WO2022136777A1 - Electric motor with simplified control and motor vehicle parking brake implementing such a motor - Google Patents

Electric motor with simplified control and motor vehicle parking brake implementing such a motor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022136777A1
WO2022136777A1 PCT/FR2021/052379 FR2021052379W WO2022136777A1 WO 2022136777 A1 WO2022136777 A1 WO 2022136777A1 FR 2021052379 W FR2021052379 W FR 2021052379W WO 2022136777 A1 WO2022136777 A1 WO 2022136777A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
tracks
coils
brushes
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2021/052379
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Arnaud Bazin
Jérôme BERTRAND
Thierry Pasquet
Original Assignee
Hitachi Astemo France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Astemo France filed Critical Hitachi Astemo France
Publication of WO2022136777A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022136777A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K25/00—DC interrupter motors or generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H02K13/006—Structural associations of commutators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/102—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric motor with simplified control and to a motor vehicle parking brake implementing such a motor.
  • electromechanical parking braking In the automotive industry, the function of electromechanical parking braking is to immobilize the vehicle when stationary in order to prevent it from moving unexpectedly. It also satisfies the legal provision requiring a second braking system independent of the service braking system, generally hydraulic, in the vehicle and fulfills other comfort and safety functions, in particular through its ability to self-diagnose.
  • the mechanical actuator provides parking and emergency braking by spreading the associated ends of the segments to ensure rapid and powerful locking of the vehicle wheels according to a so-called "duo-servo" operating mode, in particular when the wheel cylinder is inactive. .
  • This actuator is driven by an electric motor.
  • the space available at the level of the wheels is relatively small.
  • this space is very variable in size and shape depending on the vehicle model. It is then desirable to have a reduced size geared motor facilitating its integration on different vehicle models.
  • BLDC Batteryless Direct Current in Anglo-Saxon terminology
  • outrunner or revolving cage motors are brushless motors with an external rotor.
  • the stator carrying the coils is located inside the rotor, and the magnets are arranged on the rotor and therefore over a large diameter. This arrangement of magnets creates an arm of significant leverage.
  • These motors can then develop a high torque, which can make it possible not to have to resort to a reduction module or to a reduced reduction module.
  • a BDLC motor has an electronic commutator that sequentially energizes the stator coils, thereby generating a rotating electric field that “drives” the rotating rotor. To ensure efficient operation, care must be taken to ensure that the coils are energized at exactly the right time. For this Hall effect type sensors are used to know the position of the rotor.
  • an electric motor comprising a stator or a rotor carrying at least one pair of coils, the coils of each pair being diametrically opposed and a rotor or a stator respectively comprising at least one pair of magnetic poles, a connection to a direct current source, two circular electric conductor tracks carried by the rotor or the stator and comprising a first pair of brushes, each permanently electrically connected to a circular track, and arranged so as to come into contact simultaneously and sequentially with two diametrically opposed coils.
  • the rotation of the rotor ensures the supply switching of the coils.
  • the rotor forms a mechanical commutator, which by turning allows a sequential supply of the coils.
  • position sensors are not required to precisely know the position of the rotor, nor is there a complex electronic system for supplying the coils.
  • the coils are carried by the stator and the magnets are carried by the rotor, and very advantageously the rotor surrounds the stator.
  • the electrical connection is carried by the rotor, which is connected to the two circular tracks by a second pair of brushes.
  • the electrical connection is carried by a cover covering at least part of the rotor, and is connected to the two circular tracks by a second pair of brushes, which advantageously makes it possible to use standard electrical connectors in particular in automobile industry.
  • the output shaft is for example directly carried by the rotor.
  • a reduction device is arranged between the rotor and the output shaft of the motor, integrated in the stator, thus forming a geared motor.
  • an electric motor comprising a stator and a rotor, said rotor surrounding the stator, the rotor being configured to rotate around a longitudinal axis X, n pairs of coils, the coils of each pair being diametrically opposed, n being an integer > 0 and m pairs of magnetic poles, m being an integer >0, poles of opposite polarity being arranged in a diametrically opposite manner, the n pairs of coils being carried by the rotor or the stator and the m pairs of poles being carried by the stator or the rotor respectively, electrical connection means intended to supply the motor with direct current, characterized in that it comprises means for collecting rotary switches of the n pairs of coils distributed between the rotor and the stator, said rotary commutator collector means being connected simultaneously to the coils of a pair and sequentially to the m coils, the n pairs of coils are carried by the stato r and the n pairs of poles are carried by
  • the bottom of the rotor is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X and the rotor comprises a side wall and at least part of the rotary commutator collector means is arranged between the bottom of the rotor and the stator, the n pairs of poles being carried by the side wall of the rotor.
  • the first two brushes are arranged substantially on the same circle and the switching tracks include an arcuate portion with which the first brushes are sequentially in contact.
  • the electric motor may comprise two second brushes in permanent contact with the electric tracks and connecting the electric connection means intended to supply the motor with direct current and the electric tracks.
  • the second brushes are for example carried by contacts fixed to the stator, the electrical tracks and the first brushes being located inside the rotor.
  • the motor comprises a cover covering at least partly the rotor on which the second brushes are fixed, the electrical tracks being located outside the rotor, and the electrical connection means intended to supply the motor with direct current are carried by the hood.
  • the motor comprises an output shaft and the stator comprises a central passage, said output shaft being fixed to the rotor and passing through the stator through the central passage.
  • Another object of the present application is a geared motor comprising an electric motor according to the invention, the stator comprising a central passage and a reduction device mounted in the central passage of the stator.
  • Another object of the present application is a brake for a motor vehicle comprising friction elements intended to come into contact with a part fixed in rotation to a wheel in order to brake it, a mechanical actuator for moving the friction elements and a motor electric according to the invention or a geared motor according to the invention, connected to the mechanical actuator to actuate it.
  • the actuator is advantageously configured to be activated to provide for parking braking.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a stator and a perspective view of the interior of a rotor of an electric motor according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the electric motor of FIG. 1, the rotor being shown in transparency.
  • FIG. 3 is a detail view of the stator of figure 2.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the electric motor according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is the exploded view of FIG. 4 in which the cover and the rotor are shown in transparency.
  • FIG. 6B are schematic representations of both sides of a drum brake plate equipped with an electric parking brake implementing an electric motor according to Figures 4 and 5.
  • Rotor 4 surrounds stator 2.
  • the stator comprises a metal frame 10 comprising notches, on which coils 12 are placed.
  • the coils 12 are distributed in a circle around the axis X.
  • the coils 12 are distributed in pairs.
  • the stator includes at least one pair of coils. In the example shown, twelve coils 12 are implemented.
  • the coils of a pair are arranged diametrically opposite with respect to the X axis and are electrically connected.
  • the metal frame is for example made from a stack of metal sheets.
  • the frame 10 and the coils 12 are arranged on a plate 16 provided with a central crossing passage 15 of axis X.
  • the stator also comprises on the free face of the frame 10 switching tracks 14, each being electrically connected to a coil 12.
  • a switching track 14 comprises an arcuate portion 14.1 centered on the axis X, a radial portion 14.2 extending outward and connecting to a coil 12.
  • the arcuate portion 14.1 extends radially between a radius RI and a radius R2, R2 > RI and the arcuate portions 14.1 are arranged relative to each other to form a discontinuous ring of interior radius RI and outer radius R2.
  • the switching tracks are for example made of copper.
  • the switching tracks 14 are distributed around the X axis and are electrically isolated from each other.
  • the ends of the circular arc portions 14.1 of two adjacent connection tracks are separated by an insulation distance 18.
  • FIG 3 one can see an example of connection between the radial portion 14.2 of a switching track 14 and a coil.
  • the radial portion 14.2 has a free end 20 in the form of a hook, to which the wire 22 of a reel is attached.
  • the rotor 4 comprises a cup-shaped body provided with a bottom 6 orthogonal to the axis X, and with a side wall 8.
  • the rotor 4 also comprises permanent magnets 24 fixed on the inner face of the side wall 8 so as to be at least partly facing the radially outer ends of the coils 12.
  • the rotor 4 comprises at least one pair of magnets fixed diametrically opposite and so that the north pole of one magnet of a pair is oriented inwards and the south pole of the other magnet of the pair is oriented inward.
  • the magnets are replaced by a single crown comprising zones of opposite polarity distributed successively around the X axis.
  • the rotor 4 also comprises on the inner face of the bottom 6 two electric conductive tracks 26, 28 concentric and centered on the axis X.
  • the rotor also comprises two first sliding connectors or first brushes 30, 32, each electrically connected to a conductive track 26, 28 respectively and fixed to the inside face of the bottom.
  • the first brushes 30, 32 extend parallel to the axis X so that their free end is in contact with the stator 2, more particularly either in contact each with a switching track 14.
  • the dimension of each brush 30, 32 along the direction X is therefore substantially equal to the distance between the free face of the stator 2 and the inner face of the bottom 6.
  • the brushes commonly called brushes, are for example made of carbon or formed by a flexible metal blade,
  • the tracks 26, 28 are suspended from the bottom 6, allowing the brush 30 of the radially inner track 26 to be located outside the track 28, the connection portion between the track 26 and the brush 30 passing between the track 28 and the bottom 6.
  • the brushes are such that the free end of the brush 30 and the free end of the brush 32 are remote from the axis X, so as to be at least partly between a circle of radius RI and a circle of radius R2.
  • the brushes 30, 32 are located on a circle having approximately the same average radius as the arcuate portions 14.1 of the switching tracks.
  • “Average radius of a track” means the average value between the inner radius and the outer radius of a switching track, i.e. (RI+R2)/2.
  • suspension mounting also makes it possible to offer a certain freedom of mounting in the X direction, making it possible to overcome manufacturing tolerances.
  • the brushes offer a certain elasticity in the X direction making it possible to ensure good contact between the brushes and the switching tracks.
  • the first brushes 30, 32 are for example carried by arms which offer this elasticity in the direction X.
  • the electric motor M1 also comprises two contacts 34, 36 intended to be connected to a source of direct current and ensuring the electric supply of the coils.
  • the contacts 34, 36 are carried by the stator 2 and pass through the metal frame 10.
  • the contacts 34 and 36 each have a first end (not visible) on the side of the plate intended for connection to the direct current source, and a second end 34.1, 36.1 projecting from the free face of the stator.
  • Contacts 34, 36 are electrically isolated from frame 10.
  • the second end 34.1 of the contact 34 and the second end of the contact 36.1 form second brushes configured to come into permanent contact with the tracks 26, 28 respectively.
  • contact 34 is located on a circle having approximately the same average radius as track 26 and contact 36 is located on a circle having the same average radius as track 28. track”, the average value between the inner radius and the outer radius of a track.
  • the output shaft 38 of the motor M1 is directly attached to the inner face of the bottom 6 and passes through the through passage 15 of the plate 16 of the stator and emerges on the side opposite the bottom of the rotor.
  • the output shaft 38 is attached to the rotor 4.
  • the output shaft is made in one piece with the rotor.
  • a reduction device for example of the planetary gear type, is integrated in the through passage 15 of the stator, the input sun gear being fixed in the bottom of the rotor.
  • the motor can advantageously comprise a casing cover (not shown) covering the rotor and being fixed for example on the plate 16 of the stator 2.
  • a casing cover (not shown) covering the rotor and being fixed for example on the plate 16 of the stator 2.
  • the brushes 30, 32 are each in contact with a switching track 14, more particularly with the circular arc portions 14.1.
  • the two switching tracks 14 are diametrically opposed.
  • the track 26, brush 30 and commutation track 14 assembly and the track 28, brush 32 and commutation track 14 assembly form rotary commutator collectors, creating an electrical connection between the stator and the rotor, with a switching function during the rotation.
  • the motor M1 of FIGS. 1 and 2 The operation of the motor M1 of FIGS. 1 and 2 will now be described.
  • the motor is supplied with direct current via the contacts 34, 36 which supply the tracks 26, 28 respectively which themselves supply the switching tracks 14 (the hatched tracks in FIG. 2), supplying two diametrically opposed coils 12 via the first brushes 30, 32.
  • the coils 12 generate a magnetic field, on which tends to align the magnetic moment of the magnets 24, which causes a displacement of the rotor 4.
  • the rotation of the rotor 4 causes a rotation of the brushes 30, 32 which will come into contact with the neighboring diametrically opposed switching tracks 14, then supplying the neighboring diametrically opposed coils 12, which modifies the orientation of the magnetic field, on which the magnetic moment will again try to align itself.
  • the rotation of the rotor generates a rotating magnetic field which attracts the rotor.
  • the motor does not require an electronic current control system ensuring the current commutation in the stator windings.
  • the M2 motor differs from the M1 motor in that the supply of the coils is not done through the stator but through a cover.
  • the motor of FIGS. 4 and 5 comprises a stator 102, a rotor 104 mounted around the stator 102 and a casing forming a cowl 139 mounted on the rotor at least opposite the outer face of the bottom of the rotor.
  • Stator 102 is substantially identical to stator 2 of motor M1.
  • the rotor 104 has the shape of a cup comprising a bottom 106 and a side wall 108. It also comprises concentric circular tracks 126, 128 centered on the axis X. The tracks 126, 128 are located on the outer face of the bottom 106 of the rotor opposite the cover 139.
  • First brushes 130, 132 are arranged in the rotor 104 and connected to the tracks 126, 128 through the bottom 106 of the rotor 104. As for the brushes 30 and 32, the first brushes 130, 132 are advantageously supported so as to have a certain elasticity along the axis X. In this example, the first brushes 130, 132 are located inside the track 126.
  • the cover 139 comprises electrical conductors 134, 136 intended to supply each of the tracks 126, 128.
  • the electrical conductors 134, 136 each have a first end 134.1
  • 134.1. 136.1 is configured in the form of a connector 144 whose shape is that of the connectors usually used in the automotive field, facilitating the connection of the motor to the power supply.
  • the M2 motor is therefore easily integrated into an existing structure.
  • the output shaft is attached directly to the bottom of the rotor and passes through the stator.
  • a reduction device for example of the planetary gear type, is integrated in the through passage of the stator, the input sun gear being fixed in the bottom of the rotor.
  • the second brushes 140, 142 are in permanent contact with the tracks 126, 128 respectively, and the first brushes 130, 132 are in contact with two diametrically opposed switching tracks 114, more particularly with the circular arc portions 114.1. Due to the elasticity of the first brushes 130, 132, the dimensional constraints in the X direction are relaxed.
  • the track 126, first brush 130 and commutation track 114 assembly and the track 128, first brush 132 and commutation track 114 assembly form rotary commutator collectors, creating an electrical connection between the stator 102 and the rotor 104, with a switching function during rotation.
  • the motor is supplied with direct current via the electrical conductors 134, 136 connected to a source of direct current, which supply the tracks 126, 128 via the second brushes 140, 142 respectively.
  • Tracks 126, 128 feed the tracks of switching 114 via the first brushes 130, 132, supplying two diametrically opposed coils 112.
  • the coils 112 generate a magnetic field, on which tends to align the magnetic moment of the magnets 124, which causes a displacement of the rotor 104.
  • the rotation of the rotor 104 causes a rotation of the brushes 130, 132 which will come into contact with the neighboring diametrically opposed switching tracks 114, feeds the neighboring diametrically opposed coils 112, which modifies the orientation of the magnetic field, and on which the magnetic moment will again try to align itself.
  • Rotation of rotor 104 generates a rotating magnetic field which attracts the rotor.
  • the coils are advantageously carried by the stator and the magnets are carried by the rotor, which simplifies the electrical supply of the coils. Nevertheless, an electric motor in which the coils are carried by the rotor and the magnets are carried by the stator does not depart from the scope of the present invention.
  • the first two brushes are at the same radial distance from the axis X
  • the switching tracks comprise a single arcuate portion.
  • the first two brushes are at different radial distances from the X axis
  • the switching tracks comprise two arcuate portions, one having a radius corresponding to the radial distance of one of the first brushes and the other having a radius corresponding to the radial distance from the other of the first brushes.
  • Other switching track shapes can be envisaged, for example a shape of an angular portion.
  • a drum brake can be seen schematically equipped with a motor M2 according to the invention ensuring actuation of the electric parking brake.
  • the drum brake comprises a plate 202 of revolution of axis AX equipped with a first and a second segment in an arc of a circle 203 and 204 that are radially movable so as to be able to be pressed against the cylindrical internal face of a drum, not shown.
  • the segments 203 and 204 each comprise a web 203a, 204a of flat sheet metal in the shape of a portion of a circular crown which carries a brake lining 203b, 204b, and are mounted diametrically opposite with their ends resting both on a cylinder of hydraulic wheel 206 and on a mechanical actuator 207 carried by the plate 202.
  • These segments 203 and 204 are also biased towards each other by two return springs 208 and 209, and pressed against the plate 202 each by a spring .
  • a wear take-up link 212 extends along the wheel cylinder 206 having a first end resting on the web 203a of the first segment 203 and a second end resting on the web 204a of the second segment 204.
  • the wheel cylinder 206 is intended to be actuated when using the drum brake according to a first so-called "simplex" mode of operation, which provides progressive braking particularly suitable for braking the vehicle in service. It comprises a hydraulic chamber closed at its ends by two pistons which move apart when the hydraulic pressure increases and pushes the associated ends of the segments 203 and 204.
  • the mechanical actuator 207 provides the parking and emergency braking by moving the associated ends of the segments apart to ensure rapid and powerful locking of the wheels of the vehicle according to a so-called "duo-servo" operating mode, in particular when the cylinder wheel 206 is inactive.
  • This actuator is driven by the electric motor M2.
  • the mechanical actuator 207 is for example of the screw-nut type, the nut being driven by the electric motor M2.
  • the motor M2 is mounted on a face 202.2 of the plate 202 opposite to the face 202.1 carrying the actuator 207 and the mechanical connection is made through the plate.
  • the nut comprises a toothed crown meshing with one or more toothed wheels driven by the electric motor M2, either directly by the output shaft 138, or via a reduction device.
  • the relatively flat and thin shape of the electric motor is particularly advantageous for integration into a brake.
  • it is capable of developing sufficient torque making it suitable for actuating an electric parking brake, for example between 0.2 Nm and 1 Nm.
  • the electric motor can be implemented in a brake in order to ensure both the service brake function and the parking brake function.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Electric motor comprising a stator (2) and a rotor (4), the rotor (4) surrounding the stator (2), the rotor (4) being configured to rotate about a longitudinal axis X, wherein pairs of coils (12) are supported by the rotor (4) and the m pairs of poles are supported by the stator (2), electrical connection means intended to supply the motor with continuous current and rotating means for collecting and switching n pairs of coils (12) distributed between the rotor and the stator. The means comprise two concentric circular electrically conductive tracks (26, 28) which have an axis X and are supported by the base of the rotor (4), two first brushes (30, 32) electrically and mechanically connected to the two electrical tracks (26, 28) and switching tracks (14) which are supported by the stator (2) and electrically isolated from each other, each switching track (14) being electrically connected to a coil (12), the first brushes (30, 32) being arranged in a diametrically opposed manner so as to engage simultaneously with two diametrically opposed switching tracks (14) and sequentially with the switching tracks.

Description

MOTEUR ÉLECTRIQUE A COMMANDE SIMPLIFIÉE ET FREIN DE PARKING DE VÉHICULE AUTOMOBILE METTANT EN ŒUVRE UN TEL MOTEUR ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH SIMPLIFIED CONTROL AND MOTOR VEHICLE PARKING BRAKE IMPLEMENTING SUCH A MOTOR
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE ET ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEURE TECHNICAL FIELD AND PRIOR ART
La présente invention se rapporte à un moteur électrique à commande simplifiée et à un frein de parking de véhicule automobile mettant en œuvre un tel moteur. The present invention relates to an electric motor with simplified control and to a motor vehicle parking brake implementing such a motor.
Dans l'industrie automobile, le freinage de stationnement électromécanique a pour fonction d'immobiliser le véhicule à l'arrêt afin de l'empêcher de bouger de façon inopinée. Il satisfait en outre à la disposition légale exigeant un deuxième système de freinage indépendant du système de freinage de service, généralement hydraulique, dans le véhicule et remplit d'autres fonctions de confort et de sécurité, notamment de par son aptitude à l'autodiagnostic. In the automotive industry, the function of electromechanical parking braking is to immobilize the vehicle when stationary in order to prevent it from moving unexpectedly. It also satisfies the legal provision requiring a second braking system independent of the service braking system, generally hydraulic, in the vehicle and fulfills other comfort and safety functions, in particular through its ability to self-diagnose.
Il est connu du document FR3016015 d'implanter au sein d'un frein à tambour, un actionneur mécanique en plus de l'actionneur hydraulique ou cylindre de roue prévu initialement. It is known from document FR3016015 to install within a drum brake, a mechanical actuator in addition to the hydraulic actuator or wheel cylinder initially provided.
L'actionneur mécanique assure le freinage de stationnement et de secours en écartant les extrémités associées des segments pour assurer un blocage rapide et puissant des roues du véhicules selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "duo-servo", notamment quand le cylindre de roue est inactif. Cet actionneur est entraîné par un moteur électrique. The mechanical actuator provides parking and emergency braking by spreading the associated ends of the segments to ensure rapid and powerful locking of the vehicle wheels according to a so-called "duo-servo" operating mode, in particular when the wheel cylinder is inactive. . This actuator is driven by an electric motor.
La mise en œuvre d'un moteur, éventuellement associé à un module de réduction, impose de disposer d'un espace important. The implementation of a motor, possibly associated with a reduction module, requires the availability of a large amount of space.
Or l'espace disponible au niveau des roues est relativement réduit. En outre cet espace est très variable en taille et en forme suivant le modèle de véhicule. Il est alors souhaitable de disposer d'un motoréducteur d'encombrement réduit facilitant son intégration sur différents modèles de véhicule. However, the space available at the level of the wheels is relatively small. In addition, this space is very variable in size and shape depending on the vehicle model. It is then desirable to have a reduced size geared motor facilitating its integration on different vehicle models.
Les moteurs de type BLDC (Brushless Direct Current en terminologie anglo-saxonne) outrunner ou à cage tournante sont des moteurs sans balai à rotor extérieur. Le stator portant les bobines est situé à l'intérieur du rotor, et les aimants sont disposés sur le rotor et donc sur un diamètre important. Cette disposition des aimants crée un bras de levier important. Ces moteurs peuvent alors développer un couple important, ce qui peut permettre de ne pas avoir à recourir à un module de réduction ou à un module de réduction réduit. BLDC (Brushless Direct Current in Anglo-Saxon terminology) outrunner or revolving cage motors are brushless motors with an external rotor. The stator carrying the coils is located inside the rotor, and the magnets are arranged on the rotor and therefore over a large diameter. This arrangement of magnets creates an arm of significant leverage. These motors can then develop a high torque, which can make it possible not to have to resort to a reduction module or to a reduced reduction module.
Un moteur BDLC comporte un commutateur électronique alimentant séquentiellement les bobines du stator, générant ainsi un champ électrique tournant qui « entraîne » le rotor en rotation. Pour garantir un fonctionnement efficace, il faut veiller à ce que les bobines soient alimentées exactement au bon moment. Pour cela des capteurs de type à effet Hall sont utilisés pour connaître la position du rotor. A BDLC motor has an electronic commutator that sequentially energizes the stator coils, thereby generating a rotating electric field that “drives” the rotating rotor. To ensure efficient operation, care must be taken to ensure that the coils are energized at exactly the right time. For this Hall effect type sensors are used to know the position of the rotor.
On souhaite simplifier la commande des moteurs électriques, notamment à des fins de fiabilité. It is desired to simplify the control of electric motors, in particular for reliability purposes.
EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTION DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
C'est par conséquent un but de la présente invention d'offrir un moteur électrique à commande simplifiée et offrant un encombrement réduit. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an electric motor with simplified control and offering reduced bulk.
Le but énoncé ci-dessus est atteint par un moteur électrique comportant un stator ou un rotor portant au moins une paire de bobines, les bobines de chaque paire étant diamétralement opposées et un rotor ou un stator respectivement comportant au moins une paire de pôles magnétiques, un connexion à une source de courant continu, deux pistes conductrices électriques circulaires portées par le rotor ou le stator et comportant une première paire de balais, chacun connecté électriquement en permanence à une piste circulaire, et agencés de sorte venir en contact simultanément et séquentiellement avec deux bobines diamétralement opposées. The object stated above is achieved by an electric motor comprising a stator or a rotor carrying at least one pair of coils, the coils of each pair being diametrically opposed and a rotor or a stator respectively comprising at least one pair of magnetic poles, a connection to a direct current source, two circular electric conductor tracks carried by the rotor or the stator and comprising a first pair of brushes, each permanently electrically connected to a circular track, and arranged so as to come into contact simultaneously and sequentially with two diametrically opposed coils.
En d'autres termes, la rotation du rotor assure la commutation d'alimentation des bobines. Le rotor forme un commutateur mécanique, qui en tournant permet une alimentation séquentielle des bobines. Ainsi il n'est pas requis de capteurs de position pour connaître précisément la position du rotor, ni de système électronique complexe d'alimentation des bobines. In other words, the rotation of the rotor ensures the supply switching of the coils. The rotor forms a mechanical commutator, which by turning allows a sequential supply of the coils. Thus, position sensors are not required to precisely know the position of the rotor, nor is there a complex electronic system for supplying the coils.
Dans un mode de réalisation préférée, les bobines sont portées par le stator et les aimants sont portés par le rotor, et très avantageusement le rotor entoure le stator. Dans un exemple de réalisation, la connexion électrique est portée par le rotor, qui est connectée aux deux pistes circulaires par une deuxième paire de balais. In a preferred embodiment, the coils are carried by the stator and the magnets are carried by the rotor, and very advantageously the rotor surrounds the stator. In an exemplary embodiment, the electrical connection is carried by the rotor, which is connected to the two circular tracks by a second pair of brushes.
Dans un autre exemple de réalisation, la connexion électrique est portée par un capot recouvrant au moins en partie le rotor, et est connectée aux deux pistes circulaires par une deuxième paire de balais, ce qui permet avantageusement d'utiliser des connecteurs électriques standards notamment dans l'industrie automobile. In another exemplary embodiment, the electrical connection is carried by a cover covering at least part of the rotor, and is connected to the two circular tracks by a second pair of brushes, which advantageously makes it possible to use standard electrical connectors in particular in automobile industry.
Par exemple, l'arbre de sortie est par exemple directement porté par le rotor. For example, the output shaft is for example directly carried by the rotor.
En variante un dispositif de réduction est disposé entre le rotor et l'arbre de sortie du moteur, intégré dans le stator, formant ainsi un motoréducteur. As a variant, a reduction device is arranged between the rotor and the output shaft of the motor, integrated in the stator, thus forming a geared motor.
L'un des objets de la présente demande est un moteur électrique comportant un stator et un rotor, ledit rotor entourant le stator, le rotor étant configuré pour tourner autour d'un axe longitudinal X, n paires de bobines, les bobines de chaque paire étant diamétralement opposées, n étant un entier > 0 et m paires de pôles magnétiques, m étant un entier >0, des pôles de polarités opposées étant disposés de manière diamétralement opposée, les n paires de bobines étant portées par le rotor ou le stator et les m paires de pôles étant portées par les stator ou le rotor respectivement, des moyens de connexion électrique destinés à alimenter le moteur en courant continu, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens collecteurs commutateurs rotatifs des n paires de bobines répartis entre le rotor et le stator, lesdits moyens collecteurs commutateurs rotatifs étant connectés simultanément aux bobines d'une paire et séquentiellement aux m bobines, les n paires de bobines sont portées par le stator et les n paires de pôles sont portées par le rotor, et les moyens collecteurs commutateurs rotatifs des bobines comportent deux pistes conductrices électriques circulaires concentriques d'axe X portées par un fond du rotor, au moins deux premiers balais, chacun étant relié électriquement et mécaniquement aux deux pistes électriques et des pistes de commutation portées par le stator et isolées électriquement les unes des autres, chaque piste de commutation étant reliée électriquement à une bobine, lesdits premiers balais étant disposés de manière diamétralement opposée et de sorte à entrer en contact simultanément avec deux pistes de commutation diamétralement opposées et séquentiellement avec lesdites pistes de commutation. Dans un exemple de réalisation, le fond du rotor est perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal X et le rotor comporte une paroi latérale et au moins une partie des moyens collecteurs commutateurs rotatifs est disposée entre le fond du rotor et le stator, les n paires de pôles étant portées par la paroi latérale du rotor. One of the subjects of the present application is an electric motor comprising a stator and a rotor, said rotor surrounding the stator, the rotor being configured to rotate around a longitudinal axis X, n pairs of coils, the coils of each pair being diametrically opposed, n being an integer > 0 and m pairs of magnetic poles, m being an integer >0, poles of opposite polarity being arranged in a diametrically opposite manner, the n pairs of coils being carried by the rotor or the stator and the m pairs of poles being carried by the stator or the rotor respectively, electrical connection means intended to supply the motor with direct current, characterized in that it comprises means for collecting rotary switches of the n pairs of coils distributed between the rotor and the stator, said rotary commutator collector means being connected simultaneously to the coils of a pair and sequentially to the m coils, the n pairs of coils are carried by the stato r and the n pairs of poles are carried by the rotor, and the rotary commutator collector means of the coils comprise two concentric circular electrical conductive tracks of axis X carried by a bottom of the rotor, at least two first brushes, each being electrically connected and mechanically to the two electrical tracks and switching tracks carried by the stator and electrically insulated from each other, each switching track being electrically connected to a coil, said first brushes being arranged in a diametrically opposite manner and so as to come into contact simultaneously with two diametrically opposed switching tracks and sequentially with said switching tracks. In an exemplary embodiment, the bottom of the rotor is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X and the rotor comprises a side wall and at least part of the rotary commutator collector means is arranged between the bottom of the rotor and the stator, the n pairs of poles being carried by the side wall of the rotor.
Avantageusement, les deux premiers balais sont disposés sensiblement sur un même cercle et les pistes de commutation comportent une portion en arc de cercle avec laquelle les premiers balais sont séquentiellement en contact. Advantageously, the first two brushes are arranged substantially on the same circle and the switching tracks include an arcuate portion with which the first brushes are sequentially in contact.
Le moteur électrique peut comporter deux deuxièmes balais en contact permanent avec les pistes électriques et reliant les moyens de connexion électrique destinés à alimenter le moteur en courant continu et les pistes électriques. The electric motor may comprise two second brushes in permanent contact with the electric tracks and connecting the electric connection means intended to supply the motor with direct current and the electric tracks.
Les deuxièmes balais sont par exemple portés par des contacts fixés au stator, les pistes électriques et les premiers balais étant situés à l'intérieur du rotor. The second brushes are for example carried by contacts fixed to the stator, the electrical tracks and the first brushes being located inside the rotor.
Par exemple, le moteur comporte un capot recouvrant au moins en partie le rotor sur lequel les deuxièmes balais sont fixés, les pistes électriques étant situées à l'extérieur du rotor, et les moyens de connexion électrique destinés à alimenter le moteur en courant continu sont portés par le capot. For example, the motor comprises a cover covering at least partly the rotor on which the second brushes are fixed, the electrical tracks being located outside the rotor, and the electrical connection means intended to supply the motor with direct current are carried by the hood.
Selon une autre caractéristique additionnelle, le moteur comporte un arbre de sortie et le stator comporte un passage central, ledit arbre de sortie étant fixé au rotor et traversant le stator par le passage central. According to another additional characteristic, the motor comprises an output shaft and the stator comprises a central passage, said output shaft being fixed to the rotor and passing through the stator through the central passage.
Un autre objet de la présente demande est un motoréducteur comportant un moteur électrique selon l'invention, le stator comportant un passage central et un dispositif de réduction monté dans le passage central du stator. Another object of the present application is a geared motor comprising an electric motor according to the invention, the stator comprising a central passage and a reduction device mounted in the central passage of the stator.
Un autre objet de la présente demande est un frein pour véhicule automobile comportant des éléments de friction destinés à venir en contact avec une pièce solidaire en rotation d'une roue pour venir la freiner, un actionneur mécanique pour déplacer les éléments de friction et un moteur électrique selon l'invention ou un motoréducteur selon l'invention, connecté à l'actionneur mécanique pour l'actionner. L'actionneur est avantageusement configuré pour être activé pour assurer pour un freinage de parking. BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS Another object of the present application is a brake for a motor vehicle comprising friction elements intended to come into contact with a part fixed in rotation to a wheel in order to brake it, a mechanical actuator for moving the friction elements and a motor electric according to the invention or a geared motor according to the invention, connected to the mechanical actuator to actuate it. The actuator is advantageously configured to be activated to provide for parking braking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
La présente invention sera mieux comprise sur la base de la description qui va suivre et des dessins en annexe sur lesquels: The present invention will be better understood on the basis of the following description and the appended drawings in which:
[Fig. 1] est une vue en perspective d'un stator et une vue en perspective de l'intérieur d'un rotor d'un moteur électrique selon un premier exemple de réalisation. [Fig. 1] is a perspective view of a stator and a perspective view of the interior of a rotor of an electric motor according to a first embodiment.
[Fig. 2] est une vue en éclaté du moteur électrique de la figure 1, le rotor étant représenté en transparence. [Fig. 2] is an exploded view of the electric motor of FIG. 1, the rotor being shown in transparency.
[Fig. 3] est une vue de détail du stator de la figure 2. [Fig. 3] is a detail view of the stator of figure 2.
[Fig. 4] est une vue en éclaté du moteur électrique selon un deuxième exemple de réalisation. [Fig. 4] is an exploded view of the electric motor according to a second embodiment.
[Fig. 5] est la vue en éclaté de la figure 4 sur laquelle le capot et le rotor sont représentés en transparence. [Fig. 5] is the exploded view of FIG. 4 in which the cover and the rotor are shown in transparency.
[Fig. 6A] [Fig. 6A]
[Fig. 6B] sont des représentations schématiques des deux côtés d'un plateau de frein à tambour équipé d'un frein de parking électrique mettant en œuvre un moteur électrique selon les figures 4 et 5. [Fig. 6B] are schematic representations of both sides of a drum brake plate equipped with an electric parking brake implementing an electric motor according to Figures 4 and 5.
EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERS DETAILED DISCUSSION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
Sur les figures 1 à 3, on peut voir un premier exemple de moteur électrique Ml comportant un stator 2 et un rotor 4 destiné à tourner autour d'un axe X. In Figures 1 to 3, one can see a first example of an electric motor M1 comprising a stator 2 and a rotor 4 intended to rotate around an axis X.
Le rotor 4 entoure le stator 2. Rotor 4 surrounds stator 2.
Le stator comporte un châssis métallique 10 comprenant des encoches, sur lesquelles sont placées des bobines 12. Les bobines 12 sont réparties en cercle autour de l'axe X. Les bobines 12 sont réparties par paire. Le stator comporte au moins une paire de bobines. Dans l'exemple représenté, douze bobines 12 sont mises en œuvre. The stator comprises a metal frame 10 comprising notches, on which coils 12 are placed. The coils 12 are distributed in a circle around the axis X. The coils 12 are distributed in pairs. The stator includes at least one pair of coils. In the example shown, twelve coils 12 are implemented.
Les bobines d'une paire sont disposées de manière diamétralement opposées par rapport à l'axe X et sont reliées électriquement. The coils of a pair are arranged diametrically opposite with respect to the X axis and are electrically connected.
Le châssis métallique est par exemple réalisé à partir d'un empilement de tôles métalliques. Le châssis 10 et les bobines 12 sont disposés sur un plateau 16 muni d'un passage central traversant 15 d'axe X. The metal frame is for example made from a stack of metal sheets. The frame 10 and the coils 12 are arranged on a plate 16 provided with a central crossing passage 15 of axis X.
Le stator comporte également sur la face libre du châssis 10 des pistes de commutation 14, chacune étant reliée électriquement à une bobine 12. Dans cet exemple, une piste de commutation 14 comporte une portion en arc de cercle 14.1 centrée sur l'axe X, une portion radiale 14.2 s'étendant vers l'extérieur et se connectant à une bobine 12. The stator also comprises on the free face of the frame 10 switching tracks 14, each being electrically connected to a coil 12. In this example, a switching track 14 comprises an arcuate portion 14.1 centered on the axis X, a radial portion 14.2 extending outward and connecting to a coil 12.
La portion en arc de cercle 14.1 s'étend radialement entre un rayon RI et un rayon R2, R2 > RI et les portions en arc de cercle 14.1 sont disposés les unes par rapport aux autres pour former un anneau discontinu de rayon intérieur RI et de rayon extérieur R2. The arcuate portion 14.1 extends radially between a radius RI and a radius R2, R2 > RI and the arcuate portions 14.1 are arranged relative to each other to form a discontinuous ring of interior radius RI and outer radius R2.
Les pistes de commutation sont par exemple en cuivre. The switching tracks are for example made of copper.
Les pistes de commutation 14 sont réparties autour de l'axe X et sont isolées électriquement les unes des autres. Dans l'exemple représenté, les extrémités des portions en arc de cercle 14.1 de deux pistes de connexion adjacentes sont séparées par une distance d'isolation 18. The switching tracks 14 are distributed around the X axis and are electrically isolated from each other. In the example shown, the ends of the circular arc portions 14.1 of two adjacent connection tracks are separated by an insulation distance 18.
Sur la figure 3, on peut voir un exemple de connexion entre la portion radiale 14.2 d'une piste de commutation 14 et une bobine. La portion radiale 14.2 comporte une extrémité libre 20 en forme de crochet, à laquelle est accroché le fil 22 d'une bobine. In Figure 3, one can see an example of connection between the radial portion 14.2 of a switching track 14 and a coil. The radial portion 14.2 has a free end 20 in the form of a hook, to which the wire 22 of a reel is attached.
Le rotor 4 comporte un corps en forme de coupelle muni d'un fond 6 orthogonal à l'axe X, et d'une paroi latérale 8. The rotor 4 comprises a cup-shaped body provided with a bottom 6 orthogonal to the axis X, and with a side wall 8.
Le rotor 4 comporte également des aimants permanents 24 fixés sur la face intérieure de la paroi latérale 8 de sorte à être au moins en partie en regard des extrémités radialement extérieures des bobines 12. The rotor 4 also comprises permanent magnets 24 fixed on the inner face of the side wall 8 so as to be at least partly facing the radially outer ends of the coils 12.
Le rotor 4 comporte au moins une paire d'aimants fixés de manière diamétralement opposée et de sorte que le pôle nord d'un aimant d'une paire soit orienté vers l'intérieur et le pôle sud de l'autre aimant de la paire soit orienté vers l'intérieur. The rotor 4 comprises at least one pair of magnets fixed diametrically opposite and so that the north pole of one magnet of a pair is oriented inwards and the south pole of the other magnet of the pair is oriented inward.
Dans l'exemple représenté, six paires d'aimants sont utilisés. In the example shown, six pairs of magnets are used.
En variante, les aimants sont remplacés par une couronne unique comportant des zones de polarité opposées réparties successivement autour de l'axe X. As a variant, the magnets are replaced by a single crown comprising zones of opposite polarity distributed successively around the X axis.
Le rotor 4 comporte également sur la face intérieure du fond 6 deux pistes conductrices électriques 26, 28 concentriques et centrées sur l'axe X. le rotor comporte également deux premiers connecteurs glissants ou premiers balais 30, 32, chacun relié électriquement à une piste conductrice 26, 28 respectivement et fixés sur la face intérieur du fond. Les premiers balais 30, 32 s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe X de sorte que leur extrémité libre soit en contact avec le stator 2, plus particulièrement soit en contact chacun avec une piste de commutation 14. La dimension des chaque balai 30, 32 le long de la direction X est donc sensiblement égale à la distance entre la face libre du stator 2 et la face intérieure du fond 6. The rotor 4 also comprises on the inner face of the bottom 6 two electric conductive tracks 26, 28 concentric and centered on the axis X. the rotor also comprises two first sliding connectors or first brushes 30, 32, each electrically connected to a conductive track 26, 28 respectively and fixed to the inside face of the bottom. The first brushes 30, 32 extend parallel to the axis X so that their free end is in contact with the stator 2, more particularly either in contact each with a switching track 14. The dimension of each brush 30, 32 along the direction X is therefore substantially equal to the distance between the free face of the stator 2 and the inner face of the bottom 6.
Les balais, communément appelés charbons, sont par exemple en carbone ou formés par une lame de métal souple, The brushes, commonly called brushes, are for example made of carbon or formed by a flexible metal blade,
Dans l'exemple représenté, les pistes 26, 28 sont suspendues au fond 6, permettant au balai 30 de la piste 26 radialement intérieure de se situer à l'extérieur de la piste 28, la portion de connexion entre la piste 26 et le balai 30 passant entre la piste 28 et le fond 6. Les balais sont tels que l'extrémité libre du balai 30 et l'extrémité libre du balai 32 sont éloignées de l'axe X, de sorte à se trouver au moins en partie entre un cercle de rayon RI et un cercle de rayon R2. Les balais 30, 32 sont situés sur un cercle ayant approximativement le même rayon moyen que les portions en arc de cercle 14.1 des pistes de commutation. On entend par « rayon moyen d'une piste », la valeur moyenne entre le rayon intérieur et le rayon extérieur d'une piste de commutation, i.e. (RI + R2)/2. Ainsi, lorsque le rotor est en place autour du stator, les extrémités libres des balais 30, 32 sont en contact au moins en partie avec les portions d'arc de cercle 14.1 des pistes de commutation. In the example shown, the tracks 26, 28 are suspended from the bottom 6, allowing the brush 30 of the radially inner track 26 to be located outside the track 28, the connection portion between the track 26 and the brush 30 passing between the track 28 and the bottom 6. The brushes are such that the free end of the brush 30 and the free end of the brush 32 are remote from the axis X, so as to be at least partly between a circle of radius RI and a circle of radius R2. The brushes 30, 32 are located on a circle having approximately the same average radius as the arcuate portions 14.1 of the switching tracks. “Average radius of a track” means the average value between the inner radius and the outer radius of a switching track, i.e. (RI+R2)/2. Thus, when the rotor is in place around the stator, the free ends of the brushes 30, 32 are in contact at least in part with the circular arc portions 14.1 of the commutation tracks.
De plus, le montage en suspension permet également d'offrir une certaine liberté de montage dans la direction X, permettant de palier les tolérances de fabrication. En outre les balais offrent une certaine élasticité dans la direction X permettant d'assurer un bon contact entre les balais et les pistes de commutation. Les premiers balais 30, 32 sont par exemple portés par des bras qui offrent cette élasticité dans la direction X. In addition, the suspension mounting also makes it possible to offer a certain freedom of mounting in the X direction, making it possible to overcome manufacturing tolerances. In addition, the brushes offer a certain elasticity in the X direction making it possible to ensure good contact between the brushes and the switching tracks. The first brushes 30, 32 are for example carried by arms which offer this elasticity in the direction X.
Le moteur électrique Ml comporte également deux contacts 34, 36 destinés à être reliés à une source de courant continu et assurant l'alimentation électrique des bobines. Les contacts 34, 36 sont portés par le stator 2 et traversent le châssis métallique 10. Les contacts 34 et 36 comportent chacun une première extrémité (non visibles) du côté du plateau destinée à la connexion à la source de courant continu, et une deuxième extrémité 34.1, 36.1 en saillie de la face libre du stator. Les contacts 34, 36 sont isolés électriquement du châssis 10. The electric motor M1 also comprises two contacts 34, 36 intended to be connected to a source of direct current and ensuring the electric supply of the coils. The contacts 34, 36 are carried by the stator 2 and pass through the metal frame 10. The contacts 34 and 36 each have a first end (not visible) on the side of the plate intended for connection to the direct current source, and a second end 34.1, 36.1 projecting from the free face of the stator. Contacts 34, 36 are electrically isolated from frame 10.
La deuxième extrémité 34.1 du contact 34 et la deuxième extrémité du contact 36.1 forment des deuxièmes balais configurés pour venir en contact permanent avec les pistes 26, 28 respectivement. A cet effet, le contact 34 est situé sur un cercle ayant approximativement le même rayon moyen que la piste 26 et le contact 36 est situé sur un cercle ayant le même rayon moyen que la piste 28. On entend par « rayon moyen d'une piste », la valeur moyenne entre le rayon intérieur et le rayon extérieur d'une piste. Dans l'exemple représenté, l'arbre de sortie 38 du moteur Ml est directement fixé à la face intérieure du fond 6 et traverse le passage traversant 15 du plateau 16 du stator et débouche du côté opposé au fond du rotor. Dans cet exemple, l'arbre de sortie 38 est rapporté sur le rotor 4. En variante, l'arbre de sortie est issu de matière avec le rotor. En variante, un dispositif de réduction, par exemple de type train épicycloïdal est intégré dans le passage traversant 15 du stator, le planétaire d'entrée étant fixé dans le fond du rotor. The second end 34.1 of the contact 34 and the second end of the contact 36.1 form second brushes configured to come into permanent contact with the tracks 26, 28 respectively. For this purpose, contact 34 is located on a circle having approximately the same average radius as track 26 and contact 36 is located on a circle having the same average radius as track 28. track”, the average value between the inner radius and the outer radius of a track. In the example shown, the output shaft 38 of the motor M1 is directly attached to the inner face of the bottom 6 and passes through the through passage 15 of the plate 16 of the stator and emerges on the side opposite the bottom of the rotor. In this example, the output shaft 38 is attached to the rotor 4. Alternatively, the output shaft is made in one piece with the rotor. As a variant, a reduction device, for example of the planetary gear type, is integrated in the through passage 15 of the stator, the input sun gear being fixed in the bottom of the rotor.
Le moteur peut avantageusement comporter un capot de carter (non représenté) recouvrant le rotor et venant se fixer par exemple sur le plateau 16 du stator 2. Lorsque le rotor 4 est monté autour du stator 2, la deuxième extrémité 34.1, 36.1 des contacts 34, 36 est en contact permanent avec la piste 26, 28 respectivement. Du fait du montage suspendu des pistes 26, 28 sur le rotor 4, les contraintes dimensionnelles sont relâchées. The motor can advantageously comprise a casing cover (not shown) covering the rotor and being fixed for example on the plate 16 of the stator 2. When the rotor 4 is mounted around the stator 2, the second end 34.1, 36.1 of the contacts 34 , 36 is in permanent contact with the track 26, 28 respectively. Due to the suspended mounting of the tracks 26, 28 on the rotor 4, the dimensional constraints are relaxed.
Les balais 30, 32 sont en contact chacun avec une piste de commutation 14, plus particulièrement avec les portions en arc de cercle 14.1. Les deux pistes de commutation 14 sont diamétralement opposées. The brushes 30, 32 are each in contact with a switching track 14, more particularly with the circular arc portions 14.1. The two switching tracks 14 are diametrically opposed.
L'ensemble piste 26, balai 30 et piste de commutation 14 et l'ensemble piste 28, balai 32 et piste de commutation 14 forment des collecteurs commutateurs rotatifs, créant une connexion électrique entre le stator et le rotor, avec une fonction de commutation pendant la rotation. The track 26, brush 30 and commutation track 14 assembly and the track 28, brush 32 and commutation track 14 assembly form rotary commutator collectors, creating an electrical connection between the stator and the rotor, with a switching function during the rotation.
Le fonctionnement du moteur Ml des figures 1 et 2 va maintenant être décrit. Le moteur est alimenté en courant continu via les contacts 34, 36 qui alimentent les pistes 26, 28 respectivement qui elles-mêmes alimentent les pistes de commutation 14 (les pistes hachurées sur la figure 2), alimentant deux bobines 12 diamétralement opposées via les premiers balais 30, 32. Les bobines 12 génèrent un champ magnétique, sur lequel tend à s'aligner le moment magnétique des aimants 24, ce qui provoque un déplacement du rotor 4. Or la rotation du rotor 4 provoque une rotation des balais 30, 32 qui vont entrer en contact avec les pistes de commutation 14 diamétralement opposés voisines, alimentant alors les bobines 12 diamétralement opposées voisines, ce qui modifie l'orientation du champ magnétique, sur lequel le moment magnétique va tenter à nouveau de s'aligner. La rotation du rotor génère un champ magnétique tournant qui attire le rotor. The operation of the motor M1 of FIGS. 1 and 2 will now be described. The motor is supplied with direct current via the contacts 34, 36 which supply the tracks 26, 28 respectively which themselves supply the switching tracks 14 (the hatched tracks in FIG. 2), supplying two diametrically opposed coils 12 via the first brushes 30, 32. The coils 12 generate a magnetic field, on which tends to align the magnetic moment of the magnets 24, which causes a displacement of the rotor 4. Or the rotation of the rotor 4 causes a rotation of the brushes 30, 32 which will come into contact with the neighboring diametrically opposed switching tracks 14, then supplying the neighboring diametrically opposed coils 12, which modifies the orientation of the magnetic field, on which the magnetic moment will again try to align itself. The rotation of the rotor generates a rotating magnetic field which attracts the rotor.
Le moteur ne requiert pas de système électronique de commande du courant assurant la commutation du courant dans les enroulements statoriques. The motor does not require an electronic current control system ensuring the current commutation in the stator windings.
Sur les figures 4 et 5, on peut voir un deuxième exemple de réalisation d'un moteur électrique M2. In Figures 4 and 5, one can see a second embodiment of an electric motor M2.
Le moteur M2 diffère du moteur Ml en ce que l'alimentation des bobines ne se fait pas à travers le stator mais par l'intermédiaire d'un capot. The M2 motor differs from the M1 motor in that the supply of the coils is not done through the stator but through a cover.
Le moteur des figures 4 et 5 comporte un stator 102, un rotor 104 monté autour du stator 102 et un carter formant capot 139 monté sur le rotor au moins en regard de la face extérieure du fond du rotor. The motor of FIGS. 4 and 5 comprises a stator 102, a rotor 104 mounted around the stator 102 and a casing forming a cowl 139 mounted on the rotor at least opposite the outer face of the bottom of the rotor.
Le stator 102 est sensiblement identique au stator 2 du moteur Ml. Stator 102 is substantially identical to stator 2 of motor M1.
Le rotor 104 a la forme d'une coupelle comprenant un fond 106 et une paroi latérale 108. Il comporte également des pistes 126, 128 circulaires concentriques centrées sur l'axe X. Les pistes 126, 128 sont situées sur la face extérieure du fond 106 du rotor en regard du capot 139. Des premiers balais 130, 132 sont disposés dans le rotor 104 et reliés aux pistes 126, 128 à travers le fond 106 du rotor 104. Comme pour les balais 30 et 32, les premiers balais 130, 132 sont avantageusement supportés de sorte à présenter une certaine élasticité le long de l'axe X. Dans cet exemple, les premiers balais 130, 132 se situent à l'intérieur de la piste 126. Le capot 139 comporte des conducteurs électriques 134, 136 destinés à alimenter chacune des pistes 126, 128. The rotor 104 has the shape of a cup comprising a bottom 106 and a side wall 108. It also comprises concentric circular tracks 126, 128 centered on the axis X. The tracks 126, 128 are located on the outer face of the bottom 106 of the rotor opposite the cover 139. First brushes 130, 132 are arranged in the rotor 104 and connected to the tracks 126, 128 through the bottom 106 of the rotor 104. As for the brushes 30 and 32, the first brushes 130, 132 are advantageously supported so as to have a certain elasticity along the axis X. In this example, the first brushes 130, 132 are located inside the track 126. The cover 139 comprises electrical conductors 134, 136 intended to supply each of the tracks 126, 128.
Les conducteurs électriques 134, 136 comportent chacun une première extrémité 134.1,The electrical conductors 134, 136 each have a first end 134.1,
136.1 destinée à être reliée à une source de courant continu et une deuxième extrémité 134.2, 136.2 munie d'un deuxième balai 140, 142. Les deuxièmes balais 140, 142 sont disposés de sorte à être en contact permanent avec les pistes 126, 128 respectivement. De manière très avantageuse, la partie du capot 139 logeant les premières extrémités136.1 intended to be connected to a direct current source and a second end 134.2, 136.2 provided with a second brush 140, 142. The second brushes 140, 142 are arranged so as to be in permanent contact with the tracks 126, 128 respectively . Very advantageously, the part of the cover 139 housing the first ends
134.1. 136.1 est configurée sous la forme d'un connecteur 144 dont la forme est celle des connecteurs habituellement utilisés dans le domaine automobile, facilitant la connexion du moteur à l'alimentation électrique. Le moteur M2 est donc facilement intégrable à une structure existante. 134.1. 136.1 is configured in the form of a connector 144 whose shape is that of the connectors usually used in the automotive field, facilitating the connection of the motor to the power supply. The M2 motor is therefore easily integrated into an existing structure.
De manière similaire au moteur M2, l'arbre de sortie est fixé directement sur le fond du rotor et traverse le stator. En variante, un dispositif de réduction, par exemple de type train épicycloïdal est intégré dans le passage traversant du stator, le planétaire d'entrée étant fixé dans le fond du rotor. Similar to the M2 motor, the output shaft is attached directly to the bottom of the rotor and passes through the stator. As a variant, a reduction device, for example of the planetary gear type, is integrated in the through passage of the stator, the input sun gear being fixed in the bottom of the rotor.
Lorsque le moteur M2 est assemblé, i.e. le rotor 104 est monté autour du stator 102 et le capot 139 recouvre le rotor 104, les deuxièmes balais 140, 142 sont en contact permanent avec les pistes 126, 128 respectivement, et les premiers balais 130, 132 sont en contact avec deux pistes de commutation 114 diamétralement opposées, plus particulièrement avec les portions en arc de cercle 114.1. Du fait de l'élasticité des premiers balais 130, 132, les contraintes dimensionnelles dans la direction X sont relâchées. When the motor M2 is assembled, i.e. the rotor 104 is mounted around the stator 102 and the cover 139 covers the rotor 104, the second brushes 140, 142 are in permanent contact with the tracks 126, 128 respectively, and the first brushes 130, 132 are in contact with two diametrically opposed switching tracks 114, more particularly with the circular arc portions 114.1. Due to the elasticity of the first brushes 130, 132, the dimensional constraints in the X direction are relaxed.
L'ensemble piste 126, premier balai 130 et piste de commutation 114 et l'ensemble piste 128, premier balai 132 et piste de commutation 114 forment des collecteurs commutateurs rotatifs, créant une connexion électrique entre le stator 102 et le rotor 104, avec une fonction de commutation pendant la rotation. The track 126, first brush 130 and commutation track 114 assembly and the track 128, first brush 132 and commutation track 114 assembly form rotary commutator collectors, creating an electrical connection between the stator 102 and the rotor 104, with a switching function during rotation.
Le fonctionnement du moteur des figures 4 et 5 va maintenant être décrit. The operation of the motor of FIGS. 4 and 5 will now be described.
Le moteur est alimenté en courant continu via les conducteurs électriques 134, 136 connectés à une source de courant continu, qui alimentent les pistes 126, 128 via les deuxièmes balais 140, 142 respectivement. Les pistes 126, 128 alimentent les pistes de commutation 114 via les premiers balais 130, 132, alimentant deux bobines 112 diamétralement opposées. Les bobines 112 génèrent un champ magnétique, sur lequel tend à s'aligner le moment magnétique des aimants 124, ce qui provoque un déplacement du rotor 104. Or la rotation du rotor 104 provoque une rotation des balais 130, 132 qui vont entrer en contact avec les pistes de commutation 114 diamétralement opposées voisines, alimentation les bobines 112 diamétralement opposées voisines, ce qui modifie l'orientation du champ magnétique, et sur lequel le moment magnétique va tenter à nouveau de s'aligner. La rotation du rotor 104 génère un champ magnétique tournant qui attire le rotor. The motor is supplied with direct current via the electrical conductors 134, 136 connected to a source of direct current, which supply the tracks 126, 128 via the second brushes 140, 142 respectively. Tracks 126, 128 feed the tracks of switching 114 via the first brushes 130, 132, supplying two diametrically opposed coils 112. The coils 112 generate a magnetic field, on which tends to align the magnetic moment of the magnets 124, which causes a displacement of the rotor 104. Now the rotation of the rotor 104 causes a rotation of the brushes 130, 132 which will come into contact with the neighboring diametrically opposed switching tracks 114, feeds the neighboring diametrically opposed coils 112, which modifies the orientation of the magnetic field, and on which the magnetic moment will again try to align itself. Rotation of rotor 104 generates a rotating magnetic field which attracts the rotor.
Dans les exemples décrits, les bobines sont avantageusement portées par le stator et les aimants sont portés par le rotor, ce qui simplifie l'alimentation électrique des bobines. Néanmoins un moteur électrique dans lequel les bobines sont portées par le rotor et les aimants sont portés par le stator ne sort pas du cadre de la présente invention. In the examples described, the coils are advantageously carried by the stator and the magnets are carried by the rotor, which simplifies the electrical supply of the coils. Nevertheless, an electric motor in which the coils are carried by the rotor and the magnets are carried by the stator does not depart from the scope of the present invention.
Dans les exemples décrits les deux premiers balais sont à une même distance radiale de l'axe X, les pistes de commutation comportent une seule portion en arc de cercle. En variante, les deux premiers balais sont à des distances radiales de l'axe X différentes, et les pistes de commutation comportent deux portions en arc de cercle, l'une ayant un rayon correspondant à la distance radiale d'un des premier balais et l'autre ayant un rayon correspondant à la distance radiale de l'autre des premiers balais. D'autres formes de piste de commutation sont envisageables, par exemple une forme de portion angulaire. In the examples described, the first two brushes are at the same radial distance from the axis X, the switching tracks comprise a single arcuate portion. As a variant, the first two brushes are at different radial distances from the X axis, and the switching tracks comprise two arcuate portions, one having a radius corresponding to the radial distance of one of the first brushes and the other having a radius corresponding to the radial distance from the other of the first brushes. Other switching track shapes can be envisaged, for example a shape of an angular portion.
Sur les figures 6A et 6B, on peut voir représenté schématiquement un frein à tambour équipé d'un moteur M2 selon l'invention assurant l'actionnement du frein de parking électrique. In FIGS. 6A and 6B, a drum brake can be seen schematically equipped with a motor M2 according to the invention ensuring actuation of the electric parking brake.
Le frein à tambour comporte un plateau 202 de révolution d'axe AX équipé d'un premier et d'un second segment en arc de cercle 203 et 204 mobiles radialement pour pouvoir être pressés contre la face interne cylindrique d'un tambour non représenté. The drum brake comprises a plate 202 of revolution of axis AX equipped with a first and a second segment in an arc of a circle 203 and 204 that are radially movable so as to be able to be pressed against the cylindrical internal face of a drum, not shown.
Les segments 203 et 204 comportent chacun une âme 203a, 204a en tôle plane en forme de portion de couronne circulaire qui porte une garniture de freinage 203b, 204b, et sont montés diamétralement opposés avec leurs extrémités en appui à fois sur un cylindre de roue 206 hydraulique et sur un actionneur mécanique 207 portés par le plateau 202. Ces segments 203 et 204 sont en outre rappelés l'un vers l'autre par deux ressorts de rappel 208 et 209, et plaqués contre le plateau 202 chacun par un ressort. The segments 203 and 204 each comprise a web 203a, 204a of flat sheet metal in the shape of a portion of a circular crown which carries a brake lining 203b, 204b, and are mounted diametrically opposite with their ends resting both on a cylinder of hydraulic wheel 206 and on a mechanical actuator 207 carried by the plate 202. These segments 203 and 204 are also biased towards each other by two return springs 208 and 209, and pressed against the plate 202 each by a spring .
Une biellette de rattrapage d'usure 212 s'étend le long du cylindre de roue 206 en ayant une première extrémité en appui sur l'âme 203a du premier segment 203 et une seconde extrémité en appui sur l'âme 204a du second segment 204. A wear take-up link 212 extends along the wheel cylinder 206 having a first end resting on the web 203a of the first segment 203 and a second end resting on the web 204a of the second segment 204.
Le cylindre de roue 206 est destiné à être actionné lors d'une utilisation du frein à tambour selon un premier mode de fonctionnement dit "simplex", qui assure un freinage progressif particulièrement adapté pour freiner le véhicule en service. Il comprend une chambre hydraulique fermée à ses extrémités par deux pistons qui s'écartent l'un de l'autre lorsque la pression hydraulique augmente et pousse les extrémités associées des segments 203 et 204. The wheel cylinder 206 is intended to be actuated when using the drum brake according to a first so-called "simplex" mode of operation, which provides progressive braking particularly suitable for braking the vehicle in service. It comprises a hydraulic chamber closed at its ends by two pistons which move apart when the hydraulic pressure increases and pushes the associated ends of the segments 203 and 204.
L'actionneur mécanique 207 assure quant à lui le freinage de stationnement et de secours en écartant les extrémités associées des segments pour assurer un blocage rapide et puissant des roues du véhicules selon un mode de fonctionnement dit "duo-servo", notamment quand le cylindre de roue 206 est inactif. Cet actionneur est entraîné par le moteur électrique M2. L'actionneur mécanique 207 est par exemple du type vis-écrou, l'écrou étant entraîné par le moteur électrique M2. Le moteur M2 est monté sur une face 202.2 du plateau 202 opposée à la face 202.1 portant l'actionneur 207 et la connexion mécanique est réalisée à travers le plateau. Par exemple l'écrou comporte une couronne dentée en prise avec une ou plusieurs roues dentées entraînées par le moteur électrique M2, soit directement par l'arbre de sortie 138, soit par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de réduction. The mechanical actuator 207 provides the parking and emergency braking by moving the associated ends of the segments apart to ensure rapid and powerful locking of the wheels of the vehicle according to a so-called "duo-servo" operating mode, in particular when the cylinder wheel 206 is inactive. This actuator is driven by the electric motor M2. The mechanical actuator 207 is for example of the screw-nut type, the nut being driven by the electric motor M2. The motor M2 is mounted on a face 202.2 of the plate 202 opposite to the face 202.1 carrying the actuator 207 and the mechanical connection is made through the plate. For example, the nut comprises a toothed crown meshing with one or more toothed wheels driven by the electric motor M2, either directly by the output shaft 138, or via a reduction device.
La forme relativement plate et fine du moteur électrique est particulièrement avantageuse pour une intégration dans un frein. En outre il est capable de développer un couple suffisant le rendant adapté à l'actionnement d'un frein de parking électrique, par exemple entre 0,2 Nm et 1 Nm. The relatively flat and thin shape of the electric motor is particularly advantageous for integration into a brake. In addition, it is capable of developing sufficient torque making it suitable for actuating an electric parking brake, for example between 0.2 Nm and 1 Nm.
Le moteur électrique peut être mis en œuvre dans un frein afin d'assurer à la fois la fonction de frein de service et la fonction de frein de parking. Références The electric motor can be implemented in a brake in order to ensure both the service brake function and the parking brake function. References
2, 102 stator 2, 102 stator
4, 104 rotor 4, 104 rotor
6, 106 fond du rotor 6, 106 rotor bottom
8, 108 paroi latérale du rotor 8, 108 rotor side wall
10 châssis métallique 10 metal frame
12, 112 bobine 12, 112 coil
14, 114 piste de commutation 14, 114 switch track
14.1 portion d'arc de cercle 14.1 part of an arc
14.2, 14.3 portion radial 14.2, 14.3 radial portion
15 passage intérieur 15 inside passage
16 plateau du stator 16 stator plate
18 distance d'isolation 18 insulation distance
20 extrémité libre de la portion radiale20 free end of the radial portion
22 fil 22 wire
24, 124 aimant permanent 24, 124 permanent magnet
26, 126, 28, 128 piste électrique 26, 126, 28, 128 electric track
30, 130, 32, 132 premier balai 30, 130, 32, 132 first broom
34, 36, 134, 136 conducteur électrique34, 36, 134, 136 electrical conductor
38, 138 arbre de sortie 38, 138 output shaft
134.1. 136.1 première extrémité134.1. 136.1 first end
139 capot 139 hood
140, 142 deuxième balai 140, 142 second broom
144 connecteur 144 connector
202 plateau de frein à tambour202 drum brake plate
202.1, 202.2 face du plateau 202.1, 202.2 face of the board
203 premier segment 203 first segment
203a, 204a âme 203a, 204a soul
203b, 204b garniture de freinage203b, 204b brake lining
204 deuxième segment 206 cylindre de roue 204 second segment 206 wheel cylinder
207 actionneur mécanique 207 mechanical actuator
208, 209 ressort de rappel 208, 209 return spring
212 biellette de rattrapage d'usure Ml, M2 moteur 212 wear compensator rod Ml, M2 engine
X axe du moteur X motor axis
AX axe du plateau de frein AX brake plate axle

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Moteur électrique comportant : un stator (2, 102) et un rotor (4, 104), ledit rotor (4, 104) entourant le stator (2, 102), le rotor (4, 104) étant configuré pour tourner autour d'un axe longitudinal X, n paires de bobines (12, 112), les bobines de chaque paire étant diamétralement opposées, n étant un entier > 0 et m paires de pôles magnétiques, m étant un entier >0, des pôles de polarités opposées étant disposés de manière diamétralement opposée, les n paires de bobines (12, 112) étant portées par le rotor (4, 104) ou le stator et les m paires de pôles étant portées par le stator (2, 102) ou le rotor respectivement, des moyens de connexion électrique destinés à alimenter le moteur en courant continu, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens collecteurs commutateurs rotatifs des n paires de bobines (12, 112) répartis entre le rotor et le stator, lesdits moyens collecteurs commutateurs rotatifs étant connectés simultanément aux bobines (12, 112) d'une paire et séquentiellement aux n paires de bobines, et en ce que les n paires de bobines (12, 112) sont portées par le stator (2, 102) et les m paires de pôles sont portées par le rotor (4, 104), et dans lequel les moyens collecteurs commutateurs rotatifs des bobines comportent : deux pistes conductrices électriques circulaires (26, 28, 126, 128) concentriques d'axe X portées par un fond du rotor (4, 104), au moins deux premiers balais (30, 32), chacun étant relié électriquement et mécaniquement aux deux pistes électriques (26 28, 126, 128) et des pistes de commutation (14, 114) portées par le stator (2, 102) et isolées électriquement les unes des autres, chaque piste de commutation (14, 114) étant reliée électriquement à une bobine (12, 112), lesdits premiers balais (30, 32, 130, 132) étant disposés de manière diamétralement opposée et de sorte à entrer en contact simultanément avec deux pistes de commutation (14, 114) diamétralement opposées et séquentiellement avec lesdites pistes de commutation. 1. Electric motor comprising: a stator (2, 102) and a rotor (4, 104), said rotor (4, 104) surrounding the stator (2, 102), the rotor (4, 104) being configured to rotate around of a longitudinal axis X, n pairs of coils (12, 112), the coils of each pair being diametrically opposed, n being an integer > 0 and m pairs of magnetic poles, m being an integer >0, poles of polarities being arranged diametrically opposite, the n pairs of coils (12, 112) being carried by the rotor (4, 104) or the stator and the m pairs of poles being carried by the stator (2, 102) or the rotor respectively, electrical connection means intended to supply the motor with direct current, characterized in that it comprises rotary commutator collector means of the n pairs of coils (12, 112) distributed between the rotor and the stator, said commutator collector means coils being connected simultaneously to the coils (12, 112) of a pair and sequentially to the n pairs of coils, and in that the n pairs of coils (12, 112) are carried by the stator (2, 102) and the m pairs of poles are carried by the rotor (4, 104), and wherein the rotary commutator collector means of the coils comprise: two concentric circular electric conductive tracks (26, 28, 126, 128) of axis X carried by a bottom of the rotor (4, 104), at least two first brushes (30, 32), each being electrically and mechanically connected to the two electrical tracks (26 28, 126, 128) and switching tracks (14, 114) carried by the stator (2, 102) and electrically insulated from each other, each switching track ( 14, 114) being electrically connected to a coil (12, 112), said first brushes (30, 32, 130, 132) being arranged diametrically opposite and so as to come into contact simultaneously with two switching tracks (14, 114) diametrically opposed and sequentially with said switch tracks.
2. Moteur électrique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le fond (6, 106) du rotor (4, 104) est perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal X et le rotor comporte une paroi latérale (8, 108) et dans lequel au moins une partie des moyens collecteurs commutateurs rotatifs est disposée entre le fond (6, 106) du rotor (4, 104) et le stator, les n paires de pôles étant portées par la paroi latérale (8, 108) du rotor (4, 104). 2. Electric motor according to claim 1, wherein the bottom (6, 106) of the rotor (4, 104) is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X and the rotor has a side wall (8, 108) and wherein at least part of the rotary commutator collector means is arranged between the bottom (6, 106) of the rotor (4, 104) and the stator, the n pairs of poles being carried by the side wall (8, 108) of the rotor (4, 104 ).
3. Moteur électrique selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel les deux premiers balais (30, 32, 130, 132) sont disposés sensiblement sur un même cercle et les pistes de commutation (14, 114) comportent une portion en arc de cercle (14.1, 114.1) avec laquelle les premiers balais (30, 32, 130, 132) sont séquentiellement en contact. 3. Electric motor according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first two brushes (30, 32, 130, 132) are arranged substantially on the same circle and the switching tracks (14, 114) comprise an arcuate portion circle (14.1, 114.1) with which the first brushes (30, 32, 130, 132) are sequentially in contact.
4. Moteur électrique selon la revendication 1 à 3, comportant deux deuxièmes balais en contact permanent avec les pistes électriques (26, 28, 126, 128) et reliant les moyens de connexion électrique destinés à alimenter le moteur en courant continu et les pistes électriques (26, 28, 126, 128). 4. Electric motor according to claim 1 to 3, comprising two second brushes in permanent contact with the electrical tracks (26, 28, 126, 128) and connecting the electrical connection means intended to supply the motor with direct current and the electrical tracks (26, 28, 126, 128).
5. Moteur électrique selon la revendication 4, dans lequel les deuxièmes balais sont portés par des contacts (34, 36) fixés au stator (2), les pistes électriques (26, 28) et les premiers balais (30, 32) étant situés à l'intérieur du rotor (4). 5. Electric motor according to claim 4, in which the second brushes are carried by contacts (34, 36) fixed to the stator (2), the electrical tracks (26, 28) and the first brushes (30, 32) being located inside the rotor (4).
6. Moteur électrique selon la revendication 4, comportant un capot (139) recouvrant au moins en partie le rotor (104), dans lequel les deuxièmes balais (140, 142) sont fixés au capot (139), les pistes électriques (126, 128) étant situées à l'extérieur du rotor (104), et dans lequel les moyens de connexion électrique destinés à alimenter le moteur en courant continu sont portés par le capot (139). 17 6. Electric motor according to claim 4, comprising a cover (139) at least partially covering the rotor (104), in which the second brushes (140, 142) are fixed to the cover (139), the electrical tracks (126, 128) being located outside the rotor (104), and in which the electrical connection means intended to supply the motor with direct current are carried by the cover (139). 17
7. Moteur électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, comportant un arbre de sortie7. Electric motor according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising an output shaft
(38) et dans lequel le stator (2) comporte un passage central (15), ledit arbre de sortie(38) and wherein the stator (2) has a central passage (15), said output shaft
(38) étant fixé au rotor (4) et traversant le stator (2) par le passage central (15). 8. Motoréducteur comportant un moteur électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 7, le stator comportant un passage central et un dispositif de réduction monté dans le passage central du stator. (38) being fixed to the rotor (4) and passing through the stator (2) through the central passage (15). 8. Geared motor comprising an electric motor according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, the stator comprising a central passage and a reduction device mounted in the central passage of the stator.
9. Frein pour véhicule automobile comportant des éléments de friction destinés à venir en contact avec une pièce solidaire en rotation d'une roue pour venir la freiner, un actionneur mécanique pour déplacer les éléments de friction et un moteur électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 ou un motoréducteur selon la revendication 8, connecté à l'actionneur mécanique pour l'actionner. 10. Frein selon la revendication 9, ledit actionneur étant configuré pour être activé pour assurer pour un freinage de parking. 9. Brake for a motor vehicle comprising friction elements intended to come into contact with a part integral in rotation with a wheel in order to brake it, a mechanical actuator for moving the friction elements and an electric motor according to one of claims 1 to 7 or a geared motor according to claim 8, connected to the mechanical actuator to actuate it. 10. Brake according to claim 9, said actuator being configured to be activated to provide for parking braking.
PCT/FR2021/052379 2020-12-21 2021-12-17 Electric motor with simplified control and motor vehicle parking brake implementing such a motor WO2022136777A1 (en)

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FRFR2013813 2020-12-21
FR2013813A FR3118342B1 (en) 2020-12-21 2020-12-21 ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH SIMPLIFIED CONTROL AND MOTOR VEHICLE PARKING BRAKE USING SUCH A MOTOR

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5826559A (en) * 1981-11-05 1983-02-17 Fumito Komatsu Single-phase ac motor
US4908540A (en) * 1987-02-27 1990-03-13 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electric generator for vehicles
CN2417627Y (en) * 2000-01-03 2001-01-31 欧阳宝武 Speed adjustable, permanent magnet, out rotator and wheel tyre type dc motor with self-rotating carbon brush used for driving electric bicycle
JP2003047225A (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-02-14 Asmo Co Ltd Hybrid dc motor
US20070138897A1 (en) * 2003-05-19 2007-06-21 Kabushikki Kaisya Asaba Dc motor
FR3016015A1 (en) 2013-12-30 2015-07-03 Chassis Brakes Int Bv EPICYCLOIDAL TRAIN MOTOREDUCER AND DRUM BRAKE AND BRAKING DEVICE SO EQUIPPED

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5826559A (en) * 1981-11-05 1983-02-17 Fumito Komatsu Single-phase ac motor
US4908540A (en) * 1987-02-27 1990-03-13 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electric generator for vehicles
CN2417627Y (en) * 2000-01-03 2001-01-31 欧阳宝武 Speed adjustable, permanent magnet, out rotator and wheel tyre type dc motor with self-rotating carbon brush used for driving electric bicycle
JP2003047225A (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-02-14 Asmo Co Ltd Hybrid dc motor
US20070138897A1 (en) * 2003-05-19 2007-06-21 Kabushikki Kaisya Asaba Dc motor
FR3016015A1 (en) 2013-12-30 2015-07-03 Chassis Brakes Int Bv EPICYCLOIDAL TRAIN MOTOREDUCER AND DRUM BRAKE AND BRAKING DEVICE SO EQUIPPED

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FR3118342B1 (en) 2024-02-09

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