Er, 0.05-0.08% La, 0.07-0.13% Ce, and 0.005-0.007% Ti.
  • the master alloy ingot is used to provide 0.54% Mg, 0.5% Si, 0.2% Fe, 0.02% Y, 0.04% Er, 0.07% La, 0.09% Ce and 0.006% Ti.
  • the minimum value of the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wire is 305 MPa
  • the minimum tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wire is 290MPa
  • the minimum tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wire is 280MPa
  • the minimum value of the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wire is 270 MPa.
  • the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire is 57.5-58.5% IACS.
  • the resistivity of the aluminum alloy wire is ⁇ 30 n ⁇ m. Further optionally, the electrical resistivity of the aluminum alloy wire is ⁇ 29.654 n ⁇ m, and further optionally, the electrical resistivity of the aluminum alloy wire is ⁇ 29.454 n ⁇ m.
  • a second aspect of the present disclosure includes providing a method for preparing the above-mentioned aluminum alloy wire, including the following steps: smelting raw materials.
  • the aluminum ingot is added first and then the master alloy ingot is added.
  • it also includes purifying the aluminum alloy liquid obtained by smelting.
  • the purification includes a first purification, and the first purification is carried out in an adsorption purification manner or a non-adsorption purification manner.
  • adsorption purification is performed using a refining agent.
  • the refining agent includes at least one of a dusting refining agent and a degassing refining agent.
  • the non-adsorption purification is carried out by means of vacuum treatment or ultrasonic treatment.
  • the first purification is performed in a holding furnace.
  • the purification further includes a second purification, and the second purification is in-line degassing.
  • in-line degassing is performed in a refining furnace.
  • a degassing rotary nozzle is provided in the reaction chamber of the online degassing device.
  • the material of the degassing rotary nozzle includes graphite.
  • the hydrogen content in the aluminum alloy liquid is ⁇ 0.15mL/100gAl.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after the first purification is allowed to stand still.
  • the resting time is 20-40min.
  • the method before standing, further includes sampling the aluminum alloy liquid after the first purification and verifying the content of chemical components in the aluminum alloy liquid.
  • it also includes performing slag removal on the aluminum alloy liquid after the second purification.
  • the slag removal is carried out by means of multi-stage filtration.
  • the multi-stage filtration includes using a filter plate to filter first, and then using an electromagnetic purification device to filter.
  • the filtering by the filter plate includes filtering by using the first filter plate and the second filter plate in sequence, wherein the filter hole mesh number of the first filter plate is smaller than the filter hole mesh number of the second filter plate.
  • the filter hole mesh number of the first filter plate is 25-35 mesh
  • the filter hole mesh number of the second filter plate is 35-45 mesh
  • the filter plate comprises a foam ceramic filter plate, a tubular filter plate or a bed filter plate.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after slag removal is cast.
  • the temperature of the lower ladle during the casting process is 690-710°C;
  • the casting is automatic casting.
  • the cast aluminum alloy billet is rolled to obtain the aluminum alloy rod.
  • the cast slab after casting is heated and then rolled.
  • the temperature of the rolled aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 300-360°C.
  • in-line quenching is also included on the rolled aluminum alloy rod, and the quenching temperature is controlled at 60-100°C. Further, heat treatment is performed on the in-line quenched aluminum alloy rod.
  • the heat treatment is performed at 160-200°C for 12-24h.
  • the aluminum alloy rod after the heat treatment is subjected to a drawing process.
  • the drawing is performed by a single-head or double-head wire drawing machine
  • the drawing is to pull the aluminum alloy rod into a monofilament of 1.5-5mm.
  • a third aspect of the present disclosure includes providing an application of the above-mentioned aluminum alloy wire in processing a wire, wherein the wire can be an overhead power transmission line.
  • a fourth aspect of the present disclosure includes providing a wire comprising the above-mentioned aluminum alloy wire.
  • the wires are layered and twisted from aluminum alloy wires.
  • the aluminum alloy wire rod is prepared by cooperating an aluminum ingot with an intermediate alloy ingot containing a specific content of Mg, Si, Fe, Y, Er, La, Ce and Ti, which can effectively improve the single wire of the aluminum alloy wire rod while ensuring the electrical conductivity. tensile strength and electrical properties. Combined with the specific preparation method of the present disclosure, the tensile strength and other properties of the single wire of the aluminum alloy wire can be further improved.
  • Using the aluminum alloy wire for processing wires can improve the overall wire pull-to-weight ratio, reduce wire sag, greatly reduce the investment cost of towers, and provide a new wire selection for energy-saving overhead wires.
  • the national energy standard NB/T 42042-2014 stipulates that the conductivity of LHA4 alloy is 57% IACS, and its tensile strength decreases with the increase of wire diameter. The tensile strength value in the range is 255MPa-290MPa.
  • the EU BS EN 50183 standard stipulates that the electrical conductivity of AL7 alloy is 57.5% IACS, and its tensile strength decreases with the increase of wire diameter. The tensile strength value in the range is 255MPa-290MPa.
  • the method of reducing the tensile strength to improve the electrical conductivity is currently used, so that the electrical conductivity is greater than or equal to 57% IACS, and the tensile strength is between 255MPa-290MPa.
  • the tensile-to-weight ratio of aluminum alloy wires stranded with the above properties is reduced, and the sag of the wires is increased.
  • the height of the iron stack needs to be increased, which greatly increases the investment cost of the line.
  • the inventors have concluded through research that the reason for the lower overall breaking force and the lower tensile-to-weight ratio of the existing medium-strength aluminum alloy stranded wire than the traditional steel-cored aluminum stranded wire is mainly due to the low tensile strength of the single-strand alloy wire.
  • the inventor creatively proposes: on the basis of ensuring the electrical conductivity, by increasing the tensile strength of the single wire to improve the overall wire pull-to-weight ratio and reduce the wire sag, the investment cost of the tower can be greatly reduced, A new conductor selection is available for energy efficient overhead conductors.
  • the present disclosure provides an aluminum alloy wire rod, and raw materials for preparing the aluminum alloy wire rod include aluminum ingots and intermediate alloy ingots.
  • the master alloy ingots include magnesium ingots, aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, aluminum-iron alloy ingots, aluminum-yttrium alloy ingots, aluminum-erbium alloy ingots, aluminum-lanthanum-cerium alloy ingots, and aluminum-titanium-boron alloy rods.
  • the master alloy ingot is used to provide 0.45-0.6% Mg, 0.45-0.55% Si, 0.16-0.22% Fe, 0.018-0.022% Y, 0.01-0.05% Er, 0.04-0.10% La, 0.05-0.15% Ce and 0.005-0.015% Ti.
  • the mass content of aluminum in the aluminum ingot is at least 99.7%.
  • 0.45-0.6 tons of Mg is used to feed magnesium alloys, and 0.45-0.55 tons of Si Feed silicon-containing alloys, feed ferrous alloys according to 0.16-0.22 tons of Fe, feed yttrium-containing alloys according to 0.018-0.022 tons of Y, feed erbium-containing alloys according to 0.01-0.05 tons of Er, and feed lanthanum-containing alloys according to 0.04-0.10 tons of La
  • the cerium-containing alloy is charged according to 0.05-0.15 tons of Ce and the titanium-containing alloy is charged according to 0.005-0.015 tons of Ti.
  • the mass of Mg may account for 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55% or 0.6 of the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot, or it may be any other mass percentage within the range of 0.45-0.6%.
  • the mass of Si can account for 0.45%, 0.5% or 0.55% of the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot, etc., and can also be any other mass percentage within the range of 0.45-0.55%.
  • the mass of Fe can account for 0.16%, 0.18%, 0.2% or 0.22% of the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot, or it can be any other mass percentage within the range of 0.16-0.22%.
  • the mass of Er can account for 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04% or 0.05% of the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot, or it can be any other mass percentage within the range of 0.01-0.05%.
  • the mass of La can account for 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% or 0.10% of the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot, etc., and can also be any other mass percentage within the range of 0.04-0.10%.
  • the mass of Ce may account for 0.05%, 0.10% or 0.15% of the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot, etc., and may also be any other mass percentage within the range of 0.05-0.15%.
  • the mass of Ti can account for 0.005%, 0.01% or 0.015% of the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot, etc., and can also be any other mass percentage within the range of 0.005-0.015%.
  • the master alloy ingot is used to provide 0.47-0.57% Mg, 0.46-0.52% Si, 0.17-0.2% Fe, 0.019-0.02% Y based on the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot , 0.02-0.04% Er, 0.05-0.08% La, 0.07-0.13% Ce and 0.005-0.007% Ti.
  • the master alloy ingot is used to provide 0.54% Mg, 0.5% Si, 0.2% Fe, 0.02% Y, 0.04% Er, 0.07% La, 0.09% Ce and 0.006% Ti.
  • the addition of Mg and Si can form a Mg 2 Si strengthening phase and improve the strength of the matrix. It is worth noting that, according to the amount of Si provided in the present disclosure, after it forms a Mg 2 Si strengthened phase with Mg, the amount of Si still remains, and the excess Si can form a composite strengthened phase with Fe, further improving the structure strength, while at the same time. , the addition of Fe can reduce the presence of free Si, hinder dislocation climbing at high temperature, and improve the strength stability during operation.
  • rare earth element Y can increase the supercooling of the composition, suppress the grain growth by forming Al-Y phase at the grain boundary, refine the grain as nucleation particles in the grain, improve the plasticity of the matrix, and suppress the increase of brittleness caused by the increase of strength. , while improving the alloy process performance and increasing the electrical conductivity.
  • Adding rare earth element Er is mainly used to combine with Al to generate Al 3 Er precipitation phase.
  • the Al-Er phase diagram the Al-Al 3 Er eutectic reaction occurs at the aluminum-rich end.
  • the equilibrium solid solubility of Er is very low, almost close to zero, the driving force for its precipitation is very large.
  • Aging of supersaturated solid solution can produce Al 3 Er precipitates with L12 structure.
  • the primary Al 3 Er phase formed in the solidification process can be used as non-uniform nucleation particles to reduce the dendrite spacing and refine the grains of the as-cast alloy.
  • the supersaturated solid solution containing Er can precipitate uniformly dispersed Al 3 Er particles from the alloy matrix in the subsequent aging process, and maintain coherence with the aluminum alloy matrix, resulting in a significant precipitation strengthening effect, and at the same time, the fine Al 3 Er dispersed and distributed Particles have a pinning effect on dislocations and subgrain boundaries, inhibiting grain growth.
  • La and Ce is beneficial to refine the metamorphism of the grains, reduce the secondary crystal spacing, purify the melt, reduce the gas content and oxidation inclusions in the alloy, and reduce the surface tension of the melt, which can ultimately improve the Physical and mechanical properties and processing properties of aluminum alloy wires.
  • titanium boron rods can form TiB 2 phase, which becomes the heterogeneous nucleation core during crystallization, and plays a role in refining the casting structure.
  • the aluminum alloy wire As mentioned above, by preparing the aluminum alloy wire with the above components according to the corresponding content, a high-performance 57.5% IACS aluminum alloy stranded wire can be obtained. While ensuring the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire, the tensile strength of the single wire is improved, so as to realize the single wire of high strength and high electrical conductivity.
  • the minimum value of its tensile strength is 305MPa.
  • the minimum value of its tensile strength is 290MPa.
  • the wire diameter of the aluminum alloy wire is > 3.5 mm and ⁇ 4.0 mm, the minimum value of its tensile strength is 280 MPa.
  • the wire diameter of the aluminum alloy wire is >4mm and ⁇ 5.0mm, the minimum value of its tensile strength is 270MPa.
  • the minimum tensile strength is 290MPa; when the wire diameter is greater than 3mm and ⁇ 3.5mm, the minimum tensile strength Both are 275MPa; when the wire diameter is greater than 3.5mm and ⁇ 4.0mm, the minimum tensile strength is 265MPa; when the wire diameter is greater than 4mm and ⁇ 5.0mm, the minimum tensile strength is 255MPa.
  • the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wire rod provided by the present application is better than that of the existing LHA4 alloy wire single wire and AL7 alloy wire single wire under the same wire diameter range.
  • the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire rod provided by the present application may be 57.5-58.5% IACS. In some optional embodiments, the electrical resistivity of the aluminum alloy wire provided by the present application is ⁇ 30 n ⁇ m. Further optionally, the electrical resistivity of the aluminum alloy wire is less than or equal to 29.654 n ⁇ m, and further, the electrical resistivity thereof is less than or equal to 29.454 n ⁇ m.
  • the aluminum alloy wire rod provided by the present application can indeed improve the tensile strength of the single wire while ensuring the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned aluminum alloy wire, which may include, for example, the following steps: smelting raw materials.
  • the aluminum ingot is added first and then the master alloy ingot is added. That is, the aluminum ingot is melted first, and then each master alloy ingot is added.
  • the smelting process can be carried out in a smelting furnace.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid obtained by smelting is purified.
  • the purification includes a first purification
  • the first purification can be performed by an adsorption purification method or a non-adsorption purification method.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid can be removed slag and degassed by the first purification.
  • the above adsorption purification can be carried out, for example, by using a refining agent.
  • the refining agent may include at least one of a dusting refining agent and a degassing refining agent.
  • Non-adsorption purification can be carried out by vacuum treatment or ultrasonic treatment.
  • the above-mentioned first purification is also called in-furnace purification or in-furnace refining, and the "furnace” here can be understood as a "holding furnace". The first purification is carried out in the holding furnace.
  • the purification further includes a second purification, and the second purification is in-line degassing.
  • This process is also called purification outside the furnace.
  • the "furnace” here refers to the furnace for the first purification, and the second purification is carried out outside the holding furnace. For reference, the process can be carried out in the refining furnace.
  • the on-line degassing can be carried out by means of electromagnetic stirring.
  • a degassing rotary nozzle may be provided in the reaction chamber of the online degassing device used.
  • the material of the degassing rotary nozzle can be, but not limited to, graphite. It should be noted that the above-mentioned degassing rotary nozzles can be in the form of single rotation or double rotation.
  • the hydrogen content in the aluminum alloy liquid is less than or equal to 0.15mL/100gAl.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after the first purification is allowed to stand still.
  • the standing time can be 20-40min, such as 20min, 25min, 30min, 35min or 40min, etc.
  • the standing time can be 20-40min, such as 20min, 25min, 30min, 35min or 40min, etc.
  • the method before standing, further includes sampling the aluminum alloy liquid after the first purification and verifying the content of chemical components in the aluminum alloy liquid.
  • this step also includes removing slag from the aluminum alloy liquid after the second purification, and this step may also be referred to as the third purification.
  • the above-mentioned slag removal process may be carried out in a multi-stage filtration manner, for example, it may include first filtering with a filter plate, and then filtering with an electromagnetic purification device.
  • various existing filter types can be combined.
  • the non-metallic impurities in the molten aluminum can be effectively removed to achieve the purpose of purifying the molten aluminum, thereby improving the anti-fatigue properties of the product.
  • the filter plate filtration comprises successively adopting the first filter plate and the second filter plate to filter, and the filter hole mesh number of the first filter plate is less than the filter hole mesh number of the second filter plate, for example, the filter hole of the first filter plate.
  • the mesh number can be 25-35 mesh
  • the filter hole mesh number of the second filter plate is 35-45 mesh.
  • the filter plate may include, but is not limited to, a foam ceramic filter plate, a tubular filter plate or a bed filter plate.
  • the condition of electromagnetic purification can be an alternating electromagnetic field type.
  • the above-mentioned secondary filter plate filtration and primary electromagnetic purification device filtration can achieve the effects of coarse filtration, fine filtration and fine filtration.
  • the coarse filtration mainly removes the coarse particles with a diameter of 15 ⁇ m or more
  • the fine filtration mainly removes the diameter range.
  • the medium particles of 10-15 ⁇ m are mainly filtered to remove fine particles with a diameter of less than 10 ⁇ m.
  • the temperature of the lower ladle during the casting process may be 690-710°C, such as 690°C, 695°C, 700°C, 705°C or 710°C, and the like.
  • automatic casting is used for casting, for example, the aluminum alloy liquid can flow through the launder to the ladle mouth for automatic casting.
  • the cast aluminum alloy billet is rolled to obtain an aluminum alloy rod.
  • the cast slab after casting is heated by the tube heating device, and then enters the aluminum alloy rolling line for rolling.
  • the temperature and flow rate of the emulsion can be adjusted so that the The temperature of the aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 300-360°C.
  • on-line quenching is performed on the rolled aluminum alloy rod, and the quenching temperature is 60-100°C, and the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 60-100°C.
  • the heat treatment can be carried out at 160-200°C (eg 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C or 200°C, etc.) for 12-24h (eg 12h, 15h, 18h, 20h, 22h or 24h, etc.) ).
  • the aluminum alloy rod after the heat treatment is subjected to a drawing process.
  • the drawing can be performed with a single or double head wire drawing machine.
  • the single-head and double-head wire drawing machines can have, but are not limited to, 11-pass dies.
  • the drawing can be, for example, drawing an aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy monofilament, and the diameter of the aluminum alloy monofilament can be 1.5-5 mm, such as 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm.
  • the aluminum alloy wire rod is usually subjected to aging treatment after being drawn into a wire.
  • the inventor creatively discovered through research that the aging treatment is placed before the drawing, that is, the aluminum alloy rod is subjected to aging treatment first. Redrawing can effectively improve the mechanical and electrical properties of the aluminum alloy wire.
  • the present disclosure also provides the application of the above-mentioned aluminum alloy wire, for example, it can be used for processing wires.
  • the above-mentioned wires may be overhead transmission lines, and in addition, may also be general conventional wires.
  • a fourth aspect of the present disclosure includes providing a wire containing the above-mentioned aluminum alloy wire.
  • the above-mentioned wires are formed by layered stranding of aluminum alloy wires.
  • a plurality of aluminum alloy wires are interwoven together in a predetermined direction.
  • magnesium ingots aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, aluminum-iron alloy ingots, aluminum-yttrium alloy ingots, aluminum-erbium alloy ingots, aluminum-lanthanum-cerium alloy ingots and aluminum-titanium-boron Alloy rod.
  • the percentage of the content of each element in the smelting furnace to the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot is as follows: Mg is 0.57%, Si is 0.52%, Fe is 0.20%, Y is 0.02%, Er is 0.04%, and La is 0.08% , Ce was 0.08% and Ti was 0.007%.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid obtained after smelting is purified in the furnace by spraying powder refining agent in the holding furnace to remove slag and degassing. Sampling is then carried out in the holding furnace to verify the content of each element in the precise feeding. When the element content satisfies the preset range, the corresponding aluminum alloy liquid is allowed to stand for 30 minutes in the holding furnace.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after standing was flowed into the refining furnace, and the aluminum alloy liquid was purified for the second time by electromagnetic stirring, and degassed again, so that the hydrogen content measured online was ⁇ 0.15ml/100g Al.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after the second purification is separately filtered in the launder with a 30-mesh foam ceramic filter plate, a 40-mesh foam ceramic filter plate and an electromagnetic purification device for three-stage filtration to remove non-metallic impurities.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid was left to the ladle mouth through the launder for automatic casting, and the temperature of the lower ladle was 700°C.
  • the casting billet obtained after casting is heated by the heating device and enters the aluminum alloy rolling group for rolling, and the temperature and flow of the emulsion are adjusted so that the The temperature of the aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 350°C.
  • the aluminum alloy rod is quenched online, so that the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 80°C.
  • the aluminum alloy rods are heat-treated in a box-type aging furnace at 172° C. for 18 hours.
  • 11-die wire drawing machine was used to The aluminum alloy rod is drawn and drawn into of monofilament.
  • the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire is 58.3%IACS, the resistivity is 29.574n ⁇ m, and the resistance to The tensile strength is 278MPa.
  • magnesium ingots aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, aluminum-iron alloy ingots, aluminum-yttrium alloy ingots, aluminum-erbium alloy ingots, aluminum-lanthanum-cerium alloy ingots and aluminum-titanium-boron alloy ingots Alloy rod.
  • the percentage of each element content in the smelting furnace to the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot is as follows: Mg is 0.47%, Si is 0.46%, Fe is 0.17%, Y is 0.019%, Er is 0.02%, La is 0.05% , Ce is 0.07% and Ti is 0.005%.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid obtained after smelting is purified in the furnace by spraying powder refining agent in the holding furnace to remove slag and degassing. Sampling is then carried out in the holding furnace to verify the content of each element in the precise feeding. When the element content satisfies the preset range, the corresponding aluminum alloy liquid is allowed to stand for 30 minutes in the holding furnace.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after standing was flowed into the refining furnace, and the aluminum alloy liquid was purified for the second time by electromagnetic stirring, and degassed again, so that the hydrogen content measured online was ⁇ 0.15ml/100g Al.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after the second purification is separately filtered in the launder with a 30-mesh foam ceramic filter plate, a 40-mesh foam ceramic filter plate and an electromagnetic purification device for three-stage filtration to remove non-metallic impurities.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid was left to the ladle mouth through the launder for automatic casting, and the temperature of the lower ladle was 700°C.
  • the casting billet obtained after casting is heated by the heating device and enters the aluminum alloy rolling group for rolling, and the temperature and flow of the emulsion are adjusted so that the The temperature of the aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 360°C.
  • the aluminum alloy rod is quenched online so that the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 60°C.
  • the aluminum alloy rods were heat-treated in a box-type aging furnace at 182° C. for 16 hours.
  • 11-die wire drawing machine was used to The aluminum alloy rod is drawn and drawn into of monofilament.
  • the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire was 58.07% IACS, the resistivity was 29.691 n ⁇ m, and the tensile strength was 320 MPa.
  • magnesium ingots aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, aluminum-iron alloy ingots, aluminum-yttrium alloy ingots, aluminum-erbium alloy ingots, aluminum-lanthanum-cerium alloy ingots and aluminum-titanium-boron alloy ingots Alloy rod.
  • the percentage of each element content in the smelting furnace to the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot is as follows: Mg is 0.5%, Si is 0.48%, Fe is 0.18%, Y is 0.02%, Er is 0.03%, and La is 0.06% , Ce was 0.13% and Ti was 0.006%.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid obtained after smelting is purified in the furnace by spraying powder refining agent in the holding furnace to remove slag and degassing. Sampling is then carried out in the holding furnace to verify the content of each element in the precise feeding. When the element content satisfies the preset range, the corresponding aluminum alloy liquid is allowed to stand for 35 minutes in the holding furnace.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after standing was flowed into the refining furnace, and the aluminum alloy liquid was purified for the second time by electromagnetic stirring, and degassed again, so that the hydrogen content measured online was ⁇ 0.15ml/100g AL.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after the second purification is separately filtered in the launder with a 25-mesh foam ceramic filter plate, a 35-mesh foam ceramic filter plate and an electromagnetic purification device for three-stage filtration to remove non-metallic impurities.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid was left to the ladle mouth through the launder for automatic casting, and the temperature of the lower ladle was 700°C.
  • the casting billet obtained after casting is heated by the heating device and enters the aluminum alloy rolling group for rolling, and the temperature and flow of the emulsion are adjusted so that the The temperature of the aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 360°C.
  • the aluminum alloy rod is quenched online so that the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 70°C.
  • the aluminum alloy rod is heat-treated in a box-type aging furnace, and the heat-treatment process is 180° C. for 16 hours.
  • 11-die wire drawing machine was used to The aluminum alloy rod is drawn and drawn into of monofilament.
  • the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire was 58.2% IACS, the resistivity was 29.624 n ⁇ m, and the tensile strength was 315 MPa.
  • magnesium ingots aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, aluminum-iron alloy ingots, aluminum-yttrium alloy ingots, aluminum-erbium alloy ingots, aluminum-lanthanum-cerium alloy ingots and aluminum-titanium-boron alloy ingots Alloy rod.
  • the percentage of each element content in the smelting furnace to the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot is as follows: Mg is 0.54%, Si is 0.5%, Fe is 0.2%, Y is 0.02%, Er is 0.04%, La is 0.07% , Ce was 0.09% and Ti was 0.006%.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid obtained after smelting is purified in the furnace by spraying powder refining agent in the holding furnace to remove slag and degassing. Sampling is then carried out in the holding furnace to verify the content of each element in the precise feeding. When the element content satisfies the preset range, the corresponding aluminum alloy liquid is allowed to stand for 40 minutes in the holding furnace.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after standing was flowed into the refining furnace, and the aluminum alloy liquid was purified for the second time by electromagnetic stirring, and degassed again, so that the hydrogen content measured online was ⁇ 0.15ml/100g Al.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after the second purification is respectively 35 mesh foam ceramic filter plate, 45 mesh foam ceramic filter plate and electromagnetic purification device for tertiary filtration in the launder to remove non-metallic impurities.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid was left to the ladle mouth through the launder for automatic casting, and the temperature of the lower ladle was 700°C.
  • the casting billet obtained after casting is heated by the heating device and enters the aluminum alloy rolling group for rolling, and the temperature and flow of the emulsion are adjusted so that the The temperature of the aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 350°C.
  • the aluminum alloy rod is quenched online so that the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 70°C.
  • the aluminum alloy rods are heat-treated in a box-type aging furnace at 178° C. for 16 hours.
  • 11-die wire drawing machine was used to The aluminum alloy rod is drawn and drawn into a 3.5mm monofilament.
  • the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire was 58.25% IACS, the resistivity was 29.599 n ⁇ m, and the tensile strength was 305 MPa.
  • Example 4 The difference between this example and Example 4 is that: using aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.85% as raw materials, accurately feeding in the smelting process, adding magnesium ingots, aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, aluminum-iron alloy ingots, aluminum-yttrium alloy ingots, and aluminum-erbium alloys Ingots, aluminum-lanthanum-cerium alloy ingots, and aluminum-titanium-boron alloy rods.
  • the percentage of each element content in the smelting furnace to the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot is as follows: Mg is 0.45%, Si is 0.45%, Fe is 0.16%, Y is 0.018%, Er is 0.01%, and La is 0.04% , Ce at 0.05% and titanium at 0.005%.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid obtained after smelting is purified in the furnace by spraying powder refining agent in the holding furnace to remove slag and degassing. Sampling is then carried out in the holding furnace to verify the content of each element in the precise feeding. When the element content satisfies the preset range, the corresponding aluminum alloy liquid is allowed to stand for 30 minutes in the holding furnace.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after standing was flowed into the refining furnace, and the aluminum alloy liquid was purified for the second time by electromagnetic stirring, and degassed again, so that the hydrogen content measured online was ⁇ 0.15ml/100g Al.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after the second purification is separately filtered in the launder with a 30-mesh foam ceramic filter plate, a 40-mesh foam ceramic filter plate and an electromagnetic purification device for three-stage filtration to remove non-metallic impurities.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid was left to the ladle mouth through the launder for automatic casting, and the temperature of the lower ladle was 700°C.
  • the casting billet obtained after casting is heated by the heating device and enters the aluminum alloy rolling group for rolling, and the temperature and flow of the emulsion are adjusted so that the The temperature of the aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 360°C.
  • the aluminum alloy rod is quenched online so that the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 70°C.
  • the aluminum alloy rods are heat-treated in a box-type aging furnace at 185° C. for 16 hours.
  • 11-die wire drawing machine was used to The aluminum alloy rod is drawn and drawn into of monofilament.
  • Example 4 The difference between this example and Example 4 is that: using aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.85% as raw materials, accurately feeding in the smelting process, adding magnesium ingots, aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, aluminum-iron alloy ingots, aluminum-yttrium alloy ingots, and aluminum-erbium alloys Ingots, aluminum-lanthanum-cerium alloy ingots, and aluminum-titanium-boron alloy rods.
  • the percentage of each element content in the smelting furnace to the total mass of the aluminum ingot and the master alloy ingot is as follows: Mg is 0.6%, Si is 0.55%, Fe is 0.22%, Y is 0.022%, Er is 0.05%, and La is 0.1% , Ce at 0.15% and titanium at 0.015%.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid obtained after smelting is purified in the furnace by spraying powder refining agent in the holding furnace to remove slag and degassing. Sampling is then carried out in the holding furnace to verify the content of each element in the precise feeding. When the element content satisfies the preset range, the corresponding aluminum alloy liquid is allowed to stand for 30 minutes in the holding furnace.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after standing was flowed into the refining furnace, and the aluminum alloy liquid was purified for the second time by electromagnetic stirring, and degassed again, so that the hydrogen content measured online was ⁇ 0.15ml/100g Al.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid after the second purification is separately filtered in the launder with a 30-mesh foam ceramic filter plate, a 40-mesh foam ceramic filter plate and an electromagnetic purification device for three-stage filtration to remove non-metallic impurities.
  • the aluminum alloy liquid was left to the ladle mouth through the launder for automatic casting, and the temperature of the lower ladle was 700°C.
  • the casting billet obtained after casting is heated by the heating device and enters the aluminum alloy rolling group for rolling, and the temperature and flow of the emulsion are adjusted so that the The temperature of the aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 340°C.
  • the aluminum alloy rod is quenched online so that the temperature of the quenched aluminum alloy rod is controlled at 70°C.
  • the aluminum alloy rod is heat-treated in a box-type aging furnace, and the heat-treatment process is 170° C. for 18 hours.
  • 11-die wire drawing machine was used to The aluminum alloy rod is drawn and drawn into of monofilament.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the multi-stage filtration is replaced by one-stage filtration, that is, only the first filter plate performs filtration.
  • the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire was 57.6% IACS, the resistivity was 29.933 n ⁇ m, and the tensile strength was 278 MPa.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the multi-stage filtration is replaced by one-stage filtration, that is, the filtration is only performed by the electromagnetic purification device.
  • the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire was 57.8% IACS, the resistivity was 29.829 n ⁇ m, and the tensile strength was 278 MPa.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the multi-stage filtration is two-stage filtration, and the first filter plate and the second filter plate are used for filtration in sequence.
  • the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire was 57.65% IACS, the resistivity was 29.909 n ⁇ m, and the tensile strength was 278 MPa.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the multi-stage filtration is two-stage filtration, and the first filter plate and the electromagnetic purification device are used for filtration in sequence.
  • the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire was 57.9% IACS, the resistivity was 29.778 n ⁇ m, and the tensile strength was 278 MPa.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the aluminum alloy rod is first drawn into a single wire and then subjected to aging treatment.
  • the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy wire was 57.5% IACS, the resistivity was 29.585 n ⁇ m, and the tensile strength was 260 MPa.
  • Example 1 Taking the aluminum alloy wire rod provided in Example 1 as an example, it is stranded in the following manner to form a wire.
  • the existing LHA4 type and AL7 type please refer to the table below for the specific technical parameters and economic comparison.
  • the high-performance 57.5% IACS aluminum alloy stranded wire provided in this embodiment has a higher breaking force of 105.7%, a reduction in DC resistance of 99.2%, and a single tensile force.
  • the ratio is increased from 9.80 to 10.36, and the sag of the wire at 70°C is reduced from 7.07m to 6.81m, which not only reduces the line loss but also improves the wire sag.
  • the breaking force of the high-performance 57.5% IACS aluminum alloy stranded wire provided by this embodiment is increased to 105.7%, the DC resistance remains unchanged, and the ratio of tensile force per unit weight is increased from 9.80 to 10.36.
  • the sag at a temperature of 70°C is reduced from 7.07m to 6.81m, which also reduces the wire sag.
  • the high-performance 57.5% IACS aluminum alloy stranded wire provided by the present disclosure has the advantages of low line loss and good sag characteristics, and its construction and operation requirements are basically the same as those of ordinary wires.
  • Example 1 Taking Example 1 as an example, comparative examples 1-8 are set. The difference between each comparative example and Example 1 is only that the amount of the four rare earth elements is different or the types of rare earth elements used are different. The specific amounts and types are shown in the following table.
  • Example 1 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.08 - - Comparative Example 1 - 0.06 0.08 0.08 - - Comparative Example 2 0.06 - 0.08 0..08 - - Comparative Example 3 0.02 0.04 - 0.16 - - Comparative Example 4 0.02 0.04 0.16 - - - Comparative Example 5 0.055 0.005 0.08 0.08 - - Comparative Example 6 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.13
  • Example 2 Measured according to the same measurement method in Example 1, and the test results of the electrical conductivity, resistivity and tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wires of each comparative example are as follows.
  • Example 1 58.3 29.574 278 Comparative Example 1 58.05 29.701 265 Comparative Example 2 57.83 29.814 260 Comparative Example 3 58.01 29.721 270 Comparative Example 4 57.95 29.752 267 Comparative Example 5 57.90 29.778 263 Comparative Example 6 58.07 29.691 275 Comparative Example 7 57.52 29.975 268 Comparative Example 8 57.41 30.032 261
  • Example 1 Comparative Examples 1-4 that, under the condition of the same total rare earth element content, the conductivity, The tensile strength is higher and the resistivity is lower, indicating that there is a certain synergy between the four rare earth elements used in this application.
  • Example 1 Under the condition that the total content of rare earth elements is the same, the electrical conductivity, The tensile strength is higher and the resistivity is lower, indicating that the ratio between the elements in this application is more conducive to obtaining higher comprehensive performance of the wire.
  • Example 1 Comparative Examples 7-8 that, under the condition of the same total rare earth element content, the electrical conductivity and tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wire obtained by using other rare earth elements to replace the rare earth elements in the present application are higher. low, the resistivity is higher. From this it can be seen that the use of rare earth elements in this application is not a conventional choice.
  • the present disclosure prepares an aluminum alloy wire by cooperating an aluminum ingot with an intermediate alloy ingot containing a specific content of Mg, Si, Fe, Y, Er, La, Ce, and Ti, so that the prepared aluminum alloy wire can ensure electrical conductivity at the same time. , effectively improve the tensile strength of aluminum alloy wire single wire. Combined with the specific preparation method of the present disclosure, the tensile strength and other properties of the single wire of the aluminum alloy wire can be further improved. Using the aluminum alloy wire for processing wires can improve the overall wire pull-to-weight ratio, reduce wire sag, greatly reduce the investment cost of towers, and provide a new wire selection for energy-saving overhead wires.

Abstract

本公开涉及导线技术领域，提供了铝合金线材及其制备方法与应用。通过以特定的原料按特定的含量制备铝合金线材，可以在保证导电率的同时，有效提高铝合金线材单线的抗拉强度。再结合本公开特定的制备方法，可进一步提高铝合金线材单线的抗拉强度以及其它性能。将该铝合金线材用于加工导线，可提高整体导线的拉重比，降低导线弧垂，大大减小杆塔的投资成本，为节能型架空导线提供了一个新的导线选型。

Description

一种铝合金线材及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本公开属于架空输电线路技术领域，涉及铝合金线材及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
近年来，电网领域大力发展特高压输电线路，对导线的要求除满足线路的输送容量及降低线路损耗外，对线路的安全提出高的要求。现有的中强度铝合金绞线，相比于传统的钢芯铝绞线，拉断力偏低，拉重比小，使得在一些特殊地区的应用受到限制，如覆冰地区、高低落差大的山区等。众所周知，在铝合金线的生产过程中，其强度和导电率是一对矛盾，如何在两者之间寻求平衡，是个难题。
发明内容
本公开的第一目的包括提供一种铝合金线材，可以在保证导电率的同时，有效提高铝合金线材单线的抗拉强度。
本公开的第二目的包括提供一种上述铝合金线材的制备方法，该方法简单，易操作，可进一步提高铝合金线材单线的抗拉强度。
本公开的第三目的包括提供一种上述铝合金线材的应用，例如用于加工导线。
本公开的第四目的包括提供一种含有上述铝合金线材的导线，可提高整体导线的拉重比，降低导线弧垂，大大减小杆塔的投资成本，为节能型架空导线提供了一个新的导线选型。
为实现本公开的上述目的中的至少一个目的，本公开可采用以下技术方案：
本公开的第一方面包括提供一种铝合金线材，制备该铝合金线材的原料包括铝锭和中间合金锭。铝锭中铝的质量含量至少为99.7％。中间合金锭用于提供占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量0.45-0.6％的Mg、0.45-0.55％的Si、0.16-0.22％的Fe、0.018-0.022％的Y、0.01-0.05％的Er、0.04-0.10％的La、0.05-0.15％的Ce以及0.005-0.015％的Ti。在一些可选地实施方式中，中间合金锭用于提供占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的0.47-0.57％的Mg、0.46-0.52％的Si、0.17-0.2％的Fe、0.019-0.02％的Y、0.02-0.04％的Er、0.05-0.08％的La、0.07-0.13％的Ce 以及0.005-0.007％的Ti。
在一些可选地实施方式中，中间合金锭用于提供占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的0.54％的Mg、0.5％的Si、0.2％的Fe、0.02％的Y、0.04％的Er、0.07％的La、0.09％的Ce以及0.006％的Ti。
在一些可选地实施方式中，当铝合金线材的线径＞2.5mm且≤3.0mm时，铝合金线材的抗拉强度最小值为305MPa；
和/或，当铝合金线材的线径＞3mm且≤3.5mm时，铝合金线材的抗拉强度最小值为290MPa；
和/或，当铝合金线材的线径＞3.5mm且≤4.0mm时，铝合金线材的抗拉强度最小值为280MPa；
和/或，当铝合金线材的线径＞4mm且≤5.0mm时，铝合金线材的抗拉强度最小值为270MPa。
在一些可选地实施方式中，铝合金线材的导电率为57.5-58.5％IACS。
在一些可选地实施方式中，铝合金线材的电阻率≤30nΩ·m。进一步可选地，铝合金线材的电阻率≤29.654nΩ·m，更进一步可选地，铝合金线材的电阻率≤29.454nΩ·m。
本公开的第二方面包括提供上述铝合金线材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：熔炼原料。
在一些可选地实施方式中，熔炼过程中，先添加铝锭再添加中间合金锭。
在一些可选地实施方式中，还包括对熔炼所得的铝合金液进行净化。
可选地，净化包括第一次净化，第一次净化采用吸附净化方式或非吸附净化方式进行。
可选地，吸附净化采用精炼剂进行。
可选地，精炼剂包括喷粉精炼剂和除气精炼剂中的至少一种。
可选地，非吸附净化采用真空处理或超声波处理的方式进行。
可选地，第一次净化于保温炉内进行。
在一些可选地实施方式中，净化还包括第二次净化，第二次净化为在线除气。
可选地，在线除气在精炼炉中进行。进一步可选地，在线除气装置的反应室内设有除 气旋转喷嘴。更进一步可选地，除气旋转喷嘴的材料包括石墨。
可选地，在线除气后，铝合金液中的氢气含量≤0.15mL/100gAl。
在一些可选地实施方式中，第二次净化前，还包括静置第一次净化后的铝合金液。
可选地，静置时间为20-40min。
在一些可选地实施方式中，静置前，还包括对第一次净化后的铝合金液进行采样并验证铝合金液中的化学成分含量。
在一些可选地实施方式中，还包括将第二次净化后的铝合金液进行除渣。
可选地，除渣采用多级过滤方式进行。
可选地，多级过滤包括先采用过滤板进行过滤，再采用电磁净化装置进行过滤。
可选地，过滤板过滤包括依次采用第一过滤板以及第二过滤板过滤，其中，第一过滤板的滤孔目数小于第二过滤板的滤孔目数。
可选地，第一过滤板的滤孔目数为25-35目，第二过滤板的滤孔目数为35-45目。
可选地，过滤板包括泡沫陶瓷过滤板、管式过滤板或床式过滤板。
在一些可选地实施方式中，将除渣后的铝合金液进行浇铸。
可选地，浇铸过程中下浇包温度为690-710℃；
可选地，浇铸为自动浇铸。
在一些可选地实施方式中，将浇铸后的铝合金铸坯进行轧制以获得铝合金杆。
可选地，浇注后的铸坯先加热再轧制。
可选地，轧制后的铝合金杆的温度控制在300-360℃。
可选地，还包括对轧制后的铝合金杆进行在线淬火，淬火温度控制在60-100℃。进一步地，将在线淬火后的铝合金杆进行热处理。
可选地，热处理是在160-200℃的条件下进行12-24h。
进一步地，将热处理后的铝合金杆进行拉拔处理。
可选地，拉拔采用单、双头拉丝机进行；
可选地，拉拔是将铝合金杆拉成1.5-5mm的单丝。
本公开的第三方面包括提供一种上述铝合金线材在加工导线中的应用，其中，导线可以为架空输电线。
本公开的第四方面包括提供一种导线，其含有上述铝合金线材。
在一些可选地实施方式中，导线由铝合金线材分层绞合而成。
本公开的作用与效果包括：
本公开通过将铝锭和含有特定含量的Mg、Si、Fe、Y、Er、La、Ce以及Ti的中间合金锭配合制备铝合金线材，可以在保证导电率的同时，有效提高铝合金线材单线的抗拉强度和电气性能。再结合本公开特定的制备方法，可进一步提高铝合金线材单线的抗拉强度以及其它性能。将该铝合金线材用于加工导线，可提高整体导线的拉重比，降低导线弧垂，大大减小杆塔的投资成本，为节能型架空导线提供了一个新的导线选型。
具体实施方式
为使公开目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
目前，常见的国、内外中强度铝合金线单线性能如下：
国家能源标准NB/T 42042-2014中规定LHA4合金导电率为57％IACS，其抗拉强度随着线径的增加而减小，在线径
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000001
范围内抗拉强度值为255MPa-290MPa。欧盟BS EN 50183标准中规定AL7合金导电率57.5％IACS，其抗拉强度随着线径的增加而减小，在线径
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000002
范围内抗拉强度值为255MPa-290MPa。
无论国内的LHA4合金还是国外的AL7合金，目前均采用降低抗拉强度来提高导电率的方法，使得导电率≥57％IACS，抗拉强度介于255MPa-290MPa。而在架空线路中，采用以上性能绞合的铝合金导线拉重比降低，导线的弧垂增加，为了保证线路的安全性，需增加铁搭的高度，从而大大增加了线路的投资成本。
发明人通过研究得出：现有的中强度铝合金绞线相比于传统的钢芯铝绞线整体拉断力偏低以及拉重比小的原因主要在于单股合金线抗拉强度低。在此基础上，发明人创造性地提出：在保证导电率的基础上，通过提高单线的抗拉强度来提高整体导线的拉重比，降低 导线弧垂，从而可大大减小杆塔的投资成本，为节能型架空导线提供了一个新的导线选型。
鉴于此，本公开提供了一种铝合金线材，制备该铝合金线材的原料包括铝锭和中间合金锭。可参考地，中间合金锭包括镁锭、铝硅合金锭、铝铁合金锭、铝钇合金锭、铝铒合金锭、铝镧铈合金锭以及铝钛硼合金杆。
中间合金锭用于提供占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量0.45-0.6％的Mg、0.45-0.55％的Si、0.16-0.22％的Fe、0.018-0.022％的Y、0.01-0.05％的Er、0.04-0.10％的La、0.05-0.15％的Ce以及0.005-0.015％的Ti。铝锭中铝的质量含量至少为99.7％。
可理解地，以总质量100吨铝锭及中间合金锭(该铝锭中铝的纯度至少为99.7％)为例，按0.45-0.6吨的Mg投料含镁合金，按0.45-0.55吨的Si投料含硅合金，按0.16-0.22吨的Fe投料含铁合金，按0.018-0.022吨的Y投料含钇合金，按0.01-0.05吨的Er投料含铒合金，按0.04-0.10吨的La投料含镧合金，按0.05-0.15吨的Ce投料含铈合金以及按0.005-0.015吨的Ti投料含钛合金。
可参考地，Mg的质量可以占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的0.45％、0.5％、0.55％或0.6等，也可以为0.45-0.6％范围内的其它任一质量百分含量。
Si的质量可以占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的0.45％、0.5％或0.55％等，也可以为0.45-0.55％范围内的其它任一质量百分含量。
Fe的质量可以占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的0.16％、0.18％、0.2％或0.22％等，也可以为0.16-0.22％范围内的其它任一质量百分含量。
Er的质量可以占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的0.01％、0.02％、0.03％、0.04％或0.05％等，也可以为0.01-0.05％范围内的其它任一质量百分含量。
La的质量可以占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的0.04％、0.06％、0.08％或0.10％等，也可以为0.04-0.10％范围内的其它任一质量百分含量。
Ce的质量可以占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的0.05％、0.10％或0.15％等，也可以为0.05-0.15％范围内的其它任一质量百分含量。
Ti的质量均可以各占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的0.005％、0.01％或0.015％等，也可以为0.005-0.015％范围内的其它任一质量百分含量。
值得说明的是，在具体投料时，上述各中间合金锭所含的各中间合金的质量可以在各 自范围内自由组合。
在一些优选地实施方式中，中间合金锭用于提供占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量0.47-0.57％的Mg、0.46-0.52％的Si、0.17-0.2％的Fe、0.019-0.02％的Y、0.02-0.04％的Er、0.05-0.08％的La、0.07-0.13％的Ce以及0.005-0.007％的Ti。
在一些具体可选地实施方式中，中间合金锭用于提供占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量0.54％的Mg、0.5％的Si、0.2％的Fe、0.02％的Y、0.04％的Er、0.07％的La、0.09％的Ce以及0.006％的Ti。
上述各化学成分中，添加Mg和Si可形成Mg 2Si强化相，改善基体强度。值得说明的是，按本公开提供的Si的用量，在其与Mg形成Mg 2Si强化相后，Si的用量还有剩，过剩的Si可与Fe形成复合强化相，进一步改善组织强度，同时，Fe的加入能够减少游离Si的存在，阻碍高温下的位错攀移，改善运行过程中的强度稳定性。
稀土元素Y的添加可增加成分过冷，通过在晶界形成Al-Y相抑制晶粒长大，晶内作为形核质点细化晶粒，提升基体塑性，平抑强度提升带来的脆性增大，同时改善合金工艺性能，提升导电率。
添加稀土元素Er主要用于与Al结合生成Al 3Er析出相。根据Al-Er相图，在富铝端发生Al-Al 3Er共晶反应，同时由于Er的平衡固溶度非常低，几乎接近于零，使得其析出驱动力非常大，在熔体凝固或者过饱和固溶体时效均可产生了L12结构的Al 3Er析出相。在凝固过程中形成的初生Al 3Er相，可以作为非均匀形核质点，减小枝晶间距，细化铸态合金的晶粒。含Er的过饱和固溶体在后续时效过程中能够从合金基体中析出弥散均匀分布的Al 3Er粒子，并且与铝合金基体保持共格，产生显著的析出强化效果，同时弥散分布的细小Al 3Er质点对位错和亚晶界具有钉扎作用，抑制晶粒长大。
La和Ce的添加有利于细化晶粒的变质作用，减少二次晶间距，同时还能够净化熔体，减少合金中的气体含量以及氧化夹杂，并且还能降低熔体表面张力，最终可改善铝合金线材的物理机械性能以及加工性能。
钛硼杆的添加可形成TiB 2相，成为结晶时的异质形核核心，起到细化铸造组织的作用。
值得说明的是，本申请中之所以将Y、Er、La和Ce四种稀土元素配合添加，能够起到优化调控的作用，不仅对铝合金线材的抗拉强度具有一定的协同增效作用，而且还能改善合金单线的机械、电气性能。
承上，通过以上述各成分按相应的含量制备铝合金线材，可获得高性能的57.5％IACS铝合金绞线，在保证铝合金线导电率的同时，提高了单线抗拉强度，从而实现单线的高强度、高导电率的性能。
可参照地，按照《NB/T 43043-2014》以及欧盟BS EN 50183的测试标准，本申请提供的铝合金线材的线径＞2.5mm且≤3.0mm时，其抗拉强度最小值为305MPa。当铝合金线材的线径＞3mm且≤3.5mm时，其抗拉强度最小值为290MPa。当铝合金线材的线径＞3.5mm且≤4.0mm时，其抗拉强度最小值为280MPa。当铝合金线材的线径＞4mm且≤5.0mm时，其抗拉强度最小值为270MPa。
而目前的LHA4合金线单线以及AL7合金线单线，在线径＞2.5mm且≤3.0mm时，其抗拉强度最小值均为290MPa；在线径＞3mm且≤3.5mm时，其抗拉强度最小值均为275MPa；在线径＞3.5mm且≤4.0mm时，其抗拉强度最小值均为265MPa；在线径＞4mm且≤5.0mm时，其抗拉强度最小值均为255MPa。
上述性能对比归纳如下：
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000003
由此可以证明，本申请提供的铝合金线材在相同线径范围下所具有的抗拉强度均优于现有的LHA4合金线单线以及AL7合金线单线。
在一些可选地实施方式中，本申请提供的铝合金线材的导电率可以为57.5-58.5％IACS。在一些可选地实施方式中，本申请提供的铝合金线材的电阻率≤30nΩ·m。进一步可选地，铝合金线材的电阻率≤29.654nΩ·m，更进一步地，其电阻率≤29.454nΩ·m。
由上述内容可证明，本申请提供的铝合金线材确实能够在保证铝合金线导电率的同时，提高单线抗拉强度。
进一步地，本公开还提供了上述铝合金线材的制备方法，例如可包括以下步骤：熔炼 原料。
在一些可选地实施方式中，熔炼过程中，先添加铝锭再添加中间合金锭。也即先使铝锭熔化，再加入各中间合金锭。熔炼过程可在熔炼炉中进行。
随后，对熔炼所得的铝合金液进行净化。
可选地，净化包括第一次净化，第一次净化可以采用吸附净化方式或非吸附净化方式进行。通过第一次净化可对铝合金液进行除渣和除气。
可参考地，上述吸附净化例如可以采用精炼剂进行。精炼剂可包括喷粉精炼剂和除气精炼剂中的至少一种。非吸附净化可采用真空处理或超声波处理的方式进行。上述第一次净化也称炉内净化或炉内精炼，此处的“炉”可理解为“保温炉”。第一次净化即于保温炉内进行。
在一些可选地实施方式中，净化还包括第二次净化，第二次净化为在线除气。此过程也称炉外净化，此处的“炉”指第一次净化的炉，第二次净化即于保温炉外进行，可参照地，该过程可于精炼炉中进行。
可选地，在线除气可采用电磁搅拌的方式进行。对应使用的在线除气装置的反应室内可设有除气旋转喷嘴。该除气旋转喷嘴的材料可以但不仅限于为石墨。值得说明的是，上述除气旋转喷嘴可以为单旋转或双旋转形式。
较佳地，在线除气后，铝合金液中的氢气含量≤0.15mL/100gAl。
在一些可选地实施方式中，第二次净化前，还包括静置第一次净化后的铝合金液。
可选地，静置时间可以为20-40min，如20min、25min、30min、35min或40min等。通过静置可将铝合金液中的一些已熔的气体或氧化夹杂还原出来，若静置时间较短，无法将气体或杂质排的比较净；若静置时间较长，精炼好的干净铝液又会吸气。
在一些可选地实施方式中，静置前，还包括对第一次净化后的铝合金液进行采样并验证铝合金液中的化学成分含量。
进一步地，还包括将第二次净化后的铝合金液进行除渣，此步骤也可称为第三次净化。
在一些可选地实施方式中，上述除渣过程可采用多级过滤方式进行，例如可以包括先采用过滤板进行过滤，再采用电磁净化装置进行过滤。此外，也可以采用各种现有过滤类型进行组合。
通过采用在线多级过滤技术，可有效去除铝液中的非金属杂质，达到净化铝合金液的目的，从而提升产品的抗疲劳特性。
可选地，过滤板过滤包括依次采用第一过滤板以及第二过滤板过滤，第一过滤板的滤孔目数小于第二过滤板的滤孔目数，例如，第一过滤板的滤孔目数可以为25-35目，第二过滤板的滤孔目数为35-45目。其中，过滤板可以但不限于包括泡沫陶瓷过滤板、管式过滤板或床式过滤板。电磁净化的条件可以为交变电磁场式。
上述依次经过二次过滤板过滤以及一次电磁净化装置过滤可实现粗过滤、细过滤以及精过滤的效果，其中，粗过滤主要除去直径在15μm以上的粗大颗粒，细过滤主要是去除直径范围介于10-15μm的中等颗粒，经过滤主要是去除直径在10μm以下的细小颗粒。通过上述多级过滤，可使得铝合金液的杂质过滤彻底，为后续轧制产品的导电率提供保障。
进一步地，将除渣后的铝合金液进行浇铸。
可选地，浇铸过程中下浇包温度可以为690-710℃，如690℃、695℃、700℃、705℃或710℃等。在优选地实施方式中，浇铸采用自动浇铸，例如可以是铝合金液经流槽流至浇包口进行自动浇铸。
进一步地，将浇铸后的铝合金铸坯进行轧制以获得铝合金杆。
可参照地，浇铸后的铸坯经管加热装置加热后，进入铝合金轧机组进行轧制。该过程中，可调节乳化液的温度、流量，使得经过轧辊轧制完成后的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000004
铝合金杆的温度控制在300-360℃。
进一步地，对轧制后的铝合金杆进行在线淬火，淬火温度为60-100℃并使得淬火后的铝合金杆温度控制在60-100℃。
进一步地，将在线淬火后的铝合金杆进行热处理。
可选地，热处理可以在160-200℃(如160℃、170℃、180℃、190℃或200℃等)的条件下进行12-24h(如12h、15h、18h、20h、22h或24h等)。
进一步地，将热处理后的铝合金杆进行拉拔处理。
可选地，拉拔可采用单、双头拉丝机进行。可参考地，单、双头拉丝机可以但不仅限于具有11道模。拉拔例如可以是将铝合金杆拉成铝合金单丝，该铝合金单丝的直径可以为1.5-5mm，如1.5mm、2mm、2.5mm、3mm、3.5mm、4mm或5mm等。
值得说明的是，目前铝合金线材通常是在拉拔成丝后再进行时效处理，发明人通过研究创造性地发现，将时效处理前置于拉拔前，也即先对铝合金杆进行时效处理再拉拔可有效提升铝合金线材的机械性能和电气性能。
此外，本公开还提供了上述铝合金线材的应用，例如可用于加工导线。可参考地，上述导线可以为架空输电线，此外，也可以为一般常规的导线。
对应地，本公开的第四方面包括提供一种导线，其含有上述铝合金线材。
在一些可选地实施方式中，上述导线由铝合金线材分层绞合而成。例如，将多根铝合金线材(单丝，也即单线)按着预设的方向交织在一起。
下面结合实施例和附图对本公开进行详细描述。但下列实施例不应看作对本公开范围的限制。
实施例1
以纯度为99.7％的铝锭为原料，在熔炼过程中精准投料，添加镁锭、铝硅合金锭、铝铁合金锭、铝钇合金锭、铝铒合金锭、铝镧铈合金锭以及铝钛硼合金杆。使得熔炼炉中各元素含量占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的百分比依次如下：Mg为0.57％、Si为0.52％、Fe为0.20％、Y为0.02％、Er为0.04％、La为0.08％、Ce为0.08％以及钛为0.007％。
随后将熔炼后所得的铝合金液在保温炉内采用喷粉精炼剂进行炉内净化处理，以除渣和除气。随后在保温炉中进行采样，验证精准投料的各元素含量。当元素含量满足预设范围后，在保温炉中将相应的铝合金液静置30分钟。
随后，将静置后的铝合金液流入精炼炉，采用电磁搅拌的方式对铝合金液进行第二次净化，再次除气，使得在线测量的氢气含量≤0.15ml/100g Al。
将第二次净化后的铝合金液在流槽中分别采用30的目泡沫陶瓷过滤板、40目的泡沫陶瓷过滤板及电磁净化装置进行三级过滤，以去除非金属杂质。
随后，铝合金液经流槽留至浇包口进行自动浇铸，下浇包温度为700℃。
浇铸后所得的铸坯经加热装置加热，进入铝合金轧机组进行轧制，调节乳化液的温度和流量，使得经过轧辊轧制完成后的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000005
铝合金杆的温度控制在350℃。
对铝合金杆进行在线淬火，使得淬火后的铝合金杆温度控制在80℃。
在箱式时效炉中对铝合金杆进行热处理，热处理工艺为172℃，18小时。
采用11模拉丝机对上述经热处理的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000006
的铝合金杆进行拉拔，拉拔成
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000007
的单丝。
按照NB/T 43043-2014以及欧盟BS EN 50183-2000《架空导线用铝镁硅合金线》测试标准进行测定，该铝合金线材的导电率为58.3％IACS，电阻率为29.574nΩ·m，抗拉强度为278MPa。
实施例2
以纯度为99.7％的铝锭为原料，在熔炼过程中精准投料，添加镁锭、铝硅合金锭、铝铁合金锭、铝钇合金锭、铝铒合金锭、铝镧铈合金锭以及铝钛硼合金杆。使得熔炼炉中各元素含量占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的百分比依次如下：Mg为0.47％、Si为0.46％、Fe为0.17％、Y为0.019％、Er为0.02％、La为0.05％、Ce为0.07％以及钛为0.005％。
随后将熔炼后所得的铝合金液在保温炉内采用喷粉精炼剂进行炉内净化处理，以除渣和除气。随后在保温炉中进行采样，验证精准投料的各元素含量。当元素含量满足预设范围后，在保温炉中将相应的铝合金液静置30分钟。
随后，将静置后的铝合金液流入精炼炉，采用电磁搅拌的方式对铝合金液进行第二次净化，再次除气，使得在线测量的氢气含量≤0.15ml/100g Al。
将第二次净化后的铝合金液在流槽中分别采用30的目泡沫陶瓷过滤板、40目的泡沫陶瓷过滤板及电磁净化装置进行三级过滤，以去除非金属杂质。
在流槽中分别采用30目、40目的泡沫陶瓷过滤板及电磁净化装置进行多级过滤，去除非金属杂质。
随后，铝合金液经流槽留至浇包口进行自动浇铸，下浇包温度为700℃。
浇铸后所得的铸坯经加热装置加热，进入铝合金轧机组进行轧制，调节乳化液的温度和流量，使得经过轧辊轧制完成后的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000008
铝合金杆的温度控制在360℃。
对铝合金杆进行在线淬火，使得淬火后的铝合金杆温度控制在60℃。
在箱式时效炉中对铝合金杆进行热处理，热处理工艺为182℃，16小时。
采用11模拉丝机对上述经热处理的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000009
的铝合金杆进行拉拔，拉拔成
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000010
的单丝。
按与实施例1相同的测定方法进行测定，该铝合金线材的导电率为58.07％IACS，电阻 率为29.691nΩ·m，抗拉强度为320MPa。
实施例3
以纯度为99.85％的铝锭为原料，在熔炼过程中精准投料，添加镁锭、铝硅合金锭、铝铁合金锭、铝钇合金锭、铝铒合金锭、铝镧铈合金锭以及铝钛硼合金杆。使得熔炼炉中各元素含量占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的百分比依次如下：Mg为0.5％、Si为0.48％、Fe为0.18％、Y为0.02％、Er为0.03％、La为0.06％、Ce为0.13％以及钛为0.006％。
随后将熔炼后所得的铝合金液在保温炉内采用喷粉精炼剂进行炉内净化处理，以除渣和除气。随后在保温炉中进行采样，验证精准投料的各元素含量。当元素含量满足预设范围后，在保温炉中将相应的铝合金液静置35分钟。
随后，将静置后的铝合金液流入精炼炉，采用电磁搅拌的方式对铝合金液进行第二次净化，再次除气，使得在线测量的氢气含量≤0.15ml/100g AL。
将第二次净化后的铝合金液在流槽中分别采用25的目泡沫陶瓷过滤板、35目的泡沫陶瓷过滤板及电磁净化装置进行三级过滤，以去除非金属杂质。
随后，铝合金液经流槽留至浇包口进行自动浇铸，下浇包温度为700℃。
浇铸后所得的铸坯经加热装置加热，进入铝合金轧机组进行轧制，调节乳化液的温度和流量，使得经过轧辊轧制完成后的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000011
铝合金杆的温度控制在360℃。
对铝合金杆进行在线淬火，使得淬火后的铝合金杆温度控制在70℃。
在箱式时效炉中对铝合金杆进行热处理，热处理工艺为180℃，16小时。
采用11模拉丝机对上述经热处理的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000012
的铝合金杆进行拉拔，拉拔成
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000013
的单丝。
按与实施例1相同的测定方法进行测定，该铝合金线材的导电率为58.2％IACS，电阻率为29.624nΩ·m，抗拉强度为315MPa。
实施例4
以纯度为99.85％的铝锭为原料，在熔炼过程中精准投料，添加镁锭、铝硅合金锭、铝铁合金锭、铝钇合金锭、铝铒合金锭、铝镧铈合金锭以及铝钛硼合金杆。使得熔炼炉中各元素含量占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的百分比依次如下：Mg为0.54％、Si为0.5％、Fe为0.2％、Y为0.02％、Er为0.04％、La为0.07％、Ce为0.09％以及钛为0.006％。
随后将熔炼后所得的铝合金液在保温炉内采用喷粉精炼剂进行炉内净化处理，以除渣和除气。随后在保温炉中进行采样，验证精准投料的各元素含量。当元素含量满足预设范围后，在保温炉中将相应的铝合金液静置40分钟。
随后，将静置后的铝合金液流入精炼炉，采用电磁搅拌的方式对铝合金液进行第二次净化，再次除气，使得在线测量的氢气含量≤0.15ml/100g Al。
将第二次净化后的铝合金液在流槽中分别采用35的目泡沫陶瓷过滤板、45目的泡沫陶瓷过滤板及电磁净化装置进行三级过滤，以去除非金属杂质。
随后，铝合金液经流槽留至浇包口进行自动浇铸，下浇包温度为700℃。
浇铸后所得的铸坯经加热装置加热，进入铝合金轧机组进行轧制，调节乳化液的温度和流量，使得经过轧辊轧制完成后的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000014
铝合金杆的温度控制在350℃。
对铝合金杆进行在线淬火，使得淬火后的铝合金杆温度控制在70℃。
在箱式时效炉中对铝合金杆进行热处理，热处理工艺为178℃，16小时。
采用11模拉丝机对上述经热处理的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000015
的铝合金杆进行拉拔，拉拔成3.5mm的单丝。
按与实施例1相同的测定方法进行测定，该铝合金线材的导电率为58.25％IACS，电阻率为29.599nΩ·m，抗拉强度为305MPa。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例4的区别在于：以纯度为99.85％的铝锭为原料，在熔炼过程中精准投料，添加镁锭、铝硅合金锭、铝铁合金锭、铝钇合金锭、铝铒合金锭、铝镧铈合金锭以及铝钛硼合金杆。使得熔炼炉中各元素含量占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的百分比依次如下：Mg为0.45％、Si为0.45％、Fe为0.16％、Y为0.018％、Er为0.01％、La为0.04％、Ce为0.05％以及钛为0.005％。
随后将熔炼后所得的铝合金液在保温炉内采用喷粉精炼剂进行炉内净化处理，以除渣和除气。随后在保温炉中进行采样，验证精准投料的各元素含量。当元素含量满足预设范围后，在保温炉中将相应的铝合金液静置30分钟。
随后，将静置后的铝合金液流入精炼炉，采用电磁搅拌的方式对铝合金液进行第二次净化，再次除气，使得在线测量的氢气含量≤0.15ml/100g Al。
将第二次净化后的铝合金液在流槽中分别采用30的目泡沫陶瓷过滤板、40目的泡沫陶瓷过滤板及电磁净化装置进行三级过滤，以去除非金属杂质。
随后，铝合金液经流槽留至浇包口进行自动浇铸，下浇包温度为700℃。
浇铸后所得的铸坯经加热装置加热，进入铝合金轧机组进行轧制，调节乳化液的温度和流量，使得经过轧辊轧制完成后的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000016
铝合金杆的温度控制在360℃。
对铝合金杆进行在线淬火，使得淬火后的铝合金杆温度控制在70℃。
在箱式时效炉中对铝合金杆进行热处理，热处理工艺为185℃，16小时。
采用11模拉丝机对上述经热处理的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000017
的铝合金杆进行拉拔，拉拔成
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000018
的单丝。
按照NB/T 43043-2014以及欧盟BS EN 50183-2000《架空导线用铝镁硅合金线》测试标准进行测定，该铝合金线材的导电率为57.9％IACS，电阻率为29.778nΩ·m，抗拉强度为322MPa。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例4的区别在于：以纯度为99.85％的铝锭为原料，在熔炼过程中精准投料，添加镁锭、铝硅合金锭、铝铁合金锭、铝钇合金锭、铝铒合金锭、铝镧铈合金锭以及铝钛硼合金杆。使得熔炼炉中各元素含量占铝锭及中间合金锭总质量的百分比依次如下：Mg为0.6％、Si为0.55％、Fe为0.22％、Y为0.022％、Er为0.05％、La为0.1％、Ce为0.15％以及钛为0.015％。
随后将熔炼后所得的铝合金液在保温炉内采用喷粉精炼剂进行炉内净化处理，以除渣和除气。随后在保温炉中进行采样，验证精准投料的各元素含量。当元素含量满足预设范围后，在保温炉中将相应的铝合金液静置30分钟。
随后，将静置后的铝合金液流入精炼炉，采用电磁搅拌的方式对铝合金液进行第二次净化，再次除气，使得在线测量的氢气含量≤0.15ml/100g Al。
将第二次净化后的铝合金液在流槽中分别采用30的目泡沫陶瓷过滤板、40目的泡沫陶瓷过滤板及电磁净化装置进行三级过滤，以去除非金属杂质。
随后，铝合金液经流槽留至浇包口进行自动浇铸，下浇包温度为700℃。
浇铸后所得的铸坯经加热装置加热，进入铝合金轧机组进行轧制，调节乳化液的温度 和流量，使得经过轧辊轧制完成后的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000019
铝合金杆的温度控制在340℃。
对铝合金杆进行在线淬火，使得淬火后的铝合金杆温度控制在70℃。
在箱式时效炉中对铝合金杆进行热处理，热处理工艺为170℃，18小时。
采用11模拉丝机对上述经热处理的
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000020
的铝合金杆进行拉拔，拉拔成
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000021
的单丝。
按照NB/T 43043-2014以及欧盟BS EN 50183-2000《架空导线用铝镁硅合金线》测试标准进行测定，该铝合金线材的导电率为58.5％IACS，电阻率为29.472nΩ·m，抗拉强度为275MPa。
实施例7
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于：多级过滤由一级过滤代替，即仅由第一过滤板进行过滤。
按与实施例1相同的测定方法进行测定，该铝合金线材的导电率为57.6％IACS，电阻率为29.933nΩ·m，抗拉强度为278MPa。
实施例8
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于：多级过滤由一级过滤代替，即仅由电磁净化装置进行过滤。
按与实施例1相同的测定方法进行测定，该铝合金线材的导电率为57.8％IACS，电阻率为29.829nΩ·m，抗拉强度为278MPa。
实施例9
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于：多级过滤为二级过滤，依次采用第一过滤板以及第二过滤板过滤。
按与实施例1相同的测定方法进行测定，该铝合金线材的导电率为57.65％IACS，电阻率为29.909nΩ·m，抗拉强度为278MPa。
实施例10
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于：多级过滤为二级过滤，依次采用第一过滤板以及电磁净化装置进行过滤。
按与实施例1相同的测定方法进行测定，该铝合金线材的导电率为57.9％IACS，电阻率为29.778nΩ·m，抗拉强度为278MPa。
实施例11
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于：先将铝合金杆拉拔成单丝再进行时效处理。
按与实施例1相同的测定方法进行测定，该铝合金线材的导电率为57.5％IACS，电阻率为29.585nΩ·m，抗拉强度为260MPa。
试验例
以实施例1所提供的铝合金线材为例，将其按照以下方式进行绞合以制成导线。同时，以现有的LHA4型及AL7型作为对比，具体的技术参数及经济性对比请参照下表。
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2020142535-appb-000023
由上表可以看出，与LHA4型铝合金绞线相比，本实施例提供的高性能57.5％IACS铝合金绞线的拉断力提高至105.7％，直流电阻降低为99.2％，拉力单重比由9.80提升为10.36，导线温度70℃的弧垂由7.07m降低至6.81m，既降低了线路损耗又改善了导线弧垂。
与AL7型铝合金绞线相比，本实施例提供的高性能57.5％IACS铝合金绞线的拉断力提高至105.7％，直流电阻保持不变，拉力单重比由9.80提升为10.36，导线温度70℃的弧垂由7.07m降低至6.81m，同样降低了导线弧垂。
因此，本公开提供的高性能57.5％IACS铝合金绞线具有线路损耗小、弧垂特性好等优点，其施工、运行要求与普通导线基本一致。
对比例
以实施例1为例，设置对比例1-8，各对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于四种稀土元素的用量不同或所用的稀土元素种类不同，具体用量及种类见下表。
  Y Er La Ce Nd Eu
实施例1 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.08 - -
对比例1 - 0.06 0.08 0.08 - -
对比例2 0.06 - 0.08 0..08 - -
对比例3 0.02 0.04 - 0.16 - -
对比例4 0.02 0.04 0.16 - - -
对比例5 0.055 0.005 0.08 0.08 - -
对比例6 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.13    
对比例7 0.02 0.04 - 0.08 0.08 -
对比例8 0.02 - 0.08 0.08 - 0.04
按实施例1相同的测定方法进行测定，各对比例的铝合金线材的导电率、电阻率及抗拉强度的测试结果如下表。
  导电率(％IACS) 电阻率(nΩ·m) 抗拉强度(MPa)
实施例1 58.3 29.574 278
对比例1 58.05 29.701 265
对比例2 57.83 29.814 260
对比例3 58.01 29.721 270
对比例4 57.95 29.752 267
对比例5 57.90 29.778 263
对比例6 58.07 29.691 275
对比例7 57.52 29.975 268
对比例8 57.41 30.032 261
由上表可以看出，本申请实施例1中的铝合金线材的导电率较对比例1-8均更高，电阻率均更低，同时抗拉强度也均更高。
对比实施例1与对比例1-4可以看出，在稀土元素总含量相同的情况下，同时含有Y、Er、La以及Ce较未同时含有上述四种所得到的铝合金线材的导电率、抗拉强度更高，电阻率更低，说明本申请中所用的四种稀土元素之间具有一定的协同增效作用。
对比实施例1与对比例5-6可以看出，在稀土元素总含量相同的情况下，各元素的用量在本申请范围内较未在本申请范围内所得到的铝合金线材的导电率、抗拉强度更高，电阻率更低，说明本申请中各元素之间的配比更利于得到更高的线材综合性能。
对比实施例1与对比例7-8可以看出，在稀土元素总含量相同的情况下，采用其它的稀土元素代替本申请中的稀土元素所得到的铝合金线材的导电率、抗拉强度更低，电阻率更高。由此可以看出，本申请中的稀土元素的使用并非常规选择。
以上显示和描述了本公开的基本原理、主要特征和本公开的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本公开不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本公开的原理，在不脱离本公开精神和范围的前提下本公开还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和 改进都落入要求保护的本公开范围内。本公开要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。
工业实用性：
本公开通过将铝锭和含有特定含量的Mg、Si、Fe、Y、Er、La、Ce以及Ti的中间合金锭配合制备铝合金线材，可使制得的铝合金线材在保证导电率的同时，有效提高铝合金线材单线的抗拉强度。再结合本公开特定的制备方法，可进一步提高铝合金线材单线的抗拉强度以及其它性能。将该铝合金线材用于加工导线，可提高整体导线的拉重比，降低导线弧垂，大大减小杆塔的投资成本，为节能型架空导线提供了一个新的导线选型。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种铝合金线材，其特征在于，制备所述铝合金线材的原料包括铝锭和中间合金锭，所述中间合金锭用于提供占所述铝锭及所述中间合金锭总质量0.45-0.6％的Mg、0.45-0.55％的Si、0.16-0.22％的Fe、0.018-0.022％的Y、0.01-0.05％的Er、0.04-0.10％的La、0.05-0.15％的Ce以及0.005-0.015％的Ti；
    所述铝锭中铝的质量含量至少为99.7％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铝合金线材，其特征在于，所述中间合金锭用于提供占所述铝锭及所述中间合金锭总质量0.47-0.57％的Mg、0.46-0.52％的Si、0.17-0.2％的Fe、0.019-0.02％的Y、0.02-0.04％的Er、0.05-0.08％的La、0.07-0.13％的Ce以及0.005-0.007％的Ti。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的铝合金线材，其特征在于，按质量百分数计，所述中间合金锭用于提供占所述铝锭及所述中间合金锭总质量0.54％的Mg、0.5％的Si、0.2％的Fe、0.02％的Y、0.04％的Er、0.07％的La、0.09％的Ce以及0.006％的Ti。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的铝合金线材，其特征在于，当所述铝合金线材的线径＞2.5mm且≤3.0mm时，所述铝合金线材的抗拉强度最小值为305MPa；
    或，当所述铝合金线材的线径＞3mm且≤3.5mm时，所述铝合金线材的抗拉强度最小值为290MPa；
    或，当所述铝合金线材的线径＞3.5mm且≤4.0mm时，所述铝合金线材的抗拉强度最小值为280MPa；
    或，当所述铝合金线材的线径＞4mm且≤5.0mm时，所述铝合金线材的抗拉强度最小值为270MPa。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的铝合金线材，其特征在于，所述铝合金线材的导电率为57.5-58.5％IACS。
  6. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的铝合金线材，其特征在于，所述铝合金线材的电阻率≤30nΩ·m，可选地≤29.654nΩ·m，进一步可选地≤29.454nΩ·m。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的铝合金线材的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：熔炼所述原料；
    可选地，熔炼过程中，先添加所述铝锭再添加所述中间合金锭。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，对熔炼所得的铝合金液进行净化；
    可选地，净化包括第一次净化，第一次净化采用吸附净化方式或非吸附净化方式进行；
    可选地，吸附净化采用精炼剂进行；
    可选地，所述精炼剂包括喷粉精炼剂和除气精炼剂中的至少一种；
    可选地，非吸附净化采用真空处理或超声波处理的方式进行；
    可选地，第一次净化于保温炉内进行。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，净化还包括第二次净化，第二次净化为在线除气；
    可选地，在线除气在精炼炉中进行；进一步可选地，在线除气装置的反应室内设有除气旋转喷嘴；进一步可选地，所述除气旋转喷嘴的材料包括石墨；
    可选地，在线除气后，所述铝合金液中的氢气含量≤0.15mL/100gAl。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于，第二次净化前，还包括静置第一次净化后的所述铝合金液；
    可选地，静置时间为20-40min。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的制备方法，其特征在于，静置前，还包括对第一次净化后的所述铝合金液进行采样并验证所述铝合金液中的化学成分含量。
  12. 根据权利要求9-11任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括将第二次净化后的所述铝合金液进行除渣；
    可选地，除渣采用多级过滤方式进行；
    可选地，多级过滤包括先采用过滤板进行过滤，再采用电磁净化装置进行过滤；
    可选地，过滤板过滤包括依次采用第一过滤板以及第二过滤板过滤，其中，所述第一过滤板的滤孔目数小于所述第二过滤板的滤孔目数；
    可选地，所述第一过滤板的滤孔目数为25-35目，所述第二过滤板的滤孔目数为35-45目；
    可选地，所述过滤板包括泡沫陶瓷过滤板、管式过滤板或床式过滤板。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的制备方法，其特征在于，将除渣后的所述铝合金液进行浇铸；
    可选地，浇铸过程中下浇包温度为690-710℃；
    可选地，浇铸为自动浇铸。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的制备方法，其特征在于，将浇铸后的所述铝合金铸坯进行轧制以获得铝合金杆；
    可选地，浇注后的铸坯先加热再轧制；
    可选地，轧制后的所述铝合金杆的温度控制在300-360℃。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的制备方法，其特征在于，对轧制后的所述铝合金杆进行在线淬火，淬火温度控制在60-100℃；
    可选地，将在线淬火后的所述铝合金杆进行热处理；
    可选地，热处理是在160-200℃的条件下进行12-24h。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的制备方法，其特征在于，将热处理后的所述铝合金杆进行拉拔处理；
    可选地，拉拔采用单、双头拉丝机进行；
    可选地，拉拔是将所述铝合金杆拉成1.5-5mm的单丝。
  17. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的铝合金线材在加工导线中的应用；
    可选地，所述导线包括架空输电线。
  18. 一种导线，其特征在于，所述导线含有如权利要求1-6任一项所述的铝合金线材。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的导线，其特征在于，所述导线由所述铝合金线材分层绞合而成。
PCT/CN2020/142535 2020-12-31 2020-12-31 一种铝合金线材及其制备方法与应用 WO2022141587A1 (zh)

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