WO2022136309A1 - Solution de revêtement précurseur de films conducteurs, procédé de préparation d'une telle solution et procédé de préparation d'un support revêtu d'un film conducteur - Google Patents
Solution de revêtement précurseur de films conducteurs, procédé de préparation d'une telle solution et procédé de préparation d'un support revêtu d'un film conducteur Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022136309A1 WO2022136309A1 PCT/EP2021/086870 EP2021086870W WO2022136309A1 WO 2022136309 A1 WO2022136309 A1 WO 2022136309A1 EP 2021086870 W EP2021086870 W EP 2021086870W WO 2022136309 A1 WO2022136309 A1 WO 2022136309A1
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- mixture
- conductive film
- solid support
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- solution
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
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- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/73—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates acyclic
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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- C08G18/751—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring
- C08G18/752—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group
- C08G18/753—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group
- C08G18/755—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group and at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to a secondary carbon atom of the cycloaliphatic ring, e.g. isophorone diisocyanate
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/12—Chemical modification
- C08J7/16—Chemical modification with polymerisable compounds
- C08J7/18—Chemical modification with polymerisable compounds using wave energy or particle radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K2003/085—Copper
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/001—Conductive additives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of printed electronics and more particularly that of flexible electronics on various supports. It relates in particular to solutions for coating precursors of conductive films, the process for preparing such solutions, the use of these solutions to form conductive films on solid supports, the corresponding preparation process as well as the solid supports coated with the films. conductors obtained.
- Printed circuits are generally qualified by their support, their number of conductive layers, by the connections between these different layers, by the number of stratifications necessary for their manufacture and also by their rigidity. Historically, the industry first seized on the most rigid supports, with the use of composite plates made of epoxy resins and a fibrous weft, before proposing more flexible supports from polyimide.
- the supports constitute the insulating part in the assembly that the circuit represents, the electrical conductivity of the printed circuit, an essential element, is ensured by the tracks obtained by metallizing the surface of the supports. This step is therefore decisive when one wishes to take into account the environmental impact of the production of printed circuits.
- US Pat. No. 10,154,585 thus describes a process for preparing metal films on polyimide-based supports in several stages.
- the process described comprises in particular a first step of treating the surface of the polyimide support on which it is desired to form a metal film, an additional step of applying a paste containing a metal powder as well as a step of heating with using a stream of steam. This last step makes it possible to form the metallic film.
- the metallic paste used comprises metal particles, a binder and a solvent in which the binder and the particles are dispersed.
- a wide variety of particles is described, it is in particular recommended to use silver particles, in particular of lamellar form generally designated by the term flakes in English, copper and copper coated with silver. It is not recommended to use oxidized copper particles because of the drop in conductivity they would bring to the metallic film.
- the metal paste includes metal particles which must meet specific specifications linked to the steam treatment step which is used, thus they must have a high electrical conductivity and have a low degree of oxidation. which requires to produce them to use processes whose implementation is complex and unsuitable for production on an industrial scale.
- the present invention aims in particular to respond to the challenges with which the field of electronics is today confronted: to propose solutions that can be used on an industrial scale under mild and environmentally friendly conditions and also to take advantage of readily available materials. , without a complex process, which do not require storage conditions that are difficult to implement.
- the present invention relates to a precursor coating solution for conductive films characterized in that it comprises a polymerizable composition comprising between 60 and 100% by mass of a mixture of protected polyurethane prepolymers, a metallic filler, or a mixture of metallic fillers , based on copper, a solvent or a mixture of solvents, an additive or a mixture of additives. It also relates to the method of preparing the solution as well as that of preparing a conductive film on the surface of a solid support with the coating solution.
- Conductive film or “thin conductive film” or “conductive coating” or “conductive polymer matrix” relates to thin electrically conductive matrices generally used in the electronics and microelectronics as a surface coating for solid supports and to give them electrical properties.
- Low thickness relates to a thickness of a few tenths of micrometers to a few thousand micrometers.
- Solid support relates to supports of variable nature, composition and flexibility to which it is envisaged to confer electrical properties.
- Coating solution relates to liquid solutions used to coat solid supports in order to give them particular properties.
- Polymerizable composition relates to compositions containing pre-polymers.
- Prepolymer or “pre-polymer”, relates to macromolecules or oligomer molecules capable of entering, via reactive groups, into further polymerization, thereby contributing more than one constitutional unit to at least one type chain of the final macromolecules.
- Olemer refers to molecules of intermediate relative molecular mass, the structure of which consists essentially of a small plurality of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of lower relative molecular mass.
- Micromolecule refers to molecules of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
- Metallic filler relates to elements of a metallic nature which, integrated into a coating solution, can provide a particular electrical conductivity to the polymer matrices obtained from this precursor, possibly after a specific treatment.
- solvent concerns the various compounds used in coating solutions in order to ensure their liquid state under the conditions of use for coating purposes.
- “Additive” relates to elements which, integrated into a coating solution or a conductive film, give it particular physical properties of a non-essentially electrical nature.
- Print circuit relates to the supports making it possible to maintain and electrically connect a set of electronic components to each other, with the aim of producing a complex electronic circuit.
- Print circuit conductive tracks concerns metallic patterns intended to conduct electricity within printed circuits.
- the present invention relates to a precursor coating solution for conductive films, characterized in that it comprises:
- the polymerizable composition mainly comprises a mixture of protected polyurethane pre-polymers, in proportions of 60 to 100% by mass, and may contain between 0 and 40% by mass of a resin or a mixture of resins chosen from the group comprising thermoplastic polyimide resin, polyamideimide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, styrol resin, polyisocyanate resin, unprotected polyurethane prepolymers.
- the polymerizable composition may in particular comprise 70% of a hydroxylated polymer and 30% of a protected polyisocyanate resin, or 80% of a hydroxylated polymer and 20% of a protected polyisocyanate resin.
- the precursor coating solution for conductive films comprises between 25 and 35% of polymerizable composition.
- Polyurethane prepolymers correspond to molecules capable of reacting with each other by polyaddition reaction to produce polyurethanes. They are generally hydroxylated products, i.e. having one or more reactive primary -OH groups such as diols, triols or even sucroses (sorbitols, etc.), and products comprising one or more isocyanate groups. .
- a mixture of prepolymers is generally prepared, in determined proportions, capable of reacting with each other to form the polyurethane polymer.
- This type of product is commercially available and sold as a kit that requires mixing.
- the protected polyurethane prepolymers correspond to compositions of polyurethane prepolymers whose functional groups, in particular the isocyanate groups, have been protected using a protective group and which, unless they are used under specific conditions, they will not initiate a polymerization reaction and will present comparatively greater stability under normal storage conditions than unprotected polyurethane prepolymer.
- the isocyanate group having a higher reactivity than that of the hydroxyl group it is the isocyanate group that is most of the time protected.
- amide eg acetanilide, methylacetamide
- cyclic amide eg pyrrolidinone, caprolactam
- imide eg succinimide, hydroxyphthalimide
- imidazole pyrazole (eg dimethylpyrazole), triazole (e
- the protective group used is chosen according to the deprotection conditions that one wishes to implement subsequently.
- the de-protection can in particular be done chemically, thermally or by irradiation.
- thermolabile protective groups are the preferred ones, in fact, their elimination simply consists in increasing the temperature of the coating solution which contains them, which leads to the de-protection of the protected sensitive part and to regenerating the reactive groups suitable for polymerization. .
- the mixture of protected polyurethane prepolymers has a recommended molecular weight of between 500 and 10000 g/mol, preferably 500 to 5000 g/mol.
- the mixture of protected polyurethane prepolymers may mainly comprise protected toluene diisocyanate (TDI), protected 1,6-diisocyanatohexane or hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), protected 4,4'-diisocyanate of diphenylmethane (MDI) or protected isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI).
- TDI protected toluene diisocyanate
- HDI protected 4,4'-diisocyanate of diphenylmethane
- IPDI protected isophorone diisocyanate
- a metal filler based on copper corresponds to a mixture comprising mainly, and advantageously only, copper particles.
- This type of mixture is generally prepared from commercially available metal powder.
- the particles preferably have a median size of between 1 and 20 ⁇ m in diameter.
- Their shape is variable, it can in particular be substantially spherical or planar, advantageously it has a lamellar shape.
- the copper particles used can be partially oxidized, advantageously these are completely oxidized.
- the mixture may contain varying proportions of unoxidized, partially oxidized particles and fully oxidized, it preferably contains a majority of oxidized and partially oxidized particles, and advantageously a majority of partially oxidized particles, more advantageously only partially oxidized particles.
- the partially oxidized particles are oxidized at the surface and have a non-oxidized core.
- the conductivity of the metallic filler or of the mixture of fillers, measured on the metallic powder or powders to prepare the coating solution is between 0 and 10' 8 S.rrr 1 .
- the solvent or mixture of solvents used in the context of the invention is chosen such that the coating solution is liquid under the conditions of use for coating purposes.
- the solvent may be organic in nature, it may in particular be aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, ether, ester, ketone.
- the solvent can be protic, i.e. it contains at least one hydrogen atom capable of being released in the form of a proton.
- the protic solvent is advantageously chosen from the group consisting of water, deionized water, distilled water, acidified or not, acetic acid, hydroxylated solvents such as alcohols with a short carbon chain, in particular methanol and ethanol, glycol derivatives, such as acetates and ethers, low molecular weight liquid glycols such as ethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
- an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvent, in particular xylene, is used.
- a solvent mixture which comprises at least one protic solvent, in particular water.
- a solvent mixture comprising xylene and/or ethylbenzene is used in proportions varying between 7 and 13% by weight of the coating solution.
- additives that can be used in the context of the invention, mention may in particular be made of wetting agents, plasticizers, emulsifiers, pigments, surfactants, plasticizers, stabilizing agents, rheological agents, dispersants, polymerization catalysts, drying substances.
- At least one additive of the wetting agent type, or at least one additive of the rheological agent type is used.
- the amount of additive or additive mixture present in the coating solution represents between 0.1 and 13% by mass, advantageously the amount is greater than 0.5% and less than 7%.
- the solution has, typically after its preparation, a viscosity of between 500 and 20,000 cps, preferably between 2,000 and 8,000 cps.
- the viscosity of the solution can be adapted beforehand, in particular by adding solvent, to the coating process that it is desired to implement and for example by coating, by spraying, by screen printing sheet by sheet or continuously (roll to roll).
- the coating solution can be applied to the surface of solid supports of various nature, size and shape.
- the surface can be of organic and/or inorganic nature, and also be of composite nature, it can present a significant spatial structuring at different scales.
- the solid support can have an inorganic surface which can be chosen from non-conductive materials such as SiC>2, Al2O3 and MgO. More generally, the inorganic surface of the solid support can consist, for example, of an amorphous material, such as a glass generally containing silicates or even a ceramic, as well as crystalline.
- the solid support may have an organic surface.
- organic surface mention may be made of natural polymers such as latex or rubber, or artificial polymers such as polyimide or polyamide or polyethylene derivatives, and in particular polymers having n-type bonds such as polymers bearing ethylenic bonds. , carbonyl groups, in particular polyaryletherketones, in particular polyetherketones (generally known under the term PEK) or polyetheretherketones (generally known under the term PEEK), imine. It is also possible to apply the method to more complex organic surfaces such as surfaces comprising polysaccharides, such as cellulose for wood or paper, artificial or natural fibers, such as cotton or felt.
- the solid support can be composed of an assembly of smaller solid supports which are assembled and held together due to mechanical stresses.
- the solid support consists of an assembly of natural fibers, such as linen, hemp or cotton, or artificial fibers such as glass or carbon fibers.
- the surface of the solid support on which the coating solution is applied is electrically insulating, in particular with an electrical conductivity of between 0 and 10' 8 S.rrr 1 , it may in particular be a surface composed of polymer such as polyimides, PEK or PEEK.
- the coating solution is advantageously used on solid supports whose size scale varies in a first dimension from a few millimeters to a few hundred millimeters and in the other two dimensions up to several meters, and whose surface can extend on the same scales. These are typically solid supports such as rigid plastics.
- the coating solution is advantageously used on solid supports whose size scale varies in a first dimension from a few microns to a few hundred microns and in the other two dimensions from a few millimeters up to a few hundred meters, and whose surface can extend on the same scales. These are typically solid supports such as flexible plastics.
- the present invention also relates to the process for preparing the coating solutions previously described.
- the preparation can be done by mixing the polyurethane prepolymers with the additives used in the solvent, then by adding metallic fillers.
- the invention also relates to a method for preparing a conductive film precursor film on a solid support which comprises the following steps:
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing a conductive film on a solid support which comprises the following steps:
- the method also comprises a step of extracting the solvent from the coating solution.
- This step can in particular be achieved by air circulation, heating or evaporation. It is advantageously carried out in such a way that no significant quantity of solvent remains and/or that the quantity of solvent present at the end of the process in the conductive film is stable under the conditions of use of the coated support.
- the solution can be applied or coated on the surface of the solid support according to the various methods well known to those skilled in the art, in particular by dipping (immersion-emersion, called “dipping"), centrifugation ( spinning), sprinkling or spraying (spray), projection (inkjet, spraying), screen printing (stencils, squeegee and perforated roller acting as a physical mask), transfer or painting (brush, roller, roller to roller, felt brush, stamp, rotogravure, clichés (flexography)), impregnation, sizing.
- dipping immersion-emersion, called “dipping”
- centrifugation spinning
- sprinkling or spraying spray
- projection inkjet, spraying
- screen printing stencils, squeegee and perforated roller acting as a physical mask
- transfer or painting brush, roller, roller to roller, felt brush, stamp, rotogravure, clichés (flexography)
- impregnation sizing.
- the thickness of the coating solution layer which is deposited is between 0.1 and 500 ⁇ m and preferably between 5 and 200 ⁇ m.
- the zone or zones on the surface of the support on which the coating solution is deposited form a pattern which is predetermined.
- the deposition is then carried out by a controlled metering or dispensing method or takes advantage of a physical mask, for example in the case of dipping or roll-to-roll, to define all or part of the pattern.
- step 2 and the solvent extraction step are carried out simultaneously.
- the method comprises a step of crosslinking treatment of the polymerizable composition, which can for example be implemented using UV-visible radiation (100 to 780 nm), or close infrared (approximately 780 to 2500 nm), by the use of a thermal oven or a flow of hot air.
- the duration of this crosslinking is generally between 1 and 30 minutes and preferably between 10 and 20 minutes.
- the crosslinking step corresponds to step 2 and that of solvent extraction.
- the method includes an irradiation step at a wavelength of between 100 and 2500 nm.
- the duration of the irradiation is generally comprised according to the wavelength between 0.1 and 50 ps for ultraviolet radiation and between 1 and 5 min for infrared radiation.
- the irradiation step takes place in step 2 and that of extraction of the solvent.
- the reducing treatment generally corresponds to a photonic, thermal or chemical treatment.
- the reducing treatment corresponds to a chemical reduction in the presence of a reducing agent such as formaldehyde, hypophosphite, hydrazine or glucose.
- the conductive films obtained by applying the method implementing a reducing treatment typically have a conductivity of between 1.1.10 5 to 1.10 6 S.rrr 1 .
- the method includes a step of thermoforming the solid support.
- Thermoforming is a technique that consists of using a solid support, preferably in flat form, heating it to soften it, and taking advantage of this ductility to shape it with a mould. The material hardens as it cools, keeping that shape.
- the thermoforming step is carried out after an irradiation step.
- the precursor films of conductive films and the conductive films obtained by application of the process typically have a value of 0 in the adhesion test by grid according to the ISO2409 standard.
- the invention also relates to:
- PE polyethylene
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PI polyimide
- PPE polyphenylene ether
- PEK PEK
- PC polycarbonate
- synthetic paper synthetic paper and others for simplified manufacturing, e.g. by a roll-to-roll printing method, radio frequency antennas, actuators and detectors, to prepare electromagnetic shielding zones, heating tracks on objects of complex shape, for example by coating, in the field of multifunctional composite materials.
- the invention can also be used in the automotive field as an electrical connection means to eliminate vehicle wiring.
- the invention has many advantages and for different aspects compared to the prior art, among them:
- the conductive film precursor coating solutions according to the invention have a particularly long life under simple storage conditions thanks to the presence of protective groups; they do not require the preparation of mixtures during their use and are directly applicable to solid supports;
- the invention allows the use of commercial metal powders as they are, which are generally oxidized, and for which it is not necessary to implement an additional preparation step such as grinding or laser activation;
- the conductive film precursor coating solutions can be used on solid supports of variable shapes and volumes, and more generally on three-dimensional solid supports;
- the preparation of a conductive film precursor film on the surface of a solid support can be carried out by deposition and simple heating or UV or IR irradiation;
- the conductive films which are obtained thanks to the invention have remarkable properties such as superior adhesion and excellent conductivity;
- the conductivity of the conductive films obtained is easily adjustable thanks to the material used and the control provided by the invention on the thickness of the conductive film;
- the invention can be used in the sector of additive technologies
- the solid supports obtained by the methods of the invention are recyclable after elimination of the conductive films or the precursor films of conductive films.
- Figure 1 is a representation of a view of the surface of a solid support (1) coated with a conductive film (2) according to the invention; the conductive film was prepared to form meanders on the surface.
- Figure 2 is a representation of the sectional view, along the axis A-A, of the surface of a solid support (1) coated with a conductive film (2) according to the invention.
- Figure 3 shows a surface temperature curve (°C) obtained from a glass textile fiber support (60x130 mm) coated with a conductive film forming meanders on its surface ( Figure 1) at which a current DC is applied (1A per track under 3V); the measurement was taken along the axis shown A-A in Figure 2, the edge-to-edge distance (d) is expressed in mm.
- °C surface temperature curve
- FIG. 4 is an exploded view representation of a PZE sensor (for Piezoelectric) made on a solid support (1) comprising two layers of electrodes 41, 43, at least one of which is made by forming a film conductor according to the invention and a layer of piezoelectric printed ink 42 between these two layers of electrodes 41, 43.
- a PZE sensor for Piezoelectric
- Example 1 Preparation of a coating solution.
- Different coating solutions were prepared by first mixing at room temperature in the solvent a polymerizable composition comprising protected polyurethane prepolymers, as well as any resins, to the additives used then by the addition of metallic fillers.
- Example 2 deposition of the solution on support and preparation of films
- Example 2.1 precursor films of conductive films
- Example 1 The solutions obtained according to Example 1 were deposited on the surface of various supports, of variable size, using three different deposition methods: dispenser, screen printing and spraying.
- Composite material is made up for 2/3 of mineral fillers and 1/3 of acrylic resin such as the composite material known under the trade name Corian ®,
- Thermoplastic polyamide such as PA 6, PA 6.6, PA 11, PA 12, or nylon.
- - S3 Material from the Polyethylene family, such as polyethylene terephthalate (or PET) or ethylene polynaptalate (or PEN),
- Material from the polypropylene family for example Polyphenylene ether (or PPE) or Polyphenylene sulfide (or PPS).
- Example 2.2 obtaining conductive films by reducing treatment
- Example 2.1 The solid supports obtained in Example 2.1 then underwent a reducing treatment according to the following protocol: the coated support was immersed in a copper-reducing solution containing a reducing agent (formaldehyde, hypophosphite, hydrazine or glucose ).
- a reducing agent formaldehyde, hypophosphite, hydrazine or glucose
- Said coating has, depending on the duration of treatment applied, a conductivity of between 1.1 ⁇ 10 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 6 S.rrr 1 .
- Example 2.3 obtaining conductive films by depositing a metallic layer by chemical and/or electrochemical means
- the coating solution After deposition on a defined substrate, the coating solution then underwent chemical and/or electrochemical copper deposition. For example, a chemical copper deposit of 1 ⁇ m is obtained after 20 min of immersion in a chemical reduction bath. The thickness of the electrochemical copper deposit is controlled by the experimental parameters controlling the electrochemical bath (temperature, current density, agitation).
- Example 3 qualification of conductive films
- the films present on the supports obtained at the end of example 2 were subjected to the adhesion test by grid according to the ISO2409 standard: this test makes it possible to qualify the mechanical behavior of a coating on a support.
- the films were cross-cut at right angles until they reached the backing to form a grid.
- the adhesion level of each film was evaluated by comparison with normalized reference images representing the degree of degradation. A value of 0 was obtained for the different films, this value corresponds, according to the standard applied, to films that are completely adherent, each to their support.
- Example 3.2 ampacity test and comparison
- the electrical performance of the films present on the supports obtained at the end of Example 2 was determined according to the IPC-2221 standard (Generic Printed Circuit Design Standard) which involves measurements of ampacity or capacity to carry current. electric.
- the reference support is a plate of FR-4 (abbreviation of English Flame Resistant 4), a material commonly used for the manufacture of printed circuit boards consisting of a composite material of epoxy resin reinforced with fiberglass.
- the "thickness" column specifies the thickness of conductive film that has been prepared.
- the ampacity measurements (in amperes) carried out (AR) on the coating solution comprising an additional layer of chemical and electrochemical copper show that this combination makes it possible to reach ampacity values close to the theoretical values (AT). Indeed, the ampacity obtained is between 65 and 85% of the ampacity of rolled copper, this being for a temperature rise of 10°C.
- the heat dissipation of the films present on the supports obtained at the end of example 2 (2.3) was determined by depositing the supports on two substrates respectively having a thermal conductivity of 2 and 3 W/mK and applying a voltage of 10 V and a limiting current of 50 mA for 20 min.
- the results show a heat dissipation gain of 60 to 80% depending on the support compared to a conventional circuit on FR-4 substrate.
- Resistive heating tracks (according to example 2.3) were made directly on the surface of flexible supports or, conversely, on rigid supports 12 mm thick.
- the coating solution was deposited using a numerically controlled pneumatic dispenser to form meanders, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, of electrical tracks (2) over the entire surface to be functionalized (1).
- the controlled application of a conductive copper film by chemical means has made it possible to obtain a favorable resistivity to release heat by Joule effect with very low voltages. Indeed, a surface temperature of 75°C was reached with a voltage lower than 12 V (direct current) on a 60x130 mm glass textile substrate, as illustrated in Figure 3 which presents a temperature measurement curve by IR camera. The heat density obtained on this embodiment reaches 780 W/m 2 .
- the support and the metal deposit have a total thickness of 600 ⁇ m and tolerate bending around a radius of 5 mm.
- CMS resistance, sensor
- the conductivity levels of the multi-layered material were modulated by using different coating solutions including or not including metallic layers and varying thicknesses.
- the resistivity given to the conductive film has made it possible here to avoid oversizing the power supply compared to the use of a circuit traditional print that requires much stronger currents to release the same heat.
- the coating solution allows adhesion on many plastic substrates, it has been tested for the production of light electromagnetic shielding materials.
- the plastic supports coated with precursor films of conductive films benefited from a metal deposition by chemical/electrochemical means according to the protocol of example 2.3.
- metals that have been deposited Cu, Ni, NiCu, NiFe, NiFeMo (permalloy), mu-metal, supermalloy.
- Tests carried out on the coating solution with a copper metal reinforcement regardless of its thickness showed an attenuation of 70 dB for frequencies between 0.5 and 3 GHz.
- PZE sensors also called “piezoelectric sensors”
- PZE sensors can be particularly advantageous on solid supports for the manufacture of structures of hybrid materials, for example for the manufacture of tanks or body parts to measure and record the pressures undergone by said structure.
- PZE sensors allow the detection of elastic deformation of a surface thanks to the piezoelectric properties of this type of sensor.
- hybrid materials is meant a composite material, preferably a material comprising at least one organic material and one inorganic material.
- the hybrid material can include a resin, fibers and/or a honeycomb structure.
- the inorganic material can be chosen from non-conductive materials such as SiC>2, Al2O3 and MgO. More generally, the inorganic material can be chosen from amorphous materials, such as a glass generally containing silicates or even a ceramic, as well as crystalline materials.
- PZE sensors make it possible to control the state of a structure, to detect and predict their failure. PZE sensors can thus ensure the safety and reliability of composite structures by implementing an array of piezoelectric sensors integrated into the composite structure to analyze the deformation as well as the echoes of vibratory waves and the variation of electromechanical impedance.
- Said sensor 4 comprises a solid support 1.
- Said solid support 1 can comprise a layer of a wall for which it is desired to measure the pressures and/or the deformation stresses suffered.
- it can be a layer of a composite structure of a tank wall, an aeronautical part wall, a car body layer.
- the solid support 1 comprises a first network of metal electrodes 41 produced by the method according to the invention.
- the first network of electrodes comprises a plurality of electrodes and each electrode is connected to a conductive terminal 44 by a connection track 45.
- the first network of electrodes is preferably produced by forming a conductive film on the solid support 1 by the process according to the invention.
- the electrodes of the first network of electrodes are preferably electrically isolated from each other.
- Sensor 4 further comprises a plurality of piezoelectric cells 42, preferably of piezoelectric polymers. These piezoelectric polymer cells 42 are preferably deposited by printing. Each cell 42 is applied to an electrode of the first electrode network 41 . Each piezoelectric cell is isolated from each other. A serial connection mode can also be used.
- the dimensions of the piezoelectric cell are greater than the dimensions of the electrode on which it is arranged.
- the piezoelectric cell is arranged on an electrode so as to completely cover the surface of said electrode.
- the sensor 4 finally comprises a second network of electrodes 43.
- Each electrode of the second network of electrodes is arranged above each piezoelectric cell so as to create a sandwich structure in which the piezoelectric cell is between an electrode 41 of the first network and an electrode 43 of the second network.
- the second network of electrodes comprises metal electrodes produced by the formation of a conductive film on a second solid support (not shown) by the deposition process according to the invention.
- the second solid support may be a temporary solid support which will not be retained in the final structure.
- the second network of electrodes comprises metal electrodes produced on each piezoelectric cell by the method of forming a conductive film according to the invention on each piezoelectric cell.
- the second array of electrodes can be formed by any other method known to those skilled in the art.
- the assembly of the second network of electrodes can be carried out by adhesive techniques of conductive films.
- the electrodes of the second network of electrodes 43 are electrically connected to each other in series by connection tracks 47 and are connected in series to a connection terminal 46.
- the electrodes of the second network of electrodes are electrically isolated from each other to be individually connected to a multiple conductive terminal similarly to the electrodes of the first network of electrodes 41 .
- connection terminals 44 of the first network of electrodes are preferably electrically connected to a device for measuring current, charge and/or electric voltage, for example via a flexible cable.
- Said measuring device also connected to the second network of electrodes, thus makes it possible to measure the properties of the current generated by each piezoelectric cell.
- the piezoelectric cell makes it possible to generate a current when it is mechanically deformed. Consequently, a stress in deformation of the wall at the level of the sensor will be detected and localized by the measuring device.
- the piezoelectric cell preferably comprises a piezoelectric polymer, the advantage of which is to be light and easy to print on the first array of electrodes.
- the piezoelectric polymer can include polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF). PVDF is a viscoelastic, semi-crystalline piezoelectric material.
- the PDVF used is a so-called beta crystal PDVF.
- the advantage of this crystallinity is a better piezoelectric effect of the polymer. Indeed, in this crystalline structure, all the dipoles of the polymer are aligned in the same direction. This crystalline structure can therefore generate the greatest spontaneous polarization, and exhibits important ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties.
- the PVDF copolymer with trifluoroethylene is used.
- TeFE trifluoroethylene
- P(VDF-TrFE) poly(vinyldenefluoride-co-trifluoroethyl- lene
- any other type of compound having sufficient piezoelectric properties can also be used, for example in the form of an ink, in particular certain inks or materials comprising BaTiOs.
- Such a sensor 4 advantageously makes it possible to be mounted in composite structures without having to add additional support layers for the electrodes or the piezoelectric cell and makes it possible to measure the mechanical performance of the composite structure.
- Such a sensor can advantageously be used to detect the mechanical stresses undergone by materials on aircraft structures.
- Such a structure can also be used as a strain gauge, shock sensor, vibration sensor or strain sensor.
- such a sensor is particularly advantageous in wind turbine blades for determining material fatigue.
- such a sensor can be implemented or integrated into a system for detecting the presence and position of a person, for example when such sensors are integrated into a floor slab or a floor slab.
- PZE sensors can be used in energy harvesting. Indeed, PZE sensors can harvest the energy available in the structural environment from vibrations, thermal gradients or solar radiation and transform it into storable electrical energy.
- said structure may comprise energy conservation means and is designed to supply said energy conservation means with electrical energy generated by a PZE sensor during its deformation.
- such a structure can also be used in reverse.
- a current can be applied to the piezoelectric cells to cause the piezoelectric cells to change in size.
- a structure may comprise a combination of the described cells, some used as sensors and others used to cause a change in cell dimensions by the application of a current. This combined mode advantageously makes it possible to detect pressure and automatically generate a response from a nearby cell to at least partially counteract this pressure.
- such a structure may comprise a plurality of piezoelectric cells mounted as a sensor and at least one piezoelectric cell mounted as an actuator.
- Tracks of conductive film were made directly on the surface of flexible supports or conversely on rigid supports so as to create a spiral for the production of an NFC antenna (for "Near Field Communication ".
- an antenna formed by tracks of conductive film (copper) of substantially rectangular shape and comprising 5 turns was produced on a flexible support.
- the return loss was measured at 1.87dB.
- Antennas made by forming conductive film tracks obtained by the process according to the invention can be used for RFID, NFC or UHF (“Ultra High Frequency”) applications.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US18/254,499 US20240010851A1 (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-20 | Conductive film precursor coating solution, method for preparing such a solution and method for preparing a coated support for a conductive film |
EP21839222.3A EP4267644A1 (fr) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-20 | Solution de revêtement précurseur de films conducteurs, procédé de préparation d'une telle solution et procédé de préparation d'un support revêtu d'un film conducteur |
CA3200091A CA3200091A1 (fr) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-20 | Solution de revetement precurseur de films conducteurs, procede de preparation d'une telle solution et procede de preparation d'un support revetu d'un film conducteur |
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FR2014037A FR3118050B1 (fr) | 2020-12-23 | 2020-12-23 | Solution de revêtement précurseur de films conducteurs, procédé de préparation d’une telle solution et procédé de préparation d’un support revêtu d’un film conducteur |
FRFR2014037 | 2020-12-23 |
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US (1) | US20240010851A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4267644A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3200091A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3118050B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022136309A1 (fr) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0437979A2 (fr) * | 1989-12-28 | 1991-07-24 | Parker Hannifin Corporation | Revêtement inhibiteur de la corrosion pour le blindage contre les interférences d'ondes électromagnétiques et méthode de son utilisation |
US10154585B2 (en) | 2011-05-18 | 2018-12-11 | Toda Kogyo Corporation | Process for producing conductive coating film, and conductive coating film |
-
2020
- 2020-12-23 FR FR2014037A patent/FR3118050B1/fr active Active
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2021
- 2021-12-20 CA CA3200091A patent/CA3200091A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-12-20 EP EP21839222.3A patent/EP4267644A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-12-20 WO PCT/EP2021/086870 patent/WO2022136309A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-12-20 US US18/254,499 patent/US20240010851A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0437979A2 (fr) * | 1989-12-28 | 1991-07-24 | Parker Hannifin Corporation | Revêtement inhibiteur de la corrosion pour le blindage contre les interférences d'ondes électromagnétiques et méthode de son utilisation |
US10154585B2 (en) | 2011-05-18 | 2018-12-11 | Toda Kogyo Corporation | Process for producing conductive coating film, and conductive coating film |
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CA3200091A1 (fr) | 2022-06-30 |
EP4267644A1 (fr) | 2023-11-01 |
US20240010851A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
FR3118050A1 (fr) | 2022-06-24 |
FR3118050B1 (fr) | 2022-12-09 |
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