WO2023226427A1 - 一种特耐热铝合金单丝 - Google Patents

一种特耐热铝合金单丝 Download PDF

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WO2023226427A1
WO2023226427A1 PCT/CN2022/142340 CN2022142340W WO2023226427A1 WO 2023226427 A1 WO2023226427 A1 WO 2023226427A1 CN 2022142340 W CN2022142340 W CN 2022142340W WO 2023226427 A1 WO2023226427 A1 WO 2023226427A1
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Prior art keywords
aluminum alloy
monofilament
melt
special heat
rod
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PCT/CN2022/142340
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English (en)
French (fr)
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白清领
周峰
缪姚军
单小龙
王鑫寓
徐海波
缪小林
徐春建
Original Assignee
江苏中天科技股份有限公司
上海中天铝线有限公司
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Publication of WO2023226427A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023226427A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
    • B21C37/047Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire of fine wires
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H01B1/023Alloys based on aluminium
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and in particular to a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament.
  • Patent number CN108220693B discloses a rare earth aluminum alloy whose heat resistance meets the national standard for special heat resistance.
  • the content of rare earth elements in the alloy is more than 10%, and the alloy cost is high, and it does not meet the conditions for large-scale production and application.
  • the present application provides a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament to at least improve the problems of high cost caused by poor heat resistance and high content of rare earth elements in aluminum alloy monofilaments in the prior art.
  • This application provides a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament, the monofilament has a strength retention rate greater than 90% when heated at 400°C for 1 hour;
  • the monofilament can be prepared by the following method:
  • the elemental components of the aluminum alloy rod may include Fe0.15-0.30%, Si ⁇ 0.08%, Ni0.1-0.3%, Nb0.01-0.2%, Zr0.2-0.35% in terms of mass fraction.
  • Re0.05-0.2%, the rest is Al and other unavoidable impurity elements; the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements can be ⁇ 0.03%.
  • the mold in the drawing process may use a tungsten steel mold, and the drawing speed in the drawing process may be 8 to 10 m/s.
  • the diameter of the aluminum alloy rod may be 9 to 10 mm.
  • the preparation of the aluminum alloy rod may include the following steps:
  • Alloy smelting Provide raw materials according to the elemental components of the aluminum alloy rod, melt and remove slag to obtain a melt;
  • the online refining time may be 10 to 15 minutes; and/or
  • the resting time can be 30 to 40 minutes; and/or
  • the resting temperature may be 720 to 730°C.
  • the continuous casting and rolling process may include: using a wheel crystallizer to continuously cast the refined melt at 700-720°C to obtain a cast slab;
  • the cast slab is rolled using a continuous rolling mill at 510°C to obtain an aluminum alloy rod.
  • the hydrogen content in the online refining melt may be ⁇ 0.12ml/100g.
  • the Re may be La and Ce
  • the mass ratio of La and Ce may be 1:1.
  • the tensile strength of the monofilament may be greater than or equal to 170 MPa, and the electrical conductivity may be greater than or equal to 58% IACS.
  • the content of each element in the unavoidable impurity elements may be ⁇ 0.005%.
  • the existing method of producing heat-resistant aluminum alloy wires generally involves rod aging treatment, and a few use the single-filament aging process. Among them, when the rod aging treatment is used, the heat-resistant phase can be relatively fully precipitated. After drawing, the strength of the single wire is higher, but the heat resistance and creep resistance are reduced; when the single wire aging process is used, due to the heat-resistant phase The precipitation temperature is high and the precipitation process is slow. The recrystallization process of the monofilament has already occurred before the heat-resistant phase has precipitated. The strength is greatly reduced and cannot meet the standard requirements.
  • the beneficial effects of this application are at least: (1)
  • the Fe and Ni elements added to the aluminum alloy single wire provided by this application can form the FeNiAl 9 phase during casting, which is broken and distributed at the grain boundaries through rolling, drawing, and improves the alloy's strength. High temperature strength; the added Nb and Zr elements can precipitate fine Al 3 Zr, Al 3 Nb and NbNi 3 phases during the aging process, which have the effect of pinning dislocations and greatly increasing the recrystallization temperature and heat resistance of the alloy; (2 ) uses a double aging process of rod aging + single wire aging.
  • the fine Al 3 Zr, Al 3 Nb and a small amount of NbNi 3 phase precipitated by rod aging can effectively pin the dislocations and sub-grain boundaries formed during the single wire drawing process.
  • the recrystallization temperature of the alloy is increased, which provides conditions for the subsequent aging of the single wire; on the one hand, the aging heat treatment of the drawn single wire can make the Nb, Ni, and Zr elements more fully precipitated and improve the conductive properties of the alloy; on the other hand, On the one hand, the single filament can climb through atomic diffusion to reduce the strain storage energy without recrystallization, so as to obtain better heat resistance.
  • the special heat-resistant aluminum alloy single wire prepared in this application has a strength of ⁇ 170MPa, a conductivity of ⁇ 58% IACS, and a strength retention rate of greater than 90% when heated at 400°C for 1 hour.
  • This application provides a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament, the monofilament's strength retention rate is greater than 90% when heated at 400°C for 1 hour;
  • the monofilament is prepared by the following method:
  • the elemental components of the aluminum alloy rod include Fe (iron) 0.15-0.30%, Si (silicon) ⁇ 0.08%, Ni (nickel) 0.1-0.3%, and Nb (niobium) 0.01-0.2% in terms of mass fraction. , Zr (zirconium) 0.2-0.35%, Re 0.05-0.2%, the rest is Al (aluminum) and other inevitable impurity elements; the total amount of the inevitable impurity elements is ⁇ 0.03%.
  • Re is lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce), and is added in the form of an aluminum rare earth master alloy.
  • the mass ratio of La and Ce is 1:1.
  • the mold in the drawing process uses a tungsten steel mold, and the drawing speed in the drawing process is 8-10 m/s.
  • the diameter of the aluminum alloy rod is 9-10 mm.
  • the preparation of the aluminum alloy rod includes the following steps:
  • Alloy smelting Provide raw materials according to the elemental components of the aluminum alloy rod, melt and remove slag to obtain a melt;
  • the refining time is 10 to 15 minutes; and/or the standing time is 30 to 40 minutes; and/or the standing temperature is 720 to 730°C.
  • the continuous casting and rolling process includes: using a wheel crystallizer at 700-720°C to continuously cast the online refined melt to obtain a cast slab; and using a continuous rolling unit at 490-510°C.
  • the cast billet is rolled to obtain an aluminum alloy rod.
  • the hydrogen content in the online refining melt is ⁇ 0.12ml/100g.
  • the tensile strength of the monofilament is greater than or equal to 170 MPa, and the electrical conductivity is greater than or equal to 58% IACS.
  • unavoidable impurity elements should be understood as elements that cannot be completely avoided or removed in the raw materials and production process, such as V, Cu, Cr, Mn, etc.
  • the drawing speed of the drawing process is 8-10 m/s.
  • the diameter of the cast rod is 9-10 mm.
  • the cast rod is obtained by casting and rolling the melt using a continuous casting and rolling process
  • the continuous casting and rolling process includes:
  • the melt is continuously cast using a wheel crystallizer at 700-720°C to obtain a cast slab;
  • the cast slab is rolled using a continuous rolling mill at 490 to 510° C. and cooled to obtain the rod.
  • a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament provided in this application is prepared by the following method:
  • the temperature of the aluminum melt is adjusted to 730-740°C in the holding furnace, and a mobile rotary blowing device is used to process the aluminum melt in the holding furnace using high-purity nitrogen and granular refining agent as degassing media.
  • the processing time is 10 to 15 minutes. Then fine-tune the temperature of the aluminum melt to 720-730°C and let it stand for 30-40 minutes.
  • the aluminum melt refined in the furnace needs to be refined online to further improve its purity.
  • Online refining includes online degassing and filtration and impurity removal.
  • the refined aluminum melt in the furnace is degassed through online degassing equipment.
  • the online degassing equipment adopts a rotating injection degassing box and uses high-purity nitrogen as the degassing medium.
  • the degassing box The nozzle rotation speed is 400 ⁇ 500r/min, and the hydrogen content in the treated melt is ⁇ 0.12ml/100g.
  • Online filtration uses 30/50PPI double-stage foam ceramic filter plates to filter the degassed aluminum melt to further remove impurities in the aluminum melt and improve the purity of the aluminum melt.
  • a wheel mold is used for continuous casting of the slab.
  • the aluminum melt can continue to form a slab during the operation of the wheel mold, and is sent to the continuous rolling unit through the introduction device.
  • the rolling temperature is controlled at 490 ⁇ 510°C, after rolling, aluminum alloy rods with a diameter of 9 ⁇ 10mm are obtained.
  • the aluminum alloy rods are cooled through an online water cooling device, and the cooled aluminum alloy rods are rolled up using an automatic take-up device.
  • Rod aging perform aging treatment on alloy rods.
  • the heating temperature for aging treatment of alloy rods is 380 to 450°C, and the holding time is 20 to 70 hours.
  • the solid solution Nb, Ni, and Zr elements in the alloy rod are precipitated from the matrix to form fine dispersed Al3Zr, Al3Nb, and NbNi3 phases, effectively pinning dislocations and subgrains. boundary, significantly increasing the recrystallization temperature of the alloy.
  • the aged alloy rods are continuously drawn on a sliding wire drawing machine to form aluminum alloy single wires with a diameter of 2.0 to 4.5 mm.
  • the drawing die adopts tungsten steel die, and the drawing speed is 8 ⁇ 10m/s.
  • Single wire aging perform secondary aging treatment on the drawn aluminum alloy single wire.
  • the heating temperature for aging treatment of alloy single wire is 350 ⁇ 400°C, and the holding time is 30 ⁇ 50h.
  • single wire aging can fully separate Nb, Ni, and Zr elements and improve the conductive properties of the alloy; on the other hand, it can reduce the strain storage energy of the single wire through atomic diffusion without recrystallization, and obtain better heat resistance.
  • the cross-sectional area of the cast slab is 2400 mm 2 .
  • the continuous casting process parameters are: casting speed 8-12 m/min, cooling water temperature 15-40°C, and cooling water pressure 0.35 ⁇ 0.5MPa.
  • the melt is degassed and filtered online.
  • the online degassing uses a graphite rotor degassing box, and the online filtration uses a 30/50PPI two-stage foam ceramic filter device.
  • the cast billet is sent to the continuous rolling unit through the introduction device. After rolling, an aluminum alloy rod with a diameter of 9.5mm is obtained. After online cooling, the aluminum alloy rod is automatically closed.
  • the aged alloy rod is drawn on a sliding wire drawing machine.
  • the diameter of the alloy single wire after drawing is 3.5mm.
  • the comparative examples are mainly different in the alloy composition, the aging treatment process of the rod and the monofilament, and the diameter of the monofilament, as shown in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in Tables 1 and 2 respectively.
  • the electrical conductivity, strength and strength remaining rate of the monofilaments obtained in the comparative examples are as shown in Table 3 for comparative examples 1 to 3.
  • This application provides a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament; the monofilament strength is greater than 170MPa, the electrical conductivity is greater than 58% IACS, and the strength retention rate of the monofilament when heated at 400°C for 1 hour is greater than 90%; the monofilament is prepared by the following method: Provide aluminum alloy rods; perform the first aging heat treatment on the aluminum alloy rods; draw the rods into monofilaments; perform the second aging heat treatment on the alloy monofilaments; wherein the elemental components of the aluminum alloy rods include Fe 0.15 in terms of mass fraction -0.30%, Si ⁇ 0.08%, Ni 0.1-0.3%, Nb 0.01-0.2%, Zr 0.2-0.35%, Re 0.05-0.2%, the rest is Al and other unavoidable impurity elements; unavoidable impurity elements Total amount ⁇ 0.03%.
  • the ultra-heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilaments of the present application are reproducible and can be used in a variety of industrial applications.
  • the special heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament of the present application can be used in the technical field of aluminum alloy materials.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请提供了一种特耐热铝合金单丝,涉及铝合金材料的技术领域;单丝强度大于170MPa、导电率大于58%IACS、在400℃加热1小时单丝的强度残存率大于90%;单丝通过以下方法制备:提供铝合金杆;对铝合金杆进行第一时效热处理;将杆材拉拔成单丝;对合金单丝进行第二时效热处理;其中,铝合金杆的元素组分以质量分数计包括Fe0.15-0.30%,Si≤0.08%,Ni 0.1-0.3%,Nb 0.01-0.2%,Zr 0.2-0.35%,Re 0.05-0.2%,其余为Al和不可避免的其它杂质元素;不可避免的杂质元素的总量≤0.03%。

Description

一种特耐热铝合金单丝
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年05月27日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202210584471.6、名称为“一种特耐热铝合金单丝”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及铝合金材料的技术领域,尤其是涉及一种特耐热铝合金单丝。
背景技术
架空输电线路是国民经济和社会发展的关键设施,随着用电需求的持续增长,需要对现有原有输电线路进行增容改造,以大幅提高导线传输载流量。载流量的提高必然导致导线运行温度上升,使导线面临拉断力降低、蠕变等问题,因此必须提高合金材料的耐热性能。目前我国运行温度在150℃的耐热铝合金和运行温度210℃的超耐热铝合金已相对比较成熟,但是在运行温度230℃及以上的特耐热铝合金导线方面还是空白。因此,开发特耐热铝合金导线,对于提高架空输电线路的电能输送效率、实现电网的节能减排助力双碳目标的达成具有重要意义。
目前国内没有成熟的可批量生产的特耐热铝合金导线,主要技术难题是合金的耐热性无法满足相关标准。专利号CN108220693B公开了一种稀土铝合金,其耐热性满足特耐热的国家标准,但是合金中稀土元素含量在10%以上,合金成本较高,不具备规模化生产和应用的条件。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种特耐热铝合金单丝,以至少改善现有技术中铝合金单丝耐热性能较差、稀土元素含量高导致的成本高的问题。
本申请所提供的一种特耐热铝合金单丝,所述单丝在400℃加热1小时单丝的强度残存率大于90%;
所述单丝可以通过以下方法制备:
提供铝合金杆;
在380~450℃下对所述铝合金杆进行第一时效热处理20~70h,得到时效热处理后的所述铝合金;
对所述时效热处理后的所述铝合金进行拉拔处理,得到合金单丝;
在350~400℃下对所述合金单丝进行第二时效热处理30~50h,得到所述单丝;
其中,所述铝合金杆的元素组分以质量分数计可以包括Fe0.15-0.30%,Si≤0.08%,Ni0.1-0.3%,Nb0.01-0.2%,Zr0.2-0.35%,Re0.05-0.2%,其余为Al和不可避免的其他杂质 元素;所述不可避免的杂质元素的总量可以≤0.03%。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述拉拔处理中的模具可以采用钨钢模,所述拉拔处理中的拉拔速度可以为8~10m/s。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述铝合金杆的直径可以为9~10mm。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述铝合金杆的制备可以包括以下步骤:
S11、合金熔炼:根据所述铝合金杆的元素组分提供原料,熔融、扒渣,得到熔体;
S12、炉内精炼:保温炉内在730~740℃下精炼所述熔体,静置;
S13、在线精炼:浇铸开始后对铝熔体进行在线除气、过滤;
S14、连铸连轧:利用连铸连轧工艺铸造、轧制所述在线精炼熔体,得到所述铝合金杆。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述S12中,所述在线精炼时间可以为10~15min;和/或
所述静置时间可以为30~40min;和/或
所述静置温度可以为720~730℃。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述连铸连轧工艺可以包括:在700~720℃下利用轮式结晶器对所述精炼熔体进行连续铸造得到铸坯;在490~510℃下利用连轧机组对所述铸坯进行轧制得到铝合金杆。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述在线精炼熔体中氢含量可以≤0.12ml/100g。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述Re可以为La和Ce;
所述La和Ce的质量比可以为1:1。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述单丝的抗拉强度可以大于或等于170MPa、导电率可以大于或等于58%IACS。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,所述不可避免的杂质元素中每种元素的含量均可以≤0.005%。
现有生产耐热铝合金导线的方法一般是进行杆材时效处理,少数采用单丝时效的工艺。其中采用杆材时效处理时,耐热相可以比较充分的析出,在拉拔后单丝的强度较高,但是耐热性能和抗蠕变性能降低;采用单丝时效工艺时,由于耐热相析出温度高、析出过程缓慢,单丝在耐热相还未析出时就已发生再结晶过程,强度大幅降低,无法满足标准要求。
本申请的有益效果至少为:(1)本申请提供的铝合金单丝中添加的Fe、Ni元素可以在铸造时形成FeNiAl 9相,通过轧制拉拔破碎分布在晶界处,提高合金的高温强度;添加的Nb、Zr元素可以在时效过程中析出细小的Al 3Zr、Al 3Nb和NbNi 3相,具有钉扎位错、大幅提高合金再结晶温度和耐热性的作用;(2)采用杆材时效+单丝时效的双时效工艺,杆材时效析出的细小Al 3Zr、Al 3Nb和少量NbNi 3相可以有效钉扎单丝拉拔过程中形成位错和亚 晶界,提高了合金的再结晶温度,为后续单丝时效提供了条件;而对拉拔后的单丝进行时效热处理一方面可以使Nb、Ni、Zr元素更充分析出,提高合金的导电性能;另一方面在不发生再结晶的条件下使单丝经原子扩散攀移降低应变储存能,从而可以获得更好的耐热性。本申请制备的特耐热铝合金单丝强度≥170MPa、导电率≥58%IACS,400℃加热1小时强度残存率大于90%。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
下面将结合实施例对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中,需要理解的是,“多种”的含义是两种或两种以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。
下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本申请的不同结构。为了简化本申请的公开,下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然,它们仅仅为示例,并且目的不在于限制本申请。此外,本申请可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母,这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的,其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。此外,本申请提供了的各种特定材料的例子,但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的应用和/或其他材料的使用。
本申请提供特耐热铝合金单丝,所述单丝在400℃加热1小时单丝的强度残存率大于90%;
所述单丝通过以下方法制备:
提供铝合金杆;
在380~450℃下对所述铝合金杆进行第一时效热处理20~70h,得到时效热处理后的所述铝合金;
对所述时效热处理后的所述铝合金进行拉拔处理,得到合金单丝;
在350~400℃下对所述合金单丝进行第二时效热处理30~50h,得到所述单丝;
其中,所述铝合金杆的元素组分以质量分数计包括Fe(铁)0.15-0.30%,Si(硅)≤0.08%,Ni(镍)0.1-0.3%,Nb(铌)0.01-0.2%,Zr(锆)0.2-0.35%,Re 0.05-0.2%,其余为Al(铝)和不可避免的其他杂质元素;所述不可避免的杂质元素的总量≤0.03%。
需要说明的是,所述Re为镧(La)、铈(Ce),以铝稀土中间合金的形式加入。
所述La和Ce的质量比为1:1。
在一些实施例中,所述拉拔处理中的模具采用钨钢模,所述拉拔处理中的拉拔速度为8~10m/s。
在一些实施例中,所述铝合金杆的直径为9~10mm。
在一些实施例中,所述铝合金杆的制备包括以下步骤:
S11)合金熔炼:根据所述铝合金杆的元素组分提供原料,熔融、扒渣,得到熔体;
S12)炉内精炼:保温炉内在730~740℃下精炼所述熔体,静置;
S13)在线精炼:浇铸开始后对熔体在线除气、过滤;
S14)连铸连轧:利用连铸连轧工艺铸造、轧制所述精炼熔体,得到所述铝合金杆。
在一些实施例中,所述S12中,所述精炼时间为10~15min;和/或所述静置时间为30~40min;和/或所述静置温度为720~730℃。
在一些实施例中,所述连铸连轧工艺包括:在700~720℃下利用轮式结晶器对所述在线精炼熔体进行连续铸造得到铸坯;在490~510℃下利用连轧机组对所述铸坯进行轧制得到铝合金杆。
在一些实施例中,所述在线精炼熔体中氢含量≤0.12ml/100g。
在一些实施例中,所述单丝的抗拉强度大于或等于170MPa、导电率大于或等于58%IACS。
需要说明的是,不可以避免的杂质元素应当理解为在原料和生产过程中无法完全避免或者除去的元素,如V、Cu、Cr、Mn等。
在一些实施例中,所述拉拔处理的拉拔速度为8~10m/s。
进一步的,所述铸杆的直径为9~10mm。
在一些实施例中,所述铸杆利用连铸连轧工艺对熔体进行铸轧处理得到;
其中,所述连铸连轧工艺包括:
在700~720℃下利用轮式结晶器对所述熔体进行连续铸造,得到铸坯;
在490~510℃下利用连轧机组对所述铸坯进行轧制处理,冷却,得到所述杆材。
在一些实施例中,本申请提供的一种特耐热铝合金单丝通过以下方法制备:
S1、制备铝合金杆
S11、熔体熔炼:将铝锭、铁剂、铝锆合金、铝镍合金、铝铌合金和铝稀土合金加入熔炼炉中进行加热熔化,对熔化后的铝液进行扒渣。接着取样进行光谱分析,调整合金元素质量百分含量。
S12、炉内精炼:将步骤一制得的铝熔体转注至保温炉中进行精炼。
具体地,在保温炉中将铝熔体温度调整至730~740℃,采用移动式旋转喷吹装置以高纯 氮气和颗粒精炼剂为除气介质对保温炉内的铝熔体进行处理,以减少铝熔体中的氢含量,处理时间为10~15分钟。随后将铝熔体的温度微调至720~730℃,静置处理30~40分钟。
S13、在线精炼:浇铸开始后对铝熔体进行在线除气过滤。
经过炉内精炼的铝熔体要经过在线精炼进一步提高纯净度,在线精炼包括在线除气和过滤除杂两个部分。在本申请的实施例中,炉内精炼后的铝熔体通过在线除气设备进行除气,在线除气设备采用旋转喷吹除气箱,以高纯氮气为除气介质,除气箱的喷嘴转速为400~500r/min,经过处理后的熔体中氢含量≤0.12ml/100g。在线过滤采用30/50PPI双级泡沫陶瓷过滤板对除气处理后的铝熔体进行过滤,进一步去除铝熔体内的杂质,提升铝熔体的纯净度。
S14、,连铸连轧:将精炼后的铝熔体浇入轮式结晶器中进行铸造,形成铸坯;将铸坯导入连轧机组进行轧制,形成铝合金杆材。
具体地,本实施例采用轮式结晶器进行铸坯的连续铸造,铝熔体在轮式结晶器的运转过程中可以持续形成铸坯,通过导入装置送入连轧机组,控制入轧温度在490~510℃,轧制后得到直径为9~10mm的铝合金杆材。通过在线水冷装置对铝合金杆材进行冷却,冷却后的铝合金杆材采用自动收线装置进行收卷。
S2、杆材时效:对合金杆材进行时效处理。
具体地,对合金杆材进行时效处理的加热温度为380~450℃,保温时间为20~70h。通过优化时效处理的加热温度和保温时间,使合金杆材中固溶的Nb、Ni、Zr元素从基体中析出形成细微的弥散分布的Al3Zr、Al3Nb和NbNi3相,有效钉扎位错和亚晶界,大幅提高合金再结晶温度。
S3、拉拔:对时效后的合金杆材进行拉拔,形成铝合金单丝。
具体地,时效后的合金杆材在滑动式拉丝机上进行连续拉拔,形成直径为2.0~4.5mm的铝合金单丝。拉拔模具采用钨钢模,拉拔速度为8~10m/s。
S4、单丝时效:对拉拔后的铝合金单丝进行二次时效处理。
具体地,对合金单丝时效处理的加热温度为350~400℃,保温时间为30~50h。单丝时效一方面可以使Nb、Ni、Zr元素更充分析出,提高合金的导电性能;另一方面在不发生再结晶的条件下使单丝经原子扩散攀移降低应变储存能,获得更好的耐热性。
在一些实施例中,铸坯截面积为2400mm 2,在进行连续铸造的过程中,其连续铸造的工艺参数为:铸造速度8~12m/min、冷却水温度15~40℃、冷却水压0.35~0.5MPa。
为使本申请上述实施细节和操作能清楚地被本领域技术人员所理解,以及本申请实施例所提供的一种特耐热铝合金单丝及其制备方法的进步性能显著体现,以下通过多个实施例来举例说明上述技术方案。
实施例
(1)向熔炼炉中加入铝锭、铁剂、铝锆合金、铝镍合金、铝铌合金和铝稀土中间合金,加热熔化后搅拌扒渣,获得如表1实施例1~3所示成分。
(2)将铝液转至倾动式保温炉,调整熔体温度进行炉内精炼和静置。
(3)浇铸开始后对熔体进行在线除气和过滤处理,在线除气采用石墨转子除气箱,在线过滤采用30/50PPI双级泡沫陶瓷过滤装置。
(4)采用轮式结晶器进行连续铸造。
(5)铸坯通过导入装置送入连轧机组,轧制后得到直径为9.5mm的铝合金杆材,在线冷却后对铝合金杆材进行自动收杆。
(6)对合金杆材进行第一次时效处理,时效工艺如表2中实施例1~3所示。
(7)在滑动式拉丝机上对时效后的合金杆材进行拉拔,拉拔后合金单丝直径为3.5mm。
(8)对拉拔后的单丝进行第二次时效处理,时效工艺如表2中实施例1~3所示。
通过以上成分和工艺制备的单丝导电率、强度及强度残存率如表3中实施例1~3所示。
对比例
对比例主要在合金成分组成、杆材与单丝的时效处理工艺、单丝直径方面有所区别,分别如表1和表2中对比例1~3所示。对比例所得单丝的导电率、强度及强度残存率如表3中对比例1~3所示。
表1
样品编号 Fe Si Ni Nb Zr Re
实施例1 0.2 0.05 0.25 0.15 0.32 0.11
实施例2 0.18 0.04 0.22 0.13 0.28 0.12
实施例3 0.25 0.05 0.27 0.1 0.3 0.08
对比例1 0.16 0.05 - - 0.31 0.04
对比例2 0.15 0.04 - - 0.35 0.05
对比例3 0.17 0.06 0.25 0.12 0.32 0.1
表2
Figure PCTCN2022142340-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022142340-appb-000002
表3
Figure PCTCN2022142340-appb-000003
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。
工业实用性
本申请提供了一种特耐热铝合金单丝;单丝强度大于170MPa、导电率大于58%IACS、在400℃加热1小时单丝的强度残存率大于90%;单丝通过以下方法制备:提供铝合金杆;对铝合金杆进行第一时效热处理;将杆材拉拔成单丝;对合金单丝进行第二时效热处理;其中,铝合金杆的元素组分以质量分数计包括Fe 0.15-0.30%,Si≤0.08%,Ni 0.1-0.3%,Nb 0.01-0.2%,Zr 0.2-0.35%,Re 0.05-0.2%,其余为Al和不可避免的其它杂质元素;不可避免的杂质元素的总量≤0.03%。
此外,可以理解的是,本申请的特耐热铝合金单丝是可以重现的,并且可以用在多种工业应用中。例如,本申请的特耐热铝合金单丝可以用于铝合金材料的技术领域。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种特耐热铝合金单丝,其特征在于,所述单丝在400℃加热1小时单丝的强度残存率大于90%;
    所述单丝通过以下方法制备:
    提供铝合金杆;
    在380~450℃下对所述铝合金杆进行第一时效热处理20~70h,得到时效热处理后的所述铝合金;
    对所述时效热处理后的所述铝合金进行拉拔处理,得到合金单丝;
    在350~400℃下对所述合金单丝进行第二时效热处理30~50h,得到所述单丝;
    其中,所述铝合金杆的元素组分以质量分数计包括Fe0.15-0.30%,Si≤0.08%,Ni0.1-0.3%,Nb0.01-0.2%,Zr 0.2-0.35%,Re0.05-0.2%,其余为Al和不可避免的其他杂质元素;所述不可避免的杂质元素的总量≤0.03%。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的特耐热铝合金单丝,其特征在于,所述拉拔处理中的模具采用钨钢模,所述拉拔处理中的拉拔速度为8~10m/s。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的特耐热铝合金单丝,其特征在于,所述铝合金杆的直径为9~10mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的特耐热铝合金单丝,其特征在于,所述铝合金杆的制备包括以下步骤:
    S11、合金熔炼:根据所述铝合金杆的元素组分提供原料,熔融、扒渣,得到熔体;
    S12、炉内精炼:保温炉内在730~740℃下精炼所述熔体,静置;
    S13、在线精炼:浇铸开始后对熔体进行在线除气、过滤;
    S14、连铸连轧:利用连铸连轧工艺铸造、轧制所述在线精炼后的铝熔体,得到所述铝合金杆。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的特耐热铝合金单丝,其特征在于,所述S12中,所述精炼的时间为10~15min;和/或
    所述静置的时间为30~40min;和/或
    所述静置的温度为720~730℃。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的特耐热铝合金单丝,其特征在于,所述连铸连轧工艺包括:在700~720℃下利用轮式结晶器对所述在线精炼熔体进行连续铸造得到铸坯;在490~510℃下利用连轧机组对所述铸坯进行轧制得到铝合金杆。
  7. 根据权利要求4至6中的任一项所述的特耐热铝合金单丝,其特征在于,所述在线精炼熔体中氢含量≤0.12ml/100g。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的特耐热铝合金单丝,其特征在于,所述Re为La和Ce;
    所述La和Ce的质量比为1:1。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的特耐热铝合金单丝,其特征在于,所述单丝的抗拉强度大于或等于170MPa、导电率大于或等于58%IACS。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的特耐热铝合金单丝,其特征在于:所述不可避免的杂质元素中每种元素的含量均≤0.005%。
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