WO2022121231A1 - 一种采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器 - Google Patents

一种采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022121231A1
WO2022121231A1 PCT/CN2021/092737 CN2021092737W WO2022121231A1 WO 2022121231 A1 WO2022121231 A1 WO 2022121231A1 CN 2021092737 W CN2021092737 W CN 2021092737W WO 2022121231 A1 WO2022121231 A1 WO 2022121231A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor
arc
casing
piston
fuse
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PCT/CN2021/092737
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
段少波
石晓光
戈西斌
王欣
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西安中熔电气股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022121231A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022121231A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/121—Protection of release mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/0039—Means for influencing the rupture process of the fusible element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/165—Casings
    • H01H85/175—Casings characterised by the casing shape or form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the fields of electric power control and electric vehicles, and in particular, to a multi-break excitation fuse adopting a rotating structure.
  • thermal fuses Another problem with thermal fuses is that they cannot communicate with external devices and cannot be triggered by signals other than current, such as signals from vehicle ECU, BMS or other sensors. If the circuit cannot be cut off in time when the vehicle is in a serious collision, soaked in water, or the battery temperature is too high after exposure, it may lead to serious incidents that the battery pack will burn and eventually damage the vehicle.
  • a fuse with a quick disconnection opening structure which mainly includes a gas generating device, a conductive plate and an accommodating cavity for receiving the dropped conductive terminals.
  • the gas generating device generates high-pressure gas to drive the piston
  • the conductive plate is punched, and the broken conductive plate falls down into the accommodating cavity, so as to realize the purpose of quick disconnection of the circuit.
  • the fuse is a single fracture, the arc extinguishing capacity is low, and it is difficult to break a large fault current. Therefore, the aforementioned fuse has limited arc extinguishing capacity and limited breaking capacity.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a multi-break energizing fuse to improve at least one of the above problems.
  • the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure are a multi-break energizing fuse adopting a rotating structure, which includes a housing, a conductor passing through the housing, and a gas generator arranged above the conductor from top to bottom.
  • the device also known as the excitation device, the trigger device
  • the piston are characterized in that circular arc-shaped grooves are respectively opened on the casing at both ends of the conductor in the length direction of the casing;
  • the conductors at the arc-shaped grooves are respectively provided with broken weak points; under the conductors between the broken weak points, a rotating support block that can be displaced along the arc-shaped grooves is respectively fixed and arranged;
  • the impact end of the piston is facing the broken weak point of the central part of the conductor; when the broken weak point is broken, the rotating support block can drive the conductor part located above it to move to the arc-shaped groove Inside.
  • a cavity is opened on the casing facing the piston under the conductor; when the piston is displaced downward to the dead center position, the rotating support block and the The conductor part can be displaced into the circular arc-shaped groove; the impact end of the piston is interference-fitted in the opposite cavity.
  • arc-extinguishing chambers may be provided on both sides of the cavity; and arc-extinguishing medium may be filled in the arc-extinguishing chambers.
  • both ends of the rotating support block along the conductor width direction are fixed on the housing through a rotating shaft.
  • the disconnected weak point is a disconnected notch.
  • the disconnecting notch is arranged on one side or both upper and lower surfaces of the conductor; the shape of the disconnecting notch is a U-shape, a V-shape or a combination thereof.
  • the casing includes a top casing, a middle casing and a lower casing; the top casing is located on the middle casing, and the conductor is located on the middle casing and the lower casing between the contact surfaces; the gas generating device is arranged in the top casing, the piston is located in the middle casing, and the arc-shaped groove is located in the middle casing and the lower casing.
  • a pressure cylinder is sleeved on the outer periphery of the top casing and the middle casing; the cavity under the conductor facing the piston is located in the lower casing.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the part of the rotating support block that is not combined with the conductor is an arc-shaped surface; the part of the rotating support block below the conductor that is close to the shell wall is attached to the arc located under the conductor.
  • the rotating support block with the disconnected conductor part fits completely in the circular arc-shaped groove in an interference fit manner.
  • the structure of the plunger of the piston includes a blade-like structure or an inverted conical structure.
  • materials of the housing, the piston and the support block are all insulating materials.
  • the material of the pressing cylinder is metal material.
  • a sealing device is provided at the contact surface between the piston and the housing.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a power distribution unit, the application including the excitation fuse according to any one of the above-mentioned first aspect.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an energy storage device, the application includes the excitation fuse according to any one of the above-mentioned first aspect.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a new energy vehicle, the application including the excitation fuse according to any one of the above-mentioned first aspect.
  • Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the excitation fuse before the embodiment is not disconnected;
  • Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the excitation fuse after the embodiment is disconnected;
  • Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the excitation fuse before the embodiment is not disconnected;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the excitation fuse after disconnection of the embodiment.
  • Reference numerals 1-upper shell; 2-lower shell; 3-conductor; 4-exciting device; 5-piston; 9-arc groove; 11-rotating shaft; 51-punch; 301-th 302-second breaking notch; 303-rotating support block; 21-first cavity; 22-second cavity; 9-sealing device.
  • the excitation fuse (also referred to as a trigger fuse) proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure includes a housing, a conductor 3, an excitation device (also referred to as a trigger device) 4, and an interruption device, wherein:
  • the casing as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , includes an upper casing 1 and a lower casing 2 , and a conductor 3 is provided between the upper casing 1 and the lower casing 2 . As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , a sealing device is provided between the contact surfaces of the upper casing 1 and the lower casing 2 .
  • the upper casing 1 is provided with a cavity penetrating the upper and lower ends, a limit step is set in the upper part of the cavity of the upper casing 1, and the excitation device 4 is placed on the limit step in the upper part of the cavity of the upper casing 1, and the excitation device 4 Limit, and then press the excitation device 4 through a pressing plate or a pressing sleeve (not shown), and set it in the cavity.
  • the excitation device 4 is a gas generator, which can receive a signal from the outside, ignite and release high-pressure gas as a driving force.
  • a piston 5 is provided in the cavity below the gas generator. When the piston 5 is in the original position, it is fixedly arranged in the cavity through the limiting device.
  • the principle of the limiting device is as follows: a convex block is provided on the piston 5, a groove is provided on the cavity wall at a position corresponding to the convex block, and the convex block on the piston 5 is embedded in the groove to realize the limit.
  • the structure of the punch 51 on the piston 5 may be a blade-like structure.
  • the structure of the punch 51 of the piston 5 may be a structure that can easily cut the conductor 3, such as an inverted taper, and is not limited here.
  • the piston 5 can break through the limiting device and move downward along the cavity.
  • the open end of the cavity of the upper casing 1 at the conductor 3 is an enlarged notch.
  • a circular arc-shaped groove 10 can be respectively formed on the side walls of the upper and lower casings 1 and 2 along the length direction of the conductor 3.
  • a first disconnection notch 301 penetrating the conductor 3 in the width direction is provided at the center of the conductor 3 in the cavity formed by the upper and lower casings 1 and 2 .
  • the positions of the cavity close to the shell wall are respectively symmetrically provided with second disconnection notches 302 .
  • a rotating support block 303 with an arc structure is respectively fixed under the conductor 3 between the first breaking notch 301 and the second breaking notch 302 , and the radian of the rotating support block 303 is the same as that of the circular arc groove 10 . .
  • the bottom of the rotary support block 303 is located at the bottom of the arc-shaped groove 10 near the conductor 3 , and a part of the rotary support block 303 fits on the concave surface of the enlarged notch of the lower casing 2 .
  • first cavities (also referred to as arc quenching cavities) 21 for arc extinguishing are respectively opened, and arc extinguishing media can be set in the first cavities 21.
  • a second cavity 22 is correspondingly opened on the lower housing 2 directly under the punch 51 of the piston 5 , and the cross-sectional shape of the second cavity 22 is the same as that of the punch 51 of the piston 5 .
  • the contact surfaces between the upper housing 1 and the lower housing 2 and the contact surfaces between the piston 5 and the cavity of the upper housing 1 in the above excitation fuse structure are in sealed contact respectively.
  • the upper casing 1 , the lower casing 2 , the piston 5 , and the rotating support block 303 are all made of insulating materials, and can be made by injection molding, embedding, and other processes.
  • the upper casing 1 is composed of top casings arranged sequentially from top to bottom.
  • the body 6 and the middle shell 7 are composed, and the top shell and the middle shell are connected by screws.
  • the excitation device 4 is arranged in the accommodating cavity of the top casing, the piston 5 is accommodated in the cavity of the middle casing, and a pressing cylinder 8 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the top casing and the middle casing.
  • the material of the pressing cylinder 8 can be selected from a metal material, which is mainly used for fixing the excitation device 4, the top casing and the middle casing, and the pressing cylinder 8 is fixed on the middle casing.
  • the impact end of the punch 51 of the piston 5 has a conical structure.
  • the conductor 3 is provided between the middle case and the lower case 2 .
  • the rotating support block 303 is fixedly arranged at the front and rear ends of the conductor 3, that is, the two ends in the width direction of the conductor 3.
  • a cavity for the punch 51 of the piston 5 to run downward is provided on the lower casing 2 facing the impact end of the punch 51 of the piston 5.
  • the punch 51 of the piston 5 and the lower casing The cavity of 2 has an interference fit. Through the interference fit, two continuous and complete lines are formed on the left and right and squeeze the arc, which can cut off the possible residual arc again.
  • the contact between the respective housings and between the piston 5 and the housing are all hermetic contact. That is, a sealing device 9 is provided at each contact surface.
  • Normal flow state current flows through both ends of the conductor 3 connected in series on the main circuit of the battery pack, and the excitation fuse provided in this embodiment can be regarded as a conductor.
  • the gas generator that is, the excitation device 4 in the excitation fuse
  • receives the disconnection signal from the outside ignites and detonates in a short time to generate high-pressure gas
  • the high-pressure gas pushes the piston 5 to break through the limit structure and continue to Moving down
  • the piston 5 cuts the conductor at the weak point in the middle of the conductor 3 to form an air fracture, and at the same time starts to push the combination of the conductor 3 and the rotating support block 303 to rotate to the outside, and the fractures located on both sides of the middle fracture of the conductor 3 also rotate with the supporting block.
  • 303 and the conductor 3 are disconnected due to the forced rotation of the conductor 3 to form three fractures.
  • the arc extinguishing principle is as follows:
  • the piston 5 squeezes the rotating assembly, so that the rotating support block 303 forms an interference fit with the arc-shaped groove 10 on the housing to cut off the arc.
  • the multi-fracture divides the arc into several small arc segments connected in series.
  • the multi-fracture lengthens the total length of the arc, and the speed at which the arc is elongated is multiplied, which is conducive to the cooling, recombination and diffusion of the arc, and makes the arc gap.
  • the resistance is accelerated to increase, the recovery speed of the medium strength is improved, and the arc extinguishing time is shortened.
  • the punch 51 has an interference fit with the cavity of the lower casing 2. Through the interference fit, two continuous and complete lines are formed on the left and right and squeeze the arc, which can cut off the possible residual arc.
  • the above excitation fuse provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can generate multiple fractures, realize efficient arc extinguishing, and improve arc extinguishing capability and breaking capability.
  • the breaking capacity of the single-break excitation fuse is about 8KA, and the breaking voltage is 400VDC; while the breaking capacity of the multi-break excitation fuse using the rotating structure is about 16KA, and the breaking voltage is 1000VDC.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts the rotating structure. The breaking capacity and breaking voltage of the multi-break excitation fuse are significantly improved.
  • the arc-extinguishing time of the single-break excitation fuse is about 0.6ms; while the arc-extinguishing time of the multi-break excitation fuse with a rotating structure is about 0.4ms, the arc-extinguishing ability is significantly improved, and the arc-extinguishing time is shortened.
  • the multi-break excitation fuse provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure has the same weight, the same volume, and no significant increase in cost.
  • the excitation fuse adopts a rotating structure, which can better improve the breaking capacity and arc extinguishing capacity of the fuse, and can shorten the arc extinguishing time.

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Abstract

一种采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，包括壳体、穿设在壳体中的导体、及自上而下设置在导体上方的气体发生装置和活塞，壳体内在导体长度方向两端的壳体上分别开设有圆弧形凹槽；在位于所述壳体内的导体的中心部位及位于两侧的所述圆弧形凹槽处的导体处分别设置有断开薄弱处；在断开薄弱处间的导体下面分别固定设置有可沿所述圆弧形凹槽位移的旋转支撑块；所述活塞的冲击端正对所述导体中心部位的断开薄弱处。本公开的激励熔断器，提高了分断能力和灭弧能力。

Description

一种采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2020年12月11日提交中国专利局的申请号为2020114610605、名称为“一种采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及电力控制和电动汽车领域，尤其涉及一种采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器。
背景技术
用于电路过电流保护的产品是基于流过熔断器电流产生的热量熔断的熔断器，存在主要的问题是如何选择与负载匹配的热熔熔断器。例如在保护新能源车主回路的情况，如果负载出现低倍数过载或短路的情况，选用低电流规格的熔断器不能防止电流短时间过冲的情况，如果选用高电流规格的熔断器不能满足快速保护的要求。目前向新能源车辆提供能量的锂电池包，在短路情况下输出电流大约是额定电流的几倍，熔断时间变长，熔断器保护时间不能满足要求，而这么大的电流足已损坏电池包中的电路器件，导致电池包发热起火燃烧。由于耐受电流发热和分断电流发热引起的熔化，都源于流过熔断器的电流，此种采用电流的发热熔断的保护器件无法在具有较大额定电流或耐受较强的短时过载/冲击电流(例如电动汽车启动或爬坡时的短时大电流)的条件下，以足够快的分断速度分断一定幅值故障电流，或者无法既能够以足够快的分断速度分断一定幅值故障电流，还能够实现较高额定电流，或耐受较大的过载/冲击电流而不损伤。
另外一个热熔熔断器存在的问题是不能和外部设备通讯，不能由除电流之外的其它信号触发，例如车辆ECU、BMS或者其它传感器发出的信号等。如果在车辆出现严重碰撞、泡水或者暴晒后电池温度过高等情况下不能及时切断电路，则有可能导致电池包燃烧最终损毁车辆的严重事件的发生。
目前，市场上已经存在一种具有快速分断的切断开口结构的熔断器，其主要包括气体发生装置、导电板和用于承接掉落的导电端子的容置腔，气体发生装置产生高压气体带动活塞冲断导电板，断裂后的导电板向下掉落至容置腔中，实现电路快速断开的目的。但是，其还存在有一些不足和缺陷,诸如，由于该熔断器为单断口，灭弧能力较低，难以分断大的故障电流，因此前述熔断器的灭弧能力有限，分断能力有限。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于提供一种多断口的激励熔断器，以改善以上问题至少之一。
本公开实施例提供了的技术方案一种采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，包括壳体、穿设在所述壳体中的导体、及自上而下设置在所述导体上方的气体发生装置(也称为激励装置、触发装置)和活塞，其特征在于壳体内导体长度方向两端的壳体上分别开设有圆圆弧形凹槽；在位于所述壳体内的导体的中心部位及位于所述圆弧形凹槽处的导体处分别设置有断开薄弱处；在所述断开薄弱处间的导体下面分别固定设置有可沿所述圆弧形凹槽位移的旋转支撑块；所述活塞的冲击端正对所述导体中心部位的断开薄弱处；当所述断开薄弱处断开时，所述旋转支撑块可带动位于其上面的导体部分位移至所述圆弧形凹槽内。
可选地，在所述导体下方正对所述活塞的壳体上开设有空腔；当所述活塞向下位移至死点位置时，所述旋转支撑块及断开后固定于其上的导体部分可位移至圆弧形凹槽中；所述活塞冲击端过盈配合于正对的所述空腔中。
可选地，在所述空腔的两侧可设置灭弧腔室；所述灭弧腔室中可填充灭弧介质。
可选地，沿导体宽度方向的旋转支撑块的两端通过旋转轴固定在壳体上。
可选地，所述断开薄弱处为断开凹口。
可选地，所述断开凹口设置在所述导体的一面或上下两面；所述断开凹口形状为U型、V型或其结合形状。
可选地，所述壳体包括由顶壳体、中壳体和下壳体；所述顶壳体位于所述中壳体上面，所述导体位于所述中壳体与所述下壳体的接触面间；所述气体发生装置设置在所述顶壳体中，所述活塞位于所述中壳体中，所述圆弧形凹槽位于所述中壳体和所述下壳体组成的壳体内壁上；在所述顶壳体和所述中壳体外周套设有压筒；位于所述导体下方的正对活塞的所述空腔位于所述下壳体中。
可选地，所述旋转支撑块未与导体结合部分的外周面为圆弧形面；所述导体下面的旋转支撑块靠近壳体壁的部分贴合在位于所述导体下面的所述圆弧形凹槽部分中；当活塞向下运行至死点位置时，所述旋转支撑块带着断开的导体部分以过盈配合方式完全贴合在所述圆弧形凹槽内。
可选地，所述激励装置包括气体发生器。
可选地，所述活塞的冲头的结构包括刃状结构或倒锥形结构。
可选地，所述壳体、所述活塞和所述支撑块的材质均为绝缘材质。
可选地，所述压筒的材质为金属材质。
可选地，所述活塞与所述壳体之间的接触面处设置有密封装置。
本公开实施例提供了一种配电单元，应用包括上述第一方面提供的任一项所述的激励熔断器。
本公开实施例提供了一种储能设备，应用包括上述第一方面提供的任一项所述的激励 熔断器。
本公开实施例提供了一种新能源汽车，应用包括上述第一方面提供的任一项所述的激励熔断器。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开的技术方案，下面将对其中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本公开的某些实现方式，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它相关的附图。
图1是实施例未断开前激励熔断器剖视结构示意图；
图2是实施例断开后激励熔断器剖视结构示意图；
图3是实施例未断开前激励熔断器剖视结构示意图；
图4是实施例断开后激励熔断器剖视结构示意图。
附图标记：1-上壳体；2-下壳体；3-导体；4-激励装置；5-活塞；9-圆弧形凹槽；11-旋转轴；51-冲头；301-第一断开凹口；302-第二断开凹口；303-旋转支撑块；21-第一空腔；22-第二空腔；9-密封装置。
具体实施方式
针对上述技术方案，现举实施例并结合图示进行具体说明。
本公开实施例提出的激励熔断器(也称为触发式熔断器)包括壳体、导体3、激励装置(也称为触发装置)4、打断装置，其中：
壳体，如图1和图2所示，包括上壳体1和下壳体2，在上壳体1和下壳体2之间设置有导体3。如图1和图2所示，上壳体1与下壳体2接触面间设置有密封装置。上壳体1上开设有贯通上下两端的空腔，在上壳体1空腔上部内开设有限位台阶，激励装置4放置在上壳体1空腔上部的限位台阶上，对激励装置4进行限位，然后通过压板或压套(未图示)压紧激励装置4，将其设置在空腔内。在本实施例中，激励装置4为气体发生器，其可接收来自外部的信号，点火释放高压气体作为驱动力。
在气体发生器的下方的空腔内设置有活塞5。活塞5在原始位置时通过限位装置固定设置在空腔内。限位装置的原理为：在活塞5上设置凸块，在空腔壁上与凸块对应的位置设置凹槽，活塞5上的凸块嵌入凹槽中实现限位。为了使活塞5受到外力能够在克服限位装置后实现更顺畅的位移，在该活塞5下端所在空腔处的壳壁上分别开设有竖直的滑槽，活塞5的下端对应滑槽位置处设置有可凸出活塞5本体的滑块，该滑块设置在滑槽内。当活塞5克服限位装置后，可沿着滑槽顺畅向下位移并冲击断开导体3。
为方便切断导体3，活塞5上的冲头51的结构可以为刃状结构。活塞5的冲头51的结构也可以是倒锥形等易于切断导体3的结构，在此不进行限制。在受到激励装置4驱动时，活塞5可冲破限位装置沿着空腔向下运动。上壳体1空腔位于导体3处的开口一端为扩大形状的凹口。
在位于导体3下面的下壳体2上面并与上壳体1扩大形状的凹口对应的位置处，开设有对称的扩大形状的凹口，在将上壳体1、下壳体2及导体3组装后，在沿导体3长度方向的上下壳体1、2两侧侧壁上可分别形成一个圆弧形凹槽10。在导体3位于上下壳体1、2组成的空腔中的中心部位开设有在宽度方向上贯通导体3的第一断开凹口301，在导体3的位于由上下壳体1、2组成的空腔中靠近壳壁的位置处分别对称开设有第二断开凹口302。在第一断开凹口301和第二断开凹口302间的导体3下面分别固定设置有弧形结构的旋转支撑块303，旋转支撑块303的弧度与圆弧形凹槽10的弧度相同。旋转支撑块303的底部位于圆弧形凹槽10靠近导体3处的底部，旋转支撑块303一部分贴合位于下壳体2的扩大形状的凹口的凹面上。当导体3断开后，在活塞5的强制冲击下，旋转支撑块303可带着断开的导体3部分沿着圆弧形凹槽10滑动，最终填满圆弧形凹槽10，彻底与外部电路断开。
在旋转支撑块303的下方的下壳体2上，分别开设有用于灭弧的第一空腔(也称为灭弧空腔)21，在第一空腔21内可设置灭弧介质，有利于灭弧。在正对活塞5的冲头51下方的下壳体2上对应开设有第二空腔22，该第二空腔22的横截面形状与活塞5的冲头51的横截面形状相同。当导体3断开后，活塞5继续向下位移至死点位置时，活塞5的冲头51则会以过盈配合方式进入第二空腔22中，通过过盈配合在左右形成连续完整的两条线并挤压电弧，能够再次切断可能残留的电弧。
上述激励熔断器结构的上壳体1与下壳体2接触面间、活塞5与上壳体1空腔接触面间分别为密封接触。上壳体1、下壳体2、活塞5、旋转支撑块303材质均为绝缘材质，可通过注塑、埋模等工艺制作。
如图3至图4所示，本公开实施例提出的另一种激励熔断器的结构与上述的激励熔断器的结构的主要区别在于，上壳体1由依次自上而下设置的顶壳体6和中壳体7组成，顶壳体和中壳体间通过螺纹连接。
激励装置4设置在顶壳体的容置空腔中，活塞5容置在中壳体的空腔中，在顶壳体和中壳体的外周，套设有压筒8。压筒8的材质可以选用金属材质，主要用于对激励装置4、顶壳体和中壳体进行固定，压筒8固定在中壳体上。活塞5的冲头51的冲击端为锥形结构。导体3设置在中壳体与下壳体2之间。旋转支撑块303固定设置在导体3下面的前后两端、即位于导体3宽度方向的两端，通过旋转轴11固定在中壳体上，旋转支撑块303可沿着旋 转轴11转动。在正对活塞5的冲头51冲击端的下壳体2上开设有供活塞5的冲头51向下运行的空腔，当活塞5到达死点位置，活塞5的冲头51与下壳体2的空腔过盈配合，通过过盈配合在左右形成连续完整的两条线并挤压电弧，能够再次切断可能残留的电弧。
上述说明中，各壳体之间、活塞5与壳体之间的接触均为密封性接触。即在各接触面处均设置有密封装置9。
上述激励熔断器的工作原理阐述如下：
正常通流状态：电流通过串联在电池包主回路上的导体3两端流通，本实施例提供的激励熔断器可视为一个导体。
电路断开操作：气体发生器(也即，激励熔断器中的激励装置4)接收到来自外部的断开信号，短时间点火起爆产生高压气体，高压气体推动活塞5突破限位结构并继续向下运动，活塞5在导体3中间薄弱处切断导体，形成空气断口，同时开始推动导体3和旋转支撑块303组合体向外侧旋转，位于导体3中间断口两侧的断口处也随着旋转支撑块303和导体3的强制性旋转而被断开形成三个断口，随着活塞5的继续向下位移，三个断口处逐渐拉开距离，随着活塞5运动到位，旋转支撑块303旋转90°到位，三个断口被完全打开，电流被切断，电路彻底断开。
灭弧原理如下：
在导体3和旋转支撑块303的旋转组合体转动过程中，活塞5挤压旋转组合体，使旋转支撑块303与壳体上的圆弧形凹槽10形成过盈配合，切断电弧。在熄弧时，多断口把电弧分割成多个相串联的小电弧段，多断口使电弧的总长度加长，电弧被拉长的速度成倍增加，有利于电弧冷却复合和扩散，使弧隙电阻加速增大，提高了介质强度的恢复速度，缩短了灭弧时间。断开后的左右导体3和旋转支撑块303的转动在圆弧形凹槽10处挤压形成狭缝，由于电弧在固体的狭缝中运动，一方面受到冷却，加强了去游离作用；另一方面电弧被拉长，弧径被压小，弧电阻增大，促使电弧熄灭。
同时，活塞5运动到死点位置时，冲头51与下壳体2的空腔过盈配合，通过过盈配合在左右形成连续完整的两条线并挤压电弧，能够再次切断可能残留的电弧。
本公开实施例提供的上述激励熔断器，可产生多个断口，实现高效灭弧，提高了灭弧能力和分断能力。
综上所述，和普通的激励熔断器相比，本公开实施例提供的激励熔断器具有的优势可通过如下数据充分说明：
1、单断口激励熔断器的分断能力在8KA左右，分断电压为400VDC；而采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器的分断能力在16KA左右，分断电压为1000VDC，本公开实施例提供的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器的分断能力和分断电压明显提高。
2、单断口激励熔断器的灭弧时间为0.6ms左右；而采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器的灭弧时间为0.4ms左右，灭弧能力明显提升、灭弧时间缩短。
3、本公开实施例提供的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器相比单断口激励熔断器而言，重量不变，体积不变，成本无明显增加。
工业实用性：
本公开提出的技术方案中，激励熔断器采用旋转结构，能够较好的提高熔断器的分断能力和灭弧能力，并且可缩短灭弧时间。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，其特征在于，包括壳体、穿设在所述壳体中的导体、及自上而下设置在所述导体上方的气体发生装置和活塞，所述壳体内的导体长度方向两端的壳体上分别开设有圆弧形凹槽；在位于所述壳体内的导体的中心部位及位于所述圆弧形凹槽处的导体处分别设置有断开薄弱处；在所述断开薄弱处间的导体下面分别固定设置有可沿所述圆弧形凹槽位移的旋转支撑块；所述活塞的冲击端正对所述导体中心部位的断开薄弱处；当所述断开薄弱处断开时，所述旋转支撑块可带动位于其上面的导体部分位移至所述圆弧形凹槽内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，其特征在于，在所述导体下方正对所述活塞的壳体上开设有空腔；当所述活塞向下位移至死点位置时，所述旋转支撑块及断开后固定于其上的导体部分可位移至圆弧形凹槽中；所述活塞冲击端过盈配合于正对的所述空腔中。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，其特征在于，在所述空腔的两侧设置灭弧腔室；所述灭弧腔室中填充灭弧介质。
  4. 根据权利要求2至3中任一项所述的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，其特征在于，沿导体宽度方向的旋转支撑块的两端通过旋转轴固定在壳体上。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，其特征在于，所述断开薄弱处为断开凹口。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，其特征在于，所述断开凹口设置在所述导体的一面或上下两面；所述断开凹口形状为U型、V型或其结合形状。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，其特征在于，所述壳体包括顶壳体、中壳体和下壳体；所述顶壳体位于所述中壳体上面，所述导体位于所述中壳体与所述下壳体的接触面间；所述气体发生装置设置在所述顶壳体中，所述活塞位于所述中壳体中，所述圆弧形凹槽位于所述中壳体和所述下壳体组成的壳体内壁上；在所述顶壳体和所述中壳体外周套设有压筒；位于所述导体下方的正对活塞的所述空腔位于所述下壳体中。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，其特征在于，所述旋转支撑块未与导体结合部分的外周面为圆弧形面；所述导体下面的旋转支撑块靠近壳体壁的部分贴合在位于所述导体下面的所述圆弧形凹槽部分中；当活塞向下运行至死点位置时，所述旋转支撑块带着断开的导体部分以过盈配合方式完全贴合在所述圆弧形凹槽内。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，其特征在于，所述活塞的冲头的结构包括刃状结构或倒锥形结构。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，其特征在于，所述壳体、所述活塞和所述支撑块的材质均为绝缘材质。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，其特征在于，所述压筒的材质为金属材质。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的采用旋转结构的多断口激励熔断器，其特征在于，所述活塞与所述壳体之间的接触面处设置有密封装置。
  13. 一种配电单元，其特征在于，应用包括至少一个上述权利要求1至12中任一项所述的激励熔断器。
  14. 一种储能设备，其特征在于，应用包括至少一个上述权利要求1至12中任一项所述的激励熔断器。
  15. 一种新能源汽车，其特征在于，应用包括至少一个上述权利要求1至12中任一项所述的激励熔断器。
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