WO2022121212A1 - 一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置及其清洗方法 - Google Patents
一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置及其清洗方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022121212A1 WO2022121212A1 PCT/CN2021/089553 CN2021089553W WO2022121212A1 WO 2022121212 A1 WO2022121212 A1 WO 2022121212A1 CN 2021089553 W CN2021089553 W CN 2021089553W WO 2022121212 A1 WO2022121212 A1 WO 2022121212A1
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- propeller
- underwater
- cleaning
- horizontal
- ship
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 37
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- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 241000238586 Cirripedia Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
- B63B59/06—Cleaning devices for hulls
- B63B59/08—Cleaning devices for hulls of underwater surfaces while afloat
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of ship propeller cleaning, in particular to an underwater cleaning device for a ship propeller and a cleaning method thereof.
- the ship propeller As the core component of ship propulsion, the ship propeller has good hydrodynamic performance and high propulsion efficiency. However, marine organisms such as barnacles and algae will adhere to the surface of the ship's propeller when sailing, resulting in biofouling, which increases the loss of fuel for the ship's sailing, and The working life of the propeller is shortened, resulting in huge economic losses, so the propeller needs to be cleaned regularly.
- propeller cleaning is mostly carried out by professional divers with relevant cleaning equipment into the water.
- artificial underwater operations are affected and restricted by conditions such as water depth, ocean currents, marine life, and divers themselves, resulting in traditional manual cleaning operations that cannot meet the safety and safety requirements. duration requirements.
- automated and intelligent underwater cleaning devices for ship propellers have gradually become the focus of current development and research.
- the installed cavitation cleaning disk cleans the blade surface, but the mechanical structure of the device lacks stable positioning during the cleaning process, and only relies on the interaction of the propellers to maintain the relative position in the water, which is greatly disturbed by ocean current fluctuations;
- a three-point positioning type propeller underwater cleaning device as described in patent ZL201810921297.3 improves the positioning stability when cleaning the blade surface, but the cleaning area after each positioning is limited, and the cleaning process needs to be changed continuously The positioning position is to ensure the complete cleaning of the blades, and the cleaning repetition rate is high; another example is an underwater hull cleaning robot described in patent ZL201510593564.5.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an underwater cleaning device for a ship propeller, which realizes stable positioning and intelligent cleaning of the device, and provides a cleaning method for the cleaning device.
- an underwater cleaning device for ship propellers comprising an inverted T-shaped frame, a control system hardware mechanism, a clamping and positioning claw mechanism, a cleaning module moving mechanism, and a horizontal propulsion mechanism respectively signally connected to the control system hardware mechanism.
- the vertical thruster assembly, the vertical thruster assembly, and the distance measuring sensor assembly, the inverted T-shaped frame is vertically arranged and stacked and interconnected to form the front mounting plate and the rear mounting plate.
- An inverted T-shaped structure is formed, the clamping and positioning claw mechanism is mounted on the bottom surface of the horizontal mounting plate, the cleaning module moving mechanism is mounted on the plate surface of the front mounting plate, and the control system hardware mechanism Installed on the board surface of the rear mounting plate, the horizontal thruster assembly is horizontally arranged around the whole formed by the front mounting plate and the rear mounting plate, and the front mounting plate and the control system hardware mechanism are respectively connected with the A horizontal thruster assembly is connected, the vertical thruster assembly is mounted on the upper part of the rear mounting plate, and the ranging sensor assembly is mounted on the upper surface of the horizontal mounting plate at the front of the front mounting plate.
- the clamping and positioning claw mechanism includes four positioning claw, which are respectively a first positioning claw, a second positioning claw, a third positioning claw and a fourth positioning claw, as well as a supporting base plate, a positioning claw Observation system, the supporting base plate is fixed to the bottom surface of the horizontal installation plate, the four positioning claws are divided into two groups at intervals and are respectively symmetrically installed on the bottom surface of the supporting base plate, and the positioning observation system is located in the four positions. The middle part of the positioning claw is installed on the bottom surface of the supporting base plate.
- the positioning claw includes a claw drive motor, a first fixed seat, a second fixed seat, a fixed arm, a coupling, a movable arm, a movable arm connecting shaft, a first electric push rod, and a movable arm.
- the connecting shaft of the movable arm, the second electric push rod, the pressure sensor, the first fixed seat and the second fixed seat are fixed on the support base plate at a relative interval
- the claw drive motor is installed on the support
- one end of the fixed arm is connected to the claw drive motor through the coupling between the first fixed seat and the second fixed seat
- one end of the movable arm is connected through the movable arm
- the boom connecting shaft is hinged with the other end of the fixed arm
- the first electric push rod is installed between the two arms as a power source for the rotation of the movable boom
- one end of the movable arm is connected to the shaft through the movable forearm
- the second electric push rod is installed between the two arms as a power source for the rotation of the movable arm
- a positioning block is installed on the movable arm and the movable arm.
- the cleaning module moving mechanism includes a vertical moving mechanism, a horizontal moving mechanism, a three-dimensional laser scanner, a cavitation jet gun, a multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator, and a cleaning observation system
- the vertical moving mechanism is vertically installed on the On the front mounting plate
- the horizontal moving mechanism is installed on the vertical moving mechanism
- the cavitation jet gun is installed on the horizontal moving mechanism through the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator
- the scanner is installed on the horizontal moving mechanism on one side of the cavitation jet gun
- the cleaning and observation system is arranged at intervals in the front of the three-dimensional laser scanner and is located below it
- the cleaning and observation system includes cleaning An observation mechanism installation plate
- the cleaning and observation mechanism installation plate is installed on the horizontal moving mechanism, and a cleaning and observation underwater lamp and a cleaning and observation underwater camera for observing the cleaning effect of the propeller surface are fixed at horizontal intervals.
- the vertical moving mechanism includes a vertical drive motor, a slide rail, and a ball screw.
- the direction driving motor and the ball screw are respectively installed on the front mounting plate between the two, and the vertical direction driving motor is connected with the ball screw;
- the horizontal moving mechanism includes an L-shaped base plate , The horizontal drive motor, the second slide rail, the second ball screw, and the component integrated mounting plate, the vertical surface of the L-shaped bottom plate is erected and installed on the two slide rails and connected with the ball screw one,
- the second sliding rail is provided with two parallel intervals on the horizontal inner surface of the L-shaped base plate, and the horizontal driving motor and the second ball screw are respectively installed on the L-shaped base plate horizontally between the two.
- the horizontal drive motor is connected with the second ball screw
- the component integrated mounting plate is erected on the two sliding rails and connected with the second ball screw
- the scanner, the cavitation jet gun, the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator, and the cleaning and observation system are respectively mounted on the component integrated mounting plate.
- control system includes an electronic cabin, an electric power cabin and a manipulator control cabin, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom.
- the horizontal thruster assembly includes four horizontal thrusters, namely a first horizontal thruster, a second horizontal thruster, a third horizontal thruster, and a fourth horizontal thruster, and also includes a thruster mounting seat, so The first horizontal thruster and the second horizontal thruster are respectively installed on the front mounting plate at horizontal intervals through one of the thruster mounting seats, and the cleaning module moving mechanism is located between them, and the third horizontal thruster is located between them.
- the horizontal thruster and the fourth horizontal thruster are respectively installed on opposite sides of the hardware mechanism of the control system at horizontal intervals;
- the vertical thruster assembly includes a first vertical thruster and a second vertical thruster, so The first vertical thruster and the second vertical thruster are mounted on the rear mounting plate at a horizontal interval, and the control system hardware mechanism is located therebetween.
- the ranging sensor assembly includes a first underwater ultrasonic ranging sensor and a second underwater ultrasonic ranging sensor, the first underwater ultrasonic ranging sensor and the second underwater ultrasonic ranging sensor are respectively Installed at the two top corners of the front end of the horizontal mounting plate.
- a cleaning method for the above-mentioned ship propeller cleaning device comprising the following steps:
- Step 1 hoist the underwater cleaning device of the ship's propeller
- the underwater propeller cleaning device of the ship is put into the seawater in the area where the propeller is to be cleaned through the crane on the ship deck or the shore.
- the operator monitors the underwater cleaning device through the water console on the ship or shore, and the water The picture taken under the picture is fed back on the observation interface of the water console;
- Step 2 Positioning and clamping
- the water operator controls the horizontal propeller assembly and the vertical propeller assembly on the underwater propeller cleaning device of the ship to move together, and moves the underwater propeller cleaning device of the ship to the area above the propeller shaft to be cleaned;
- Use the data feedback collected by the ranging sensor component to fine-tune the position of the underwater propeller cleaning device of the ship, so that it is in the area directly above the propeller shaft.
- the operator sends the opening and clamping positioning card to the hardware mechanism of the control system.
- the command of the claw mechanism controls the opening of the clamping and positioning claw mechanism to the maximum expansion amount; sends the command to continue diving to the hardware mechanism of the control system, so that the underwater propeller cleaning device of the ship falls on the propeller shaft, and sends the command to the hardware mechanism of the control system Contract the command of clamping and positioning the jaw mechanism to complete the action of holding the shaft and clamping;
- Step 3 Identify the blade profile
- the movement of the cleaning module moving mechanism is controlled, and the model contour of the single side of the propeller blade to be cleaned is obtained by scanning and identifying the overall contour of the propeller blade;
- Step 4 Circulation cleaning of the front of the blade
- the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator path planning and control method is used to drive the cleaning module moving mechanism to carry out the cleaning operation according to the planned path.
- the operator observes the cleaning effect of the propeller in real time.
- the cleaning module moving mechanism is reset, the clamping and positioning claw mechanism is released, and the movement of the thruster assembly in the horizontal direction is controlled, so that the underwater cleaning device of the ship propeller rotates around the shaft to the next blade.
- the propeller repeat step 4, and then complete the single-sided cleaning of the entire propeller to be cleaned;
- Step 5 Cleaning the back of the blade
- the underwater cleaning device of the ship propeller realizes the complete cleaning of the other side of the propeller to be cleaned by clamping the propeller cap at the front end of the propeller shaft, and then completes the overall cleaning of the propeller to be cleaned;
- Step 6 Recovery of cleaning device
- the underwater cleaning device of the ship propeller loosens the clamping and positioning claw mechanism and retracts, and the crane recovers the underwater cleaning device of the ship propeller back to the ship or shore through the cable to complete a cleaning operation cycle.
- a cleaning method for a ship propeller cleaning device characterized in that:
- step 2 the positioning and clamping includes the following steps:
- Step 1 Collect the real-time image information of the bottom of the underwater propeller cleaning device of the ship through the positioning observation underwater light and the positioning observation underwater camera on the positioning observation system of the clamping and positioning jaw mechanism, and transmit the image signal back to the computer
- the control system is displayed on the observation interface
- Step 2 The water operator controls the horizontal thruster assembly and the vertical thruster assembly to cooperate with each other according to the collected images, and moves the underwater propeller cleaning device of the ship to the area above the propeller shaft to be cleaned; specifically, the upper position
- the machine sends a signal to the control system hardware mechanism according to the operator's instruction. After receiving the signal, the control system hardware mechanism sends a digital signal to the corresponding horizontal thruster assembly or vertical thruster assembly, thereby realizing the underwater cleaning of the ship's propeller. control of the thrusters of the installation;
- Step 3 According to the data feedback collected by the ranging sensor component, perform horizontal and radial fine-tuning of the position of the underwater propeller cleaning device of the ship, so that it is in the area directly above the propeller shaft. At this time, the operator sends a message to the host computer The command to open the jaws controls the opening of the clamping and positioning jaw mechanism to the maximum expansion amount;
- Step 4 Send the command to continue diving to the hardware mechanism of the control system to control the movement of the vertical thruster assembly, so that the underwater propeller cleaning device of the ship continues to move down directly above the propeller shaft, and each distance value returned by the ranging sensor assembly Adjust the underwater attitude of the underwater propeller cleaning device of the ship;
- Step 5 Send the command to shrink the jaws to the hardware mechanism of the control system, control the reverse movement of the clamping and positioning jaw mechanism, and the pressure sensor of the clamping and positioning jaw mechanism collects the pressure data P, when P satisfies Pmin ⁇ P ⁇ Pmax , all the first electric push rods and the second electric push rods on the clamping and positioning jaw mechanism stop working, where Pmin indicates the minimum extrusion force of the clamping propeller shaft, Pmax indicates the maximum extrusion force of the clamping propeller shaft, Thus, the positioning and clamping of the propeller shaft by the underwater propeller cleaning device of the ship is completed;
- step 3 the method for scanning and identifying the overall profile of the propeller blade includes the following steps:
- Step 1 According to the scanning range of the 3D laser scanner on the cleaning module moving mechanism, the corresponding propeller blade scanning station is set in the X 0 OY 0 plane formed by the movement of the 3D laser scanner driven by the cleaning module moving mechanism to ensure that The overlap between the point cloud data scanned at each two stations is between 10%-20%;
- Step 2 Control the 3D laser scanner to arrive at the set site in turn, each time it reaches a site, the horizontal moving mechanism stops working, the 3D laser scanner starts to work, set the center of the 3D laser scanner as the coordinate origin, and establish the space Cartesian coordinates system, X 1 , Y 1 are planes, Z 1 is the vertical direction, Q is the distance from the coordinate point to the monitoring point, ⁇ is the horizontal angle measured by the scanner, ⁇ is the vertical angle measured by the scanner.
- the spatial coordinates of the cleaning propeller target point M relative to the coordinate origin, the calculation formula is as follows:
- Step 3 Perform coordinate transformation on a set of point cloud data in the adjacent two sets of sites to obtain the point cloud coordinates of the set of data in the adjacent coordinate system, and then realize the point cloud data splicing of the adjacent two sets of sites.
- the splicing point cloud coordinates are:
- R is the rotation matrix between the two coordinates.
- Step 4 Perform noise processing, noise removal, redundant point processing, and point cloud quantity optimization on the point cloud data, and export the processed transport bureau into a corresponding format file;
- Step 5 Import the point cloud data file into the corresponding modeling software, the point cloud data becomes an editable polygon mesh model, and the entire surface of the model is covered in the form of a triangular mesh to create a complete smooth mesh model, and the model is completed. Then carry out corresponding repairs, and finally get the model outline of the propeller blade surface to be cleaned, and send it back to the computer control system;
- step 4 the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator path planning and control method includes the following steps:
- Step 1 In the cleaning module moving mechanism, establish a fixed reference coordinate system with the initial position of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator holder relative to the horizontal moving mechanism and the vertical moving mechanism, which is represented as ⁇ 0 ⁇ ;
- Step 2 Establish the coordinate system ⁇ i ⁇ of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator link joint, and set the intersection point of the joint i-1 of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator and the common perpendicular of the two axes of i and the i axis as the link coordinate is the origin of ⁇ i ⁇ , the axis of joint i is the Z i axis of ⁇ i ⁇ , the common normal of joint i and i+1 axis is the X i axis of ⁇ i ⁇ , and the right-hand rule determines the Y i axis of ⁇ i ⁇ , So far, the definition of the connecting rod coordinate system ⁇ i ⁇ is completed. Similarly, the coordinate systems ⁇ i-1 ⁇ and ⁇ i+1 ⁇ are defined in turn, and the coordinate system of the end effector is ⁇ n ⁇ ;
- Step 3 Obtain the pose expression formula of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator end-effector relative to the fixed reference coordinate system ⁇ 0 ⁇ :
- the model contour of the blade surface to be cleaned is obtained, and the positioning jaw mechanism
- the underwater cleaning device of the ship propeller obtained by the control method of clamping the propeller shaft and the propeller to be cleaned are relatively fixed, and combined with the effective cleaning range of the cavitation jet gun, the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator cleaning is obtained by synthesizing the three data information by the control computer
- the desired pose of the end effector on the complete blade surface relative to the reference coordinate system ⁇ 0 ⁇ expressed as:
- n, o, a are the space vectors determined by the azimuth angle of the manipulator in the three-dimensional space;
- P is the position coordinate of the end effector;
- r 11 -r 33 represent each rotation angle;
- Step 4 Set the coordinate transformation matrix between the coordinate systems of each joint: According to the coordinate system established in step 2, the spatial relationship between the two adjacent links of the underwater manipulator is established through a 4 ⁇ 4 homogeneous transformation matrix, and the coordinate transformation relationship matrix for:
- a i is the link length between adjacent joints
- ⁇ i is the link torsion angle
- d i is the link distance
- ⁇ i is the link angle
- Step 5 Obtain the rotation angle of each joint of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator, and obtain the pose relationship matrix of the two adjacent coordinate systems according to Step 4: It can be known that the position coordinates of the end effector of the manipulator are represented by the reference coordinate system ⁇ 0 ⁇ as:
- the computer calculates the angle of each joint angle ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 .
- the joint trajectory planning function is obtained by solving the six undetermined coefficients, and the joint trajectory planning of all the joints of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator can be completed according to the above method, and the joint space trajectory planning of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator can be completed. It is possible to plan the movement trajectory of the end effector when the ship propeller underwater cleaning device cleans the blades, take 100 points on the planned path curve as the end position points of the manipulator, and insert another 100 points between the adjacent two points. The 100 points are both the starting point and the ending point respectively. Every two adjacent points uses a quintic polynomial to perform point-to-point interpolation calculation. According to this method, the trajectory planning of each joint point is calculated. The manipulator controller controls the motion of the manipulator according to the calculated joint space trajectory planning, thereby realizing the complete cleaning of the propeller blade surface to be cleaned.
- the device clamps the propeller shaft to locate the relative position of the underwater cleaning device and the blade surface of the propeller to be cleaned through the clamping and positioning claw mechanism, so as to eliminate the seawater in the cleaning process.
- the hardware mechanism of the control system can automatically plan the corresponding cleaning path of the robot according to the profile of the blade identified by scanning, and control the robot to drive the cavitation cleaning gun to move according to the planned path to achieve efficient cleaning.
- the device can quickly and automatically locate the clamping position of the cleaning device, and plan the optimal cleaning path before cleaning, thereby further improving the cleaning efficiency and the automation and intelligence of the entire cleaning process.
- Fig. 1 is the front cleaning figure of the propeller of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is the axonometric view of the underwater cleaning device of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is the rear view of the underwater cleaning device of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a front view of the clamping and positioning jaw structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the clamping and positioning jaw structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the clamping and positioning jaw structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the cleaning module of the present invention.
- Fig. 8 is the working schematic diagram of the fixing arm of the clamping and positioning jaw mechanism of the present invention.
- Fig. 9 is the working schematic diagram of the movable arm of the clamping and positioning jaw mechanism of the present invention.
- Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of establishing a coordinate system of a multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator
- Figure 11 is a composition diagram of the central control system
- Figure 12 is a flow chart of an underwater cleaning method.
- An underwater cleaning device for a ship propeller includes an inverted T-shaped frame 6, a system hardware mechanism 4, and a clamping and positioning claw mechanism 3 that is signally connected to the control system hardware mechanism 4, cleaning Module moving mechanism, horizontal thruster assembly, vertical thruster assembly, ranging sensor assembly.
- the inverted T-shaped frame 6 is composed of the front mounting plate 52 and the rear mounting plate 20 that are vertically arranged and stacked and interconnected, and the upper surface of a horizontal mounting plate 19 is vertically fixed to form an inverted T-shaped structure, and the positioning claws are clamped.
- the mechanism 3 is mounted on the bottom surface of the horizontal mounting plate 19 .
- the clamping and positioning jaw mechanism 3 includes four positioning jaws, namely a first positioning jaw 31 , a second positioning jaw 32 , a third positioning jaw 33 , and a fourth positioning jaw 34 , as well as a supporting base plate 35 ,
- the positioning and observation system 36, the support base plate 35 and the bottom surface of the horizontal mounting plate 19 are fixed, the four positioning claws are divided into two groups at intervals and are respectively symmetrically installed on the bottom surface of the support base plate 35, and the positioning and observation system 36 is in the middle of the four positioning claws. It is mounted on the bottom surface of the support base plate 35 .
- the positioning observation system 36 includes a positioning observation underwater light and a positioning observation underwater camera.
- each set of positioning claws are not on the same line, and there is a distance difference between the two claw widths, which ensures that the shrinkage range of each set of positioning claws is larger than that of the same straight installation position.
- the applicable range of large clamping propeller shaft is not on the same line, and there is a distance difference between the two claw widths, which ensures that the shrinkage range of each set of positioning claws is larger than that of the same straight installation position.
- the positioning claw includes a claw drive motor 315, a first fixed seat 313, a second fixed seat 314, a fixed arm 37, a coupling 312, a movable arm 38, a movable arm connecting shaft 316, a first electric push rod 310,
- the movable arm 39, the connecting shaft 317 of the movable arm 39, the second electric push rod 311, the pressure sensor 318, the first fixed seat 313 and the second fixed seat 314 are fixed on the support base plate 35 at relative intervals, and the claw drive motor 315 is installed On the support base plate 35, one end of the fixed arm 37 is connected to the claw drive motor 315 through the coupling 312 between the first fixed seat 313 and the second fixed seat 314, and one end of the movable arm 38 is connected by the movable arm connecting shaft 316.
- a first electric push rod 310 is installed between the two arms as the power source for the rotation of the movable arm 38.
- One end of the movable arm 39 connects the shaft 317 with the movable arm 38 through the movable arm 39
- One end is hinged, and a second electric push rod 311 is installed between the two arms as a power source for the rotation of the movable arm 39 .
- the pressure feedback of the pressure sensor 318 on the surface of the clamping propeller shaft ensures the reliable positioning of the propeller shaft of the propeller 1 to be cleaned by the clamping and positioning claw mechanism 3 .
- the cleaning module moving mechanism is installed on the surface of the front mounting plate 52.
- the cleaning module moving mechanism includes a vertical moving mechanism 5, a horizontal moving mechanism 7, a three-dimensional laser scanner 16, a cavitation jet gun 21, and a multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator 18.
- vertical moving mechanism 5 is vertically installed on front mounting plate 52, vertical moving mechanism 5 includes vertical direction drive motor 51, slide rail one, ball screw one, slide rail one is on the front mounting plate There are two vertical and parallel intervals on the 52, the vertical drive motor 51 and the ball screw are respectively installed on the front mounting plate 52 between the two, and the vertical drive motor 51 is connected with the ball screw;
- the moving mechanism 7 is installed on the vertical moving mechanism 5, and the horizontal moving mechanism 7 includes an L-shaped base plate, a horizontal drive motor 71, a second slide rail, a second ball screw, and a component integrated mounting plate.
- the vertical surface of the L-shaped base plate is It is erected and installed on two sliding rails and connected with the first ball screw.
- the second sliding rail is provided with two parallel intervals on the horizontal inner surface of the L-shaped base plate.
- the horizontal driving motor 71 and the second ball screw are respectively on the two It is installed on the horizontal inner surface of the L-shaped base plate, the horizontal drive motor 71 is connected with the second ball screw, the component integrated mounting plate is erected on the two slide rails and connected with the second ball screw, the cavitation jet
- the gun 21 is installed on the component integrated mounting plate through the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator 18.
- the cavitation jet gun 21 and the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator 18 are both components of the prior art.
- One side is mounted on the component integrated mounting plate, and the cleaning and observation system 17 is arranged at intervals in the front of the three-dimensional laser scanner 16 and is located below it.
- a cleaning and observation underwater light 172 and a cleaning and observation underwater camera 173 for observing the cleaning effect of the propeller surface are fixed at horizontal intervals.
- the three-dimensional laser scanner 16 is used to scan the profile of the blade of the propeller 1 to be cleaned, and the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator 18 drives the cavitation jet gun 21 to move according to the planned path.
- the control system hardware mechanism 4 is installed on the board surface of the rear mounting plate 20, and the horizontal thruster assembly is horizontally arranged around the whole formed by the front mounting plate 52 and the rear mounting plate 20.
- the horizontal thruster assembly includes four horizontal thrusters, respectively. It is the first horizontal thruster 8, the second horizontal thruster 9, the third horizontal thruster 10, the fourth horizontal thruster 11, and also includes the thruster mounting seat 91, the first horizontal thruster 8, the second horizontal thruster 9
- a thruster mounting seat 91 is installed on the front mounting plate 52 at horizontal intervals, the cleaning module moving mechanism is located between the two, and the third horizontal thruster 10 and the fourth horizontal thruster 11 are respectively installed on the control system hardware mechanism at horizontal intervals. 4 on the opposite sides of the hardware mechanism frame and are connected to it respectively.
- the vertical thruster assembly is mounted on the upper part of the rear mounting plate 20, and the vertical thruster assembly includes a first vertical thruster 12, a second vertical thruster 13, a first vertical thruster 12 and a second vertical thruster 13 is mounted on the rear mounting plate 20 at a horizontal interval, and the control system hardware mechanism 4 is located between the two.
- the ranging sensor assembly is mounted on the upper surface of the horizontal mounting plate 19 at the front of the front mounting plate 52.
- the ranging sensor assembly includes a first underwater ultrasonic ranging sensor 14, a second underwater ultrasonic ranging sensor 15, and a first underwater ultrasonic ranging sensor 15.
- the lower ultrasonic ranging sensor 14 and the second underwater ultrasonic ranging sensor 15 are respectively installed at the two top corners of the front end of the horizontal mounting plate 19 .
- the control system is composed of the upper computer 100 and the lower computer 200, and the communication between the upper computer 100 and the lower computer 200 is completed by establishing a local area network.
- the upper computer 100 is composed of an industrial integrated computer, a 24V switching power supply, a remote control handle, etc. It is mainly used to monitor the running state of the underwater robot and send commands to the lower computer 200 to control the movement of the underwater robot.
- the upper computer 100 is the lower computer 200 Provide 220V voltage and 24V voltage;
- the lower computer 200 is composed of a microprocessor, a power supply system and monitoring and monitoring sensors.
- the microprocessor is connected to a data acquisition card for sending and receiving digital signals and analog signals.
- the power supply system includes commercial power , 24V switching power supply, 12V switching power supply and various power conversion modules to supply power to each controller and driver in the electronic compartment 41 of the cleaning device.
- the monitoring and monitoring sensor is responsible for monitoring the failure of the body, the cleaning process, the cleaning quality and the monitoring of various state quantities during the clamping and positioning process.
- the control system hardware structure 4 includes an electronic cabin 41, an electric power cabin 42 and a manipulator control cabin 43.
- the lower computer 200 mentioned in the above control system is distributed in the control system hardware structure 4, wherein the microprocessor and monitoring monitoring of the lower computer 200
- the sensors are located in the electronics compartment 41 and the power supply system is located in the power compartment 42 .
- the power supply system in the power cabin provides the required power supply voltage for all equipment of the underwater propeller cleaning device of the ship, and the manipulator control cabin 43 is provided with a multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator controller.
- the microprocessor in the electronic cabin 41 includes the propeller system controller, the two-degree-of-freedom mechanism controller, the positioning mechanism controller and the auxiliary equipment controller.
- the electronic cabin 41 contains paths for propeller shaft positioning, blade profile scanning identification and cleaning
- the planned integrated control system; the cleaning module, the clamping and positioning claw mechanism, and the propeller movement device of the underwater cleaning device of the ship propeller are all connected to the upper computer 100 through the cleaning device electronic cabin 41, and the operator completes the cleaning of the ship through the upper computer 100.
- the motion monitoring and command transmission of the propeller underwater cleaning device finally realizes the complete cleaning of the propeller blades.
- a cleaning method for the above-mentioned ship propeller cleaning device includes the following steps:
- Step 1 hoist the underwater cleaning device 2 of the ship's propeller
- the ship propeller underwater cleaning device 22 is put into the seawater of the area where the propeller 1 to be cleaned is located through the crane on the ship deck or the shore, and the operator monitors the ship propeller underwater cleaning device 2 through the water console on the ship or on the shore, Feedback the images captured underwater on the observation interface of the water console through network communication;
- Step 2 Positioning and clamping
- the water operator controls the horizontal propeller assembly and the vertical propeller assembly on the underwater propeller cleaning device 2 to cooperate with each other to move the underwater propeller cleaning device 2 to the position of the propeller shaft to be cleaned.
- Upper area use the data feedback collected by the first underwater ultrasonic ranging sensor and the second underwater ultrasonic ranging sensor to fine-tune the position of the underwater propeller cleaning device 2 of the ship, so that it is in the area directly above the propeller shaft , at this time, the operator sends the command to open the jaws to the upper computer.
- the lower computer controls the positioning jaws to open to the maximum expansion amount; and sends the command to continue diving to the lower computer, so that the propeller of the ship is underwater.
- the cleaning device 2 falls on the propeller shaft, sends a command to shrink the positioning jaws to the upper computer, and controls the reverse movement of the first electric push rod and the second electric push rod to complete the action of holding the shaft and clamping; this step adopts the propeller shaft
- the clamping and positioning control method realizes the positioning and clamping of the underwater propeller cleaning device 2 of the ship on the shaft of the propeller 1 to be cleaned;
- the positioning and clamping method of the underwater ship propeller cleaning device 2 involved in this step specifically includes the following steps:
- the first step through the positioning and observation underwater lights and positioning and observation underwater cameras in the positioning and observation system, the real-time image information of the bottom of the ship propeller underwater cleaning device 2 is collected, and the image signal is sent back to the computer control system. displayed on the
- the second step the water operator controls the horizontal thruster assembly and the vertical thruster assembly to move together according to the collected images, and moves the underwater propeller cleaning device 2 of the ship to the area above the propeller shaft to be cleaned; specifically, the upper position
- the machine sends a signal to the lower computer according to the operator's instruction.
- the lower computer After receiving the signal, the lower computer sends a digital signal to the corresponding propeller controller, thereby realizing the control of each propeller of the ship propeller underwater cleaning device 2;
- Step 3 Level the position of the ship propeller underwater cleaning device 2 according to the data feedback collected by the first underwater ultrasonic ranging sensor and the second underwater ultrasonic ranging sensor on both sides of the positioning observation system installed on the support bottom plate Fine-tune the radial direction so that it is in the area directly above the propeller shaft.
- the operator sends a command to open the jaws to the upper computer to control the first electric push rod and the second electric push rod between the jaw drive motor and each arm.
- the push rod moves to open the clamping and positioning jaws to the maximum expansion amount;
- Step 4 Send the command to continue diving to the upper computer, control the vertical direction of the propeller movement, make the underwater propeller cleaning device 2 of the ship continue to move down to the top of the propeller shaft, and adjust the ship propeller according to the distance values returned by the ultrasonic sensor.
- Step 5 Send the command to shrink the jaws to the upper computer, control the reverse movement of the first electric push rod and the second electric push rod, and collect the pressure data P from the pressure sensor on the clamping block at the front end of the positioning jaw.
- Pmin represents the minimum extrusion force for clamping the propeller shaft
- Pmax indicates the maximum extrusion force for clamping the propeller shaft
- Step 3 Identify the blade profile
- the horizontal moving mechanism and the vertical moving mechanism of the cleaning module moving mechanism are controlled to move, and the scanning and identification method of the overall profile of the propeller blades is used to obtain the propeller 1 to be cleaned.
- the method for scanning and identifying the overall profile of the propeller blade involved in this step includes the following steps:
- Step 1 According to the scanning range of the 3D laser scanner, set the corresponding propeller blade scanning station in the X 0 OY 0 plane formed by the horizontal movement mechanism and the vertical movement mechanism to drive the movement of the 3D laser scanner to ensure that every two The overlap between the point cloud data scanned by the station is between 10%-20%;
- Step 2 Control the 3D laser scanner to arrive at the set site in turn, each time it reaches a site, the horizontal drive motor stops working, the 3D laser scanner starts to work, set the center of the 3D laser scanner as the coordinate origin, and establish a space right angle Coordinate system, X 1 , Y 1 are planes, Z 1 is the vertical direction, Q is the distance from the coordinate point to the monitoring point, ⁇ is the horizontal angle measured by the scanner, and ⁇ is the vertical angle measured by the scanner.
- the spatial coordinates of the target point M of the propeller 1 to be cleaned relative to the coordinate origin, the calculation formula is as follows:
- Step 3 Perform coordinate transformation on a set of point cloud data in the adjacent two sets of sites to obtain the point cloud coordinates of the set of data in the adjacent coordinate system, and then realize the point cloud data splicing of the adjacent two sets of sites.
- the splicing point cloud coordinates are:
- R is the rotation matrix between the two coordinates.
- Step 4 Perform noise processing, noise removal, redundant point processing, and point cloud quantity optimization on the point cloud data, and export the processed transport bureau into a corresponding format file;
- Step 5 Import the point cloud data file into the corresponding modeling software, the point cloud data becomes an editable polygon mesh model, and the entire surface of the model is covered in the form of a triangular mesh to create a complete smooth mesh model, and the model is completed. Then carry out corresponding repairs, and finally obtain the model contour of the blade surface of the propeller 1 to be cleaned, and send it back to the computer control system;
- Step 4 Circulation cleaning of the front of the blade
- the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator path planning and control method is used to control the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator to drive the cavitation jet gun clamped at the front end to clean according to the planned path.
- the operator observes the cleaning effect of the blade in real time through the cleaning observation mechanism on the cleaning unit;
- the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator is reset, the clamping and positioning claw mechanism is released, and the movement of the thruster assembly in the horizontal direction is controlled, so that the underwater propeller cleaning device 2 of the ship rotates around the propeller axis.
- repeat step 4 and then complete the single-sided cleaning of the propeller 1 to be cleaned as a whole;
- the manipulator path planning and control method of the underwater ship propeller cleaning device 2 involved in this step includes the following steps:
- Step 1 In the cleaning module moving mechanism, establish a fixed reference coordinate system with the initial position of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator holder relative to the horizontal moving mechanism and the vertical moving mechanism, denoted as ⁇ 0 ⁇ ;
- Step 2 Establish the coordinate system ⁇ i ⁇ of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator link joint, and set the intersection point of the joint i-1 of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator and the common perpendicular of the two axes of i and the i axis as the link coordinate is the origin of ⁇ i ⁇ , the axis of joint i is the Z i axis of ⁇ i ⁇ , the common normal of joint i and i+1 axis is the X i axis of ⁇ i ⁇ , and the right-hand rule determines the Y i axis of ⁇ i ⁇ , So far, the definition of the connecting rod coordinate system ⁇ i ⁇ is completed. Similarly, the coordinate systems ⁇ i-1 ⁇ and ⁇ i+1 ⁇ are defined in turn, and the coordinate system of the end effector is ⁇ n ⁇ ;
- Step 3 Obtain the pose expression formula of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator end-effector relative to the fixed reference coordinate system ⁇ 0 ⁇ :
- the model contour of the blade surface to be cleaned is obtained, and the positioning jaw mechanism
- the ship propeller underwater cleaning device 2 obtained by the control method of clamping the propeller shaft and the propeller 1 to be cleaned are relatively fixed in position, and combined with the effective cleaning range of the cavitation jet gun, the control computer integrates the three data information to obtain multi-degree-of-freedom underwater.
- the desired pose of the end effector for the manipulator to clean the complete blade surface relative to the reference coordinate system ⁇ 0 ⁇ is expressed as:
- n, o, a are the space vectors determined by the azimuth angle of the manipulator in the three-dimensional space;
- P is the position coordinate of the end effector;
- r 11 -r 33 represent each rotation angle;
- Step 4 Set the coordinate transformation matrix between the coordinate systems of each joint: According to the coordinate system established in step 2, the spatial relationship between the adjacent two connecting rods of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator is established through a 4 ⁇ 4 homogeneous transformation matrix.
- the transformation relation matrix is:
- a i is the link length between adjacent joints
- ⁇ i is the link torsion angle
- d i is the link distance
- ⁇ i is the link angle
- Step 5 Obtain the rotation angle of each joint of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator, and obtain the pose relationship matrix of the two adjacent coordinate systems according to Step 4: It can be known that the position coordinates of the end effector of the manipulator are represented by the reference coordinate system ⁇ 0 ⁇ as:
- the computer calculates the angle of each joint angle ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 .
- the joint trajectory planning function is obtained by solving the six undetermined coefficients.
- the joint trajectory planning of all joints of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator can be completed according to the above method, and the joint space trajectory planning of the multi-degree-of-freedom underwater manipulator can be completed.
- the movement trajectory of the end actuator when the ship propeller underwater cleaning device 2 cleans the blades can be planned, and one hundred points are taken on the planned path curve as the end position points of the manipulator, and between two adjacent points Insert 100 points, these 100 points are both the starting point and the ending point, each adjacent two points use a fifth-degree polynomial to perform point-to-point interpolation calculation, according to this method, calculate each joint point
- the manipulator controller controls the motion of the manipulator according to the calculated joint space trajectory plan, thereby realizing the complete cleaning of the blade surface of the propeller 1 to be cleaned.
- Step 5 Cleaning the back of the blade
- the underwater propeller cleaning device 2 of the ship realizes the complete cleaning of the other side of the propeller 1 to be cleaned by clamping the propeller cap at the front end of the propeller shaft, and then completes the overall cleaning of the propeller 1 to be cleaned;
- Step 6 Recovery of cleaning device
- the underwater ship propeller cleaning device 2 loosens the clamping and positioning claw mechanism and retracts, and the crane recovers the ship propeller underwater cleaning device 2 back to the ship or shore through the cable to complete a cleaning operation cycle.
- the control of this device involves multiple sub-control schemes, including the following:
- the control scheme of the propulsion system is: when the operator controls the operating handle, taking the left as an example, the local area network communication is established between the upper and lower computers, the upper computer sends the leftward instruction to the microprocessor of the lower computer, and the lower computer receives the upper computer.
- the corresponding port of the ATR2010 data acquisition card After sending the signal, the corresponding port of the ATR2010 data acquisition card sends the switch values '0' and '1' to the thruster driver, and at the same time, the ART2004 data acquisition card sends the analog signal to the thruster controller at the corresponding port, and the analog signal After passing through the A-PWM module, it is input to the corresponding port of the thruster driver, and then the motor of the thruster is driven by the thruster driver to rotate.
- the control scheme of the two-degree-of-freedom mechanism system is: taking the mechanism horizontally to the left as an example, the upper computer sends the leftward instruction to the lower computer microprocessor. After the lower computer receives the command sent by the upper computer, the ATR2010 data acquisition card sends the switch '0' and '1' at the corresponding port. The switch signal passes through the double relay, and the double relay controls the signal of the stepper motor controller.
- the stepper motor controller sends the pulse signal to the stepper motor driver, the stepper motor driver drives the motor, and then the motor rotates to drive the movement of the ball screw to realize the movement of the cleaning module on the XY axis.
- the control scheme of the cavitation jet manipulator is: take the pitch of the manipulator as an example, the upper computer sends the pitch command to the lower computer, after the lower computer receives the command sent by the upper computer, the lower computer sends the serial port signal to the USB-RS485 converter, RS485 Then the differential signal is sent to the manipulator controller, and finally the controller controls the movement of the joint underwater servo electric cylinder.
- the control scheme of the positioning mechanism take clamping as an example, the upper computer sends the clamping command to the lower computer, and after the lower computer receives the command, the data acquisition card ART2010 sends the digital signal to the dual relay, and the digital signal passes through the dual relay. After the relay, the output terminal of the relay outputs a digital signal to the electric push rod to realize the contraction of the electric push rod, and then complete the clamping action.
- the control scheme of the visual lighting system is: take the lighting system as an example, the upper computer sends an instruction to the lower computer, and after the lower computer receives the instruction, the data acquisition card ART2010 sends a digital signal to the single relay.
- the signal is high level , the normally open end of the single-circuit relay is closed, the line is turned on, the lighting lamp can be powered, and the lighting system works normally at this time.
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Abstract
一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置(2)及其清洗方法,船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置(2)包括倒T字型框架(6)、控制系统硬件机构(4)、以及分别与控制系统硬件机构(4)信号连接的夹持定位卡爪机构(3)、清洗模块移动机构、水平推进器组件、竖直推进器组件、测距传感器组件,倒T字型框架(6)是由竖直设置并叠置互连的前安装板(52)和后安装板(20)构成的整体与一水平安装板(19)上表面垂直固定构成的倒T字型结构;夹持定位卡爪机构(3)安装于水平安装板(19)的底面上,清洗模块移动机构安装于前安装板(52)的板面上,控制系统硬件机构(4)安装于后安装板(20)的板面上,水平推进器组件围绕前安装板(52)和后安装板(20)构成的整体水平设置,竖直推进器组件安装于后安装板(20)的上部,测距传感器组件在前安装板(52)的前部安装于水平安装板(19)的上表面。
Description
本发明涉及船舶螺旋桨清洗技术领域,尤其涉及一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置及其清洗方法。
船舶螺旋桨作为船舶推进的核心部件,具有良好的水动力性能和高效的推进效率,但由于船舶出航螺旋桨表面会附着如藤壶、海藻等海洋生物,形成生物污垢,从而增加船舶出航燃料损失,并且缩短桨叶工作寿命,造成巨大的经济损失,因此需要对螺旋桨进行定期的清洗。
目前螺旋桨清洗大多是通过专业的潜水人员携带相关的清洗设备入水清洗,但人工水下作业受水深、洋流、海洋生物以及潜水员自身等条件的影响与制约,导致传统的人工清洗作业不能满足安全和工期的要求。为适应水下作业环境的复杂多变和无法预知,自动化、智能化的船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置逐步成为当前发展研究的热点。
现有的船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置的清洗方法皆不能很好地解决问题,如专利ZL201810920885.5中所述的一种螺旋桨用水下空化清洗装置及其使用方法,通过控制机械臂运动带动前端安装的空化清洗盘对桨叶表面进行清洗,但该装置的机械结构缺少清洗过程中的稳定定位,仅依靠推进器的相互作用维持在水中的相对位置,受洋流波动的干扰比较大;而如专利ZL201810921297.3中所述的一种三点定位式螺旋桨水下清洗装置,虽提高了清洗桨叶表面时的定位稳定性,但是每次定位后的清洗面积有限,清洗过程需不断的改变定位位置以保证桨叶的完整清洗,清洗重复率高;又如专利ZL201510593564.5所述的一种水下船体清洗机器人,虽然使用双机械臂协调工作定位可靠,但是控制操作复杂不便,且机械手夹持部位无法清洗,需多次改变夹持位置以完成整体清洗,极大的影响了螺旋桨清洗的效率。
发明内容
发明目的:针对上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置,实现稳定定位以及装置的智能化清洗作业,并提供了该清洗装置的清洗方法。
技术方案:一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置,包括倒T字型框架、控制系统硬件机构、以及分别与所述控制系统硬件机构信号连接的夹持定位卡爪机构、清洗模块移动机构、水平推进器组件、竖直推进器组件、测距传感器组件,所述倒T字型框架由竖直设置并叠置互连的前安装板和后安装板构成的整体与一水平安装板上表面垂直固定构成倒T字型结构,所述夹持定位卡爪机构安装于所述水平安装板的底面上,所述清洗模块移动机构安装于所述前安装板的板面上,所述控制系统硬件机构安装于所述后安装板的板面上,所述水平推进器组件围绕所述前安装板和后安装板构成的整体水平设置,所述前安装板、所述控制系统硬件机构分别与所述水平推进器组件连接,所述竖直推进器组件安装于所述后安装板的上部,所述测距传感器组件在所述前安装板的前部安装于所述水平安装板的上表面。
进一步的,所述夹持定位卡爪机构包括四个定位卡爪,分别为第一定位卡爪、第二定位卡爪、第三定位卡爪、第四定位卡爪,还包括支撑底板、定位观测系统,所述支撑底板与所述水平安装板的底面固定,四个所述定位卡爪间隔分为两组分别对称安装在所述支撑底板的底面上,所述定位观测系统在四个所述定位卡爪的中部安装于所述支撑底板的底面上。
进一步的,所述定位卡爪包括卡爪驱动电机、第一固定座、第二固定座、固定臂、联轴器、活动大臂、活动大臂连接轴、第一电动推杆、活动小臂、活动小臂连接轴、第二电动推杆、压力传感器,所述第一固定座与所述第二固定座相对间隔固定于所述支撑底板上,所述卡爪驱动电机安装于所述支撑底板上,所述固定臂的一端在所述第一固定座与所述第二固定座之间通过所述联轴器与所述卡爪驱动电机连接,所述活动大臂一端通过所述活动大臂连接轴与所述固定臂的另一端铰接,两臂之间安装有所述第一电动推杆作为活动大臂转动的动力源,所述活动小臂一端通过所述活动小臂连接轴与所述活动大臂另一端铰接,两臂之间安装所述第二电动推杆作为活动小臂转动的动力源,所述活动大臂和所述活动小臂的定位块上均安装有一个所述压力传感器。
进一步的,所述清洗模块移动机构包括竖直移动机构、水平移动机构、三维激光扫描仪、空化射流枪、多自由度水下机械手、清洗观察系统,所述竖直移动机构竖直安装于所述前安装板上,所述水平移动机构安装于所述竖直移动机构上,所述空化射流枪通过所述多自由度水下机械手安装于所述水平移动机构上,所述三维激光扫描仪在所述空化射流枪的一侧安装于所述水平移动机构上,所述清洗观察系统间隔设置于所述三维激光扫描仪的前部并位于其下方,所述清洗观察系统包括清洗观察机构安装板,所述清洗观察机构安装板安装于所述水平移动机构上,其内水平间隔固定有用于实施观察螺旋桨表面清洗效果的清洗观察水下灯和清洗观察水下摄像头。
进一步的,所述竖直移动机构包括竖直方向驱动电机、滑轨一、滚珠丝杠一,所述滑轨一在所述前安装板上竖直平行间隔设有两根,所述竖直方向驱动电机、所述滚珠丝杠一分别在两者之间安装于所述前安装板上,所述竖直方向驱动电机与所述滚珠丝杠一连接;所述水平移动机构包括L型底板、水平方向驱动电机、滑轨二、滚珠丝杠二、部件集成安装板,所述L型底板的竖直面架设安装于两个所述滑轨一上并与所述滚珠丝杠一连接,所述滑轨二在所述L型底板的水平内侧面上平行间隔设有两根,所述水平方向驱动电机、所述滚珠丝杠二分别在两者之间安装于所述L型底板水平内侧面上,所述水平方向驱动电机与所述滚珠丝杠二连接,所述部件集成安装板架设安装于两个所述滑轨二上并与所述滚珠丝杠二连接,所述三维激光扫描仪、所述空化射流枪、所述多自由度水下机械手、所述清洗观察系统分别安装于所述部件集成安装板上。
进一步的,所述控制系统硬件结构包括电子舱、电力舱和机械手控制舱,从上至下依次布置。
进一步的,所述水平推进器组件包括四个水平推进器,分别为第一水平推进器、第二水平推进器、第三水平推进器、第四水平推进器,还包括推进器安装座,所述第一水平推进器、所述第二水平推进器分别通过一个所述推进器安装座水平间隔安装于所述前安装板上,所述清洗模块移动机构位于两者之间,所述第三水平推进器和所述第四水平推进器分别水平间隔安装于所述控制系统硬件机构的相对两侧;所述竖直推进器组件包括第一竖直 推进器、第二竖直推进器,所述第一竖直推进器与所述第二竖直推进器水平间隔安装于所述后安装板上,所述控制系统硬件机构位于两者之间。
进一步的,所述测距传感器组件包括第一水下超声波测距传感器、第二水下超声波测距传感器,所述第一水下超声波测距传感器、所述第二水下超声波测距传感器分别安装于所述水平安装板前端的两个顶角处。
一种上述的船舶螺旋桨清洗装置的清洗方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:吊放船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置;
将船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置通过船舶甲板或岸边的吊机投放入待清洗螺旋桨所在区域海水中,操作人员在船上或岸边通过水上操控台对水下清洗装置进行监控,通过网络通讯将水下拍摄到的画面反馈在水上操控台的观测界面上;
步骤二:定位夹持;
水上操作人员根据采集回来的图像画面,控制船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置上的水平推进器组件、竖直推进器组件配合运动,将船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置移动到待清洗螺旋桨桨轴的上方区域;利用测距传感器组件采集回来的数据反馈对船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置的位置进行微调,使其处于螺旋桨桨轴的正上方区域位置,此时操作人员向控制系统硬件机构发送张开夹持定位卡爪机构的命令,控制夹持定位卡爪机构张开至最大展开量;向控制系统硬件机构发送继续下潜的命令,使船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置落在桨轴上,向控制系统硬件机构发送收缩夹持定位卡爪机构的命令,完成抱轴夹紧的动作;
步骤三:桨叶轮廓识别;
待船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置完成对于桨叶的相对固定后,控制清洗模块移动机构运动,采用螺旋桨桨叶整体轮廓的扫描识别方法获得待清洗螺旋桨桨叶单面的模型轮廓;
步骤四:桨叶正面循环清洗;
根据所获得的待清洗螺旋桨单面轮廓模型,采用多自由度水下机械手路径规划与控制方法由计算机操控带动清洗模块移动机构按规划路径进行清洗作业,同时,操作人员实时观察桨叶的清洗效果;
待完成单片桨叶的单面清洗作业后,清洗模块移动机构复位,夹持定位卡爪机构松开,控制水平方向推进器组件运动,使得船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置绕桨轴旋转至下一片桨叶,重复步骤四,进而完成待清洗螺旋桨整体的单面清洗;
步骤五:桨叶背面清洗;
重复步骤二至四,船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置通过夹持螺旋桨桨轴前端的桨帽实现对待清洗螺旋桨另一面的完整清洗,进而完成对待清洗螺旋桨的整体清洗;
步骤六:清洗装置回收;
船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置松开夹持定位卡爪机构并缩回,吊机通过缆绳将船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置回收回船上或岸上,完成一个清洗作业周期。
10、根据权利要求9所述一种船舶螺旋桨清洗装置的清洗方法,其特征在于:
在步骤二中,所述定位夹持包括以下步骤:
第一步:通过夹持定位卡爪机构的定位观测系统上的定位观测水下灯和定位观测水下摄像头,采集得到船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置底部的实时图像信息,并把图像信号传送回计算机控制系统,在观测界面上显示出来;
第二步:水上操作人员根据采集回来的图像画面,控制水平推进器组件、竖直推进器组件配合配合运动,将船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置移动到待清洗螺旋桨桨轴的上方区域;具体为上位机根据操作人员的指令发送信号给控制系统硬件机构,控制系统硬件机构在接收到信号后,发送数字量信号给对应的水平推进器组件或竖直推进器组件,进而实现对船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置各推进器的控制;
第三步:根据测距传感器组件采集回来的数据反馈对船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置的位置进行水平径向微调,使其处于螺旋桨桨轴的正上方区域位置,此时操作人员向下位机发送张开卡爪的命令,控制打开夹持定位卡爪机构至最大展开量;
第四步:向控制系统硬件机构发送继续下潜的命令,控制竖直推进器组件运动,令船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置继续下移至桨轴正上方,通过测距传感器组件返回的各距离值调整船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置的水中姿态;
第五步:向控制系统硬件机构发送收缩卡爪的命令,控制夹持定位卡爪机构反向运动,夹持定位卡爪机构的压力传感器采集得到压力数据P,当P满足Pmin<P<Pmax时,夹持定位卡爪机构上的所有第一电动推杆和第二电动推杆停止工作,其中Pmin表示夹紧桨轴的最小挤压力,Pmax表示夹紧桨轴的最大挤压力,从而完成船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置对螺旋桨桨轴的定位夹持;
在步骤三中,所述螺旋桨桨叶整体轮廓的扫描识别方法包括以下步骤:
第1步:根据清洗模块移动机构上的三维激光扫描仪的扫描范围,再由清洗模块移动机构带动三维激光扫描仪运动所构成的X
0OY
0平面内设置相应的螺旋桨桨叶扫描站点,确保每两站扫描的点云数据之间的重叠部分在10%-20%之间;
第2步:控制三维激光扫描仪依次到达所设定的站点,每到达一个站点,水平移动机构停止工作,三维激光扫描仪开始工作,设定三维激光扫描仪中心为坐标原点,建立空间直角坐标系,X
1、Y
1为平面,Z
1为垂直方向,Q为坐标点到监测点的距离,α为扫描仪测量到的水平角,θ为扫描仪测量到的竖直角,求得待清洗螺旋桨目标点M相对于坐标原点的空间坐标,计算公式如下:
完成该站点扫描工作后,继续控制导轨运动前往下一个站点进行扫描,重复上述过程直至完成对整片桨叶的扫描工作;
第3步:对相邻两组站点中的一组点云数据进行坐标转换,得到相邻坐标系下该组数据的点云坐标,进而实现相邻两组站点的点云数据拼接,变换后的拼接点云坐标为:
其中,(X
b、Y
b、Z
b)为转换后的坐标,
(X
a、Y
a、Z
a)为未转换的坐标,
(X
T、Y
T、Z
T)是三个平移参数,
R是两个坐标之间的旋转矩阵。
以此类推,最终生成同一坐标系下的点云数据;
第4步:对点云数据进行杂点处理、噪声去除、冗余点处理、点云数量优化,将处理好的运输局导出成相应格式文件;
第5步:将点云数据文件导进相应建模软件,点云数据变成可编辑多边形网格模型,以三角网格的形式铺满整个模型表面,创建成完整光滑面片模型,模型完成后再进行相应修补,最终得到待清洗螺旋桨桨叶面的模型轮廓,并回传给计算机控制系统;
在步骤四中,所述多自由度水下机械手路径规划与控制方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:在清洗模块移动机构内,以多自由度水下机械手机座相对水平移动机构和竖直移动机构的初始位置建立固定参考坐标系,表示为{0};
步骤2:建立多自由度水下机械手连杆关节的坐标系{i},设定多自由度水下机械手的关节i-1和i两轴线的公垂线同i轴线的交点为连杆坐标系{i}原点,关节i轴线为{i}的Z
i轴,关节i和i+1轴线的公共法线为{i}的X
i轴,右手定则确定{i}的Y
i轴,至此完成连杆坐标系{i}的定义,同理,依次定义坐标系{i-1}和{i+1},末端执行器的坐标系为{n};
步骤3:获取多自由度水下机械手末端执行器相对固定参考坐标系{0}的位姿表示公式:根据上述桨叶轮廓扫描方法得出待清洗桨叶面的模型轮廓,以及定位卡爪机构夹持桨轴的控制方法得到的船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置与待清洗螺旋桨相对固定位置,再结合空化射流枪的有效清洗范围,由控制计算机综合三者数据信息得到多自由度水下机械手清洗完整桨叶面的末端执行机构相对于参考坐标系{0}的期望位姿,表示为:
式中:n,o,a为机械手在三维空间中的方位角所确定的空间向量;P为末端执行机构的位置坐标;r
11-r
33表示各个旋转角;
步骤4:设定各关节坐标系之间的坐标变换矩阵:根据步骤2建立的坐标系,通过4×4齐次变换矩阵建立水下机械手相邻两连杆间的空间关系,坐标变换关系矩阵为:
其中,a
i为相邻关节间的连杆长度、α
i为连杆扭角、d
i为连杆距离、θ
i为连杆夹角。
并与步骤3公式连列方程组为:
计算机根据代数逆解方程组解算出该位置与姿态下水下机械手各个关节角θ
1、θ
2、θ
3…θ
i的角度
步骤6:建立多自由度水下机械手关节运动轨迹函数方程:根据求得的多自由度水下机械手末端执行机构空间位置和关节摆动角度关系θ
if(i=1,2,K),以及多自由度水下机械手起始各关节角度θ
io(i=1,2,K),采用五次多项式插值法,建立机械手某关节转角的轨迹函数为:
θ(t)=a
0+a
1t+a
2t
2+a
3t
3+a
4t
4+a
5t
5
其中,该函数的多项式系数必须满足6个约束条件:
通过6个待定系数的求解得出该关节轨迹规划函数,分别对多自由度水下机械手所有关节按上述方法关节轨迹规划,即可完成多自由度水下机械手的关节空间轨迹规划,由上述步骤可以规划出船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置清洗桨叶时末端执行机构的运动轨迹,在规划出的路径曲线上取一百个点作为机械手的末端位置点,相邻两点之间再插入一百个点,这一百个点分别既为起始点,又为终止点,每相邻两点使用五次多项式进行点到点的插补计算,按照这种方法,计算出各关节点的轨迹规划,机械手控制器按照计算得出的关节空间轨迹规划控制机械手运动,进而实现对待清洗螺旋桨桨叶面的完整清洗。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明的优点是:本装置通过夹持定位卡爪机构夹持 桨轴定位水下清洗装置与待清洗螺旋桨叶面的相对位置,消除清洗过程中海水内的各种不确定干扰,以方便清洗装置的后续作业;控制系统硬件机构可根据扫描识别的桨叶轮廓自动规划相应的机械手清洗路径,控制机械手带动空化清洗枪按照规划路径运动,实现高效的螺旋桨水下清洗作业;同时,本装置可以快捷自动地定位清洗装置的夹持位置,并在清洗前规划好最优的清洗路径,从而进一步提高清洗效率以及整个清洗过程的自动化、智能化程度。
图1是本发明的螺旋桨正面清洗图;
图2是本发明的水下清洗装置轴测图;
图3是本发明的水下清洗装置后视图;
图4是本发明的夹持定位卡爪结构的正视图;
图5是本发明的夹持定位卡爪结构的侧视图;
图6是本发明的夹持定位卡爪结构的仰视图;
图7是本发明清洗模块结构示意图;
图8是本发明夹持定位卡爪机构固定臂工作示意图;
图9是本发明夹持定位卡爪机构活动臂工作示意图;
图10是多自由度水下机械手坐标系建立示意图;
图11是中央控制系统的组成图;
图12是水下清洗方法的流程图。
下面结合附图和具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置,如图1~9所示,包括倒T字型框架6、系统硬件机构4、以及分别与控制系统硬件机构4信号连接的夹持定位卡爪机构3、清洗模块移动机构、水平推进器组件、竖直推进器组件、测距传感器组件。
倒T字型框架6由竖直设置并叠置互连的前安装板52和后安装板20构成的整体与一水平安装板19上表面垂直固定构成倒T字型结构,夹持定位卡爪机构3安装于水平安装板19的底面上。
夹持定位卡爪机构3包括四个定位卡爪,分别为第一定位卡爪31、第二定位卡爪32、第三定位卡爪33、第四定位卡爪34,还包括支撑底板35、定位观测系统36,支撑底板35与水平安装板19的底面固定,四个定位卡爪间隔分为两组分别对称安装在支撑底板35的底面上,定位观测系统36在四个定位卡爪的中部安装于支撑底板35的底面上。定位观测系统36包括定位观测水下灯和定位观测水下摄像头。每组定位卡爪的安装位置不在同一直线,两者之间有一个卡爪宽度的距离差,保证了每组定位卡爪的收缩范围相比于同一直线安装位置时的收缩范围更大,增大夹持桨轴的可适用范围。
定位卡爪包括卡爪驱动电机315、第一固定座313、第二固定座314、固定臂37、联轴器312、活动大臂38、活动大臂连接轴316、第一电动推杆310、活动小臂39、活动小臂39连接 轴317、第二电动推杆311、压力传感器318,第一固定座313与第二固定座314相对间隔固定于支撑底板35上,卡爪驱动电机315安装于支撑底板35上,固定臂37的一端在第一固定座313与第二固定座314之间通过联轴器312与卡爪驱动电机315连接,活动大臂38一端通过活动大臂连接轴316与固定臂37的另一端铰接,两臂之间安装有第一电动推杆310作为活动大臂38转动的动力源,活动小臂39一端通过活动小臂39连接轴317与活动大臂38另一端铰接,两臂之间安装第二电动推杆311作为活动小臂39转动的动力源,活动大臂38和活动小臂39的定位块上均安装有一个压力传感器318。通过压力传感器318对夹持桨轴表面的压力反馈,确保夹持定位卡爪机构3对待清洗螺旋桨1桨轴的可靠定位。
清洗模块移动机构安装于前安装板52的板面上,清洗模块移动机构包括竖直移动机构5、水平移动机构7、三维激光扫描仪16、空化射流枪21、多自由度水下机械手18、清洗观察系统17,竖直移动机构5竖直安装于前安装板52上,竖直移动机构5包括竖直方向驱动电机51、滑轨一、滚珠丝杠一,滑轨一在前安装板52上竖直平行间隔设有两根,竖直方向驱动电机51、滚珠丝杠一分别在两者之间安装于前安装板52上,竖直方向驱动电机51与滚珠丝杠一连接;水平移动机构7安装于竖直移动机构5上,水平移动机构7包括L型底板、水平方向驱动电机71、滑轨二、滚珠丝杠二、部件集成安装板,所述L型底板的竖直面架设安装于两个滑轨一上并与滚珠丝杠一连接,滑轨二在L型底板的水平内侧面上平行间隔设有两根,水平方向驱动电机71、滚珠丝杠二分别在两者之间安装于L型底板水平内侧面上,水平方向驱动电机71与滚珠丝杠二连接,部件集成安装板架设安装于两个滑轨二上并与所述滚珠丝杠二连接,空化射流枪21通过多自由度水下机械手18安装于部件集成安装板上,空化射流枪21、多自由度水下机械手18均为现有技术部件,三维激光扫描仪16在空化射流枪21的一侧安装于部件集成安装板上,清洗观察系统17间隔设置于三维激光扫描仪16的前部并位于其下方,清洗观察系统17包括清洗观察机构安装板171,清洗观察机构安装板171安装于部件集成安装板上,其内水平间隔固定有用于实施观察螺旋桨表面清洗效果的清洗观察水下灯172和清洗观察水下摄像头173。三维激光扫描仪16用于待清洗螺旋桨1桨叶轮廓扫面,多自由度水下机械手18带动空化射流枪21按照规划路径运动。
控制系统硬件机构4安装于后安装板20的板面上,水平推进器组件围绕所述前安装板52和后安装板20构成的整体水平设置,水平推进器组件包括四个水平推进器,分别为第一水平推进器8、第二水平推进器9、第三水平推进器10、第四水平推进器11,还包括推进器安装座91,第一水平推进器8、第二水平推进器9分别通过一个推进器安装座91水平间隔安装于前安装板52上,清洗模块移动机构位于两者之间,第三水平推进器10和第四水平推进器11分别水平间隔安装于控制系统硬件机构4的硬件机构框架的相对两侧并分别与其连接。竖直推进器组件安装于后安装板20的上部,竖直推进器组件包括第一竖直推进器12、第二竖直推进器13,第一竖直推进器12与第二竖直推进器13水平间隔安装于后安装板20上,控制系统硬件机构4位于两者之间。测距传感器组件在前安装板52的前部安装于水平安装板19的上表面,测距传感器组件包括第一水下超声波测距传感器14、第二水下超声波测距传感器15,第一水下超声波测距传感器14、第二水下超声波测距传感器15分别安装于水平安装板19前端的两个顶角处。
控制系统由上位机100和下位机200组成,上位机100、下位机200之间通过建立局域网完成通讯。上位机100由工业一体机、24V开关电源、遥控手柄等组成,主要用于监控水 下机器人运行状态及发送指令给下位机200,控制水下机器人的运动,同时,上位机100为下位机200提供220V电压和24V电压;下位机200由微处理器、供电系统和监测监控传感器组成,微处理器外接数据采集卡,用于发送与接收数字量信号与模拟量信号,供电系统中包括市电、24V开关电源、12V开关电源以及各电源转换模块,为清洗装置电子舱41中的各控制器以及驱动器供电。监测监控传感器负责监测本体故障、清洗过程、清洗质量以及夹紧定位过程中各状态量的监测。
控制系统硬件结构4包括电子舱41、电力舱42和机械手控制舱43,上述控制系统中提及的下位机200分布于控制系统硬件结构4中,其中,下位机200的微处理器和监测监控传感器位于电子舱41中,供电系统位于电力舱42中。
电力舱中供电系统给船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置的所有设备提供所需供电电压,机械手控制舱43中设有多自由度机械手控制器。电子舱41中微处理器包括推进器系统控制器、二自由度机构控制器、定位机构控制器和辅助设备控制器,电子舱41内包含用于桨轴定位、桨叶轮廓扫描识别和清洗路径规划的集成控制系统;船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置的清洗模块、夹持定位卡爪机构、推进器运动装置均通过清洗装置电子舱41与上位机100相连接,操作人员通过上位机100完成对船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置的运动监测与指令传输,最终实现对螺旋桨桨叶的完整清洗作业。
一种上述的船舶螺旋桨清洗装置的清洗方法,如图10~12所示,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:吊放船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2;
将船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置22通过船舶甲板或岸边的吊机投放入待清洗螺旋桨1所在区域海水中,操作人员在船上或岸边通过水上操控台对船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2进行监控,通过网络通讯将水下拍摄到的画面反馈在水上操控台的观测界面上;
步骤二:定位夹持;
水上操作人员根据采集回来的图像画面,控制船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2上的水平推进器组件、竖直推进器组件配合配合运动,将船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2移动到待清洗螺旋桨桨轴的上方区域;利用第一水下超声波测距传感器、第二水下超声波测距传感器采集回来的数据反馈对船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2的位置进行微调,使其处于螺旋桨桨轴的正上方区域位置,此时操作人员向下位机发送张开卡爪的命令,下位机在接到命令后,控制定位卡爪张开至最大展开量;向下位机发送继续下潜的命令,使船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2落在桨轴上,向下位机发送收缩定位卡爪的命令,控制第一电动推杆、第二电动推杆反向运动,完成抱轴夹紧的动作;本步骤采用螺旋桨桨轴夹持定位控制方法实现船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2在待清洗螺旋桨1桨轴上的定位夹持;
本步骤涉及的船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2的定位夹持方法具体包括以下步骤:
第一步:通过定位观测系统中的定位观测水下灯和定位观测水下摄像头,采集得到船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2底部的实时图像信息,并把图像信号传送回计算机控制系统,在观测界面上显示出来;
第二步:水上操作人员根据采集回来的图像画面,控制水平推进器组件、竖直推进器组件配合运动,将船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2移动到待清洗螺旋桨桨轴的上方区域;具体为上位机根据操作人员的指令发送信号给下位机,下位机在接收到信号后,发送数字量信号给对应的推进器控制器,进而实现对船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2各推进器的控制;
第三步:根据支撑底板安装的定位观测系统中两侧的第一水下超声波测距传感器和第二水下超声波测距传感器采集回来的数据反馈对船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2的位置进行水平径向微调,使其处于螺旋桨桨轴的正上方区域位置,此时操作人员向下位机发送张开卡爪的命令,控制卡爪驱动电机与各臂间的第一电动推杆和第二电动推杆运动,打开夹持定位卡爪至最大展开量;
第四步:向下位机发送继续下潜的命令,控制竖直方向推进器运动,令船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2继续下移至桨轴正上方,通过超声波传感器返回的各距离值调整船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2的水中姿态;
第五步:向下位机发送收缩卡爪的命令,控制第一电动推杆和第二电动推杆反向运动,定位卡爪前端的夹持块上压力传感器采集得到压力数据P,当P满足Pmin<P<Pmax时,所有第一电动推杆和第二电动推杆停止工作,其中Pmin表示夹紧桨轴的最小挤压力,Pmax表示夹紧桨轴的最大挤压力,从而完成船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2对螺旋桨桨轴的定位夹持;
步骤三:桨叶轮廓识别;
待船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2完成对于桨叶的相对固定后,控制清洗模块移动机构的水平移动机构与竖直移动机构运动,采用螺旋桨桨叶整体轮廓的扫描识别方法获得待清洗螺旋桨1桨叶单面的模型轮廓;
本步骤涉及的螺旋桨桨叶整体轮廓的扫描识别方法包括以下步骤:
第1步:根据三维激光扫描仪的扫描范围,在由水平移动机构与竖直移动机构带动三维激光扫描仪运动所构成的X
0OY
0平面内设置相应的螺旋桨桨叶扫描站点,确保每两站扫描的点云数据之间的重叠部分在10%-20%之间;
第2步:控制三维激光扫描仪依次到达所设定的站点,每到达一个站点,水平方向驱动电机停止工作,三维激光扫描仪开始工作,设定三维激光扫描仪中心为坐标原点,建立空间直角坐标系,X
1、Y
1为平面,Z
1为垂直方向,Q为坐标点到监测点的距离,α为扫描仪测量到的水平角,θ为扫描仪测量到的竖直角,求得待清洗螺旋桨1目标点M相对于坐标原点的空间坐标,计算公式如下:
完成该站点扫描工作后,继续控制导轨运动前往下一个站点进行扫描,重复上述过程直至完成对整片桨叶的扫描工作;
第3步:对相邻两组站点中的一组点云数据进行坐标转换,得到相邻坐标系下该组数据的点云坐标,进而实现相邻两组站点的点云数据拼接,变换后的拼接点云坐标为:
其中,(X
b、Y
b、Z
b)为转换后的坐标,
(X
a、Y
a、Z
a)为未转换的坐标,
(X
T、Y
T、Z
T)是三个平移参数,
R是两个坐标之间的旋转矩阵。
以此类推,最终生成同一坐标系下的点云数据;
第4步:对点云数据进行杂点处理、噪声去除、冗余点处理、点云数量优化,将处理好的运输局导出成相应格式文件;
第5步:将点云数据文件导进相应建模软件,点云数据变成可编辑多边形网格模型,以三角网格的形式铺满整个模型表面,创建成完整光滑面片模型,模型完成后再进行相应修补,最终得到待清洗螺旋桨1桨叶面的模型轮廓,并回传给计算机控制系统;
步骤四:桨叶正面循环清洗;
根据所获得的待清洗螺旋桨1单面轮廓模型,采用多自由度水下机械手路径规划与控制方法由计算机操控多自由度水下机械手带动前端夹持的空化射流枪按规划路径进行清洗作业,同时,操作人员通过清洗单元上的清洗观察机构实时观察桨叶的清洗效果;
待完成单片桨叶的单面清洗作业后,多自由度水下机械手复位,夹持定位卡爪机构松开,控制水平方向推进器组件运动,使得船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2绕桨轴旋转至下一片桨叶,重复步骤四,进而完成待清洗螺旋桨1整体的单面清洗;
本步骤涉及的船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2的机械手路径规划与控制方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:在清洗模块移动机构内,以多自由度水下机械手机座相对水平移动机构和竖直移动机构的初始位置建立固定参考坐标系,表示为{0};
步骤2:建立多自由度水下机械手连杆关节的坐标系{i},设定多自由度水下机械手的关节i-1和i两轴线的公垂线同i轴线的交点为连杆坐标系{i}原点,关节i轴线为{i}的Z
i轴,关节i和i+1轴线的公共法线为{i}的X
i轴,右手定则确定{i}的Y
i轴,至此完成连杆坐标系{i}的定义,同理,依次定义坐标系{i-1}和{i+1},末端执行器的坐标系为{n};
步骤3:获取多自由度水下机械手末端执行器相对固定参考坐标系{0}的位姿表示公式:根据上述桨叶轮廓扫描方法得出待清洗桨叶面的模型轮廓,以及定位卡爪机构夹持桨轴的控制方法得到的船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2与待清洗螺旋桨1相对固定位置,再结合空化射流枪的有效清洗范围,由控制计算机综合三者数据信息得到多自由度水下机械手清洗完整桨叶面的末端执行机构相对于参考坐标系{0}的期望位姿,表示为:
式中:n,o,a为机械手在三维空间中的方位角所确定的空间向量;P为末端执行机构的位置坐标;r
11-r
33表示各个旋转角;
步骤4:设定各关节坐标系之间的坐标变换矩阵:根据步骤2建立的坐标系,通过4×4齐次变换矩阵建立多自由度水下机械手相邻两连杆间的空间关系,坐标变换关系矩阵为:
其中,a
i为相邻关节间的连杆长度、α
i为连杆扭角、d
i为连杆距离、θ
i为连杆夹角。
并与步骤3公式连列方程组为:
计算机根据代数逆解方程组解算出该位置与姿态下水下机械手18各个关节角θ
1、θ
2、θ
3…θ
i的角度
步骤6:建立多自由度水下机械手关节运动轨迹函数方程:根据求得的多自由度水下机械手末端执行机构空间位置和关节摆动角度关系θ
if(i=1,2,K),以及多自由度水下机械手起始各关节角度θ
io(i=1,2,K),采用五次多项式插值法,建立机械手某关节转角的轨迹函数为:
θ(t)=a
0+a
1t+a
2t
2+a
3t
3+a
4t
4+a
5t
5
其中,该函数的多项式系数必须满足6个约束条件:
通过6个待定系数的求解得出该关节轨迹规划函数,分别对多自由度水下机械手所有关节按上述方法关节轨迹规划,即可完成多自由度水下机械手的关节空间轨迹规划。由上述步骤可以规划出船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2清洗桨叶时末端执行机构的运动轨迹,在规划出的路径曲线上取一百个点作为机械手的末端位置点,相邻两点之间再插入一百个点,这一百个点分别既为起始点,又为终止点,每相邻两点使用五次多项式进行点到点的插补计算,按照这种方法,计算出各关节点的轨迹规划,机械手控制器按照计算得出的关节空间轨迹规划控制机械手运动,进而实现对待清洗螺旋桨1桨叶面的完整清洗。
步骤五:桨叶背面清洗;
重复步骤二至四,船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2通过夹持螺旋桨桨轴前端的桨帽实现对待清洗螺旋桨1另一面的完整清洗,进而完成对待清洗螺旋桨1的整体清洗;
步骤六:清洗装置回收;
船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2松开夹持定位卡爪机构并缩回,吊机通过缆绳将船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置2回收回船上或岸上,完成一个清洗作业周期。
本装置的控制涉及多个子控制方案,包括以下内容:
推进系统的控制方案为:当操作人员操控操作手柄,以向左为例,上下位机之间建立局域网通讯,上位机发送向左的指令给下位机微处理器,下位机在接收到上位机发送的信号后,ATR2010数据采集卡对应的端口发送开关量‘0’和‘1’给推进器驱动器,同时,ART2004数据采集卡在对应的端口发送模拟量信号给推进器控制器,模拟量信号经过A-PWM模块后输入到推进器驱动器对应端口,进而由推进器驱动器驱动推进器的电机转动。
二自由度机构系统的控制方案为:以机构水平向左为例,上位机发送向左的指令给下位机微处理器。下位机在接收到上位机发送的指令后,ATR2010数据采集卡在对应的端口发送开关量‘0’和‘1’,开关量信号经过双路继电器,由双路继电器控制步进电机控制器信号的传输,步进电机控制器将脉冲信号发送给步进电机驱动器,由步进电机驱动器驱动电机,进而由电机转动带动滚珠丝杠的运动,实现清洗模块在XY轴上的移动。
空化射流机械手的控制方案为:以机械手俯仰为例,上位机发送俯仰指令给下位机,下位机在接收到上位机发送的指令后,由下位机发送串口信号给USB-RS485转换器,RS485再将差分信号发送给机械手控制器,最后由控制器控制关节水下伺服电缸的运动。
定位机构的控制方案:以夹紧为例,上位机发送夹紧指令给下位机,下位机在接收到指令后,由数据采集卡ART2010发送数字量信号给双路继电器,数字量信号经过双路继电器后,由继电器输出端输出数字量信号给电动推杆,实现电动推杆的收缩,进而完成夹紧的动作。
视觉照明系统的控制方案为:以照明系统为例,上位机发送指令给下位机,下位机在接收到指令后,由数据采集卡ART2010发送数字量信号给单路继电器,当信号为高电平时,单路继电器常开端闭合,线路导通,照明灯得以供电,此时照明系统正常工作。
Claims (10)
- 一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置,其特征在于:包括倒T字型框架、控制系统硬件机构、以及分别与所述控制系统硬件机构信号连接的夹持定位卡爪机构、清洗模块移动机构、水平推进器组件、竖直推进器组件、测距传感器组件,所述倒T字型框架由竖直设置并叠置互连的前安装板和后安装板构成的整体与一水平安装板上表面垂直固定构成倒T字型结构,所述夹持定位卡爪机构安装于所述水平安装板的底面上,所述清洗模块移动机构安装于所述前安装板的板面上,所述控制系统硬件机构安装于所述后安装板的板面上,所述水平推进器组件围绕所述前安装板和后安装板构成的整体水平设置,所述前安装板、所述控制系统硬件机构分别与所述水平推进器组件连接,所述竖直推进器组件安装于所述后安装板的上部,所述测距传感器组件在所述前安装板的前部安装于所述水平安装板的上表面。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置,其特征在于:所述夹持定位卡爪机构包括四个定位卡爪,分别为第一定位卡爪、第二定位卡爪、第三定位卡爪、第四定位卡爪,还包括支撑底板、定位观测系统,所述支撑底板与所述水平安装板的底面固定,四个所述定位卡爪间隔分为两组分别对称安装在所述支撑底板的底面上,所述定位观测系统在四个所述定位卡爪的中部安装于所述支撑底板的底面上。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置,其特征在于:所述定位卡爪包括卡爪驱动电机、第一固定座、第二固定座、固定臂、联轴器、活动大臂、活动大臂连接轴、第一电动推杆、活动小臂、活动小臂连接轴、第二电动推杆、压力传感器,所述第一固定座与所述第二固定座相对间隔固定于所述支撑底板上,所述卡爪驱动电机安装于所述支撑底板上,所述固定臂的一端在所述第一固定座与所述第二固定座之间通过所述联轴器与所述卡爪驱动电机连接,所述活动大臂一端通过所述活动大臂连接轴与所述固定臂的另一端铰接,两臂之间安装有所述第一电动推杆作为活动大臂转动的动力源,所述活动小臂一端通过所述活动小臂连接轴与所述活动大臂另一端铰接,两臂之间安装所述第二电动推杆作为活动小臂转动的动力源,所述活动大臂和所述活动小臂的定位块上均安装有一个所述压力传感器。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置,其特征在于:所述清洗模块移动机构包括竖直移动机构、水平移动机构、三维激光扫描仪、空化射流枪、多自由度水下机械手、清洗观察系统,所述竖直移动机构竖直安装于所述前安装板上,所述水平移动机构安装于所述竖直移动机构上,所述空化射流枪通过所述多自由度水下机械手安装于所述水平移动机构上,所述三维激光扫描仪在所述空化射流枪的一侧安装于所述水平移动机构上,所述清洗观察系统间隔设置于所述三维激光扫描仪的前部并位于其下方,所述清洗观察系统包括清洗观察机构安装板,所述清洗观察机构安装板安装于所述水平移动机构上,其内水平间隔固定有用于实施观察螺旋桨表面清洗效果的清洗观察水下灯和清洗观察水下摄像头。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置,其特征在于:所述竖直移动机构包括竖直方向驱动电机、滑轨一、滚珠丝杠一,所述滑轨一在所述前安装板上竖直平行间隔设有两根,所述竖直方向驱动电机、所述滚珠丝杠一分别在两者之间安装于所述前安装板上,所述竖直方向驱动电机与所述滚珠丝杠一连接;所述水平移动机构包括L型底板、水平方向驱动电机、滑轨二、滚珠丝杠二、部件集成安装板,所述L型底板的竖直面架设安装于两个所述滑轨一上并与所述滚珠丝杠一连接,所述滑轨二在所述L型底板的水平内侧面上 平行间隔设有两根,所述水平方向驱动电机、所述滚珠丝杠二分别在两者之间安装于所述L型底板水平内侧面上,所述水平方向驱动电机与所述滚珠丝杠二连接,所述部件集成安装板架设安装于两个所述滑轨二上并与所述滚珠丝杠二连接,所述三维激光扫描仪、所述空化射流枪、所述多自由度水下机械手、所述清洗观察系统分别安装于所述部件集成安装板上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置,其特征在于:所述控制系统硬件结构包括电子舱、电力舱和机械手控制舱,从上至下依次布置。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置,其特征在于:所述水平推进器组件包括四个水平推进器,分别为第一水平推进器、第二水平推进器、第三水平推进器、第四水平推进器,还包括推进器安装座,所述第一水平推进器、所述第二水平推进器分别通过一个所述推进器安装座水平间隔安装于所述前安装板上,所述清洗模块移动机构位于两者之间,所述第三水平推进器和所述第四水平推进器分别水平间隔安装于所述控制系统硬件机构的相对两侧;所述竖直推进器组件包括第一竖直推进器、第二竖直推进器,所述第一竖直推进器与所述第二竖直推进器水平间隔安装于所述后安装板上,所述控制系统硬件机构位于两者之间。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置,其特征在于:所述测距传感器组件包括第一水下超声波测距传感器、第二水下超声波测距传感器,所述第一水下超声波测距传感器、所述第二水下超声波测距传感器分别安装于所述水平安装板前端的两个顶角处。
- 一种权利要求1~8任一所述的船舶螺旋桨清洗装置的清洗方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:步骤一:吊放船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置;将船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置通过船舶甲板或岸边的吊机投放入待清洗螺旋桨所在区域海水中,操作人员在船上或岸边通过水上操控台对水下清洗装置进行监控,通过网络通讯将水下拍摄到的画面反馈在水上操控台的观测界面上;步骤二:定位夹持;水上操作人员根据采集回来的图像画面,控制船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置上的水平推进器组件、竖直推进器组件配合运动,将船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置移动到待清洗螺旋桨桨轴的上方区域;利用测距传感器组件采集回来的数据反馈对船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置的位置进行微调,使其处于螺旋桨桨轴的正上方区域位置,此时操作人员向控制系统硬件机构发送张开夹持定位卡爪机构的命令,控制夹持定位卡爪机构张开至最大展开量;向控制系统硬件机构发送继续下潜的命令,使船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置落在桨轴上,向控制系统硬件机构发送收缩夹持定位卡爪机构的命令,完成抱轴夹紧的动作;步骤三:桨叶轮廓识别;待船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置完成对于桨叶的相对固定后,控制清洗模块移动机构运动,采用螺旋桨桨叶整体轮廓的扫描识别方法获得待清洗螺旋桨桨叶单面的模型轮廓;步骤四:桨叶正面循环清洗;根据所获得的待清洗螺旋桨单面轮廓模型,采用多自由度水下机械手路径规划与控制方法由计算机操控带动清洗模块移动机构按规划路径进行清洗作业,同时,操作人员实时 观察桨叶的清洗效果;待完成单片桨叶的单面清洗作业后,清洗模块移动机构复位,夹持定位卡爪机构松开,控制水平方向推进器组件运动,使得船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置绕桨轴旋转至下一片桨叶,重复步骤四,进而完成待清洗螺旋桨整体的单面清洗;步骤五:桨叶背面清洗;重复步骤二至四,船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置通过夹持螺旋桨桨轴前端的桨帽实现对待清洗螺旋桨另一面的完整清洗,进而完成对待清洗螺旋桨的整体清洗;步骤六:清洗装置回收;船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置松开夹持定位卡爪机构并缩回,吊机通过缆绳将船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置回收回船上或岸上,完成一个清洗作业周期。
- 根据权利要求9所述一种船舶螺旋桨清洗装置的清洗方法,其特征在于:在步骤二中,所述定位夹持包括以下步骤:第一步:通过夹持定位卡爪机构的定位观测系统上的定位观测水下灯和定位观测水下摄像头,采集得到船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置底部的实时图像信息,并把图像信号传送回计算机控制系统,在观测界面上显示出来;第二步:水上操作人员根据采集回来的图像画面,控制水平推进器组件、竖直推进器组件配合配合运动,将船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置移动到待清洗螺旋桨桨轴的上方区域;具体为上位机根据操作人员的指令发送信号给控制系统硬件机构,控制系统硬件机构在接收到信号后,发送数字量信号给对应的水平推进器组件或竖直推进器组件,进而实现对船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置各推进器的控制;第三步:根据测距传感器组件采集回来的数据反馈对船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置的位置进行水平径向微调,使其处于螺旋桨桨轴的正上方区域位置,此时操作人员向下位机发送张开卡爪的命令,控制打开夹持定位卡爪机构至最大展开量;第四步:向控制系统硬件机构发送继续下潜的命令,控制竖直推进器组件运动,令船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置继续下移至桨轴正上方,通过测距传感器组件返回的各距离值调整船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置的水中姿态;第五步:向控制系统硬件机构发送收缩卡爪的命令,控制夹持定位卡爪机构反向运动,夹持定位卡爪机构的压力传感器采集得到压力数据P,当P满足Pmin<P<Pmax时,夹持定位卡爪机构上的所有第一电动推杆和第二电动推杆停止工作,其中Pmin表示夹紧桨轴的最小挤压力,Pmax表示夹紧桨轴的最大挤压力,从而完成船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置对螺旋桨桨轴的定位夹持;在步骤三中,所述螺旋桨桨叶整体轮廓的扫描识别方法包括以下步骤:第1步:根据清洗模块移动机构上的三维激光扫描仪的扫描范围,再由清洗模块移动机构带动三维激光扫描仪运动所构成的X 0OY 0平面内设置相应的螺旋桨桨叶扫描站点,确保每两站扫描的点云数据之间的重叠部分在10%-20%之间;第2步:控制三维激光扫描仪依次到达所设定的站点,每到达一个站点,水平移动机构停止工作,三维激光扫描仪开始工作,设定三维激光扫描仪中心为坐标原点,建立空间直角坐标系,X 1、Y 1为平面,Z 1为垂直方向,Q为坐标点到监测点的距离,α为扫描仪测量到的水平角,θ为扫描仪测量到的竖直角,求得待清洗螺旋桨目标点M相对于坐标原点的空间坐标,计 算公式如下:完成该站点扫描工作后,继续控制导轨运动前往下一个站点进行扫描,重复上述过程直至完成对整片桨叶的扫描工作;第3步:对相邻两组站点中的一组点云数据进行坐标转换,得到相邻坐标系下该组数据的点云坐标,进而实现相邻两组站点的点云数据拼接,变换后的拼接点云坐标为:其中,(X b、Y b、Z b)为转换后的坐标,(X a、Y a、Z a)为未转换的坐标,(X T、Y T、Z T)是三个平移参数,R是两个坐标之间的旋转矩阵。以此类推,最终生成同一坐标系下的点云数据;第4步:对点云数据进行杂点处理、噪声去除、冗余点处理、点云数量优化,将处理好的运输局导出成相应格式文件;第5步:将点云数据文件导进相应建模软件,点云数据变成可编辑多边形网格模型,以三角网格的形式铺满整个模型表面,创建成完整光滑面片模型,模型完成后再进行相应修补,最终得到待清洗螺旋桨桨叶面的模型轮廓,并回传给计算机控制系统;在步骤四中,所述多自由度水下机械手路径规划与控制方法包括以下步骤:步骤1:在清洗模块移动机构内,以多自由度水下机械手机座相对水平移动机构和竖直移动机构的初始位置建立固定参考坐标系,表示为{0};步骤2:建立多自由度水下机械手连杆关节的坐标系{i},设定多自由度水下机械手的关节i-1和i两轴线的公垂线同i轴线的交点为连杆坐标系{i}原点,关节i轴线为{i}的Z i轴,关节i和i+1轴线的公共法线为{i}的X i轴,右手定则确定{i}的Y i轴,至此完成连杆坐标系{i}的定义,同理,依次定义坐标系{i-1}和{i+1},末端执行器的坐标系为{n};步骤3:获取多自由度水下机械手末端执行器相对固定参考坐标系{0}的位姿表示公式:根据上述桨叶轮廓扫描方法得出待清洗桨叶面的模型轮廓,以及定位卡爪机构夹持桨轴的控制方法得到的船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置与待清洗螺旋桨相对固定位置,再结合空化射流枪的有效清洗范围,由控制计算机综合三者数据信息得到多自由度水下机械手清洗完整桨叶面的末端执行机构相对于参考坐标系{0}的期望位姿,表示为:式中:n,o,a为机械手在三维空间中的方位角所确定的空间向量;P为末端执行机构的位置坐标;r 11-r 33表示各个旋转角;步骤4:设定各关节坐标系之间的坐标变换矩阵:根据步骤2建立的坐标系,通过4×4齐次变换矩阵建立水下机械手相邻两连杆间的空间关系,坐标变换关系矩阵为:其中,a i为相邻关节间的连杆长度、α i为连杆扭角、d i为连杆距离、θ i为连杆夹角。并与步骤3公式连列方程组为:计算机根据代数逆解方程组解算出该位置与姿态下水下机械手各个关节角θ 1、θ 2、θ 3…θ i的角度步骤6:建立多自由度水下机械手关节运动轨迹函数方程:根据求得的多自由度水下机械手末端执行机构空间位置和关节摆动角度关系θ if(i=1,2,K),以及多自由度水下机械手起始各关节角度θ io(i=1,2,K),采用五次多项式插值法,建立机械手某关节转角的轨迹函数为:θ(t)=a 0+a 1t+a 2t 2+a 3t 3+a 4t 4+a 5t 5其中,该函数的多项式系数必须满足6个约束条件:通过6个待定系数的求解得出该关节轨迹规划函数,分别对多自由度水下机械手所有关节按上述方法关节轨迹规划,即可完成多自由度水下机械手的关节空间轨迹规划,由上述步骤可以规划出船舶螺旋桨水下清洗装置清洗桨叶时末端执行机构的运动轨迹,在规划出的路径曲线上取一百个点作为机械手的末端位置点,相邻两点之间再插入一百个点,这一百个点分别既为起始点,又为终止点,每相邻两点使用五次多项式进行点到点的插补计算,按照这种方法,计算出各关节点的轨迹规划,机械手控制器按照计算得出的关节空间轨迹规划控制机械手运动,进而实现对待清洗螺旋桨桨叶面的完整清洗。
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