WO2022129554A1 - Procede et systeme de protection contre les surcharges - Google Patents

Procede et systeme de protection contre les surcharges Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022129554A1
WO2022129554A1 PCT/EP2021/086546 EP2021086546W WO2022129554A1 WO 2022129554 A1 WO2022129554 A1 WO 2022129554A1 EP 2021086546 W EP2021086546 W EP 2021086546W WO 2022129554 A1 WO2022129554 A1 WO 2022129554A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
power
overload protection
current
grid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/086546
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ju Chen
Stephan Scherer
Michael Scherer
Original Assignee
Craftstrom Limited
MOEHLEN, Christian
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Craftstrom Limited, MOEHLEN, Christian filed Critical Craftstrom Limited
Publication of WO2022129554A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022129554A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
    • H02J3/00125—Transmission line or load transient problems, e.g. overvoltage, resonance or self-excitation of inductive loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current additionally responsive to some other abnormal electrical conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
    • H02J13/0004—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/06—Arrangements for supplying operative power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/44—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to the rate of change of electrical quantities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • H02J2310/14—The load or loads being home appliances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/221—General power management systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/242—Home appliances

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overload protection method and system for preventing overload in situations wherein a local power source is plugged into a power outlet of a home grid or other small-scale energy grid.
  • the method and system are particularly advantageous for use in a home environment, such as in an apartment or a house, in which at least one local energy source, at least one energy storage device, and a plurality of energy consuming devices are all plugged in to a same home energy grid.
  • the proposed method and system may ensure that such plug- and-play local energy sources may be used while complying with local safety regulations.
  • the solar panels, or other local energy sources may be installed by a specialized technician, but so-called “plug&play” solutions, in which a user can simply plug the panels into an existing electrical power socket/outlet, have also been proposed. Note that in the description below, solar panels are used as an exemplary system, but this is not intended to exclude other types of local, independent energy sources, such as for instance systems based on wind energy.
  • the solar panels and the energy storage system are generally connected in series, to ensure that together, they function as an energy source with a more reliable and stable production: if the energy produced by the solar panels and stored in the battery is less than is required by the energy consuming devices, it will be supplemented from the public grid; if the solar panel produces more than is required by the energy consuming devices, this excess energy will first be used to charge the battery, and only put back into the public grid if the battery is full; and if the solar panel does not yield any energy (for instance at night) but there is still energy in the battery, this will be available to the energy consuming devices.
  • This system in principle, works fairly well.
  • Safety may be an issue with such local energy sources (which term also includes batteries in their discharging state) because they may be plugged into various power outlets located in various positions in the home grid, and may therefore deliver power to a power a central control area, such as a fuse box, breaker panel and/or meter installation.
  • a central control area such as a fuse box, breaker panel and/or meter installation.
  • such a system may not be able to detect all potentially dangerous situations in a situation wherein local power sources are plugged into a power outlet. For instance, if a heavy load (e.g. a hairdryer) is plugged into a power outlet close to a power outlet through which power from a local power source is provided, an overload may occur in the (relatively short) length of wiring between the local power source and the heavy load, without significantly impacting the current occurring at the breaker panel / fuse box / other central control point.
  • a heavy load e.g. a hairdryer
  • an overload protection method for a local power source supplying power to a home energy grid comprising the following steps: measuring voltage variations occurring in a circuit connected between the AC side of a power inverter of the local power source and the point at which power is supplied to the home grid; determining whether the voltage variations satisfy a preset criterion; and discontinuing power supply to the power outlet if the voltage variation satisfies the pre-set condition.
  • the local power source is of the type that may be plugged directly into a power outlet of the home grid, and the voltage variations occurring in a circuit connected between the AC side of a power inverter of the local power source and the power outlet are measured.
  • the AC side indicates the output side of an inverter which converts direct current, DC, into alternating current, AC. It is noted that the present method could conceivably be applied at any point at which AC power is input into a home grid, and could also be applied in case AC power is instead going from a home grid to a local device plugged into this home grid. Generally, “the AC side” has at least a live terminal and a neutral terminal; generally a ground terminal is also included, though this terminal is not described in detail in this application.
  • the preset criterion which may be a single criterion but may also be a collection of a plurality of criteria, or even a more complex assessment, preferably is selected such that the voltage variations satisfying the preset criterion indicates an overload or a risk of overload.
  • the criterion may be different depending on the application scenario; the criterion may also be determined in consideration of local safety regulations.
  • the preset criterion will likely comprise the voltage variations including a voltage jump that exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the steepness of the voltage jump may also be a factor, in which case the criterion may comprise the derivative of the voltage over time exceeding a certain value. Other factors, or combinations of factors, may also be considered.
  • jump is not limited to a sudden increase or surge; the abnormality in many cases also occurs as a sudden drop instead, and may also be a more complex fluctuation, such as a drop followed by a surge or vice versa.
  • Jump “fluctuation”, “variation” and similar words should be taken to describe any sudden, non-negligible change which is indicative of an issue, in particular an overload.
  • At least one value representative of the voltage of a current flowing between a part of the circuit connected to a live terminal of the power inverter and another part of the circuit connected to a neutral terminal of the power inverter may be continuously measured or repeatedly sampled. If a sampling method is used, the sampling is preferably frequent enough to be able to detect sudden and/or brief fluctuations. Preferably, the sampling is performed at least every 1ms.
  • the method may comprise calculating a difference between a value measured or sampled at a first point in time and a value measured or sampled at a second, earlier point in time, wherein the first point in time and the second point in time are separated by a predetermined time interval.
  • the time interval may for instance be on the order of 1 ms, so that sudden and/or brief variations may be detected.
  • Determining whether the voltage variations satisfy a preset criterion comprises determining if the calculated difference exceeds a predetermined threshold. Note that “exceeding” here may mean a value being higher than the threshold, but depending on the configuration could also mean a value being lower than the threshold, or that the absolute value of the value is higher than the threshold.
  • the difference will be zero or close to zero as long as the voltage stays substantially constant, but will deviate from zero if the voltage changes substantially in the predetermined time interval.
  • the predetermined offset is preferably determined based on the predetermined threshold: this can be done in such a way that a variation caused by an abnormal situation will lead to the difference between the first value at the first point in time and the second value at the second, earlier point in time changing from negative to positive, or vice versa.
  • an offset of lOOmV may be used. Such changes may be particularly easy to detect in a reliable manner.
  • various alternatives can of course be considered, including making use of more than two values and/or more than one delay to allow for more sophisticated determinations.
  • Discontinuing power supply to the home grid may for instance be achieved by operating a switch such as to interrupt a path for current flow in the circuit between the AC side of the power inverter of the local power source and the home grid, in particular between the AC side of the power inverter of the local power source and the power outlet.
  • a switch such as to interrupt a path for current flow in the circuit between the AC side of the power inverter of the local power source and the home grid, in particular between the AC side of the power inverter of the local power source and the power outlet.
  • a switch such as to interrupt a path for current flow in the circuit between the AC side of the power inverter of the local power source and the home grid, in particular between the AC side of the power inverter of the local power source and the power outlet.
  • other alternatives could also be considered.
  • Power supply may be resumed upon receiving a user input, for instance a press on a reset button, but also potentially a remote command. It may also be possible to automatically resume power supply after a set time; note that if the overload condition then still exists, this would preferably be detected once again via the claimed method and would result in the power supply being re-interrupted.
  • the local power source may be a solar energy system, as described in more detail below; however, the method is also applicable to any other kind of local power source which supplies power directly to a home grid, in particular by being plugged into a power outlet, including an energy storage system (e.g comprising one or more batteries) capable both of receiving power from the home grid and of supplying stored power to the home grid; in that case, the method is preferably only used when the energy storage system is supplying power to the home grid; note that this may not require additional configuration, since the voltage jumps may be unlikely to occur in situations where the energy storage system is receiving power instead. However, in some embodiments some or all steps of the method may be implemented also to increase safety when the energy storage system is receiving power from the home grid.
  • an energy storage system e.g comprising one or more batteries
  • the invention further relates to an overload protection system for a local power source supplying power to or capable of supplying power to a home energy grid, for instance by being plugged into a power outlet of the home grid.
  • This system comprises at least two input terminals, configured to be connected to a live terminal and a neutral terminal of a power inverter of a local power source to receive alternating current, AC; at least two output terminals, configured to be connected to a live terminal and a neutral terminal of a connection point of a home grid to supply AC power thereto, preferably through a power outlet of the home grid, and a circuit connecting the at least two input terminals and the at least two output terminals.
  • the system further comprises at least one voltage sensor configured to measure voltage variations occurring in the circuit, and at least one switch capable of enabling or disabling the supply of current through the output terminals.
  • a control unit is also provided, configured to receive voltage information from the at least one voltage sensor, and to control the at least one switch to disable the supply of current through the output terminals if the voltage information satisfies a preset criterion.
  • the control unit is connected to the voltage sensor: this may be a simple electrical connection, with the voltage sensor outputting a voltage representative for the measured voltage, but could also involve more sophisticated communication allowing the control unit to get information regarding the measured voltage.
  • the control unit is also connected to the at least one switch in such a way as to enable control.
  • the control unit may for instance be embodied as a printed circuit board, PCB.
  • the control unit may advantageously operate using power circulating through the circuit, appropriate modified to be usable for the control unit, for instance using a DC- DC isolated power supply optionally in combination with a step-down unit; however, it may also be powered in a different way, for instance using a battery.
  • the system further comprises a user input means connected to the control unit, to allow a user to resume power supply.
  • the control unit is further configured to control the at least one switch to re-enable the supply of current through the output terminals based on a user input received through the user input means.
  • the user input means may be as simply as a button, for instance a pressable button, but may also be more sophisticated, for instance to allow remote control.
  • the system may also include output means informing the user of an operating state of the system.
  • These output means may include one or a plurality of light-emitting diodes, or may be more sophisticated; they may also include a communication unit to wirelessly transmit information to a user device.
  • the voltage sensor may comprise a voltage mutual inductance coupling comprising a first coil and a second coil, configured such that current of which the voltage is to be measured through the first coil induces a current with a reduced proportional voltage in the second coil; a rectifier filter unit configured to obtain a direct current, DC, with a value representative for the reduced proportional voltage, and to provide this value to the control unit and optionally to a delay unit.
  • a relatively small DC voltage value may be obtained which is representative for the voltage to be measured. In particular, this value will remain substantially constant as long as no significant variations occur.
  • the control unit may comprise a differential voltage trigger unit configured to calculate a difference between a value representative for the voltage measured at a first point in time and a value measured at a second, earlier point in time, wherein the first point in time and the second point in time are separated by a predetermined time interval, and to control the at least one switch to switch to disable the supply of current through the output terminals if the calculated difference exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • a differential voltage trigger unit configured to calculate a difference between a value representative for the voltage measured at a first point in time and a value measured at a second, earlier point in time, wherein the first point in time and the second point in time are separated by a predetermined time interval, and to control the at least one switch to switch to disable the supply of current through the output terminals if the calculated difference exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the predetermined time interval should be short enough to be able to detect the sudden and/or brief variations which can be indicative of an issue, for instance of the order of 1 ms.
  • the threshold may be of the order of 100 mV, and/or may be set such that variations of that order can be detected. “Exceeds” need not mean that the value is higher than the threshold, but could also mean that it is lower than a certain threshold, or that the absolute value is higher than a certain value.
  • control unit may include various other elements, such as in particular resistors, to further modify the value(s) as described in more detail above.
  • the system preferably comprises a delay unit configured to transmit a value representative for the voltage to the differential voltage trigger unit with a delay corresponding to the predetermined time interval.
  • This value may for instance be obtained from a rectifier filter unit as described earlier.
  • the control unit may further comprise a trigger locking unit communicatively coupled to the user input means and configured, once the supply of current is disabled, to control the at least one switch to keep the supply of current disabled until a user input is received.
  • a trigger locking unit communicatively coupled to the user input means and configured, once the supply of current is disabled, to control the at least one switch to keep the supply of current disabled until a user input is received.
  • the system may further comprise at least one current sensor, and the control unit may be configured to receive information representative for the measured current from the at least one current sensor.
  • the at least one current sensor may comprise a Hall magnetic sensor configured to measure the current in the circuit; preferably, the Hall magnetic sensor is then configured to output a signal with a voltage representative for the measured current to the control unit, which allows for a very simply and compact circuit design.
  • control unit is preferably configured to control the switch to determine whether to disable the supply of current through the at least one output terminal based on the voltage information received from the at least one voltage sensor and the information representative for the measured current received from the at least one current sensor. For instance, the determination based only on voltage information may be ‘vetted’ based on the measured current value; various other possibilities are also possible to find the optimal balance between increasing safety and avoiding unnecessary interruptions of the power supply.
  • the at least one switch may for instance comprise a relay switch; however, the skilled person will be aware of many alternative ways to interrupt a power supply.
  • the input terminals may be configured so as to allow plugging in of a local energy source of the plug-and-play type, and the output terminals are included in or are connected to a plug capable of being plugged into a power outlet of the home grid.
  • the specifics of this will depend on the intended territory of use for the system, since different regions use different types of power plugs and outlets. Providing the system as such a standalone unit, which can be easily inserted between a plug&play local energy source and a power outlet into which it would otherwise be directly plugged, makes it possible to use it to improve the safety of any existing plug&play local energy sources.
  • the system is then provided in a housing with both a plug (either on the housing or at the end of a cable) and a power outlet (which may similarly be provided on the housing or at the end of a cable), allowing a user to easily install it, in combination with a local energy source of their choice.
  • the system may be replaced without the local energy source needing to be replaced as well, that it may be reused, etc.
  • the system is configured such that the input terminals may also be used to output power and vice versa, so that it may be used with energy storage systems which function as a power source or a power drain, depending on the situation.
  • the system may be configured to detect overloads in both situations, or at least to provide some safety features also when power is flowing from the output terminals to the input terminals.
  • the system may be integrated with the power inverter of the local energy source, preferably at the output side thereof.
  • the local energy source may for instance a solar energy system or an energy storage system capable both of receiving power from the home grid and of supplying stored power to the home grid.
  • Local energy sources in which the proposed overload protection system is integrated may increase safety, since the user does not get the option to install the local power source without the overload protection system. Note that if the system is integrated, more sophisticated control may also be possible, for instance by the system comprising a plurality of voltage sensors measuring voltages at different places in the local energy source, and comparing multiple measured voltage variations to determine whether the power supply should be interrupted.
  • the system may comprise a power supply module configured to transform AC power received through the input terminal to provide DC operating power to the control unit.
  • a power supply may for instance comprise a DC-DC isolated power supply and optionally a step-down unit, as described in more detail below.
  • the system may additionally comprise one or more fuse components configured to limit the current input to the system (and thus also the current output by the system).
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a system comprising a local energy source as well as an energy storage system plugged into a home grid, for which the claimed method and system may be advantageous;
  • Fig. 2 shows some of the elements included in such a system for which the claimed method and system may be advantageous
  • Fig. 3 shows a front view of individual elements of an example of an energy storage system of which the safety may be increased by the proposed method and system;
  • Fig. 4 shows the energy storage system of Fig. 3 in bird’ s eye perspective, including more batteries and cable connections between several elements;
  • Fig. 5 shows the energy storage system of Fig. 3 in assembled form
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of a local energy source of which the safety may be increased by the proposed method and system, specifically a solar panel;
  • Fig. 7 shows a simplified diagram of an embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 8A shows a slightly more detailed system diagram of an embodiment of the system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 8B shows another, particularly advantageous embodiment of a system according to the invention
  • Fig. 8C is the same diagram with additional indications of the direction of power and signal flow in a situation wherein power is supplied by a local energy source;
  • Fig. 8D shows a possible implementation for a voltage mutual inductance coupling which can be used in the embodiment shown in Fig. 8C and Fig. 8D;
  • Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating the method according to the invention.
  • the overload protection method and system according to the invention may be particularly advantageous in situations wherein there are various power sources in a home grid; an example is explained in detail at the hand of figures 1-6, which system is also described in European patent application no. 18212041.0, from the same applicant.
  • the proposed system and method are not limited to these systems, and can be used in conjunction with many different types of local energy sources plugged into (or capable of being plugged into) a power outlet of the home grid, or which provide power to a home grid in some different way.
  • Fig. 1 shows a home grid 200. Plugged into this home grid are local energy source 10, for instance a solar panel system, which comprises a first communication unit 11; an energy storage system 20, which comprises a second communication unit 21; and a plurality of energy consuming devices 50, 60, and 70, wherein one of the energy consuming devices 50 is a “smart” device including a communication unit 51.
  • Home grid 200 is connected to the public grid 1 via a smart meter 40, which also comprises a communication unit 41.
  • Fig. 1 also depicts a user device 80, comprising a communication unit 81, a processing unit 82, an input unit 83, and a display 84.
  • This device could for instance be a smart phone or tablet, but is not limited thereto.
  • a user can access information, such as information about current, past, and/or predicted energy production; information about current, past, and/or predicted energy usage by the energy consuming devices; information about current, past and/or predicted charging state of the energy storage system; etc.
  • the user device may also allow a user to put in preferences about energy allocation. This may take many forms: it could be that a user can simply input commands for the energy storage system and optionally smart devices directly, but other options are also possible, for instance inputting a weighting of factors to be taken into account by the control unit.
  • Fig. 1 further shows control unit 30, comprising a communication unit 31 and a processing unit 32.
  • this control unit is depicted symbolically as being part of “the cloud”, 100.
  • a local control unit 30 may also (alternately or additionally) be used.
  • the communication unit 81 and processing unit 82 of the user device may also constitute or be part of the control unit.
  • control unit may in fact consist of several communicatively coupled control units: for instance, the energy storage system may have a processing unit and be able to perform some control itself, based on limited input.
  • the energy storage system may comprise an inverter including a further control unit configured for controlling the energy allocation to at least one energy consuming devices plugged into the home grid and comprising a programmable clock, so as to define a time at which operation of the device is to start and/or maintenance of the devoice is to start.
  • a control program to be executed and to be monitored may in these cases be loaded on the further control unit, for instance via commands from control unit 30.
  • the further control unit is then configured for optimizing the control program within pre-defined limits.
  • the advantage of this architecture is that the need for transmission of data over the home network and out of the home to control unit 30 can be minimized. This minimizes the risk for failure due to malperformance of data exchange and the risk that any third non-authorized person may get access to such data on production and consumption of electricity, for instance to trace whether anybody is actually at home.
  • arrows depict information exchange directly from communication unit 31 of control unit 30 to each other the other communication devices, this is not intended to imply that communication always needs to be direct, and information may also be relayed between various communication units.
  • information within the home may be transferred to a control unit in “the cloud” via, for instance, a WLAN router, with the communication units 11, 21, 41, 51 and/or 81 may be WiFi communication units in the local area network.
  • first communication unit 11 of local energy source 10 and second communication unit 21 of energy storage system 20 may be configured to be able to communicate with each other through direct wireless communication - using such protocols as REST APIs, using Oauth2 authentication, and MQTT.
  • This direct communication may be the default for these communication units, but may also be used as a fallback if communication via the home WLAN-network is not functioning properly.
  • Fig. 2 shows some of the elements of the system in a more figurative manner.
  • Local energy source 10 consists of solar panels plus an inverter connected to a wireless communication unit 11, wherein the local energy source is plugged into a first power socket/outlet 201 of home grid 200; the energy storage system 10 is shown as a base plugged into a second power socket/outlet 202 of home grid 200 with a battery plus inverter and a wireless communication unit 21.
  • Both first wireless communication unit 11 and second wireless communication unit 21 exchange information wirelessly with WiFi router 300, which router is in communication with cloud 100, which performs the function of control unit 30.
  • User device 80 is also capable of communicating with cloud 100, can receive information about the home grid therefrom, and may also send information to cloud 100 to control energy allocation in the home grid.
  • a user plugs a local energy source, such as a solar panel, and an energy storage system, into home grid power sockets/outlets.
  • the two are coupled to a wireless data or information network, for instance a WLAN network, for provision of information to a control unit, and via the communication unit of the control unit, to a user device, such as a mobile phone.
  • a wireless data or information network for instance a WLAN network
  • Energy production data is provided to the user device and displayed to the user on the display.
  • the user may then choose whether to charge only when the local energy source, for instance a solar panel, is producing electricity, or to manually program the energy storage system to charge and discharge according to the time of day. In both cases of charge/discharge, either in connection with local energy production as chosen by time, the user can regulate the power.
  • the user may input instructions to charge the energy storage system when the local energy source is producing with 50% of capacity. This means that the energy storage system will only charge 50% of the reported power output, leaving the remaining 50% to discharge directly from the local energy source into the home grid for use in energy consuming devices plugged into the home grid.
  • the user may input, via the input unit of the user device, instructions relating to when to discharge the stored power and, again, at what power level.
  • the user may input instructions to discharge the energy storage system from 18:00 until 24:00 at 50W. Re-charging of the energy storage system will re-initiate when the local energy source starts producing energy again. Additionally or alternatively, for instance if the user has a variable electricity contract, she may choose to charge the energy storage system during a specific time period, day or night, whenever the electricity from the grid might be cheapest. Discharge then functions identically. Any energy produced by the local energy source is then used by the home grid, as energy consuming devices demand it. b.
  • This use-case is in particular relevant if a so-called “smart” meter is present in the system, wherein data from this meter, such as energy supply data, can be made available to the control unit.
  • This data may for instance be released by the power companies at the user’s behest to create a more detailed user profile. Usage data is gathered live or once a day and a comprehensive profile developed over time. Certain peaks of maximum usage are then likely to become evident. The production and storage capacities may then be used as input for an algorithm to minimize those usage peaks, depending on the available storage capacity of the energy storage system.
  • other “smart’ 7IoT devices such as smart thermostats, may also be configured to supply information to the control unit, for instance to i.
  • Fig. 3-5 show an energy storage system 20 of which the safety may be increased using the system and method according to the invention; however, the system and method may be advantageous for various other types of local energy storage solutions which may release power into a home grid.
  • the depicted energy storage system 20 is composed of several elements 23, 24, 25, 26, which are mutually electrically connected and - partly mechanically connected into an assembly.
  • Fig. 3 and 4 show the individual elements of the system 20
  • Fig. 5 shows the system 20 in an assembled state.
  • the system comprises an assembly of a base 23, a first battery 24 and a power outlet 26. Coupled thereto are any optional extra batteries 25.
  • Each such extra battery is present in a battery holder 27, which is connected by means of a cable 271 to a cable connector 234 of the base 23, and may be provided with a gripper 279.
  • the base 23 is provided in this example with the second communication unit 21. Shown in this figure is an antenna. It will be understood by a skilled person that further electrical components of the second communication unit 21 (such as a transceiver) are hidden within the base 23.
  • the base 23 furthermore comprises a controller 22 - not shown in Fig. 3-5.
  • the controller is suitably a microcontroller chip. It may be provided with a memory.
  • the base is further provided with a bottom side 231 and a top side 232. At the top side 232, a socket 233 is present to which a battery 24 can be connected. This socket 233 provides both a mechanical connection and an electrical connection so as to charge and/or discharge the battery 24.
  • the base is also provided with a cable connection to the power grid 235 via connector 236.
  • the battery 24 is typically a conventional lithium-ion battery as known in the art.
  • the battery 24 is provided with an on/off button 241 for use as an island battery, to conserve power, a display 242 and a connector 243 on its topside, onto which a further unit 26 can be provided.
  • the further unit 26 is here a power outlet unit, which comprises a socket 261 and a wireless charging plate 262.
  • the further unit 26 is also provided with a connector 263, which matches the connector 243 of the battery 24.
  • the battery 24 is furthermore provided with a grip 249.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of a solar panel which may be used as a local energy source, and of which the safety may be increased by the claimed method and system.
  • the solar panel comprises a photovoltaic array 101, a support structure 102, a cable connection to the power grid 103, and an inverter 104.
  • this particular example is not only plug-and-play, i.e. pluggable into a generic power socket using cable connection 102, but intended to be portable: it may be positioned as needed using support structure 102, which may in examples be configured to allow for a plurality of orientations of the photovoltaic array.
  • first communication unit 11 (not shown in these figures) will be incorporated into inverter 104, but it may also be a separate unit.
  • the photovoltaic typically provides DC current, which is transformed into AC current by the inverter.
  • Fig. 7 shows a simplified diagram of an embodiment of the overload protection system 90 according to the invention.
  • the system receives the AC current output by the inverter of a local energy source (which may for example may be a solar panel as shown in Fig. 6, or an energy storage system as depicted in Figs. 3-5, but also another type of local energy source supplying AC current to a home grid or other small-scale energy grid).
  • the figure shows both the live/load (INPUT-AC-L) and the neutral (INPUT-AC-N) terminals.
  • System 90 may output power to the power outlet it is plugged into, or to the home grid to which it is connected in some other way; the figure again shows both the live (OUTPUT-AC-L) and neutral (OUTPUT-AC-N) terminals.
  • terminals are labelled “input” and “output” in this and following figures according to their function when a local energy source is supplying power to the input terminals, with power when being output through the output terminals
  • preferred embodiment of the system can also be used in combination with energy storage systems such as the ones described above.
  • energy storage systems such as the ones described above.
  • the input terminals are indeed used as inputs, and the outputs as outputs, and the system provides overload protection just as it would for a local energy source such as a solar panel.
  • this power will be input via the terminals labelled in the figures as output terminals, and output via the “input” terminals.
  • Preferred embodiments of the system according to the invention are configured to allow power transfer in this reversed direction as well, and may even (as discussed above) increase safety in such situations as well.
  • a voltage sensor / voltage detection unit 92 measures the voltage in the circuit between the live and neutral branches. Note that the arrangement and connections in Fig. 7are not intended to reflect a realistic circuit arrangement, which will likely include more elements not depicted in the figure for the sake of simplicity.
  • control unit 91 may monitor the situation, and in particular may determine whether the voltage variations indicate an overload situation is occurring or about/likely to occur. In such situations, a voltage jump, drop, or other fluctuation tends to occur, which can be quite sudden and/or brief. If such a voltage jump/drop/fluctuation is detected from the voltage measurements, control unit 91 controls switch 93 to interrupt the power supply through the output terminal. To resume power supply, an user input unit 96 may be provided (e.g. a button). If control unit 91 detects a user input through the user input unit 96, it may control switch 93 to re-establish power supply through the output terminal.
  • an user input unit 96 may be provided (e.g. a button). If control unit 91 detects a user input through the user input unit 96, it may control switch 93 to re-establish power supply through the output terminal.
  • the system may optionally also include a current sensor 94 and a current detection unit 95, for instance a Hall magnetic sensor and a Hall current detection unit.
  • Current measurements may then be transmitted to control unit 91, and the determination of whether the power supply should be interrupted can then become more accurate and robust by also taking into account these current measurements.
  • a current sensor 94 and a current detection unit 95 for instance a Hall magnetic sensor and a Hall current detection unit.
  • Fig. 8A shows an embodiment in slightly more detail than Fig. 7, though the diagram is still simplified to a certain extent.
  • continuous lines generally indicate connections for providing power; dashed lines indicate connections for signal/control transfer, and dash-dotted lines indicate connections for a lower-voltage power supply.
  • the same reference numbers are used to indicate the same or similar elements, and descriptions of such elements for one embodiment may also apply to the corresponding element in other embodiments.
  • control unit 91 in this embodiment, the control unit 91, which is illustrated as a single element but may comprise several sub-elements, is powered by the circuit.
  • control unit 91 requires an operating DC current with quite a low voltage; to make this possible, the circuit includes DC power supply module 97, which is connected to the main power and has a DC output with a relatively low voltage, for instance 12V.
  • power supply module 97 is or comprises a DC-DC isolated power supply.
  • the shown embodiment also includes a step-down converter 98, to further lower the voltage to a level suitable for powering control unit 91, for instance 3.3V.
  • various other methods of supplying operating power to control unit 91 may also be envisaged; however, it has been found that this method is particularly robust and reliable, which is of course advantageous in the context of safety.
  • Power supply module 97 is in this embodiment also connected to relay switch 93.
  • the circuit also includes a switching element 99 to enable control circuit 91 to control relay switch 93.
  • FIG. 8B A particularly advantageous embodiment is shown in Fig. 8B.
  • Fig. 8C additionally indicates the direction of power and signal flow through this system in situations where power is input through the “input” terminals and output through the “output” terminals, though as described above, the system advantageously also allows power flow in the reverse direction, and advantageously also increases the safety in such situations.
  • this embodiment includes voltage mutual inductance coupling 102, of which an example is illustrated in Fig. 8D.
  • a current from the mains line
  • a current with a first voltage through a primary coil
  • a current with a second, reduced voltage through the secondary coils (depicted on the right in Fig. 8D).
  • This embodiment then includes rectifier 112 to obtain a DC voltage value.
  • sudden changes are detected in a robust and simple way by transferring the DC voltage value output from rectifier 112 to differential voltage trigger unit 111 both directly and via at least one delay unit 113.
  • This delay unit can be implemented as a simple capacitor, though it also may include different and/or additional elements, which may also affect the value of the signal in a predictable manner.
  • the at least one delay unit can re-transmit a received signal (either as received or changed in a predictable manner) with a predetermined delay period td for instance 1ms.
  • differential voltage trigger unit 111 receives two inputs: one indicative of a DC voltage value for a current (or recent) time point t, and another indicative of an earlier DC voltage value corresponding to a time t - td. If the voltage is constant, this difference will always have the same value. However, in case of a voltage fluctuation, in particular in case of a sudden/abrupt and/or brief fluctuation, this value will change; and such fluctuations can be detected by the difference value exceeding a predetermined threshold. Note that if the DC voltage value is transmitted unchanged, the difference will be zero, but implementations are not limited thereto.
  • the DC voltage value may be modified in such a way (for instance using one or more resistors) that a fluctuation leads to a generally positive difference value becoming negative, or vice versa.
  • the system may be configured such that a change in the difference value of 100 mV can be detected. If the difference at differential voltage trigger unit 111 indicates a voltage surge/drop/fluctuation, switching element 109 interrupts the power flow via relay switch 93.
  • differential voltage trigger unit 111 will no longer detect any issue with the voltage, and will no longer control switching element 109 to interrupt the power supply via relay switch 93. However, it is preferred to keep the power flow interrupted. To ensure this, the depicted embodiment includes trigger locking unit 119 and further switching element 109’. When differential voltage trigger unit 111 sends a signal to switching unit 109 to interrupt the power supply, this signal is also transmitted to this trigger locking unit 119, which can ensure the power supply remains interrupted via further switching element 109’. When a reset signal is received from user input unit 96, the power supply may be resumed via this trigger locking unit 109 and further switching element 109’.
  • a power supply module 97 which advantageously is or comprises a DC-DC isolated power source, is included, in combination with step-down converter 98, to provide operational power to the control elements, i.e. here to differential voltage trigger unit 111 and trigger locking unit 119.
  • Fig. 8B and Fig. 8C further depict two current limiting elements 120 and 121, which may for instance comprise fuse component, and which limit the fixed current.
  • These current limiting elements 120 and 121 are not required for the detection of voltage surges/drops/fluctuations, but further increase the safety of both the system itself and of the local power source and home grid to which it is connected, by protecting against overcurrent.
  • current limiting 121 may be omitted in cases where power always flow from left to right in the figure, but is advantageously included to increase safety also in situations in which power flow from right to left, instead.
  • the current limiting element or elements may also be positioned differently.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the method according to the invention.
  • voltage variations are measured: preferably, voltage is measured continuously or periodically while power is output.
  • Control unit 91 monitors the voltage variations over time, and determines whether they satisfy a preset criterion. As long as they do not, voltage continues to be measured and monitored, but no other action is taken. Once it is determined that the voltage variations do satisfy the criterion, power supply is discontinued at step S3, for instance by interrupting the path through which power is transferred in the system through operation of a switch.
  • the ‘criterion’ is discussed as being a criterion which, when satisfied, indicates an unsafe situation; however, it is also possible to formulate the criterion as being a criterion indicating safe operation, in which case action would be taken as soon as the criterion is no longer satisfied.
  • step S4 If a user input is received at step S4, power supply may be re-established at step S5, for instance by closing the switch. The monitoring of voltage variations (steps S 1 and S2) is then resumed as well. It is also possible (alternately or additionally) to automatically re-establish power supply after a certain time. In such cases, in case there is still a risk of overload (e.g. if the problematic load has not yet been unplugged), the method will ensure that power supply is interrupted again, ensuring safety.
  • a risk of overload e.g. if the problematic load has not yet been unplugged
  • the system and method according to embodiments of the invention may thus increase the safety when using local energy sources which supply power directly to a home grid, without going through some central control point, without requiring information input from outside of the system itself. Therefore, it may be used with many existing plug&play systems, and provides a more reliable, secure and robust solution. In addition, it may ensure that plug&play energy systems are compatible with local safety regulations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de protection contre les surcharges pour une source d'alimentation locale (10) apportant de l'énergie à un réseau électrique domestique (200), consistant à mesurer des variations de tension se produisant dans un circuit connecté entre le côté CA d'un onduleur de puissance de la source d'alimentation locale (10) et le point auquel de l'énergie est apportée au réseau électrique domestique (200) ; déterminer si les variations de tension satisfont un critère prédéfini ; et interrompre l'alimentation électrique du réseau électrique domestique si la variation de tension satisfait la condition prédéfinie. L'invention concerne également un système de protection contre les surcharges comprenant au moins un capteur de tension conçu pour mesurer des variations de tension se produisant dans un circuit entre une source d'énergie locale et le réseau domestique ; un commutateur pouvant activer ou désactiver l'alimentation en courant ; et une unité de commande conçue pour recevoir des informations de tension et pour commander le commutateur pour désactiver l'alimentation en courant si les informations de tension satisfont un critère.
PCT/EP2021/086546 2020-12-18 2021-12-17 Procede et systeme de protection contre les surcharges WO2022129554A1 (fr)

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EP20215573 2020-12-18

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Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5181155A (en) * 1990-08-30 1993-01-19 Beg Mirza A Overcurrent trip circuit
DE19612992A1 (de) * 1996-03-22 1997-09-25 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Erfassen eines Fehlers auf einem durch Leistungsschalter begrenzten Abschnitt einer elektrischen Energieversorgungsleitung
EP2124324A1 (fr) * 2008-05-20 2009-11-25 SMA Solar Technology AG Onduleur photovoltaïque
US20120206843A1 (en) * 2009-07-23 2012-08-16 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for detection and control of dc arc faults
CN212163178U (zh) * 2020-04-20 2020-12-15 云南朔铭电力工程有限公司 光伏储能逆变器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5181155A (en) * 1990-08-30 1993-01-19 Beg Mirza A Overcurrent trip circuit
DE19612992A1 (de) * 1996-03-22 1997-09-25 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Erfassen eines Fehlers auf einem durch Leistungsschalter begrenzten Abschnitt einer elektrischen Energieversorgungsleitung
EP2124324A1 (fr) * 2008-05-20 2009-11-25 SMA Solar Technology AG Onduleur photovoltaïque
US20120206843A1 (en) * 2009-07-23 2012-08-16 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for detection and control of dc arc faults
CN212163178U (zh) * 2020-04-20 2020-12-15 云南朔铭电力工程有限公司 光伏储能逆变器

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LU QIWEI ET AL: "A DC Series Arc Fault Detection Method Using Line Current and Supply Voltage", IEEE ACCESS, IEEE, USA, vol. 8, 31 December 2019 (2019-12-31), pages 10134 - 10146, XP011766978, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2963500 *

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