WO2022116789A1 - 一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置与应用 - Google Patents

一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置与应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022116789A1
WO2022116789A1 PCT/CN2021/130080 CN2021130080W WO2022116789A1 WO 2022116789 A1 WO2022116789 A1 WO 2022116789A1 CN 2021130080 W CN2021130080 W CN 2021130080W WO 2022116789 A1 WO2022116789 A1 WO 2022116789A1
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cavity
vehicle
air
resistance
cavity body
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PCT/CN2021/130080
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄竹山
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黄竹山
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/12—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting otherwise than by retarding wheels, e.g. jet action
    • B60T1/16—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting otherwise than by retarding wheels, e.g. jet action by increasing air resistance, e.g. flaps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/32—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on moving objects, e.g. vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of mobile equipment such as automobiles, high-speed railways, motor trains, rail passenger cars, airplanes, etc., and the field of energy conservation and emission reduction.
  • the biggest resistance in the high-speed driving of the vehicle comes from the air resistance, that is, the wind resistance.
  • its motion resistance is mainly caused by the wind resistance. It is generally believed that when the speed of the car reaches 80km/h, 50% of the resistance of the car movement comes from the wind resistance, when the speed reaches 120km/h, 85% of the resistance comes from the wind resistance, and when the speed is 160km/h, 95% of the resistance comes from the wind resistance. The speed is doubled and the wind resistance is tripled.
  • Rail transportation vehicles such as high-speed rail and high-speed trains have higher speeds per hour, and the main resistance during driving is wind resistance.
  • the wind resistance of the vehicle has three forms. The first is the windward resistance caused by the airflow hitting the front of the vehicle and the accumulation, the second is the frictional resistance, and the third is the shape resistance.
  • the shape resistance is mainly caused by the positive pressure on the windward side of the vehicle and the vacuum area behind the vehicle. Negative pressure is the main source of wind resistance, of which friction resistance is the smallest.
  • the windward resistance of a high-speed vehicle is mainly caused by the impact of the airflow and the accumulation of air in front of the vehicle.
  • the main method to reduce the windward wind resistance is to adopt the streamline design of the front of the vehicle to reduce the wind resistance, or to use the guide components to optimize the aerodynamic characteristics, etc.
  • the streamlined design of the aircraft has greatly reduced the wind resistance, but the wind resistance is unavoidable. It is still necessary to continuously improve and improve the technology to reduce the wind resistance. If the wind resistance is reduced, and additional power or electricity is obtained, it will be huge. Technological advances have significantly reduced operating costs.
  • the present invention provides a method for reducing wind resistance while obtaining power or electric energy and its device and application.
  • the negative pressure area between the area and the outer surface is connected with several cavities and pipes to form a wind tunnel.
  • the air on the windward parts is diverted to the negative pressure area through the wind tunnel by using the difference in atmospheric static pressure at both ends of the wind tunnel.
  • Reduce the windward resistance of the windward components when the diverted airflow flows through the airfoil-shaped components fixed vertically to the traveling direction in the cavity, a thrust similar to the lift of the aircraft is generated.
  • the direction of the force is consistent with the traveling direction of the equipment. The force does work on the equipment and obtains power.
  • the direction of the impact force of the airflow on the airfoil is perpendicular to the direction of travel, which does not constitute a travel resistance, but becomes a beneficial vehicle-to-ground adhesion or aircraft lift, or when applied to a vehicle, the airfoil
  • the included angle with the traveling direction is an acute angle, and the airflow has a traveling direction component force and a downward component force on the thrust of the piece, that is, the forward thrust and the adhesion to the ground are obtained; or the diverted airflow impacts the cavity of the cavity.
  • the impeller of the wind turbine rotates to generate electricity, and the direction of the impact force of the airflow on the impeller is consistent with the direction of travel, and the impact force becomes the driving force, or the direction of the impact force of the airflow on the impeller is perpendicular to the direction of travel, which becomes a beneficial vehicle-to-ground adhesion or aircraft.
  • the lift, or the direction of the impact force of the airflow is at an acute angle with the direction of travel, and the power and ground adhesion or lift are obtained at the same time; the airflow in the wind tunnel is the flow from the high-density area to the low-density area, and the resultant force of the impact force of the airflow on the inner wall of the wind tunnel zero.
  • the wind tunnel is composed of the following four kinds of cavity bodies, including at least a first and a fourth cavity body, which are connected by pipes in turn.
  • the first cavity is a component on the windward surface manufactured into the shape of a cavity, such as bumpers, license plates, front air guides, nose air guides, wind collecting components, etc. There is air on the windward surface of this component an introduction hole, the inner cavity of which is communicated with the second hollow body through a pipeline;
  • the second cavity body is rigidly connected to the resistance member of the mobile equipment, and the airfoil-shaped component is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the cavity.
  • the component is placed perpendicular to the traveling direction, and the convex surface points to the traveling direction.
  • the edge faces upwards to face the airflow, when applied to aircraft, the leading edge faces downwards to face the airflow, or when applied to vehicles, the airfoil part is at an acute angle with the direction of travel, and the forward and downward force components are obtained.
  • the second cavity The body is communicated with the third hollow body through a pipeline;
  • the third cavity is rigidly connected to the bearing member of the mobile equipment, and there is an impeller of the wind turbine in the inner cavity.
  • the direction of the impact force of the airflow on the impeller is consistent with the direction of travel, or vertical, or at an acute angle to the direction of travel , the third cavity body is communicated with the fourth cavity body through the pipeline;
  • the fourth cavity body is fixedly installed under the mobile equipment or in other negative pressure areas.
  • the other sides of the hole are closed, and the sum of the areas of the air outlet holes is not less than the sum of the areas of the air inlet holes of the first cavity body;
  • the principle of air flow in the device and reducing wind resistance and external resistance is that when the mobile equipment is running at high speed, the air and the equipment move relative to each other, and the air flows across the surface of the exit hole of the fourth cavity at a high speed.
  • the static pressure on the surface of the four-cavity body becomes smaller, and the static pressure on the windward part of the first cavity body is at least one atmospheric pressure, that is, the static pressure difference between the inlet holes and the outlet holes at both ends of the wind tunnel, and the flow of air to the outlet holes
  • the suction effect of the wind tunnel causes the air to flow into the wind tunnel from the introduction hole of the first cavity body, through the second and third cavity bodies, and flow out from the outlet hole of the fourth cavity body, that is, there is airflow in the wind tunnel.
  • the travel speed is rapidly reduced to zero, and the thrust on the airfoil component is also reduced to zero accordingly.
  • the valve is closed at the same time to eliminate the thrust on the airfoil part, and air resistance is generated on the first cavity at this time, which is beneficial to shorten the braking distance.
  • the first cavity body and the fourth cavity body installed on the rear side of the vehicle are connected by pipes to form a wind tunnel, which will reduce the vacuum degree at the rear of the vehicle and reduce the positive pressure at the front of the vehicle and the rear of the vehicle.
  • the shape resistance caused by the negative pressure difference is a condition in which the vacuum degree at the rear of the vehicle is reduced.
  • a device is manufactured, and the device is characterized in that the device is formed by connecting a plurality of hollow bodies including at least a first and a fourth hollow body among the four kinds of hollow bodies, and the order is as follows: the first hollow body The cavity, the second cavity, the third cavity, and the fourth cavity, of which the first and the fourth cavity are necessary conditions for the device, which are further described below:
  • the first cavity body is the parts on the windward side of the mobile equipment, such as bumpers, license plates, front air guides, nose air guides, wind collecting parts, etc. It is manufactured into a shape with an inner cavity, There are air inlet holes on the windward side.
  • the parts on the vehicle are mesh inlet holes or there are mesh baffles in the pipeline.
  • the aperture should not be too large to prevent large particles of hard objects from being sucked into the cavity and impact damage to the components. Larger, more conducive to the introduction of air, reduce airflow impact and accumulation during high-speed movement, and reduce wind resistance;
  • the second cavity body is fixedly installed on the bearing member of the mobile equipment, and its shape is a thin cavity cuboid.
  • the airfoil-shaped part of the aircraft is fixedly installed in the cavity of the cavity, and the convex surface points to the traveling direction, so that the airflow generated
  • the thrust direction is in the same direction as the travel direction.
  • the leading edge faces upwards to meet the airflow, and the impact force of the airflow on the leading edge faces downwards, which increases the ground adhesion of the vehicle when driving at high speed.
  • the leading edge faces downwards. To the airflow, the impact force of the airflow on the leading edge becomes the lift force. The larger the area of the airfoil-shaped component, the greater the thrust generated.
  • the third cavity body is fixedly installed on the resistance member of the mobile equipment, and its shape is a cylindrical or cuboid cavity body.
  • the wind turbine body is placed outside the cavity and fixed on the equipment, and the impeller shaft passes through the cavity.
  • One side wall of the cavity is slidably sealed with it, the impeller is in the cavity, and the direction of the impact force of the airflow on the impeller is preferably the same or perpendicular to the traveling direction;
  • the fourth cavity body is preferably fixedly installed below the mobile equipment, and its shape is a plate-shaped cavity body.
  • the downward side is inclined forward and backward and the surface is grooved.
  • the downward facing surface and the surrounding non-windward sides are covered with diversion holes for air to flow out.
  • a first cavity body and a fourth cavity body constitute the most basic device, which has the function of reducing the wind resistance in the wind, and then obtains power or electricity when the second or third cavity body is combined and applied, according to the mobile equipment space and demand, increase the number of the second or third cavity to obtain better results;
  • the first cavity and the fourth cavity installed on the rear side of the vehicle constitute a wind tunnel, which can Reduce the vacuum at the rear of the car and reduce the shape resistance caused by the difference between the positive pressure at the front and the negative pressure at the rear.
  • the manufacturing material of this device can use metal or non-metal material.
  • the present invention can be widely used in fuel vehicles, electric vehicles, rail transport vehicles, airplanes, motorcycles and other mobile equipment to reduce wind resistance, save energy and reduce emissions, obtain additional power or electrical energy, and reduce operating costs.
  • the rail vehicle will be a huge mobile power generation facility, and the addition of the device will hardly change the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle; or a special car with the device installed in a train, the first cavity body wind collecting part and the fourth cavity body are installed in The bottom or roof of the vehicle can obtain a huge amount of power or electric energy, which has significant economic and social benefits.
  • the body structure of commercial vehicles and passenger cars determines that their windward wind resistance is large, and reducing the windward wind resistance has always been a difficult problem.
  • the application of the present invention can significantly reduce the windward wind resistance, and at the same time obtain power or electric energy to achieve energy saving and emission reduction. Significantly reduces operating costs.
  • the present invention provides a method for using wind energy to generate electricity during the running of the vehicle, which is helpful to prolong the cruising range of the electric vehicle.
  • the present invention can reduce the windward resistance on the front bumper.
  • the front bumper is made into a cavity shape, and other cavities in the present invention are used in combination to significantly reduce the windward resistance on the front bumper.
  • the present invention can reduce the wind resistance on the license plate.
  • the flat plate shape of the license plate leads to a large wind resistance, which is also an important factor of energy consumption.
  • the license plate is made into a cavity, the outer plate printed with the license plate number is covered with introduction holes, and the plate behind the cavity is coated with paint of the same shape and color as the holes on the outer plate, so that the license plate number is And the outline is clearly visible, meeting the traffic regulations of the license plate. Reducing the wind resistance on the license plate is conducive to energy saving and emission reduction. It will be a major change in the license plate and will have huge social benefits.
  • the high-speed car can obtain forward thrust and adhesion to the ground, that is, It saves energy and improves high-speed driving stability, which is beneficial to the lightweight of automobiles.
  • the fourth cavity body is installed on the bottom of the vehicle, so that its material and physical and chemical indicators meet the standard of the base plate, and this part has the function of the base plate.
  • a valve is installed in the pipeline in the present invention, and the valve is closed at the same time when the moving vehicle is braked, resulting in air resistance, especially for high-speed mobile equipment such as high-speed rail, high-speed trains, and vehicles on expressways, which generate huge air resistance, which is beneficial to Shorten the braking distance.
  • the device in the present invention has a simple structure, can be made of metal or non-metal materials, does not need to change the structure of the mobile equipment, does not change the aerodynamic characteristics of the original equipment, has strong feasibility and operability, and has broad application prospects.
  • Fig. 1 is the wire frame diagram of the second cavity body
  • the figures are marked as: 1, the shell; 2, the airfoil-shaped part; 3, the airflow outlet; 4, the airflow inlet.
  • Example 1 The device is applied to a car
  • the first cavity body is the front bumper and the license plate
  • the second cavity body is fixedly connected to the frame
  • the fourth cavity body is fixedly installed on the chassis
  • the power generation P 42kw
  • the direction of the impact force of the airflow on the fan is downward, which increases the adhesion of the vehicle to the ground.
  • the first cavity is the windward part grille on the front of the car, the rearview mirror housing, etc.
  • the fourth cavity is the fairing on the top of the cab, whose function is to reduce the impact of air and stacking to reduce wind resistance
  • another set of devices the first cavity body is a bumper, etc.
  • the fourth cavity body is installed on the chassis, and the second or third cavity body is applied according to the vehicle space, the function is to reduce the wind resistance. obtain power or electricity at the same time.
  • the first cavity is the front-end flow guide part of the high-speed rail locomotive.
  • the two second cavity bodies are fixed in series on the high-speed rail, and the fourth cavity is installed on the bottom surface of the high-speed rail.
  • the air outlet hole area S 1 1m 2 of the single cavity body
  • the lead-in void area S 2 0.5m 2
  • the wing lift coefficient c 0.8
  • Specific embodiment 5 the device is applied to the high-speed rail
  • the front end of the nose of the aircraft is made into the first cavity, or the air collecting component is installed on the fuselage as the first cavity, and the fourth cavity is installed on the abdomen of the fuselage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置和应用，属汽车、轨道运输车辆、飞机等移动装备领域，节能减排领域。其特征是将移动装备高速运行时呈负压的区域与迎风面上呈正压的区域以空腔体和管道联通构成风洞，利用风洞两端产生的大气静压强差，将迎风面上的气流从迎风部件导入风洞，从负压区导出，降低迎风风阻；气流流经空腔体中的与行进方向垂直固定的翼型部件时，对该件产生向前的推力，该力做功获得动力；或空腔体内置风力发电机叶轮，气流在与行进方向垂直的方向上对叶轮冲击旋转发电，获得电能；同时公开了腔体形汽车保险杠和腔体形汽车车号牌。本发明可广泛应用于移动装备领域，有益于节能减排，降低运行成本。

Description

一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置与应用 技术领域
本发明属于汽车、高铁、动车、轨道客车、飞机等移动装备领域，节能减排领域。
背景技术
车辆高速行驶中最大的阻力来自空气的阻力，即风阻，车辆行驶的越快，需克服的风阻越大，当车辆的速度达到一定值后，它的运动阻力主要是风阻带来的。普遍认为汽车的时速达到80km/h时，汽车运动的阻力的50％来自风阻，时速达到120km/h时，阻力的85％来自风阻，时速为160km/h时，阻力的95％来自风阻，汽车的速度增加一倍，风阻增加三倍。
轨道运输车辆高铁、动车等时速更高，行驶时的主要阻力是风阻。
车辆的风阻有三种形式，第一是气流撞击车辆正面并且堆积产生的迎风阻力，第二是摩擦阻力，第三是外形阻力，外形阻力主要是由车辆迎风面的正压与车辆后方的真空区负压产生的，是风阻的主要来源，其中摩擦阻力最小。
高速行驶车辆的迎风阻力主要是气流的撞击和车辆前方的空气堆积造成的，目前降低迎风风阻的主要手段是采取车头流线形设计来减小风阻，或采用导流部件优化空气动力学特性等手段，还没有出现有效的以风洞方式导流减少迎风面空气堆积的技术应用，也没有出现用导出的气流获得动力或用导流的气流发电的技术应用。
如果有效的减少车辆高速行驶时的车头空气冲击和堆积，并且在没有消耗车辆原有动力的前提下，用导出的气流获得动力或发电反馈给车辆应用，将极其有利于节能减排，显著降低运行成本。
飞机的流线形设计，已大幅减小了迎风风阻，但是风阻是不可避免的，仍然需要不断提升完善降低风阻的技术，如果即减少了风阻，又额外获得了动力或电能，将是巨大的技术进步，显著降低运行成本。
发明内容
为了解决上述的问题和技术进步，本发明提供了一种减小风阻同时获得 动力或电能的方法及其装置与应用，其方法的特征是将移动装备高速行驶时外表面迎风面上呈正压区域与外表面呈负压区域以若干个空腔体和管道连通构成风洞，利用风洞两端的大气静压强差将迎风部件上的空气经风洞导流到负压区域导出，以此降低迎风部件的迎风阻力；导流的气流流经空腔体内腔中与行进方向垂向固定的机翼形部件时产生类似飞机升力的推力，该力的方向与装备行进方向一致，装备行进时该力对装备做功，获得动力，气流对翼型部件的冲击力方向与行进方向垂直，不构成行进阻力，而成为有益的车辆对地附着力或飞机升力，或应用于车辆时，翼型部件与行进方向夹角为锐角，气流对该件的推力有行进方向的分力和向下的分力，即获得向前的推力与对地附着力；或导流的气流冲击空腔体内腔中的风力发电机叶轮旋转发电获得电能，气流对叶轮的冲击力方向与行进方向一致，冲击力成为动力，或气流对叶轮的冲击力方向与行进方向垂直，成为有益的车辆对地附着力或飞机升力，或气流的冲击力方向与行进方向成锐角,同时获得动力与对地附着力或升力；风洞内气流是从高密度区流向低密度区的流动，气流对风洞内壁的冲击力合力为零。
风洞由以下四种空腔体中至少包含第一、第四空腔体的多种空腔体依次由管道连通构成，
(1)第一空腔体为制造成腔体形状的迎风面上的部件，如保险杠，车牌，车头导流件，机头导流件、集风部件等，该部件迎风面上有空气导入孔，其内腔经管道与第二个个空腔体联通；
(2)第二空腔体刚性联接在移动装备耐受力构件上，空腔体内腔中固定安装机翼型部件，该部件与行进方向垂向放置，凸面指向行进方向，应用于车辆时前缘朝上迎向气流，应用于飞机时前缘朝下迎向气流，或应用于车辆时翼型部件与与行进方向夹角为锐角，获得向前和向下的分力，第二空腔体经管道与第三个空腔体连通；
(3)第三空腔体刚性联接在移动装备耐受力构件上，内腔中有风力发电机的叶轮，气流对叶轮的冲击力方向与行进方向一致，或垂直，或与行进方向成锐角，第三空腔体经管道与第四个空腔体联通；
(4)第四空腔体固定安装在移动装备下方或其他的呈负压区，形状为板型空腔体，朝向负压区的侧面上布满空气导出孔，四周非迎风面上也有导出孔，其余侧面均封闭，空气导出孔面积之和不小于第一空腔体的空气导入孔 面积之和；
装置中空气流动以及降低迎风风阻、外型阻力的原理是，移动装备高速行驶时，空气与装备相对运动，气流高速划过第四空腔体导出孔表面，根据伯努利定律，大气对第四空腔体表面静压强变小，对第一空腔体迎风部件静压强至少为一个大气压，即风洞两端导入孔和导出孔间产生静压强差，还有气流对导出孔的吸卷作用，导致空气自第一空腔体导入孔流进风洞，经第二、第三空腔体，从第四空腔体导出孔流出，即风洞内有气流流动，当气流导出孔的面积之和大于气流导入孔的面积之和时，导入孔处的气流导入流速不小于装备的移动速度，因此，降低了迎风面上的空气冲击和堆积，减小了迎风阻力，显然也减小了外形阻力；
移动装备制动时，行进速度有快速变小直至为零的过程，翼型部件上的推力也有相应地变小直至为零的过程，为了缩短制动距离，或在装置的管道中固定安装阀门，启动制动时同时关闭阀门，消除翼型部件上的推力，此时第一空腔体上产生空气阻力，有益于缩短制动距离。
显然，对公路运输车辆，第一空腔体和安装在车辆后侧的第四空腔体用管道连通构成风洞，将降低车尾的真空度，减小由车头的正压与车尾的负压差引起的外形阻力。
以此方法制造一种装置，装置的特征是该装置由四种空腔体中的至少包含第一、第四空腔体的多个空腔体由管道连通而成，依次为；第一空腔体，第二空腔体，第三空腔体，第四空腔体，其中第一、第四空腔体是装置的必要条件，以下进一步说明：
(1)第一空腔体为移动装备迎风面上的零部件，如保险杠、车牌、车头导流件、机头导流件，集风部件等，将其制造成具有内腔的形状，其迎风面有空气导入孔，车辆上的部件是网状导入孔或管道中有网状挡板，孔径不能过大，防止大颗粒硬物被吸入空腔体中冲击损坏部件，导入孔面积越大，越有利于空气的导入，减少高速运动时的气流撞击和堆积，减小风阻；
(2)第二空腔体固定安装在移动装备耐受力构件上，其形状为薄形空腔长方体，空腔体内腔中固定安装飞机机翼形部件，凸面指向行进方向，使气流产生的推力方向与行进方向同向，应用于车辆时前缘朝上迎向气流，气流对前缘的冲击力方向朝下，增加车辆高速行驶时的地面附着力，应用于飞机时前缘朝下迎向气流，气流对前缘的冲击力成为升力，机翼形部件面积越 大，产生的推力越大，选择大升力系数翼型，迎角取最大值，根据流体质量连续定律，在满足空气动力学流场的条件下，机翼形部件所在处内腔横截面积越小，该处空气流速越大，获得的推力越大，对装备做的功越多，获得更大的动力，因此，机翼形部件所在处内腔横截面积越小，效果越佳；或应用于车辆时，翼型部件与行进方向的夹角为锐角，车辆即获得向前的推力，又获得对地附着力；
(3)第三空腔体固定安装在移动装备耐受力构件上，其形状为圆筒或长方体空腔体，风力发电机机体置于空腔体外并固定在装备上，叶轮轴穿过空腔体一侧壁并与其滑动密封，叶轮在空腔体中，优选气流对叶轮的冲击力方向与行进方向一致或垂直；
(4)第四空腔体优选固定安装在移动装备的下方，其形状为板形空腔体，为了充分利用空气的吸卷特性吸出空气，朝下的侧面呈前低后仰并且表面呈沟槽或台阶式等形状，朝下的面和四周非迎风侧面布满空气流出的导流孔，导出孔的面积之和越大，越有利于空气的导出，导出孔的面积之和不小于第一空腔体导入孔的面积之和；应用于车辆时，或使该空腔体的强度等指标满足护底板的标准，兼具有护底板的功能；或第四空腔体安装在装备呈负压的其他区域，朝向负压区域的面上布满空气导出孔；
(5)或装置的管道中安装阀门，移动装备制动时同时关闭阀门，消除翼型部件上的推力。
显然，一件第一空腔体和一件第四空腔体构成最基本的装置，具有降低迎风风阻的功能，再组合应用第二或第三空腔体时获得动力或电能，根据移动装备的空间和需求，增加第二或第三空腔体的数量，获得更好的效果；对公路运输车辆，第一空腔体和安装在车辆后侧的第四空腔体构成风洞，可降低车尾的真空度，减小由车头的正压与车尾的负压差引起的外形阻力。
本装置的制造材料可使用金属或非金属材料。
本发明的有益效果
1、本发明可广泛应用于燃油汽车、电动汽车、轨道运输车辆、飞机、摩托车等移动装备上，降低风阻，节能减排，获得额外的动力或电能，降低运行成本的目的。
2、高铁、动车等轨道运输车辆，在车体的下方或车顶面安装集风口做为装置中的第一空腔体，再组合应用第三、第四空腔体构成一套装置，一列 轨道车辆上可安装多套装置，其风力发电量极其巨大，并且，因发电机的转速完全可控可调，所以能获得高品味的电能，电能可供车辆使用或输入电网，大量运行中的轨道车辆将是巨大的移动发电设施，而且添加装置几乎没有改变车辆的空气动力学特性；或一列车辆中设置该装置的专用车厢，第一空腔体集风部件与第四空腔体安装在车底或车顶，可获得巨量的动力或电能，有显著的经济效益和社会效益。
3、商用车和客车的车身结构决定了其迎风风阻大，减小其迎风风阻历来是棘手的难题，应用本发明，可显著减小迎风风阻，同时可获得动力或电能，达到节能减排，显著降低运行成本。
3、本发明为车辆行驶过程中利用风能发电提供了一种方法，有助于延长电动车的续航里程。
4、本发明可减少前保险杠上的迎风阻力，将前保险杠制造成腔体形状，组合应用本发明中的其他空腔体，显著降低其上的迎风阻力。
5、本发明可减少车牌照上的迎风阻力，车牌照的平板形状导致其迎风风阻大，也是能耗的重要因素。利用本发明，将车牌照制造成腔体，印有牌照号的外板上布满导入孔，腔体内其背后的板上涂上与外板上的孔同形状同颜色的漆，使车牌号及轮廓清晰可见，满足车牌的交通法规要求。降低车牌照上的风阻，有利于节能减排，将是车牌照的大变革，具有巨大的社会效益。
6、本发明应用于小汽车上，第二空腔体中的翼型部件与行进方向的夹角为锐角时，高速行驶的汽车即获得向前的推力，又获得对地的附着力，即节能又提高高速驾驶稳定性，有利于汽车轻量化。
7、本发明中第四空腔体安装在车底，使其材料以及理化指标满足护底板标准，该部件兼具护底板的功能。
8、本发明中的管道中安装阀门，移动车辆制动时同时关闭阀门，产生空气阻力，尤其是像高铁、动车、高速路上的车辆等高速运行的移动装备，产生巨大的空气阻力，有利于缩短制动距离。
9、本发明中的装置结构简单，可应用金属或非金属材料制造，无需改变移动装备结构，不改变原装备的空气动力学特性，可行性、可操作性强，具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为第二空腔体线架图；
图中标记为：1、壳体；2、机翼形部件；3、气流流出口；4、气流流入口。
具体实施方式
以下实施例将对一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置进行完整、清楚的描述，并举例计算进行说明，举例计算是为了结合科学原理，进一步对本发明的新颖性、创造性、实用性进行说明，其数据、参数与实际应用有差异，计算结果四舍五入，均为近似值。
实施例1：装置应用于小汽车
第一空腔体是前保险杠、车牌，第二空腔体固定联接在车架上，第四空腔体固定安装在底盘上，
设；小汽车时速v 0＝110km/h＝30m/s，大气压P 0＝101000Pa，空气密度ρ＝1.29kg/m 3，翼型件面积S＝1m×0.2m＝0.2m 2，机翼升力系数c＝0.8，升阻比F L/F D＝15，第四空腔体上导出孔面积之和S 1＝0.5m 2，第一空腔体上导入空面积之和S 2＝0.3m 2,第二空腔体翼型部件所在处内腔横截面积S 3＝1m×0.1m＝0.1m 2，根据伯努利定律，大气对车辆下方空气导出口处的静压强，P 1＝P 0-1/2ρv 0 2＝101000-1/2×1.29×30×30＝100420Pa，大气对车头的静压强至少为一个大气压P 0,空腔体中的静压强为P 0,导出孔里外静压强差ΔP＝P 0-P 1＝580Pa，导出空气的流速
Figure PCTCN2021130080-appb-000001
根据质量连续定律，空气导入的流速为
Figure PCTCN2021130080-appb-000002
即空气的导入速度大于汽车的行进速度，减少了车头导入孔前的空气冲击和堆积，减小了迎风阻力；同理，第二空腔体机翼形部件所在处空气流速
Figure PCTCN2021130080-appb-000003
翼型部件上的空气推力F L＝1/2cρSv 3 2＝2322N,该力对车辆的动力是P 功率＝F L×V 0＝70千瓦，气流对机翼型部件的冲击力为F D＝155N，该力的方向朝下，增加了对地面的附着力。
具体实施例2：装置应用于小汽车
将实施例1中的第二空腔体换成第三空腔体，风扇处横截面半径及风扇的半径r＝0.2m，风扇旋转面面积A＝πr 2＝0.13m 2，该处的空气流速V＝V 1×S 1/A＝120m/s，风能转化电能公式P＝1/2ρAV 3Cp，其中空气密度ρ＝1.29kg/m 3，Cp是转化率，一般为30％，发电功率P＝42kw，气流对风扇的 冲击力方向朝下，增加了车辆对地面附着力。
具体实施例3：装置应用于商用车
应用两套装置，一套装置；第一空腔体为车头上的迎风部件格栅、后视镜壳体等，第四空腔体为驾驶室顶上的整流罩，功能是减少空气的冲击和堆积，减小风阻；另一套装置；第一空腔体为保险杠等，第四空腔体安装于底盘，根据车辆空间应用第二或第三空腔体，功能是即减少了风阻的同时获得动力或电能。
具体实施例4：将装置应用于高铁上
第一空腔体是高铁车头最前端的导流部件，两个第二空腔体串联固定安装于高铁，第四空腔体安装在高铁底面上，高铁时速V＝350km/h＝97m/s，单件空腔体空气导出孔面积S 1＝1m 2，导入空面积S 2＝0.5m 2，机翼升力系数c＝0.8，升阻比F L/F D＝15，翼型部件面积所在处横截面S 3＝2m×0.2m＝0.4m 2，翼型部件面积S＝2m×0.3m＝0.6m 2，与具体实施例1的计算同理，气流导出的流速V 1＝97m/s，气流导入的流速V 2＝194m/s，即减少了车头前的空气冲击和堆积；翼型部件所在处空气流速V 3＝243m/s，对翼型部件的推力F L＝18282N，贡献的动力P＝1773kw，两个翼型部件贡献的总功率为P 总＝3546kw；增加的对地面总附着力F D＝2438N。
具体实施例5：将装置应用于高铁上
将实施例4中的两个第二空腔体置换成一个第三空腔体，第三空腔体半径与风扇叶片半径r＝0.4m，和截面积A＝πr 2＝0.5m 2,第三空腔体中的流速V＝194m/s，风能转化电能公式P＝1/2ρAV 3Cp，其中空气密度ρ＝1.29kg/m3，Cp是转化率，一般为30％；发电的功率P＝706kw，气流对风扇的冲击力方向朝下，增加了车辆对地面附着力。
具体实施例6：将本装置应用于飞机
飞机机头前端制造成第一空腔体，或机身上安装集风部件作为第一空腔体，第四空腔体安装在机身腹部，组合应用第二、第三空腔体，可获得动力或电能，因飞机飞行时速高，将获得及其巨大的推力或升力，即降低了迎风 风阻，又节能减排，降低运行成本。
以上是优选实施例，每个实施例都是根据具体装备和对应的具体装置、工作原理和工作过程进行了描述，各个实施例之间的相同相似部分互相参见即可。对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域的专业技术人员实现或使用本发明。对这种实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本发明中的方法及其装置在不脱离本发明的精神或范围下，可以在其他实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置与应用，其方法的特征是将移动装备行驶时其迎风面上的呈正压区域与外表面上呈负压区域以若干个空腔体和管道连通构成风洞，利用风洞两端空气导入孔和导出孔间的大气静压强差，将迎风部件上的空气导入风洞，从负压区域导出，以此降低迎风面的迎风阻力和外型阻力；导流的气流流经空腔体内腔中的机翼形部件时，机翼形部件上产生类似飞机升力的推力，该力的方向与行进方向一致，该力对装备做功，获得动力，气流对翼型部件的冲击力方向与行进方向垂直，不构成行进阻力，而成为有益的车辆对地附着力或飞机升力，或应用于车辆时，翼型部件与行进方向的夹角为锐角，使空气气流的推力即有行进方向的分力又有向下的分力，同时获得行进方向的推力和对地附着力；或气流冲击空腔体内腔中的风力发电机叶轮旋转发电，获得电能，气流对叶轮的冲击力方向与行进方向一致或垂直或成锐角，不构成行进阻力，而成为动力或车辆对地附着力或飞行升力；风洞内气流是从高密度区向低密度区的流动，风洞内气流对风洞壁的冲击力合力为零；或装置的管道中安装阀门，移动装备制动时，同时关闭阀门，消除空气的推力，同时迎风面空腔体上产生的空气阻力有利于缩短制动距离；或对公路运输车辆，第四空腔体安装在车辆后方，降低车尾的真空度，减少由车头的正压与车尾的负压差引起的外形阻力；
    其装置的特征是在以下四种空腔体中至少含有第一空腔体和第四空腔体的两种或两种以上的空腔体依次由管道联通而成，依次是第一、第二、第三、第四空腔体，其中第一、第四空腔体是必要条件；
    (1)第一空腔体是移动装备迎风面上的零部件，该零部件包含移动装备的前保险杠、车号牌、前照明灯罩、格栅、车头导流件、飞机机头导流件，集风口，将其制造成具有内腔的形状，其迎风面有空气导入孔，其内腔经管道与第二空腔体联通；
    (2)第二空腔体固定安装在移动装备耐受力构件上，空腔体内腔中固定安装飞机机翼形部件，该件凸面指向行进方向，使气流产生的推力方向与行进方向一致，应用于车辆时前缘朝上迎向气流，气流对前缘的冲击力方向朝下，成为车辆行驶时的地面附着力，应用于飞机时前缘朝下迎向气流，气 流对前缘的冲击力成为升力；或应用于车辆时，翼型部件与行进方向的夹角为锐角，使空气气流的推力即有行进方向的分力又有向下的分力；其内腔经管道与第三空腔体联通；
    (3)第三空腔体固定安装在移动装备耐受力构件上，风力发电机本体置于空腔体外并固定在装备上，其叶轮轴穿过空腔体一侧壁并与其滑动密封，叶轮在空腔体中，气流对叶轮的冲击力方向与行进方向一致或垂直或成锐角；第三空腔体内腔经管道与第四空腔体联通；
    (4)第四空腔体固定安装于装备的下方，或安装于呈负压的其他外表面上，朝向负压区的侧面上布满空气导出孔，安装在装备下方时，为了充分利用空气的吸卷特性吸出空气，朝下的面呈前低后仰的弧度，迎风面和顶面封闭，其余朝下的面和周围两侧及后面布满空气导出孔，导出孔的面积之和不小于第一空腔体的导入孔面积之和，孔的面积之和越大，越有利于空气的流出；应用于车辆时，或使该空腔体的强度等指标满足护底板的标准，兼具护底板的功能；
    (5)装置的管道中安装阀门，移动装备制动时同时关闭阀门，消除空气的推力，同时第一空腔体上产生的空气阻力有利于缩短制动距离；
    显然，一件第一空腔体和一件第四空腔体构成一套最基本的装置，具有降低迎风风阻的功能，再组合应用第二或第三空腔体时获得动力或电能，根据装备的空间和需求，增加第二或第三空腔体的数量；或对公路运输车辆，或第四空腔体安装在车辆后侧，降低车尾的真空度，减小由车头的正压与车尾的负压差引起的外形阻力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于将装置应用于公路运输车辆上，迎风部件前保险杠、车牌、照明灯罩、格栅或集风部件为第一空腔体，根据车辆的空间与需求组合应用第二或第三空腔体，第四空腔体固定安装在车辆下方或其他呈负压区，公路运输车辆包含小汽车、商用车、客车、摩托车。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于将装置应用于轨道运输车辆上，车头前端的迎风部件或集风部件为第一空腔体，组合应用第二或第三空腔体，第四空腔体刚性连接在车辆下方或车身外表面呈负压区，获得的电能供车辆使用或输入电网。
  4. 根据权利要求1或权利要求3所述的一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于，本装置专用轨道车辆车厢，该车厢外表面上安装集风装置为第一空腔体，第四空腔体安装于车身外表面呈负压区，组合应用第二、第三空腔体，将该车厢并入到高铁或动车组中获得动力，或发出的电能供车辆使用或输入电网。
  5. 根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于将汽车前保险杠制造成腔体形状，内腔经管道与其他空腔体联通，应用于本装置中。
  6. 根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于将汽车车号牌制造成薄形腔体结构，车牌号所在面上布满空气导入孔，内腔里位于其后的表面上涂漆遵循与牌照面同孔形同颜色原则，使牌照号及轮廓清晰可见，满足交通法规要求，该空腔体下方有孔利于排除雨水、异物等，其内腔与装置连通，应用于本装置中。
  7. 根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于，应用于小汽车，使第二空腔体中的翼型部件与行进方向的夹角为锐角，小汽车高速行驶时即获得向前的推力，又获得对地的附着力，提高高速驾驶稳定性，有助于汽车轻量化。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种减小风阻同时获得动力或电能的方法及其装置与应用，其特征在于，将装置应用与飞机上，机头前端的迎风部件制造成第一空腔体或在机身上安装集风部件做为第一空腔体，组合应用第二、第三、第四空腔体。
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