WO2022121373A1 - 一种熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器 - Google Patents

一种熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022121373A1
WO2022121373A1 PCT/CN2021/114092 CN2021114092W WO2022121373A1 WO 2022121373 A1 WO2022121373 A1 WO 2022121373A1 CN 2021114092 W CN2021114092 W CN 2021114092W WO 2022121373 A1 WO2022121373 A1 WO 2022121373A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
melt
breaking
force
arc
applying member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/114092
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石晓光
陈蓉蓉
王伟
Original Assignee
西安中熔电气股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 西安中熔电气股份有限公司 filed Critical 西安中熔电气股份有限公司
Priority to EP21791234.4A priority Critical patent/EP4040465A4/en
Priority to US17/618,391 priority patent/US11990305B2/en
Priority to KR1020227009836A priority patent/KR102715612B1/ko
Priority to JP2021570384A priority patent/JP7352658B2/ja
Publication of WO2022121373A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022121373A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/0039—Means for influencing the rupture process of the fusible element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
    • H01H85/10—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member with constriction for localised fusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/165—Casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/165—Casings
    • H01H85/175—Casings characterised by the casing shape or form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/18—Casing fillings, e.g. powder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H01H2085/388—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc using special materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/24—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using pneumatic or hydraulic actuator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/26—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using dynamo-electric motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/12—Two or more separate fusible members in parallel

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is a new type of fuse that can be blown by current and can also be disconnected by mechanical force.
  • As a circuit protection and fault control device it can be applied to equipment such as power generation, transmission, distribution, and electricity consumption, and is also suitable for Electric vehicles, ships, aviation and other fields.
  • the traditional fuse is blown by the heat generated by the flowing current.
  • the main problem is that the current heating is the energy source of the fuse action. When encountering a small overcurrent, it takes a lot of time to accumulate heat, and the fuse time long and cannot reliably protect back-end devices.
  • the overcurrent is less than a certain value, which is not large, but still needs to be
  • the circuit is cut off, the traditional fuse cannot act in time and cannot reliably protect the electrical appliances. If a switch is used to cut off similar small currents, additional switching devices are required.
  • switches Since the maximum breaking current capability of the switch is weaker than that of the fuse, it is necessary to distinguish the value of the overcurrent to determine whether the switch is suitable for the breaking action, which may cause the breaking situation to become unsafe.
  • switches have the disadvantages of large size and high cost.
  • the general air switch since there is no zero-crossing point for DC, the general air switch cannot adopt the principle of arc extinguishing at zero-crossing point, and the breaking capacity is greatly reduced, while the fuse has strong breaking capacity of DC overcurrent, small size, low cost, safe and reliable.
  • the main reason for the high breaking capacity of the fuse is that the filled arc extinguishing medium is much stronger than the gas or vacuum medium of the switch.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a fuse that can be blown by current and disconnected by mechanical force, and one or two ways of disconnecting the melt by fusing and mechanical force can improve the fuse. breaking capacity, arc extinguishing capacity and reliability.
  • the technical solution provided by the present disclosure is a fuse type fuse that is fused and disconnected by mechanical force, which includes a hollow housing, an arc extinguishing medium is filled in the housing, and At least one melt is provided, and the two ends of the melt are respectively connected with conductive terminals pierced through the shell wall, and the conductive terminals can be connected with external circuits;
  • An interrupting device for disconnecting the melt after receiving the external excitation signal, the driving device disposed outside the casing drives the interrupting device to disconnect in one or two combination modes of linear displacement mode and rotational displacement mode the melt, so that the melt forms at least one fracture in the arc-extinguishing medium;
  • a blocking structure is provided between the breaking device and the shell wall to prevent the arc-extinguishing medium from leaking;
  • the melt located in the arc extinguishing medium is provided with a weak point that reduces the mechanical breaking strength of the melt and is easy to fuse.
  • a breaking device for breaking the melt in a linear movement manner includes at least one force applying member and one guiding member respectively disposed on both sides of the melt; the force applying member One end of the member protrudes out of the shell wall; one end of the guide member is perforated on the shell wall, and when one end of the guide member is located in the shell wall, there is a space between it and the shell wall.
  • a space for the displacement of the guiding mechanism; a blocking structure to prevent the leakage of the arc extinguishing medium is arranged between the force applying member, the guiding member and the shell wall; the driving device drives the applying force The displacement of the force member and the guide member breaks the melt and creates a fracture.
  • the arc-extinguishing medium adopts arc-extinguishing solid particles, arc-extinguishing liquid or arc-extinguishing colloid with or without particles, and the force applying member and the guiding member jointly clamp the melt, There is no gap between the force applying member and the melt, or between the guiding member and the melt, or there is a small gap through which the arc extinguishing medium cannot pass; the force applying member drives the When the melt moves, the sum of the volumes of the force applying member and the guiding member in the inner portion of the casing does not change significantly.
  • the force applying member drives the melt to move in the arc extinguishing medium, so that the melt is gradually stretched and the fracture is formed at the weak point , an arc channel is provided between the melts on both sides after the disconnection, and the melt on at least one side and at least a part of the path of the arc channel are in the arc extinguishing medium.
  • two sides of the melt after disconnection are a cathode and an anode respectively, and the cathode or the anode can be moved to the forcing member and the casing under the driving of the forcing member. between the insulating slits.
  • the interruption device for disconnecting the melt in a linear displacement manner includes at least one set of force-applying members; one end of the force-applying member extends out of the casing, and the other end is located in the arc extinguishing medium.
  • a blocking structure to prevent the leakage of the arc extinguishing medium is provided between the force applying member and the shell wall;
  • the driving device drives the force applying member to pull off Or infer that the melt forms a fracture, and when the driving device works, the force applying member drives the melt to move in the arc extinguishing medium, so that the melt is stretched and the melt is
  • the fracture is formed at the position where the mechanical strength of the melt is weak or where the tensile stress of the melt is concentrated.
  • the two sides of the melt after breaking are the cathode and the anode respectively, and the arc path is between the cathode and the anode.
  • the cathode and/or the anode are still in the arc-extinguishing medium, and part or all of the arc path is in the arc-extinguishing medium.
  • the preset distance enables the fracture to have a distance from the casing and/or the force-applying member, at least one of the two ends of the melt after breaking can be wrapped by the arc extinguishing medium, and the There is no air space around the fracture that is larger than the preset range.
  • the preset distance exists between the weak point and the reference point
  • the two parts after the melt is broken are a first segment and a second segment respectively, and the second segment of the part can be finally squeezed into the slit between the force applying member and the support structure in the housing middle.
  • the preset distance exists between the weak point and the reference point
  • the two parts after the melt is disconnected are a first segment and a second segment, respectively, and the second segment can be moved to the two sides of the force applying member respectively with the first segment.
  • the width of the force applying member is not less than the section width of the first section or the section width of the second section after disconnection, and the first section and the second section are respectively in the After the two sides of the force-applying member, the force-applying member forms an insulating wall between the first section and the second section.
  • the portion of the force applying member that is in contact with the housing or the force applying member itself is made of a gas generating material that can generate arc extinguishing gas when burned by an arc.
  • the breaking device for breaking the melt in a linear displacement manner includes at least one set of force-applying members; the force-applying members are located outside the casing, and the melt part located in the casing surrounds the melt.
  • a U-shaped or arc-shaped structure is formed outside the shell; the force-applying member passes through the arc-shaped structure; it is arranged between the melt and the shell wall of the shell.
  • the breaking device for disconnecting the melt in a rotational displacement manner includes a rotational force-applying member rotatably penetrated on the casing or a part of the casing can rotate and act as a rotating force member.
  • the rotating force-applying member of the interrupting device is used, and the rotating force-applying member is partially located outside the casing and partially located in the arc-extinguishing medium; the melt is penetrated and fixed in the arc-extinguishing medium.
  • a blocking structure to prevent the leakage of the arc extinguishing medium is arranged between the rotating force applying member and the shell wall of the casing; the driving device drives the rotating force applying member to disconnect in a rotational displacement manner
  • the melt forms fractures.
  • At least one set of the force-applying members and the guide members are provided on both sides of the melt; the force-applying members and/or the guide members on both sides of the melt are One end is fixedly connected with the melt and holds the melt.
  • a displacement distance limiting structure is provided in the direction in which the guide member moves forward.
  • one end of the rotating force applying member located in the arc extinguishing medium is clamped on the melt in a clip shape.
  • the driving device is a gas generating device capable of generating pressurized gas, a fluid generating device capable of generating pressurized fluid, an electric motor, an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an air motor, a hydraulic motor, or a transmission device.
  • the melt located in the arc extinguishing medium is provided with a weak point that reduces the mechanical breaking strength of the melt and is easy to fuse.
  • At least one breaking device for breaking the melt in a rotational displacement manner is also provided in the casing on one side of the breaking device for breaking the melt in a linear displacement manner;
  • At least one breaking device for opening the melt comprises a rotating force applying member rotatably penetrated through the casing, the rotating force applying member is partially located outside the casing and partially located in the arc extinguishing medium;
  • the melt is penetrated and fixed on a rotating force applying member located in the arc extinguishing medium;
  • a blocking structure to prevent the leakage of the arc extinguishing medium is arranged between the rotating force applying member and the shell wall;
  • the driving device drives the rotational force member to break the melt to form a fracture in a rotational displacement manner.
  • a supporting and fixing device for supporting and fixing the melt is provided in the casing.
  • the fuse of the present disclosure can be used in various circuits that require the application of fuses, such as power distribution units, various equipment and instruments, vehicles, such as new energy vehicles.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of breaking the melt in a linear displacement manner.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of breaking the melt in a linear displacement manner with a supporting and fixing device.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-group breaking device for breaking the melt in a linear displacement manner.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a part of the melt is located outside the shell and the melt is disconnected in a linear displacement manner.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of breaking the melt by means of rotational displacement.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure for breaking the melt in a rotational displacement manner combined with a linear displacement manner.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure of A-A in FIG. 6 .
  • the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms “inner”, “outer”, etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation that the product is usually placed in when it is used. Or the positional relationship is only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the terms “first”, “second”, etc. are only used to differentiate the description and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or It can be connected in one piece; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components.
  • the fuse of the present disclosure mainly includes a housing, a melt, a driving device, and a breaking device; wherein.
  • the casing 100 is a hollow sealing structure, and an arc extinguishing medium 101 is filled in the casing 100 .
  • the arc-extinguishing medium 101 is an arc-extinguishing medium in a state of granular solid, gel, liquid, or the like. Densely packed quartz sand is usually used.
  • the melt 102 is arranged in the arc extinguishing medium 101 in the casing 100 , and both ends of the melt 102 are respectively connected to the conductive terminals 103 passing through the casing wall 107 .
  • the conductive terminal 103 and the contact surface of the housing 100 are in sealed contact to prevent the arc extinguishing medium 101 from overflowing.
  • the driving device 105 is located outside the housing 100 and provides the driving force for the breaking device.
  • the drive device 105 may be a gas generating device that can generate pressurized gas, a fluid generating device that generates pressurized fluid, an electromagnetic drive device 105, an electric motor, an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an air motor, a hydraulic motor, or a transmission.
  • the linear displacement driving force, the rotational displacement driving force or the driving force of the combination of the linear displacement and the rotational displacement is provided to the interrupting device through the driving device 105 .
  • the driving device 105 is a gas generating device
  • the driving device 105 and the part of the interrupting device located outside the casing 100 need to be sealed outside the casing 100 to ensure that the generated high-pressure gas will not escape.
  • the driving device 105 is a gas generating device. Therefore, a sealed cover 106 is provided on the outer periphery of the driving device 105 and the breaking device outside the casing 100 .
  • the breaking device is configured to mechanically break the melt 102 located in the arc extinguishing medium 101 .
  • the breaking device can break the melt 102 by means of linear displacement, or break the melt 102 by means of rotational displacement.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 1 is a structure in which the melt 102 is disconnected in a linear displacement manner.
  • the breaking device includes a force-applying member 200 and a guiding member 201 disposed on the upper and lower sides of the melt 102 in the casing 100 , both of which are rod-shaped structures.
  • one end of the force applying member 200 and the guiding member 201 located on both sides of the melt 102 is fixedly connected together, so that the force applying member 200 , the guiding member 201 and the melt 102 sandwiched therebetween are partially formed combination.
  • the force-applying member 200 is located above the melt 102 , passes upward through and protrudes from the casing wall 107 , and is provided with a blocking structure to prevent the arc extinguishing medium 101 from leaking at the contact surface with the casing wall 107 .
  • the blocking structure between the force applying member 200 , the guiding member 201 and the housing wall 107 is a sealing member, and the sealing members are sealing rings 202 and 203 .
  • the blocking structure can also be realized by an interference fit, or by other mechanical structures.
  • a through hole 108 for the force-applying member 200 to pass through is opened on the shell wall corresponding to the lower end of the guiding member 201 , the lower end of the guiding member 201 is penetrated in the through hole 108 , and the lower end of the guiding member 201 is in contact with the shell wall 107 There is a blocking structure to prevent the leakage of the arc extinguishing medium 101 .
  • the driving device 105 is actuated by receiving the external excitation signal, the force applying member 200 , the guiding member 201 and the portion of the melt 102 clamped therein are driven to displace together, thereby breaking the melt 102 . Since the through hole 108 is provided, the final position of the displacement of the end of the guide member 201 located in the through hole 108 may be inside the through hole 108 or outside the casing 100 .
  • the driving device 105 adopts a gas generating device.
  • the gas generating device receives an external excitation signal, generally an electrical signal, and generates a large amount of high-pressure gas when ignited to push the force applying member 200 and the guiding member 201 to displace together.
  • weak points 204 are respectively opened.
  • the purpose of setting the weak points 204 is to reduce the breaking strength of the melt 102 at the breaking point, so that the It is easier to break off when subjected to shock.
  • the weak point 204 is a plurality of through holes opened in the melt 102 at intervals.
  • the weak point 204 can also be a breaking groove that runs through the melt 102 in the width direction of the melt 102, and can be arranged at a corresponding position on one side or both sides of the melt 102; the shape of the breaking groove can be V-shaped, U-shaped A single structure or a combination of several structures such as type, wave, etc.
  • the weak point 204 can also be one or several rows of through holes that are spaced apart in the width direction of the melt 102 to reduce the strength of the weak point 204 . It can be a structure that concentrates stress, such as a variable-section structure, so that the cross-section of the melt 102 at the break is gradually narrowed, and when it is impacted by an external force, the impact strength per unit area can be mentioned.
  • the weak point 204 can also be made by using a conductive material with lower strength to replace the original melt 102 material at the weak point 204 .
  • the fixing method of the melt 102 can be to press and fix both ends, and then apply force at the middle position, so that the melt 102 is pulled off; it can also be fixed at one end, and then the melt 102 is formed in the arc extinguishing medium 101 as The U or Z shape is formed, and then the other free end is stretched, so that the weak point 204 between the shape and the force application point is pulled off; Pass through, and design the weak point 204 in the part close to the cylinder, so that when force is applied to one side or both sides of the cylinder, the weak point 204 is easily pulled off.
  • the melt 102 is provided with a fuse weak point 205 , and a plurality of fuse weak points 205 may be provided at intervals on the melt 102 .
  • the fused weak point 205 is a narrow diameter.
  • the fuse weak point 205 can also be a variable-section structure, or a low-temperature fuse conductive material is provided at the fuse weak point 205, or a low-temperature fuse material is provided on the surface of the melt 102.
  • the low-temperature fuse conductive material can be melted at a lower temperature, which can accelerate The melt 102 is fused; or metallurgical effect points are set on the melt 102, or a conductive material with low conductivity is used.
  • the position of the fused weak point 205 on the melt 102 may not affect the breaking of the melt 102 by the breaking device.
  • the melt 102 in the chamber of the housing 100 can be set in a flat plane shape, or can be set in a trapezoidal bending shape.
  • the weak point 204 is provided on a trapezoidal side that is connected to the portion of the melt 102 between the force applying member 200 and the guiding member 201 .
  • the force applying member 200 and/or the guiding member 201 drive the portion of the melt 102 clamped or fixed together with the melt 102. With downward displacement, it is easier to pull the melt 102 off.
  • the supporting and fixing device 206 is located on one side or both sides of the breaking device;
  • the structure of the supporting and fixing device 206 may be a supporting boss structure, a supporting cantilever structure, a supporting rod-shaped structure, etc., which are configured to support and fix the melt 207 .
  • One end of the supporting and fixing device is fixedly arranged on the casing 100 , and the other end is in contact with the melt 207 and is fixed on the melt 207 .
  • a groove structure is provided at the disconnection of the melt 207 , and one end of the force applying member 208 located in the arc extinguishing medium is embedded and clamped in the groove of the melt 207 .
  • a boss is provided on the inner wall of the casing 100 on the side where the guide member 209 is located, a through hole 108 is opened on the boss and the wall of the casing 100, and a limiting rib 210 is set on the outer circumference of the guide member 209. When one end of the guide member 209 is inserted into the through hole 108 , the limiting rib 210 is just clamped on the boss to limit the position of the guide member 209 and prevent the arc extinguishing medium from leaking.
  • the other end of the guide member 209 supports the melt 207 .
  • the driving device (not shown) drives the force-applying member 208 and the guiding member 209 to displace in a linear manner, the limiting ribs 210 on the guiding member 209 are disconnected under the action of the driving force, releasing the force on the guiding member 209 limit.
  • FIG. 3 shows another structure for breaking the melt 300 in a linear displacement manner.
  • Two melts 300 are arranged in parallel in the casing 100 , and both ends of the melts 300 are connected to the conductive terminals 103 respectively.
  • Three force-applying members 301 , 302 , and 306 are arranged at intervals on one side of the two melts 300 , wherein one end of the force-applying members 301 and 306 is in contact with the melt 300 , and a gap is left between one end of the force-applying member 302 and the melt 300 .
  • the size of the gap is such that the arc extinguishing medium filled in the gap will not prevent the force applying member 302 from applying force to the melt 300 and the guide member 304 .
  • a guide member 303 and a guide member 304 corresponding to the force applying member 301 and the force applying member 302 are provided on the other side of the two melts 300, respectively.
  • the arc-extinguishing medium is arc-extinguishing solid particles, arc-extinguishing liquid or arc-extinguishing colloid with or without particles.
  • the guiding members 304 jointly clamp the melt 300), there is no gap between the force applying member and the melt 300, and between the guiding member and the melt 300, or there is a small gap through which the arc extinguishing medium cannot pass; the force applying member drives the melt 300 During movement, the sum of the volumes of the force-applying member and the guide member in the inner portion of the housing 100 is generally unchanged.
  • the total volume of the parts inside the housing 100 of the force applying member and the guiding member does not change significantly in general, which means that the sum of the volumes of the parts inside the housing 100 may be completely unchanged. There is a change in movement, it can also be a small increase or a small decrease.
  • the slight increase means that the force-applying member and the guiding member can be small-angle conical members, which do not significantly increase the resistance between the movement and the arc-extinguishing medium, do not affect the reliable implementation of the interrupting movement, and can also compensate for the arc-extinguishing medium. For the loss under arc burning, compact the arc extinguishing medium to improve the arc extinguishing ability.
  • the volume reduction helps to reduce the resistance, but the volume reduction ratio cannot affect the arc extinguishing ability of the arc extinguishing medium.
  • the slight increase in volume should not block the movement of the interrupting device, and the slight decrease should not affect the filling degree of the arc extinguishing medium.
  • the guide member 303 and the guide member 304 are located at one end of the melt 300 and are respectively provided with holes for the melt 300 to pass through.
  • One of the melts 300 is in contact with the end of the guide member, and the other is
  • the body 300 passes through the slot in the guide member.
  • Through holes 108 are respectively formed on one end of the casing wall of the casing 100 corresponding to the guide members 303 and 304 .
  • the other end of the guide member 303 passes through the through hole 108 .
  • a limit pin 305 is disposed outside the through hole 108 corresponding to the guide member 304.
  • the limit pin 305 has a convex structure. in the through hole 108 .
  • a groove with a certain depth is formed at the end of the guide member 304 corresponding to the limit pin 305 , and the pin portion of the limit pin 305 located in the through hole 108 is inserted into the groove at the end of the guide member 304 and a displacement gap is reserved with the bottom of the groove, and a displacement gap is reserved between the end of the guide member 304 and the bottom of the limit pin 305 .
  • the displacement distance between the force applying member and the guiding member is limited by setting the limit pin 305 .
  • the three force-applying members 301 , 302 , and 306 share one driving device 105
  • the driving device 105 is a gas generating device.
  • the gas generating device receives an excitation signal from the outside, it acts to release a large amount of high-pressure gas, and the three force-applying members 301 , 302 and 306 are all displaced under the driving of the high-pressure gas.
  • the force applying member 301 and the force applying member 302 push the melt 300 and the guiding members 303 and 304 to displace and disconnect the melt 300, and the force applying member 306 disconnects the melt 300 in the direction of its displacement.
  • a plurality of mechanically disconnected fractures are formed in the melt 300 .
  • the movement of the force applying members 301, 302, 306 and the guiding members 303, 304 can ensure that the arc extinguishing medium is in a densely filled state, and will not cause the arc extinguishing medium to loosen. Whether it is disconnected by mechanical force, the disconnection can be fully contacted with the arc extinguishing medium to ensure the effect of arc extinguishing and current breaking.
  • An arc channel is provided between the melts 300 on both sides after the disconnection, and at least a part of the path of the melt 300 on at least one side and the arc channel is in the arc extinguishing medium. That is, the melts 300 on both sides after the disconnection and the arc channels between them are all in the arc-extinguishing medium, or the melt 300 on one side is in the arc-extinguishing medium, and the melt 300 on the other side is in the arc-extinguishing medium. Outside the arc-extinguishing medium, a part of the original arc channel is located inside the arc-extinguishing medium to ensure the arc-extinguishing effect.
  • the two sides of the disconnected melt are respectively a cathode and an anode, and the cathode or the anode can be moved to the insulating slit between the forcing member and the casing 100 under the driving of the forcing members 301 , 302 and 306 . 307.
  • the insulating slit 307 can also enhance the arc extinguishing effect.
  • the force applying member, the guiding member and the melt 300 forms a wall with better barrier effect, avoids airflow conduction under arc pressure, and also avoids excessive gaps that cause arc extinguishing medium to flow under arc pressure and affect the barrier effect or affect the compactness of the arc extinguishing medium.
  • the body 300 can be separated at high speed, and the separation distance can be extended to significantly increase the arc extinguishing and breaking capacity.
  • a weak point 308 can be set on the melt 300, and the material toughness index of the melt 300 can be tested, and the speed and strength of the force-applying members 301, 302, and 306 can be tested.
  • the force-applying members 301, 302, 306 drive the melt 300 to move in the arc extinguishing medium, so that the melt 300 is gradually stretched and a fracture is formed at the weak point 308, and the fracture can be wrapped by the arc extinguishing medium. It can also ensure a good arc extinguishing effect.
  • Figure 4 is another structure for breaking the melt in a linear displacement manner.
  • Two melts 401 and 402 are arranged in parallel in the casing 400 at intervals, and two ends of the melts are respectively connected to the conductive terminals 403 pierced on both sides of the casing 400 .
  • the breaking device includes force-applying members 404 and 405 penetrated in the casing 400 , and a force-applying member 406 located outside the casing 400 .
  • One end of the force applying member 404 passes through the shell wall of the casing 400 and is located in the arc extinguishing medium.
  • One end of the force applying member 404 located in the arc extinguishing medium is provided with a groove for the melt 401 and the melt 402 to pass through.
  • a supporting and fixing device 407 for fixing the melts 401 and 402 is provided on the side of the force applying member 405 located on the force applying member 404 and between the force applying member 404 and the force applying member 405 , and the melts 401 and 402 are respectively penetrated and fixed in the on the support fixture 407 .
  • the force applying member 404 drives the melts 401 and 402 to move in the arc extinguishing medium, so that the melts 401 and 402 are gradually stretched and the mechanical strength of the melts is reduced.
  • the weak point 408 or the material tensile stress concentration position of the melt forms a fracture
  • the two sides of the melt after breaking are the cathode and the anode respectively
  • the arc path is between the cathode and the anode
  • the cathode and/or the anode are still in the arc extinguishing medium.
  • part or all of the arc path is in the arc extinguishing medium.
  • the melts on both sides may always be wrapped by the arc extinguishing medium, or a part of them may be wrapped.
  • the single-sided melt it can also be wrapped by the arc-extinguishing medium during the entire movement, or only within a certain period of time after disconnection. In short, as long as the fracture can be normally extinguished arc.
  • the speed and strength of the force-applying member 404 can be tested, and the material toughness of the melts 401 and 402 can be tested to obtain the realization of the melt 401.
  • 402 are gradually stretched and form a fracture effect at the weak point 408, so as to ensure that the initial certain time/distance of the fracture can be wrapped by the arc-extinguishing medium and improve the effect of arc-extinguishing and breaking.
  • the predetermined distance is such that the fracture has a distance from the casing 400 and/or the force applying member 404, at least one of the two ends of the melt 401 after breaking can be wrapped by the arc extinguishing medium, and there is no surrounding of the fracture. Air space larger than the preset range.
  • the predetermined distance between the weak point 408 and the casing 400 is the first predetermined distance, and at this time, there is no distance between the weak point 408 and the reference point. Since the fracture is at a certain distance from the shells 400 at both ends, the melted melt is still in the arc-extinguishing medium for a certain period of time after the breaking. Make the arc-extinguishing medium cover the disconnected position, which is conducive to arc-extinguishing. Even if the melt 401 is melted/vaporized, there is space for diffusion, and the pressure of the arc at the fracture can be buffered by the arc extinguishing medium to prevent damage to other structures.
  • the fracture can also be designed to have a distance from the force-applying member 404 (ie, there is a predetermined distance between the weak point 408 and the reference point, referred to as the second predetermined distance), and there is no distance from the casing 400 .
  • a part of the melt 401 after being pulled off can still be driven by the force applying member 404 to move to the slit 409 between the force applying member 404 and the casing 400 or move to the other side of the force applying member 404, During the movement, the arc extinguishing medium is always wrapped to achieve a good arc extinguishing-decompression-isolating high temperature effect.
  • the fracture has a distance from the casing 400, and also has a distance from the force-applying member, that is, the above-mentioned first predetermined distance and second predetermined distance both exist. And at least one end of the disconnected ends can be wrapped by the arc-extinguishing medium. It is more preferable that the two ends after the disconnection are separated from the housing 400 and the force-applying member 404, and are also covered by the arc-extinguishing medium. package for optimal performance. It should be noted that, the first preset spacing and the second preset spacing are merely different descriptions, which do not mean that the lengths of the two are necessarily the same or different.
  • the force-applying member can be pulled off at the weak point 408. melt, not shear melt.
  • the configuration between the melt 402 and the force-applying member 404 may also be the same.
  • the air space in the preset range is an air space with an index of ten microns.
  • the air space can be solid particles, and the typical value of the air space formed between the particles is less than 10 microns, which is a limited tiny space and can avoid arcing.
  • the melt 401 gradually moves and is stretched in the arc extinguishing medium. Due to the weakness 408 , the stretch is the largest at that place, and is finally pulled. After breaking, the position of the broken fracture is directly wrapped by the arc-extinguishing medium, so that the section and the surrounding area can be covered with the arc-extinguishing medium, and there will be no free air to generate an arc, ensuring that the melt 401 can be fully extinguished after the melt 401 is broken.
  • a support boss 407 is protruded inside the shell 400 , and the two parts of the melt 401 after breaking are the first section 401a and the second section 401b respectively (in the perspective of FIG. 4 , the left side of the weak point 408 is The first section 401a, the part between the right side and the support boss 407 is the second section 401b), the second preset distance enables the second section 401b to continue to move with the force-applying member 404, and part of the second section 401b can eventually is squeezed into the slit 409 between the force applying member 404 and the support boss 407 . In this way, the insulation resistance value can be increased, and the arc extinguishing effect can be further improved.
  • the support boss 407 is an example of the support structure, and the support structure does not have to be in the shape of a boss, as long as it can form a slit 409 with the force applying member 404 and allow a part of the melt to enter the arc extinguishing slit after disconnection Just sew 409.
  • the boss may also be a part of the housing 400 , that is, a slit 409 may exist between the force applying member and the housing 400 to facilitate the entry of a part of the second segment 401b.
  • the two parts of the melt 401 after breaking are the first segment 401a and the second segment 401b, respectively, and the second preset distance enables the second segment 401b to continue to move with the force-applying member 404 and enables the second segment 401b
  • the first segment 401a can be moved to the two sides of the force applying member 404, respectively.
  • the force-applying member 404 is in the shape of a plate or a column, and its width is not less than the width of the melts 401 and 402 (when the widths of the first section 401a and the second section 401b are inconsistent, at least not less than the width of one of the sections) , the force-applying member 404 penetrates the casing 400 up and down, and its length is sufficient to allow the part inside the casing 400 to always straddle the opposite two side walls of the casing 400 and form an interference with the side walls during the up and down movement.
  • the force applying member 404 forms an insulating wall between the first section 401a and the second section 401b.
  • the force-applying member 404 acts as an insulating wall to form a further insulating effect, which not only insulates the current, but also blocks the high temperature and pressure that may occur on both sides of the arc.
  • the part of the force applying member 404 in contact with the housing 400 or the force applying member 404 itself in the above two spacing options is made of a gas generating material that can generate arc extinguishing gas after arc burning. Because the arc extinguishing gas will be generated, and the force applying member 404 is solid and is difficult to be compressed, the generated arc extinguishing gas flows to the space outside the force applying member 404, and squeezes the arc to make it move in the direction of the arc extinguishing medium. Thus, the arc extinguishing capability is improved.
  • the force-applying member 405 is located at one end of the arc extinguishing medium and can contact the portion of the melt 401 in a U-shaped or arc-shaped structure.
  • the arc-shaped structural portion of the melt 401 penetrates the end of the force applying member 405 .
  • Weak points 408 are respectively provided on one side or both sides of the melt arc structure, or weak points 408 are provided at the melt bending part.
  • the arc-shaped structure is more favorable for the force applying member 405 to force the melt to break.
  • the weak point 408 is provided at the bend, which is more helpful for quickly breaking the melt 401 .
  • the setting of the weak point 408 can also refer to the above-mentioned cooperation with the force-applying member 404 , so that the melt 401 can be gradually stretched and finally a fracture is formed at the weak point 408 , to ensure that the fracture position can be wrapped by the arc extinguishing medium to achieve a good arc extinguishing effect.
  • the force-applying member 406 is a pin-shaft structure, and passes through the arc-shaped structure of the melt 402 .
  • the weak point 408 is provided on the melt 402 in the arc extinguishing medium.
  • the force applying member 406 is driven by the driving device to break the melt, the fracture formed on the melt 402 is located in the arc extinguishing medium.
  • the melt and the shell wall of the shell 400 are sealed by a seal to prevent leakage of the arc extinguishing medium.
  • the shape of the force applying member 406 located outside the casing 400 may also be similar to the structure of the force applying member 405 , but such a structure may cause the force applying member 406 outside the casing 400 to occupy a relatively large space.
  • the driving device of the structure of FIG. 4 can be an electric motor, an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an air motor, a hydraulic motor, or a transmission device. It is driven by a connection to the drive.
  • the transmission is, for example, a cam transmission.
  • the end of the force-applying member outside the housing 400 is arranged in a T-shaped structure, and the cam exerts a driving force outward on the flat plate at the end of the force-applying member, so that the force-applying member can be driven to pull the melt to break the melt.
  • the breaking device may include one force applying member or multiple force applying members, and a guide member may or may not be provided as required; when a guide member is provided, the guide member may be one. There may also be a plurality of them, and there is no need for one-to-one correspondence with the force-applying members, and a one-to-many or many-to-one correspondence is also possible.
  • the mechanical fracture of the melt must be formed in the arc-extinguishing medium, regardless of whether the melt is wholly or partially in the arc-extinguishing medium.
  • a blocking structure to prevent the leakage of the arc extinguishing medium is provided between the force applying member, the guiding member and the shell wall of the casing.
  • the blocking structure can be a seal structure or an interference fit structure.
  • the blocking structure can also be set At the outside of the casing or at the inner wall of the casing, the leakage of the arc extinguishing medium is blocked.
  • a structure similar to a cover is arranged outside the casing on the side where the guide member is located, and the cover is arranged outside the casing in a manner of being in close contact with the casing.
  • the cover and the end of the guide member Sufficient clearance is reserved between the cover and the end of the guide member for the guide member to displace, so as to ensure that the guide member is displaced between the shell walls of the casing and the clearance of the cover.
  • the shortest interruption time is several milliseconds. In such a short interruption time, the displacement speed of the guiding member is much greater than the leakage speed of the arc-extinguishing medium. Therefore, the arc-extinguishing medium from the shell The leakage in the body will not hinder the displacement of the guide member, and due to the function of the cover, the arc extinguishing medium will not leak to the outside of the cover, and will not cause damage to other components in the circuit.
  • a melt 601 is provided in the arc extinguishing medium of the housing 600 , and both ends of the melt 601 are respectively connected to conductive terminals 602 pierced on the housing 600 , and the conductive terminals 602 can be connected to external circuits.
  • Through holes are provided at opposite positions of the shell walls of the shell 600 on both sides where the melt 601 is disconnected.
  • the breaking device includes a rotating force-applying member 603, which is a rod-shaped structure; the rotating force-applying member 603 passes through the arc extinguishing medium, and two ends of the rotating force applying member 603 pass through the through holes respectively.
  • a blocking structure 604 for preventing the leakage of the arc extinguishing medium is provided at the contact surface between the rotating force applying member 603 and the shell wall of the casing 600 .
  • a part of the housing 600 can be designed as a rotatable structure, and this part is directly used as the rotational force applying member 603 of the breaking device and is configured with a mounting shaft to rotate relative to other parts of the housing 600. When the part rotates, it can be rotated around the installation shaft, and can also be designed to be able to rotate around an axis with a certain angle relative to the installation shaft, so as to break the melt 601 .
  • other embodiments using the rotation interruption method can also refer to the solution using the partial casing 600 as the rotation force applying member 603 .
  • the blocking structure 604 is a sealing structure, which is sealed by a sealing member, such as a sealing ring.
  • the melt 601 passes through the outer periphery of the rotating force applying member 603 and is fixed by the rotating force applying member 603 .
  • the melt 601 is clamped and fixed to the rotary biasing member 603 .
  • a driving device (not shown) is located outside the casing 600 and is connected to the rotational force applying member 603 to provide a rotational driving force for the rotational force applying member 603 .
  • the driving device can be a motor, a gear transmission, etc., which can provide a rotational driving force to the rotating force applying member 603, and must be a driving device that can be activated by receiving an external excitation electrical signal.
  • the mechanical weak point 605 is provided on the outer side of the rotation urging member 603 .
  • a fusing weak point 606 is provided on the side of the mechanical weak point 605 .
  • the movement of the melts 601 on both sides in the arc-extinguishing medium and the time of being wrapped by the arc-extinguishing medium after the disconnection can be referred to the above-mentioned about the straight line
  • the introduction of the interrupted scheme, and the corresponding insulating slits can likewise be designed. In short, as long as a good arc extinguishing effect can be guaranteed.
  • the rotating force-applying member 603 in FIG. 5 can break the melt 601 from the front surface of the melt 601 through the clamping melt 601 through rotational displacement, or can break the melt 601 from the melt 601 Side clamp melt 601 breaks melt 601 by rotational displacement.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 there are schematic structural diagrams of multiple sets of breaking devices combined to break the melt in two ways of linear displacement or rotational displacement, respectively.
  • the housing 700 is filled with an arc-extinguishing medium, and two parallel-connected melts 701 and 702 are arranged in parallel and spaced in the arc-extinguishing medium.
  • the terminal 703 is connected, and the conductive terminal 703 can be connected to an external circuit.
  • the melts 701, 702 are elongated sheet-like structures.
  • Two through holes 108 are spaced apart on the shell 700 above the front of the melts 701 and 702 , and bosses 704 and guide posts 705 are respectively provided on the shell wall of the shell 700 on the other side of the shell 700 opposite to the two through holes 108 .
  • the boss 704 is provided with a hole that does not penetrate the shell wall.
  • a set of force-applying members 706 and guide members 707 are respectively provided at positions of the two melts 701 and 702 corresponding to the two through holes 108 . Wherein, one end of the force applying member 706 passes through the through hole 108 on the shell wall and protrudes out of the shell 700 , and the other end is located on the melt 701 .
  • the guide member 707 includes a guide member part 708 and a guide member part 709, which are formed by socketing the two parts.
  • the guide member sub-piece 708 is located between the two melts 701 and 702 , and three connecting posts 710 are spaced at one end of the guide member.
  • the one end of the guide member part 709 connected with the guide member part 708 is also provided with three connecting posts 710 at intervals.
  • the upper end of the melt 702 is fixedly connected to form a complete guide member 707 , and the melts 701 and 702 are fixed on the guide member 707 .
  • the other end of the guide member 707 is inserted through the hole in the boss 704, and a gap sufficient for the guide member 707 to be displaced is reserved between the guide member 707 and the bottom of the hole.
  • a blocking device 718 for preventing the leakage of the arc extinguishing medium is provided at the contact surfaces of the force applying member 706 and the guiding member 707 with the housing 700. Among them, seals are used for sealing.
  • the sealing element at the guide member 707 is arranged on the limiting boss, and the limiting boss is clamped on the boss 704 of the shell wall.
  • the force application member 706 and the guide member 707 form a breaking means.
  • Another set of breaking devices also includes a force-applying member 711 and a guiding member 712 .
  • One end of the force applying member 711 protrudes out of the casing 700 through the through hole 108 , and the other end is located on the melt 701 .
  • the guide member 712 includes a guide member segment 713 and a guide member segment 714 .
  • the guide member segment 713 is located between the melt 701 and the melt 702 , one end of which is fixedly connected to the melt 701 , and the other end is located above the melt 702 .
  • connection posts are arranged at intervals on the upper end of the guide member sub-piece 714, and the connection posts pass through the melt 702 and are fixedly connected with the guide member sub-part 713, thereby forming a complete guide member 712, connecting the melt 701 and the melt 702. Fixed on the guide member 712 .
  • a slot 715 is provided at the other end of the guide member 712 at a position corresponding to the guide post 705 ; the slot 715 on the guide member 712 is clamped on the outer periphery of the guide post 705 , and the end face of the guide post 705 is connected to the slot 715 A space for the displacement of the guide member 712 is reserved between the bottoms, and there is enough space between the end face of the guide member 712 provided with the slot 715 and the shell wall of the housing 700 provided with the guide post 705 for the guide post 705 to pass along the guide post 705 displacement distance.
  • a blocking device 718 for preventing the leakage of the arc extinguishing medium is provided at the contact surface between the force applying member 711 and the shell wall, wherein the blocking device is a sealing member. Sealing can also be achieved by an interference fit, or by mechanical blocking structures provided in or outside the housing 700 .
  • a support arm 716 and a support boss 717 for supporting and fixing the two melts 701 and 702 are arranged between the two sets of breaking devices.
  • the melt 701 passes through the support arm 716 and is fixedly supported, and the melt 702 is located on the support boss 717 and is fixedly supported.
  • the above two breaking devices are driven by the driving device (not shown), the force applying member drives the guiding member and drives the melt to displace, thereby breaking the melt and forming a mechanical breaking fracture.
  • a breaking device for breaking the melt in a rotational displacement mode is also provided on one side of the two breaking devices for breaking the melt in a linear displacement mode.
  • the breaking device includes a rotating shaft 800 , one end of the rotating shaft 800 protrudes from one side wall of the casing 700 , and a rotating handle 801 is provided at the end of the rotating shaft 800 outside the casing 700 .
  • One end of the rotating shaft 800 located in the casing 700 passes between the two melts 701 and 702 and is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the casing 700 .
  • the part of the rotating shaft 800 located between the two melts 701 and 702 is set as a block-like structure that fits with one side of the two melts 701 and 702.
  • the block is fixedly connected with the block-like structure part located between the two melts 701 and 702 , thereby forming a clamping assembly 802 on the rotating shaft 800 to clamp and fix the two melts on the rotating shaft 800 .
  • the driving device acts on the rotating handle 801 or directly acts on the rotating shaft 800 to drive the rotating shaft 800 to rotate and disconnect the two melts 701 and 702 . Since the rotating shaft 800 passes through the shell walls on the side surfaces of the two melts 701 and 702 and is clamped on both sides of the melts, the breaking effect is better than that in FIG. 5 . The fracture is bigger.
  • the driving device drives the rotating handle 801 to drive the rotating shaft 800 to rotate, the driving device may be a linear drive device. At this time, the rotating handle 801 is inclined and the drive device is displaced from a high point to a low point and presses the rotating handle 801 to drive the rotating shaft 800 to rotate. .
  • the driving device acts on the rotating shaft 800 , the driving device needs to directly provide rotational force to the rotating shaft 800 . At this time, the driving device may be a gear, belt, chain or other transmission device.
  • the breaking device disconnects the melt to form a fracture, with the continuous displacement of the breaking device, it is possible to take the disconnected part of the melt away from the arc extinguishing
  • the medium enters the through hole provided on the shell wall, or enters the displacement space provided on the shell wall.
  • a small part of the arc generated at the fracture may enter the through hole or the displacement space with the interrupting device. In this case, most of the arc generated by the fracture is extinguished by the arc extinguishing medium, and a small part passes through the piston and the shell. The slit arc formed by the body is extinguished.
  • the fuse break can be generated before or after the mechanical break; when the fault circuit is very large, the melt is blown first and a fuse break is generated. After the melt blown fracture is generated, it is necessary to decide whether a mechanical breaking fracture will be formed according to the size of the breaking voltage and the size of the fuse. This can be achieved by setting the conditions for the excitation signal in the external control device.
  • the ends of the force applying member and the guide member that are in contact with the melt are made of insulating materials.
  • the arc-extinguishing medium before and after the action of the interrupting device, the arc-extinguishing medium must be located in the housing and cannot leak, otherwise, the leaked arc-extinguishing medium will affect the performance of equipment, units, vehicles, etc. that use fuses .
  • the drive device can be actuated by receiving an external excitation signal.
  • the driving device can be an electric motor, an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an air motor, a hydraulic motor, a transmission device or other driving devices that can act according to an external excitation signal.
  • the working principle of breaking the melt by the linear displacement method is the same as that of breaking the melt by the rotational displacement method. Therefore, the breaking device by the linear displacement method of FIG. 1 to break the melt is used as an example for description.
  • the driving device 105 receives the excitation signal from the outside, and drives the force applying member 200 , the assembly composed of the guiding member 201 and the part of the melt 102 between them is displaced downward together, the melt 102 is pulled off from the weak place 204 and a fracture is formed in the arc extinguishing medium 101, and the arc is extinguished in the arc extinguishing medium 101, The melt 102 is disconnected by mechanical interruption, thereby realizing circuit protection;
  • the large current is enough to blow the fuse 102.
  • a high temperature is generated at the weak point 205 of the fuse 102, and the fuse 102 is blown; while the fuse 102 is blown, the driving device 105 receives the excitation from the outside.
  • the signal drives the assembly composed of the force-applying member 200 , the guiding member 201 and the melt 102 part between them to move downward together, and the melt 102 is pulled off from the weak point 204 , ensuring the melt 102 is disconnected. Since there is a certain current range for the larger fault current, the time required for the melt 102 to fuse is different within this current range. Therefore, the mechanical disconnection fracture may be formed before or after the fuse fracture is formed.
  • the melt 102 When the fault current is large, the melt 102 is first blown to form a fuse fracture, and the circuit can be broken only by the melt 102; the external excitation signal may not be sent to the driving device 105, and the breaking device does not act.
  • an excitation signal can also be sent to the driving device 105 according to the set conditions, so that the driving device 105 drives the breaking device to disconnect the melt 102 and disconnect the circuit.
  • the fuse of the present disclosure may be disconnected by mechanical disconnection alone, or by melt disconnection alone, or by a combination of mechanical disconnection and melt disconnection, as required.
  • the current breaking range and breaking capacity of the fuse are improved; at the same time, the arc is extinguished in the arc extinguishing medium, and the fracture is formed by mechanically breaking the melt, and then the arc is elongated with the displacement of the breaking device. It is easier to extinguish the arc and improve the arc extinguishing ability.
  • a blocking structure is arranged between the force applying member and the guiding member and the casing wall, so that the leakage of the arc extinguishing medium is avoided, and the working safety of the fuse is improved.
  • the fuse of the present disclosure can realize circuit protection by breaking the fuse separately, mechanically breaking or combining the two, broaden the breaking current range, make the fuse break within the full current range, and improve the breaking capacity and breaking reliability of the fuse ;
  • the melt sub-fracture is arranged in a closed cavity filled with an arc extinguishing medium, which improves the arc extinguishing effect, prevents the arc from leaking out, and improves the safety of the fuse;
  • the breaking time is shortened; and the fuse of the present disclosure is simple in structure and small in volume.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

一种熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器、应用熔断器的配电单元或设备、储能设备、用电设备，熔断器包括中空的壳体(100)、在壳体中填充有灭弧介质(101)，在壳体中至少设置有一条熔体(102)，熔体两端分别与穿设在壳壁(107)上的导电端子(103)连接，导电端子可与外部电路连接；在壳体内设置至少一个以机械式方式断开熔体的打断装置(200,201)；设置在壳体外部的驱动装置(105)在接收外部激励信号后，驱动打断装置以直线位移方式、旋转位移方式的一种或两种组合方式断开熔体，使其在灭弧介质中形成至少一个断口；在打断装置与壳体壳壁间设置有防止灭弧介质泄露的阻挡结构(202,203)，在位于灭弧介质中的熔体上设置有降低熔体机械式断开强度及易于熔断的薄弱处(204,205)。该熔断器可提高分断能力和灭弧能力。

Description

一种熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2020年12月11日提交中国专利局的申请号为2020114610821、名称为“一种熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器”的中国专利申请以及于2021年6月24日提交中国专利局的申请号为2021107031157、名称为“一种熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开为一种可以通过电流熔断，也可以通过机械力断开电路的新型熔断器，作为电路保护和故障控制器件，能够适用于发电、输电、配电、用电等设备中，也适用于电动车辆、船舶、航空等领域，。
背景技术
传统熔断器是利用流过的电流产生的热量熔断的，存在的主要问题是电流发热是熔断器动作的能量来源，在遇到较小的过电流时，需要大量的时间进行热量积累，熔断时间较长，无法可靠保护后端器件。另外，在例如出现导体线圈的部分匝间短路、电源内阻较大或输出电流能力较小，或者用电设备浸水可能造成短路等情况时，过电流小于一定数值，并不大，但是仍需要切断电路，此时传统熔断器无法及时动作，无法可靠地保护用电器。如果采用开关切断类似的小电流，则需要增加开关器件。由于开关的最大分断电流能力比熔断器弱，因此需要区分过电流的值，判断开关是否适合进行分断动作，这样可能导致分断情况变得不安全。一般来说，开关有体积大，成本高等缺点。尤其对于直流过电流故障，由于直流没有过零点，一般的空气开关不能采用过零点熄弧的原理，分断能力大幅下降，而熔断器分断直流过电流能力强，体积小，成本低，安全可靠。
熔断器分断能力高的原因主要是充填的灭弧介质比开关的气体或真空介质的熄灭电弧能力强很多。
目前，存在熔断器在内部设置弹簧或通过重力拉长熔体断口的结构，在熔体熔断后，熔体受力并运动，从而拉长断口，以提升分断能力。但是具有如下问题：1.无法进行外部控制，在电流熔断后，机械力才发挥作用；2.无法保证多个串联断口的出现以及拉长的可靠性，而多串联断口对于分断较高的电压和较大过电流值至关重要；因而只能运用于额定电流较小、额定电压较低、或者分断能力较低、或者体积和运动空间很大的熔断器上。
发明内容
本公开所要解决的技术问题是提供一种通过电流熔断并兼而通过机械力断开熔体的熔断器，通过熔断及机械力断开熔体的一种或两种方式的结合，提高熔断器的分断能力、熄灭电弧能力和可靠性。
为解决上述技术问题，本公开提供的技术方案一种熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，包括中空的壳体、在所述壳体中填充有灭弧介质，在所述壳体中至少设置有一条熔体，所述熔体两端分别与穿设在所述壳壁上的导电端子连接，所述导电端子可与外部电路连接；在所述壳体内设置至少一个以机械式方式断开熔体的打断装置；设置在所述壳体外部的驱动装置在接收外部激励信号后，驱动所述打断装置以直线位移方式、旋转位移方式的一种或两种组合方式断开所述熔体，使所述熔体在所述灭弧介质中形成至少一个断口；在所述打断装置与所述壳体壳壁间设置有防止所述灭弧介质泄露的阻挡结构；在位于所述灭弧介质中的所述熔体上设置有降低熔体机械式断开强度及易于熔断的薄弱处。
可选地，以直线移动方式断开所述熔体的打断装置，所述打断装置包括分别设置于所述熔体两侧的至少一个施力构件及一个导引构件；所述施力构件的一端穿出所述壳壁；所述导引构件的一端穿设在所述壳壁上，当所述导引构件一端位于所述壳壁中时，其与所述壳壁间保留有供所述导引机构位移的空隙；在所述施力构件、所述导引构件与所述壳壁之间设置有防止所述灭弧介质泄露的阻挡结构；所述驱动装置驱动所述施力构件及所述导引构件位移断开所述熔体并形成断口。
可选地，所述灭弧介质采用灭弧固体颗粒、灭弧液体或者带有或不带有颗粒的灭弧胶体，所述施力构件与所述导引构件共同夹持所述熔体，在所述施力构件与所述熔体之间、所述导引构件与所述熔体之间无间隙或者具有所述灭弧介质不能通过的微小间隙；在所述施力构件带动所述熔体运动时，所述施力构件与所述导引构件在所述壳体内部部分的体积之和变化不明显。
可选地，当所述驱动装置工作时，所述施力构件带动所述熔体在所述灭弧介质中运动，使得所述熔体被逐渐拉伸并在所述薄弱处形成所述断口，断开后的两侧熔体之间具有电弧通道，至少一侧的熔体和所述电弧通道的至少一部分路径处于所述灭弧介质中。
可选地，断开后的所述熔体两侧分别为阴极和阳极，所述阴极或者所述阳极能够在所述施力构件的带动下，移动到所述施力构件与所述壳体之间的绝缘狭缝中。
可选地，以直线位移方式断开所述熔体的打断装置，包括至少一组施力构件；所述施力构件一端伸出所述壳体，另一端位于所述灭弧介质中的所述熔体的一侧或两侧；在所述施力构件与所述壳体壳壁间设置有防止所述灭弧介质泄露的阻挡结构；所述驱动装置驱动所述施力构件拉断或推断所述熔体形成断口，当所述驱动装置工作时，所述施力构件带动 所述熔体在所述灭弧介质中运动，使得所述熔体被拉伸并在所述熔体的机械强度薄弱位置或所述熔体的材料拉应力集中位置形成所述断口，断开后的所述熔体两侧分别为阴极和阳极，所述阴极和所述阳极之间为电弧路径，所述阴极和/或所述阳极仍处于所述灭弧介质中，部分或者全部的电弧路径处于所述灭弧介质中。
可选地，以所述熔体与所述施力构件相近的位置为参考点，所述薄弱处与所述壳体之间和/或者所述参考点之间具有预设间距；
所述预设间距使得所述断口与所述壳体和/或所述施力构件具有距离，所述熔体断开后的两端中的至少一端能够被所述灭弧介质包裹，并且所述断口周围无大于预设范围的空气空间。
可选地，所述薄弱处与所述参考点之间存在所述预设间距；
所述熔体断开后的两部分分别为第一段和第二段，部分的所述第二段能够最终被挤到所述施力构件与所述壳体内的支撑结构之间的狭缝中。
可选地，所述薄弱处与所述参考点之间存在所述预设间距；
所述熔体断开后的两部分分别为第一段和第二段，所述第二段能够运动到和所述第一段分别处于所述施力构件的两侧。
可选地，所述施力构件的宽度不小于断开后的所述第一段的断面宽度或者所述第二段的断面宽度，所述第一段和所述第二段分别处于所述施力构件的两侧后，所述施力构件形成所述第一段与所述第二段之间的绝缘墙。
可选地，所述施力构件与所述壳体接触的部分或者所述施力构件本身，采用经电弧灼烧会产生灭弧气体的产气材料制成。
可选地，以直线位移方式断开所述熔体的打断装置，包括至少一组施力构件；所述施力构件位于所述壳体外部，位于所述壳体中的熔体部分绕出所述壳体，在所述壳体外部形成呈U型或弧形结构；所述施力构件穿设在所述弧形结构中；在所述熔体与所述壳体壳壁间设置有防止所述灭弧介质泄露的阻挡结构；当所述驱动装置驱动所述施力构件拉断所述熔体并形成断口，所述断口位于灭弧介质中。
可选地，以旋转位移方式断开所述熔体的打断装置，包括以可旋转方式穿设在所述壳体上的旋转施力构件或者是所述壳体的一部分结构可以旋转并作为所述打断装置的旋转施力构件使用，所述旋转施力构件部分位于所述壳体外部、部分位于所述灭弧介质中；所述熔体穿设固定在位于所述灭弧介质中的旋转施力构件上；在所述旋转施力构件与所述壳体壳壁间设置有防止所述灭弧介质泄漏的阻挡结构；驱动装置驱动所述旋转施力构件以旋转位移方式断开所述熔体形成断口。
可选地，在所述熔体两侧设置有至少一组所述施力构件和所述导引构件；位于所述熔 体两侧的所述施力构件和/或所述导引构件的一端与所述熔体固定连接并夹持所述熔体。
可选地，当所述导引构件穿设在所述壳体壁上的通孔中时，在所述导引构件位移前进方向设置有位移距离限位结构。
可选地，位于所述灭弧介质中的所述旋转施力构件的一端呈夹子状夹持在所述熔体上。
可选地，所述驱动装置为可产生压力气体的气体发生装置、产生压力流体的流体发生装置、电动机、气缸、液压缸、气动马达、液力马达、或传动装置。
可选地，在位于所述灭弧介质中的所述熔体上设置有降低熔体机械式断开强度及易于熔断的薄弱处。
可选地，在以直线位移方式断开熔体的所述打断装置一侧的壳体中还设置有以旋转位移方式断开熔体的至少一个打断装置；所述以旋转位移方式断开熔体的至少一个打断装置包括以可旋转方式穿设在所述壳体上的旋转施力构件，所述旋转施力构件部分位于所述壳体外部、部分位于灭弧介质中；所述熔体穿设固定在位于所述灭弧介质中的旋转施力构件上；在所述旋转施力构件与所述壳体壳壁间设置有防止所述灭弧介质泄漏的阻挡结构；所述驱动装置驱动所述旋转施力构件以旋转位移方式断开所述熔体形成断口。
可选地，在所述壳体内设置有支撑固定熔体的支撑固定装置。
本公开的熔断器，可在配电单元、各种设备仪器、车辆，比如新能源汽车等需要应用熔断器的各种电路中使用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本公开的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1是一种以直线位移方式断开熔体的结构示意图。
图2是一种带有支撑固定装置的以直线位移方式断开熔体的结构示意图。
图3是一种以直线位移方式断开熔体的多组打断装置的结构示意图。
图4是一种部分熔体位于壳体外部的以直线位移方式断开熔体的结构示意图。
图5是一种以旋转位移方式断开熔体的结构示意图。
图6是一种以旋转位移方式结合直线位移方式断开熔体的结构示意图。
图7是图6中的A-A剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分内容，而不是全部内容。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本公开实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本公开的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本公开的范围，而是仅仅表示本公开的部分内容。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本公开的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
实施例
针对上述技术方案，现举出实施例并结合附图进行具体说明。本公开的熔断器主要包括壳体、熔体、驱动装置、打断装置；其中。
如图1所示，壳体100为中空密封结构，在壳体100中填充有灭弧介质101。灭弧介质101为粒状固体、凝胶状、液体等状态的灭弧介质。通常采用密实充填的石英砂。熔体102设置在壳体100中的灭弧介质101中，熔体102的两端分别与穿过壳体壁107的导电端子103连接。导电端子103与壳体100接触面之间为密封接触，防止灭弧介质101外溢。
驱动装置105位于壳体100外部，为打断装置提供驱动力。驱动装置105可以是可产生压力气体的气体发生装置、产生压力流体的流体发生装置、电磁驱动装置105、电动机、气缸、液压缸、气动马达、液力马达、或传动装置。通过驱动装置105为打断装置提供直线位移驱动力、旋转位移驱动力或直线位移与旋转位移结合的驱动力。当驱动装置105为气体发生装置时，驱动装置105及位于壳体100外部的打断装置部分则需密封设置在壳体100外部，以保证产生的高压气体不会溢散。在图1中，驱动装置105为气体发生装置， 因此，在壳体100外部的驱动装置105及打断装置的外周设置有密封的盖子106。
打断装置配置为使位于灭弧介质101中的熔体102通过机械方式断开。打断装置可以通过直线位移方式使熔体102断开，或通过旋转位移方式使熔体102断开。
图1所示结构为以直线位移方式断开熔体102的结构。打断装置包括设置在壳体100内的熔体102上下两面的施力构件200和导引构件201，其均为杆状结构。在图1中，施力构件200和导引构件201的位于熔体102两侧部位处一端固定连接在一起，使施力构件200、导引构件201及夹设在其间的熔体102部分形成组合体。施力构件200位于熔体102上面，其向上穿过并突出壳体壁107，其与壳体壁107接触面处设置有防止灭弧介质101泄露的阻挡结构。在实施例中，施力构件200与导引构件201与壳体壁107间的阻挡结构为密封件，密封件为密封圈202、203。阻挡结构还可以通过过盈配合实现，或通过其他的机械结构方式实现。
在导引构件201下端对应的壳壁上开设有供施力构件200通过的通孔108，导引构件201下端穿设在通孔108中，在导引构件201下端与壳体壁107接触面处设置有防止灭弧介质101泄露的阻挡结构。当驱动装置105接收外部激励信号动作，驱动施力构件200、导引构件201以及夹持在其中的熔体102部分一起位移，从而使熔体102断开。由于设置的是通孔108，因此导引构件201位于通孔108中的一端其位移的最终位置可以是通孔108内，也可以是壳体100外部。
当壳体壁107上开设的不是连通壳体100外部的通孔108时，必须在导引构件201端部与其所在的壳体壁107中的孔的底部间留有足够的供导引构件201位移的间隙。当导引构件201在施力构件200作用下位移时，导引构件201不会伸出壳体100外部。
图1中，驱动装置105采用气体发生装置，气体发生装置接收来自外部的激励信号，一般为电信号，点火产生大量高压气体，推动施力构件200和导引构件201一起位移。
在位于施力构件200和导引构件201两侧的熔体102的长度方向上，分别开设有薄弱处204，薄弱处204的设置目的在于降低熔体102的断开处的断开强度，使其在受到冲击时更容易断开。在图1中，薄弱处204为间隔开设在熔体102上的数个透孔。薄弱处204还可以为在熔体102的宽度方向上贯通熔体102的断开凹槽，可以设置在熔体102的一面或两面的对应位置处；断开凹槽形状可以是V型、U型、波浪形等单一结构或几种结构组合而成的结构。也可以是在熔体102的宽度方向上间隔开设的一排或几排透孔，降低薄弱处204的强度。可以是使应力集中的结构，比如变截面结构，使断开处的熔体102截面逐渐变窄，在受到外力冲击时，可提到单位面积的冲击力度。也可以采用强度较低的导电材料替代薄弱处204原有的熔体102材料制作薄弱处204。
熔体102的固定方式可以是将两端都压紧固定，然后在中间位置施力，使得熔体102 被拉断；也可以是一端固定，然后使熔体102在灭弧介质101中形成为U或Z形的造型，然后对另外的自由端进行拉伸，使得造型和施力点之间的薄弱处204被拉断；还可以是壳体100向内凸入的柱状结构，将熔体102穿过，且在靠近柱体的部分设计薄弱处204，这样在对柱体的一侧或者两侧施力时，薄弱处204容易被拉断。
在熔体102上设置有熔断薄弱处205，可以在熔体102上间隔设置多个熔断薄弱处205。在图1中，熔断薄弱处205为狭径。熔断薄弱处205还可以是变截面结构，或在熔断薄弱处205设置低温熔断导电材料，或在熔体102表面设置低温熔断材料，低温熔断导电材料为在较低温度下可熔融，其可加速熔体102熔断；或在熔体102上设置冶金效应点、或采用低导电率的导电材料。在熔体102上设置熔断薄弱处205的位置不影响打断装置断开熔体102即可。
熔体102在壳体100腔室中可以设置为一字平面状，也可以设置为梯形折弯形状。当将壳体100内的熔体102设置为梯形结构时，薄弱处204设置在与位于施力构件200和导引构件201间的熔体102部分连接的一条梯形边上。当熔体102在壳体100腔室内设置为梯形结构时，由于灭弧介质101的压制，在施力构件200和/或导引构件201带动其夹持或与之固定的熔体102部分一起向下位移时，更容易拉断熔体102。
参照图2，在熔体207与壳体100间还设置有支撑固定装置206，支撑固定装置206位于打断装置的一侧或两侧；可以设置在熔体207一侧或两侧。支撑固定装置206的结构可以是支撑凸台结构、支撑悬臂结构，支撑杆状结构等配置为对熔体207进行支撑固定的结构。支撑固定设置一端固定设置在壳体100上，另一端与熔体207接触并固定在熔体207。通过支撑固定装置206，缩短打断装置与支撑固定装置206之间的熔体207长度，有助于熔体207快速断开。图2中，熔体207的断开处设置有凹槽结构，施力构件208的位于灭弧介质中的一端嵌入并卡设在熔体207的凹槽中。在导引构件209所在一侧的壳体100内壁上设置有凸台，在该凸台及壳体100壁上开设有通孔108，在导引构件209的外周设置有限位凸棱210，当导引构件209一端穿设在通孔108中时，限位凸棱210恰好卡设在凸台上以对导引构件209进行位置限定，同时防止灭弧介质泄露。导引构件209另一端对熔体207进行支撑。当驱动装置(未图示)驱动施力构件208和导引构件209以直线方式位移时，导引构件209上的限位凸棱210在驱动力作用下断开，解除对导引构件209的限位。
图3示出以直线位移方式断开熔体300的另一种结构。在壳体100中并联设置有两根熔体300，熔体300的两端分别与导电端子103连接。在两熔体300一侧间隔设置有三根施力构件301、302、306，其中施力构件301、306的一端与熔体300接触，施力构件302一端与熔体300间留有间隙，该间隙的大小满足其中间填充的灭弧介质不会阻止施力构件302对熔体300及导引构件304的施力。在两熔体300的另一侧设置有与施力构件301和 施力构件302分别相对应的导引构件303和导引构件304。
其中，灭弧介质采用灭弧固体颗粒、灭弧液体或者带有或不带有颗粒的灭弧胶体，当施力构件与导引构件共同夹持熔体300时(如施力构件302与导引构件304共同夹持熔体300)，施力构件与熔体300之间、导引构件与熔体300之间无间隙或者具有灭弧介质不能通过的微小间隙；施力构件带动熔体300运动时，施力构件与导引构件在壳体100内部部分的体积之和总体不变。
需要说明的是，施力构件与导引构件在壳体100内部部分的体积之和总体不明显变化是指在壳体100内部的部分的体积之和可以是完全不变，不随着二者的运动而有变化，也可以是有微小增加或者微小减小。这里的微小增加是指施力构件与导引构件可以是小角度锥面构件，不明显增加运动时与灭弧介质之间的阻力，不影响打断运动的可靠实施，还可以弥补灭弧介质在电弧灼烧下的损耗，压实灭弧介质提升灭弧能力。而体积减小则有助于减小阻力，但是体积减小的比例不能影响灭弧介质的灭弧能力。总之，微小增加体积以不阻挡打断装置运动，微小减小以不影响灭弧介质充填度为准。
详细的，导引构件303和导引构件304位于熔体300一端并分别开设有供熔体300穿过的孔槽，其中一根熔体300与导引构件的端部接触，另一根熔体300穿过导引构件上的孔槽。在壳体100壳壁上对应导引构件303、304的一端分别开设有通孔108。导引构件303的另一端穿设在通孔108中。在导引构件304对应的通孔108外侧设置有限位销305，限位销305呈凸型结构，限位销305的底部开设在壳体100外侧壁上，限位销305的销杆部位于通孔108中。在导引构件304与限位销305对应的端部处开设有具有一定深度的凹槽，限位销305的位于通孔108中的销杆部插设在导引构件304端部的凹槽中，并与凹槽底部保留有位移间隙，导引构件304的端部与限位销305的底部间保留有位移间隙。通过设置限位销305来限定施力构件和导引构件的位移距离。
图3中，三个施力构件301、302、306共用一个驱动装置105，该驱动装置105为气体发生装置。当气体发生装置接收来自外部的激励信号时动作，从而释放大量高压气体，三个施力构件301、302、306均在高压气体的驱动下位移。其中，施力构件301和施力构件302推动熔体300和导引构件303、304位移并断开熔体300，施力构件306则断开位于其位移方向上的熔体300。在熔体300上形成多个机械式断开断口。
在上述灭弧过程中，施力构件301、302、306与导引构件303、304的运动能够保证灭弧介质是密实填充状态，不会导致灭弧介质松散，而且基于上述设计，不管是熔断还是机械力断开，都可以使得断开处与灭弧介质充分接触，确保灭弧以及分断电流的效果。
在断开后的两侧熔体300之间具有电弧通道，至少一侧的熔体300和电弧通道的至少一部分路径处于所述灭弧介质中。即，可以是断开后的两侧熔体300以及二者之间的电弧 通道全部处于灭弧介质中，也可以是其中一侧的熔体300处于灭弧介质内，另一侧熔体300处于灭弧介质外，这样原有的电弧通道的一部分路径处于灭弧介质内部，以保障灭弧效果。
可选地，断开后的熔体两侧分别为阴极和阳极，阴极或者阳极能够在施力构件301、302、306的带动下，移动到施力构件与壳体100之间的绝缘狭缝307中。如此，绝缘狭缝307也能够提升灭弧效果。
可选地，施力构件与熔体300之间、导引构件与熔体300之间设计成无间隙或者具有灭弧介质不能通过的微小间隙，可以使得施力构件、导引构件与熔体300形成阻隔效果较好的墙，避免在电弧压力下出现气流导通，也避免间隙过大导致灭弧介质在电弧压力下流动而影响阻隔效果或者影响灭弧介质的密实度。并且由于不会增大与灭弧介质的阻力，加之不会因为存在过大间隙而存留灭弧介质，不会带动灭弧介质移动，所以这样的设计容易实现高速、较长距离运动，使得熔体300能够被高速分离，并且分离的距离拉长可以显著增加灭弧、分断能力。
可选地，可以在熔体300上设置薄弱处308，并对熔体300的材质韧性指标进行试验，对施力构件301、302、306的速度和力度进行试验。当驱动装置105工作时，施力构件301、302、306带动熔体300在灭弧介质中运动，使得熔体300被逐渐拉伸并在薄弱处308形成断口，断口能够被灭弧介质包裹。同样能够保障良好的灭弧效果。
图4为以直线位移方式断开熔体的另一种结构。在壳体400中间隔并联设置有两根熔体401、402，熔体的两端分别与穿设在壳体400两侧的导电端子403连接。打断装置包括穿设在壳体400中的施力构件404、405，及位于壳体400外部的施力构件406。施力构件404一端穿过壳体400壳壁且位于灭弧介质中。在施力构件404的位于灭弧介质中的一端开设有供熔体401和熔体402穿设的凹槽，熔体401和熔体402穿设在施力构件404的位于灭弧介质中的端部。在施力构件405的位于施力构件404的一侧以及施力构件404和施力构件405间设置有固定熔体401、402的支撑固定装置407，熔体401、402分别穿设并固定在支撑固定装置407上。
请结合图4，当驱动装置(未图示)工作时，施力构件404带动熔体401、402在灭弧介质中运动，使得熔体401、402被逐渐拉伸并在降低熔体机械强度的薄弱处408或熔体的材料拉应力集中位置形成成断口，断开后的熔体两侧分别为阴极和阳极，阴极和阳极之间为电弧路径，阴极和/或阳极仍处于灭弧介质中，部分或者全部的电弧路径处于灭弧介质中。
对于这种结构，在熔体401、402断开后，两侧的熔体可以始终被灭弧介质包裹，也可以是其中一部分被包裹。对于单侧熔体而言，也是可以在运动全程都被灭弧介质包裹，或者是只在断开后的一定时间内被包裹。总之，只要断口处能够被正常灭弧即可。
其中，为了保障熔体被逐渐拉伸并在薄弱处408形成断口，可以对施力构件404的速 度和力度进行试验，以及对熔体401、402的材料韧性进行试验，以获得实现熔体401、402被逐渐拉伸并在薄弱处408形成断口的效果，从而保障断口初始一定时间/距离能够被灭弧介质包裹，提高灭弧分断的效果。
详细的，以熔体401与施力构件404相近的位置M为参考点，薄弱处408与壳体400之间和/或者参考点之间具有预设间距。
更为详细的，预设间距使得断口与壳体400和/或施力构件404具有距离，熔体401断开后的两端中的至少一端能够被所述灭弧介质包裹，并且断口周围无大于预设范围的空气空间。
薄弱处408与壳体400之间的预设间距为第一预设间距，此时薄弱处408与参考点无间距。由于断口距离两端壳体400均有一定距离，断开后的熔体在断开后的一定时间内仍然处于灭弧介质内，并且通过为不动端预留填充灭弧介质的空间，可以使得灭弧介质包覆断开的位置，利于灭弧。即使熔体401熔化/汽化，也有空间可以扩散，断口处的电弧的压力也可以被灭弧介质缓冲，防止损坏其他结构。当然，也可以设计成断口与施力构件404有距离(即薄弱处408与参考点之间有预设间距，称为第二预设间距)，与壳体400无间距。这时，被拉断后的熔体401还是可以有一部分被施力构件404继续带动，以运动到施力构件404与壳体400的狭缝409中或者运动到施力构件404的另外一侧，在运动过程中，始终有灭弧介质包裹，以达到良好的灭弧-减压-隔离高温的效果。
或者是，断口距离壳体400有间距，距离施力构件也有间距，即上述的第一预设间距、第二预设间距均存在。并且断开后的两端至少有一端可以被灭弧介质包裹，比较优选的是，断开后的两端，除了各自与壳体400、与施力构件404有间距，还都被灭弧介质包裹，以达到较优的性能。需要说明的是，第一预设间距、第二预设间距只是区别描述，并不代表二者的长度一定相同或者一定不同。
简而言之，只要薄弱处408的位置使得断开之后的两段的断面与壳体400之间有距离或与施力构件404有距离，则施力构件就能够在该薄弱处408拉断熔体，而不是剪断熔体。
可以理解的是，熔体402与施力构件404之间也可以如此设置。
其中，预设范围的空气空间是指数十微米级的空气空间，通过将空气空间限定在数十微米以下，可以防止过大尺寸的空气空间的自由空气中产生电弧。其中，灭弧介质可以是固态颗粒，颗粒间形成的空气空间的典型值是10微米以下，是受限的微小空间，可以避免产生电弧。
在向上提拉或者向下下压施力构件404的过程中，熔体401在灭弧介质内逐渐移动并被拉伸，由于有薄弱处408，该处的拉伸量最大，并最终被拉断，断开后的断口位置直接被灭弧介质包裹，使得断面以及断面周围都能有灭弧介质裹覆，并且不会有自由空气产生 电弧，确保熔体401断开后能够充分灭弧。
举例而言，壳体400的内部凸设有支撑凸台407，熔体401断开后的两部分分别为第一段401a和第二段401b(在图4视角中，薄弱处408左侧为第一段401a，右侧至支撑凸台407之间的部分为第二段401b)，第二预设间距使得第二段401b能够随施力构件404继续运动，部分的第二段401b能够最终被挤到施力构件404与支撑凸台407之间的狭缝409中。如此可以提高绝缘电阻值，进一步提高灭弧效果。需要说明的是，支撑凸台407属于支撑结构中的一种示例，支撑结构不一定呈凸台状，只要能够与施力构件404形成狭缝409并允许断开后一部分熔体进入灭弧狭缝409即可。该凸台也可以是壳体400的一部分，即施力构件可以与壳体400之间存在狭缝409，以便于第二段401b的一部分进入。
举例而言，熔体401断开后的两部分分别为第一段401a和第二段401b，第二预设间距使得第二段401b能够随施力构件404继续运动，且使得第二段401b能够运动到和第一段401a分别处于施力构件404的两侧。第一段401a、第二段401b的划分可以参考上文。由于第二段401b整体移动到了施力构件404的右侧，能够进一步提高绝缘效果，分断电弧的效果更佳。
可选地，施力构件404呈板状或者柱状，其宽度不小于熔体401、402的宽度(当第一段401a和第二段401b的宽度不一致时，则至少不小于其中一段的宽度)，施力构件404上下贯穿壳体400，其长度使其足以在上下移动过程中，处于壳体400内部的部分始终是横跨于壳体400的相对的两侧壁且与侧壁构成过盈配合，第一段401a和第二段401b分别处于施力构件404的两侧后，施力构件404形成第一段401a与第二段401b之间的绝缘墙。施力构件404作为绝缘墙形成进一步的隔绝作用，不仅绝缘电流，同时阻隔两侧电弧可能出现的高温和压力。
可选地，上述两种间距选择中的施力构件404与壳体400接触的部分或者施力构件404本身，采用经电弧灼烧会产生灭弧气体的产气材料制成。由于会产生灭弧气体，而施力构件404为固体，难以被压缩，因此产生的灭弧气体向施力构件404之外的空间流动，并挤压电弧，使其向灭弧介质方向运动，从而提高了灭弧能力。
施力构件405位于灭弧介质中的一端且能够接触熔体401的呈U型或弧形结构的部分。熔体401的弧形结构部穿设在施力构件405端部上。当施力构件405的位于壳体400外部一端受到驱动装置的驱动拉动施力构件405时，带动熔体弧形结构处位移，拉断熔体。在熔体弧形结构处一侧或两侧上分别设置薄弱处408，或在熔体折弯部位处设置薄弱处408。弧形结构更有利于施力构件405施力拉断熔体。在折弯处设置薄弱处408，更有助于快速拉断熔体401。
可以理解为，熔体401与施力构件405配合时，薄弱处408的设置方式也可以参考上 述与施力构件404的配合，使得熔体401可以被逐渐拉伸并最终在薄弱处408形成断口，保障断口位置能够被灭弧介质包裹，以达到良好的灭弧效果。
熔体402一部分呈弧形状伸出壳体400外部形成弧形结构。施力构件406为销轴结构，穿设在熔体402弧形结构处。薄弱处408设置在位于灭弧介质中的熔体402上。当施力构件406受到驱动装置驱动拉断熔体时，熔体402上形成的断口位于灭弧介质中。熔体与壳体400壳壁间通过密封件密封防止灭弧介质泄露。位于壳体400外部的施力构件406的形状也可以类似施力构件405的结构，但是如此结构可能会导致壳体400外施力构件406占据的空间相对较大。
图4结构的驱动装置可以是电动机、气缸、液压缸、气动马达、液力马达、或传动装置。其通过与驱动装置之间的连接实现驱动。传动装置例如为凸轮传动装置。在位于壳体400外部的施力构件端部设置成丁字状结构，凸轮对施力构件端部的平板处向外施加驱动力，则可驱动施力构件拉动熔体从而断开熔体。
上述图1至图4均为打断装置以直线位移方式打断熔体从而形成断口的几种结构的示意图。由上述内容可知，打断装置可以包含一个施力构件，也可以包含多个施力构件，根据需要，可以设置导引构件也可以不设置；当设置导引构件时，导引构件可以是一个也可以是多个，无需与施力构件一一对应，还可以是一对多，多对一的对应关系。不论熔体全部或部分位于灭弧介质中，熔体的机械式断口均必须在灭弧介质中形成。在施力构件、导引构件与壳体壳壁之间均设置有防止灭弧介质泄露的阻挡结构，阻挡结构可以是密封件结构，也可以是过盈配合结构，此外，阻挡结构也可以设置在在壳体外部或壳体内壁处，阻挡灭弧介质泄露。比如在导引构件所在一侧的壳体外部设置类似盖子结构，盖子以与壳体紧密接触的方式设置在壳体外部。盖子与导引构件端部间保留有足够的空隙供导引构件位移，保证导引构件在壳体壳壁间和盖子的空隙间位移即可。由于熔体打断过程所需时间非常短，最短为数毫秒级打断时间，在如此短的打断时间里，导引构件位移速度远大于灭弧介质的泄露速度，因此，灭弧介质从壳体中的泄露不会阻碍导引构件的位移，又由于有盖子作用，灭弧介质不会泄露至盖子外部，也就不会对电路中其他部件造成损害。
接下来，对打断装置以旋转位移方式断开熔体601的结构进行具体说明。参照图5，在壳体600的灭弧介质中设置有熔体601，熔体601的两端分别与穿设在壳体600上的导电端子602连接，导电端子602可与外部电路连接。在熔体601断开位置处两侧的壳体600壳壁的相对位置处设有通孔。打断装置包括旋转施力构件603，其为杆状结构；旋转施力构件603穿过灭弧介质，其两端分别穿设在通孔中。旋转施力构件603一端伸出壳体600外。在旋转施力构件603与壳体600壳壁接触面处设置有防止灭弧介质泄露的阻挡结构604。可以理解的是，壳体600的一部分可以设计为可旋转的结构，该部分直接作为打断装置的 旋转施力构件603使用并配置有安装轴以实现相对于壳体600其他部分转动。该部分转动时，可以以安装轴为轴转动，也可以设计成能够绕相对于安装轴有一定角度的轴线旋转，以对熔体601进行打断。此外，其他使用旋转打断方式的实施方案也可以参考使用该以部分壳体600作为旋转施力构件603的方案。
其中，阻挡结构604为密封结构，采用密封件密封，比如密封圈。熔体601穿设在旋转施力构件603的外周并通过旋转施力构件603固定。熔体601被夹持、固定在旋转施力构件603上。驱动装置(未图示)位于壳体600外部，与旋转施力构件603连接，为旋转施力构件603提供旋转驱动力。驱动装置可以是电机、齿轮传动装置等可为旋转施力构件603提供旋转驱动力，且必须是可通过接收外部激励电信号启动的驱动装置。机械薄弱处605设置在旋转施力构件603的外侧。在机械薄弱处605一侧设置有熔断薄弱处606。对于机械薄弱处605，不论是哪个图示中的旋转打断方式，其断开后的两侧熔体601在灭弧介质内的运动以及被灭弧介质包裹的时间等，可以参考上述关于直线打断的方案的介绍，并且同样可以设计相应的绝缘狭缝。总之，只要能够保障有良好的灭弧效果即可。
当熔体601为长条片状结构时，图5中的旋转施力构件603可以从熔体601的正面穿过夹持熔体601通过旋转位移断开熔体601，也可以从熔体601侧面夹持熔体601通过旋转位移断开熔体601。
参照图6和图7，多组打断装置分别以直线位移或旋转位移两种方式结合断开熔体的结构示意图。在壳体700中填充有灭弧介质，在灭弧介质中平行间隔设置有两根并联的熔体701、702，两熔体701、702的两端分别与穿设在壳体700上的导电端子703连接，导电端子703可与外部电路连接。在本实例中，熔体701、702为长条片状结构。在熔体701、702正面上方的壳体700上间隔开设有两通孔108，在两通孔108分别相对的另一侧壳体700壳壁上分别设置有凸台704和导柱705，在凸台704中开设有未穿透壳壁的孔。在两熔体701、702的与两个通孔108相对应的位置处分别设置有一组施力构件706和导引构件707。其中，施力构件706一端穿过壳壁上通孔108并伸出至壳体700外，另一端位于熔体701上面。导引构件707包括导引构件分件708和导引构件分件709，通过两分件套接组成。其中，导引构件分件708位于两熔体701、702间，其一端间隔设置有三个连接柱710，连接柱710穿过熔体701与熔体701固定连接，另一端位于熔体702上面。导引构件分件709与导引构件分件708连接的一端也间隔设置有三个连接柱710，导引构件分件709上的三个连接柱穿过熔体702与导引构件分件708位于熔体702上面的一端固定连接，从而形成完整的导引构件707，将熔体701和702固定在导引构件707上。导引构件707的另一端穿设在凸台704中的孔中，在导引构件707与孔底部间保留足够供导引构件707位移的间隙。在施力构件706和导引构件707与壳体700接触面处设置有防止灭弧介质泄露的阻挡 装置718。其中，采用密封件进行密封。将导引构件707处的密封件设置在限位凸台上，该限位凸台卡设在壳壁的凸台704上。施力构件706和导引构件707形成一个打断装置。
另外一组打断装置也包括施力构件711和导引构件712。施力构件711一端通过通孔108伸出壳体700外部，另一端位于熔体701上面。导引构件712包括导引构件分件713和导引构件分件714。导引构件分件713位于熔体701和熔体702间，其一端与熔体701固定连接，另一端位于熔体702上面。在导引构件分件714的上端间隔设置有数个连接柱，连接柱穿过熔体702与导引构件分件713固定连接，从而形成完整的导引构件712，将熔体701和熔体702固定在导引构件712上。在导引构件712的另一端的与导柱705相对应的位置处开设有卡槽715；导引构件712上的卡槽715卡设在导柱705外周，在导柱705端面与卡槽715底部之间保留有供导引构件712位移的空隙，在导引构件712的设置有卡槽715的端面与设置有导柱705的壳体700壳壁间保留足够供导柱705沿导柱705位移的距离。在施力构件711与壳壁接触面处设置有防止灭弧介质泄露的阻挡装置718，其中，阻挡装置为密封件。也可以通过过盈配合实现密封，或通过设置在壳体700内或壳体700外的机械阻挡结构来实现密封。
在两组打断装置间设置有支撑固定两熔体701、702的支撑臂716和支撑凸台717。熔体701穿设在支撑臂716上，被固定支撑，熔体702位于支撑凸台717上面，被固定支撑。
上述两打断装置在驱动装置(未图示)的驱动下，施力构件驱动导引构件并带动熔体位移，从而断开熔体，形成机械式断开断口。
在两个以直线位移方式断开熔体的打断装置的一侧还设置有以旋转位移方式断开熔体的打断装置。该打断装置包括旋转轴800，旋转轴800一端伸出壳体700一侧壳壁，在位于壳体700外的旋转轴800端部设置有旋转柄801。位于壳体700中的旋转轴800一端从两熔体701、702之间穿过并以可转动的方式设置在壳体700内壁上。将旋转轴800位于两熔体701、702间的部分设置为与两熔体701、702的一面贴合的块状结构，在两熔体701、702的另一面分别设置有压块，该压块与位于两熔体701、702间的块状结构部分固定连接，从而形成旋转轴800上的夹持组件802，将两熔体夹持、固定在旋转轴800上。
驱动装置作用在旋转柄801上或直接作用在旋转轴800上驱动旋转轴800转动断开两熔体701、702。由于旋转轴800从两熔体701、702的侧面的壳壁中穿设，其被夹持在熔体的两面上，因此，其断开效果比图5中的断开效果更好，形成的断口更大。当驱动装置驱动旋转柄801带动旋转轴800转动时，驱动装置可以是直线驱动装置，此时，旋转柄801为倾斜设置，驱动装置从高点向低点位移压迫旋转柄801带动旋转轴800转动。当驱动装置作用与旋转轴800时，此时驱动装置需提供直接给旋转轴800提供旋转力，此时，驱动装置可以是齿轮、皮带、链条等传动装置等。
在本公开中，当以直线位移方式断开熔体时，在打断装置断开熔体形成断口后，随着打断装置的持续位移，有可能带着断开的部分熔体脱离灭弧介质，进入设置在壳壁上的通孔中，或进入设置在壳壁上的位移空间中。在断口处产生的电弧则可能会有一小部分随着打断装置进入通孔或位移空间中，在这种情况下，断口产生的电弧大部分通过灭弧介质灭弧，小部分通过活塞和壳体形成的狭缝灭弧。
上述实施例着重描写了在壳体中填充有灭弧介质的情况下以机械方式打断熔体的结构示例。其中，针对熔体熔断的描写较少，不论是以何种机械式打断熔体结构，熔体的本质特征是熔断，当故障电流足够使熔体熔断时，则必然形成熔断断口。因此，在此没有大篇幅对其进行说明。比如，当故障电流较小或故障电流为零时，故障电流不足以使熔体熔断，此时，灭弧介质中的熔体仅存在机械式断开断口。当故障电流较大，熔断断口可在机械式断口产生前或之后产生；在故障电路非常大时，首先熔体熔断并产生熔断断口。熔体熔断断口产生后，需要依据分断电压的大小、熔断器体积大小等决定是否会还需形成机械式断开断口，通过在外部的控制装置中设定发出激励信号的条件即可实现。上述所有结构中，与熔体接触的施力构件及导引构件端均为绝缘材料。
在本公开的所有结构中，在打断装置的动作前后，灭弧介质必须位于壳体中，不能泄露，否则，泄露的灭弧介质会影响使用熔断器的设备仪器、单元、车辆等的性能。
上述不论以直线位移方式断开熔体还是以旋转位移方式断开熔体的结构，驱动装置均可以接收外部激励信号动作。驱动装置可以是电动机、气缸、液压缸、气动马达、液力马达、传动装置或其他可以根据外部激励信号动作的其他驱动装置。
本公开熔断器工作原理：
以直线位移方式断开熔体和以旋转位移方式断开熔体的工作原理相同，因此以图1的以直线位移方式的打断装置断开熔体为例进行说明。
当故障电流较小或故障电流为零但根据设定条件需断开熔体102时，此时故障电流不足以熔断熔体102；驱动装置105接收来自外部的激励信号，驱动由施力构件200、导引构件201及其间的部分熔体102组成的组合体一起向下位移，将熔体102从薄弱处204拉断并在灭弧介质101中形成断口，在灭弧介质101中灭弧，熔体102通过机械式打断方式断开，从而实现电路保护；
当故障电流较大时，大电流足以熔断熔体102，此时，在熔体102的熔断薄弱处205产生高温，熔体102熔断；熔体102熔断的同时，驱动装置105接收来自外部的激励信号，驱动由施力构件200、导引构件201及其间的熔体102部分组成的组合体一起向下位移，熔体102从薄弱处204被拉断，确保了熔体102的断开。由于较大故障电流存在一定电流范围，在这个电流范围内熔体102熔断所需的时间不同，因此，机械式断开断口可能在熔 断断口形成前形成，也可能在之后形成。
当故障电流很大时，熔体102首先熔断形成熔断断口，可以仅通过熔体102熔断断开电路；外部可以不发送激励信号至驱动装置105，打断装置不动作。
当没有故障电流产生时，也可以根据设定的条件向驱动装置105发出激励信号，促使驱动装置105驱动打断装置断开熔体102，断开电路。
综上所述，本公开的熔断器可以根据需要而单独通过机械式单独断开，也可以通过熔体单独熔断，也可以根据需要而通过机械断开和熔体熔断结合断开。提高了熔断器的电流分断范围和分断能力；同时，由于产生的电弧在灭弧介质中进行灭弧，且通过机械式拉断熔体形成断口，再随着打断装置的位移拉长了电弧距离，更易灭弧，提高了灭弧能力。另外，在施力构件和导引构件位移时，在施力构件和导引构件与壳体壁之间设置有阻挡结构，避免了灭弧介质泄露，提高了熔断器工作安全性。
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本公开的熔断器，可通过单独熔断、机械断开或两者结合断开熔体实现电路保护，拓宽分断电流范围，使熔断器全电流范围内分断，提高了熔断器分断能力及分断可靠性；将熔体分断口设置在密闭填充有灭弧介质的型腔内，提高了灭弧效果，同时防止了电弧外泄，提高了熔断器工作安全性；同时通过机械式断开熔体，缩短了分断时间；且本公开的熔断器结构简单，体积小。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，包括中空的壳体、在所述壳体中填充有灭弧介质，在所述壳体中至少设置有一条熔体，所述熔体两端分别与穿设在所述壳壁上的导电端子连接，所述导电端子可与外部电路连接；其特征在于，在所述壳体内设置至少一个以机械式方式断开熔体的打断装置；设置在所述壳体外部的驱动装置在接收外部激励信号后，驱动所述打断装置以直线位移方式、旋转位移方式的一种或两种组合方式断开所述熔体，使所述熔体在所述灭弧介质中形成至少一个断口；在所述打断装置与所述壳体壳壁间设置有防止所述灭弧介质泄露的阻挡结构；在位于所述灭弧介质中的所述熔体上设置有降低熔体机械式断开强度及易于熔断的薄弱处。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，以直线移动方式断开所述熔体的打断装置，所述打断装置包括分别设置于所述熔体两侧的至少一个施力构件及一个导引构件；所述施力构件的一端穿出所述壳壁；所述导引构件的一端穿设在所述壳壁上，当所述导引构件一端位于所述壳壁中时，其与所述壳壁间保留有供所述导引机构位移的空隙；在所述施力构件、所述导引构件与所述壳壁之间设置有防止所述灭弧介质泄露的阻挡结构；所述驱动装置驱动所述施力构件及所述导引构件位移断开所述熔体并形成断口。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，，所述灭弧介质采用灭弧固体颗粒、灭弧液体或者带有或不带有颗粒的灭弧胶体，所述施力构件与所述导引构件共同夹持所述熔体，在所述施力构件与所述熔体之间、所述导引构件与所述熔体之间无间隙或者具有灭弧介质不能通过的微小间隙；在所述施力构件带动所述熔体运动时，所述施力构件与所述导引构件在所述壳体内部部分的体积之和变化不明显。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，当所述驱动装置工作时，所述施力构件带动所述熔体在所述灭弧介质中运动，使得所述熔体被逐渐拉伸并在所述薄弱处形成所述断口，断开后的两侧熔体之间具有电弧通道，至少一侧的熔体和所述电弧通道的至少一部分路径处于所述灭弧介质中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，断开后的所述熔体两侧分别为阴极和阳极，所述阴极或者所述阳极能够在所述施力构件的带动下，移动到所述施力构件与所述壳体之间的绝缘狭缝中。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，以直线位移方式断开所述熔体的打断装置，包括至少一组施力构件；所述施力构件一端伸出所述壳体，另一端位于所述灭弧介质中的所述熔体的一侧或两侧；在所述施力构件与所述壳体壳壁间 设置有防止所述灭弧介质泄露的阻挡结构；所述驱动装置驱动所述施力构件拉断或推断所述熔体形成断口，当所述驱动装置工作时，所述施力构件带动所述熔体在所述灭弧介质中运动，使得所述熔体被拉伸并在所述熔体的机械强度薄弱位置或所述熔体的材料拉应力集中位置形成所述断口，断开后的所述熔体两侧分别为阴极和阳极，所述阴极和所述阳极之间为电弧路径，所述阴极和/或所述阳极仍处于所述灭弧介质中，部分或者全部的电弧路径处于所述灭弧介质中。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，以所述熔体与所述施力构件相近的位置为参考点，所述薄弱处与所述壳体之间和/或者所述参考点之间具有预设间距；
    所述预设间距使得所述断口与所述壳体和/或所述施力构件具有距离，所述熔体断开后的两端中的至少一端能够被所述灭弧介质包裹，并且所述断口周围无大于预设范围的空气空间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，所述薄弱处与所述参考点之间存在所述预设间距；
    所述熔体断开后的两部分分别为第一段和第二段，部分的所述第二段能够最终被挤到所述施力构件与所述壳体内的支撑结构之间的狭缝中。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，所述薄弱处与所述参考点之间存在所述预设间距；
    所述熔体断开后的两部分分别为第一段和第二段，所述第二段能够运动到和所述第一段分别处于所述施力构件的两侧。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，所述施力构件的宽度不小于断开后的所述第一段的断面宽度或者所述第二段的断面宽度，所述第一段和所述第二段分别处于所述施力构件的两侧后，所述施力构件形成所述第一段与所述第二段之间的绝缘墙。
  11. 根据权利要求8或9所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，所述施力构件与所述壳体接触的部分或者所述施力构件本身采用经电弧灼烧会产生灭弧气体的产气材料制成。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，以直线位移方式断开所述熔体的打断装置，包括至少一组施力构件；所述施力构件位于所述壳体外部，位于所述壳体中的熔体部分绕出所述壳体，在所述壳体外部形成呈U型或弧形结构；所述施力构件穿设在所述弧形结构中；在所述熔体与所述壳体壳壁间设置有防止所述灭弧介质泄露的阻挡结构；所述驱动装置驱动所述施力构件拉断所述熔体并形成断口，所述断 口位于灭弧介质中。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，以旋转位移方式断开所述熔体的打断装置，包括以可旋转方式穿设在所述壳体上的旋转施力构件或者是所述壳体的一部分结构可以旋转并作为所述打断装置的旋转施力构件，所述旋转施力构件部分位于所述壳体外部、部分位于所述灭弧介质中；所述熔体部分或全部穿设固定在位于所述灭弧介质中的旋转施力构件上；在所述旋转施力构件与所述壳体壳壁间设置有防止所述灭弧介质泄漏的阻挡结构；驱动装置驱动所述旋转施力构件以旋转位移方式断开所述熔体形成断口。
  14. 根据权利要求2～12中任一项所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，在所述熔体两侧设置有至少一组所述施力构件和所述导引构件；位于所述熔体两侧的所述施力构件和/或所述导引构件的一端与所述熔体固定连接并夹持所述熔体。
  15. 根据权利要求2～12中任一项所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，当所述导引构件穿设在所述壳体壁上的通孔中时，在所述导引构件位移前进方向设置有位移距离限位结构。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，位于所述灭弧介质中的所述旋转施力构件的一端呈夹子状夹持在所述熔体上。
  17. 根据权利要求1～16中任一项所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，所述驱动装置为可产生压力气体的气体发生装置、产生压力流体的流体发生装置、电动机、气缸、液压缸、气动马达、液力马达、或传动装置。
  18. 根据权利要求2、6、12任一所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，在以直线位移方式断开熔体的所述打断装置一侧的壳体中还设置有以旋转位移方式断开熔体的至少一个打断装置；所述以旋转位移方式断开熔体的至少一个打断装置包括以可旋转方式穿设在所述壳体上的旋转施力构件，所述旋转施力构件部分位于所述壳体外部、部分位于灭弧介质中；所述熔体穿设固定在位于所述灭弧介质中的旋转施力构件上；在所述旋转施力构件与所述壳体壳壁间设置有防止所述灭弧介质泄漏的阻挡结构；所述驱动装置驱动所述旋转施力构件以旋转位移方式断开所述熔体形成断口。
  19. 根据权利要求1、2、6、12～16中任一项所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器，其特征在于，在所述壳体内设置有支撑固定熔体的支撑固定装置。
  20. 一种配电单元或设备、储能设备、用电设备应用至少一个上权利要求1～19中任一项所述的熔断兼机械力断开熔体式熔断器。
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