WO2022114726A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'ensemble membrane-électrode pour pile à combustible ayant une couche de renforcement - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'ensemble membrane-électrode pour pile à combustible ayant une couche de renforcement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022114726A1
WO2022114726A1 PCT/KR2021/017262 KR2021017262W WO2022114726A1 WO 2022114726 A1 WO2022114726 A1 WO 2022114726A1 KR 2021017262 W KR2021017262 W KR 2021017262W WO 2022114726 A1 WO2022114726 A1 WO 2022114726A1
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Prior art keywords
electrolyte membrane
layer
fuel cell
membrane
electrode
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PCT/KR2021/017262
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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현진수
임명수
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비나텍주식회사
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Publication of WO2022114726A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022114726A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
    • H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell, and more particularly, in the process of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell through a direct coating process, a reinforcement layer for minimizing defects while increasing process efficiency It relates to a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell in which a .
  • Assignment identification number 1415166877 Assignment number 20183030032010 Buddha name Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy Project Management (Professional) Name of Institution Korea Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning Institute Research project name Renewable energy core technology development (R&D) Research project name Development of high-reliability PEMFC using ceramic-carbon hybrid catalyst carrier technology for preventing carbon corrosion
  • a fuel cell system is a kind of power generation system that directly converts chemical energy applied on a fuel film into electrical energy in a fuel cell stack without converting it into heat by combustion.
  • a fuel cell system is largely composed of a fuel cell stack that generates electrical energy, a fuel supply system that supplies fuel (hydrogen) to the fuel cell stack, an air supply system that supplies oxygen in the air, which is an oxidizing agent required for electrochemical reactions, to the fuel cell stack, and It consists of a heat and water management system that removes the reaction heat of the fuel cell stack to the outside of the system and controls the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack.
  • a fuel cell stack is an electrical energy generating device in which unit cells are repeatedly stacked, and in this case, the unit cell is a minimum fuel cell component for generating electrical energy by reacting hydrogen and oxygen.
  • This unit cell structure is a stacked structure in the order of a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), a gas diffusion layer (GDL), and a gasket.
  • MEA membrane-electrode assembly
  • GDL gas diffusion layer
  • gasket a gasket
  • the membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell is manufactured by coating an electrode slurry in which an active material, a conductive material, a binder, and a solvent are mixed on an electrolyte membrane in which hydrogen ions move, and then drying it at a high temperature.
  • an electrode slurry in which an active material, a conductive material, a binder, and a solvent are mixed
  • electrolyte membrane in which hydrogen ions move
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell in which a reinforcing layer is formed to minimize defects caused by residual solvents or high-temperature conditions in the process of forming an electrode coating layer.
  • the method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell having a reinforced layer comprises the steps of positioning an electrolyte membrane on one surface of a flat plate, forming a reinforcement layer on the electrolyte membrane, and the electrolyte membrane coated with the reinforcement layer It characterized in that it comprises the step of attaching a sub gasket on the substrate, and forming an electrode coating layer by applying an electrode slurry on the electrolyte membrane to which the sub gasket is attached.
  • the forming of the reinforcement layer is characterized in that the reinforcement layer is formed on the electrolyte membrane through spray coating.
  • the reinforcing layer is characterized in that the reinforcing layer is carbon nanofiber (CNF).
  • the thickness of the reinforcement layer is 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell having a reinforced layer comprises the steps of locating a first electrolyte membrane on one surface of a flat plate, forming a first reinforcement layer on the first electrolyte membrane, the first 1 Attaching a first sub gasket on a first electrolyte membrane coated with a reinforcing layer, forming a first electrode coating layer by applying an electrode slurry on the first electrolyte membrane to which the first sub gasket is attached Step, rotating the flat plate to position the second electrolyte membrane on the other surface of the flat plate, forming a second reinforcing layer on the second electrolyte membrane, a second electrolyte membrane coated with the second reinforcing layer and attaching a second sub gasket thereon, and forming a second electrode coating layer by coating the electrode slurry on the electrolyte membrane to which the second sub gasket is attached.
  • the method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell having a reinforced layer further comprising drying the first electrode coating layer or the second electrode coating layer after forming the first electrode coating layer characterized in that
  • the step of pressing the first and second electrode coating layers through a press device is further performed. characterized by including.
  • the method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell with a reinforced layer forms a reinforced layer on the electrolyte membrane before direct coating, resulting from residual solvent or high-temperature conditions in the process of forming the electrode coating layer. defects can be minimized.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell in which a reinforcement layer is formed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 to 15 are views for explaining each step of the method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell in which a reinforcement layer is formed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • EIS 17 is a graph showing the results of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) experiments according to Examples and Comparative Examples.
  • FIGS. 2 to 15 are a fuel cell membrane- It is a view for explaining each step of the electrode assembly manufacturing method.
  • a flat plate 90 is prepared, and as shown in FIG. 3 , the first electrolyte membrane 10a is positioned on one surface 91 of the flat plate 90 .
  • the flat plate 90 may be a hot plate capable of setting a temperature. That is, by controlling the temperature of the flat plate 90, it is possible to dry the first and second electrode coating layers 52 and 152 in steps S50 or S90 to be described later.
  • the first electrolyte membrane 10a includes an ion conductor.
  • the ion conductor may be a cation conductor having a cation exchange group capable of transporting a cation such as a proton, or an anion conductor having an anion exchange group capable of transporting an anion such as a hydroxy ion, carbonate or bicarbonate.
  • the cation exchange group may be any one selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid group, a carboxyl group, a boronic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, an imide group, a sulfonimide group, a sulfonamide group, and combinations thereof, and generally a sulfonic acid group or a carboxyl group. .
  • the cationic conductor includes a fluorine-based polymer including the cation exchange group and containing fluorine in its main chain; Benzimidazole, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyimide, polyacetal, polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic resin, polyester, polysulfone, polyether, polyetherimide, polyester, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, poly hydrocarbon-based polymers such as carbonate, polystyrene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, polyether ketone, polyaryl ether sulfone, polyphosphazene or polyphenylquinoxaline; partially fluorinated polymers such as polystyrene-graft-ethylenetetrafluoroethylene copolymer or polystyrene-graft-polytetrafluoroethylene copolymer; sulfone imides and the like.
  • the polymer may include a cation exchange group selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, and derivatives thereof in the side chain, and the specific Examples include poly(perfluorosulfonic acid), poly(perfluorocarboxylic acid), copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene containing sulfonic acid groups and fluorovinylethers, defluorinated sulfided polyetherketones or mixtures thereof fluorine-based polymers; Sulfonated polyimide (S-PI), sulfonated polyarylethersulfone (S-PAES), sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK), sulfonated polybenzimi Sulfonated polybenzimidazole (SPBI), sulfonated polysul
  • S-PI Sulfonated polyimide
  • S-PAES sul
  • Anionic conductors are polymers capable of transporting anions such as hydroxy ions, carbonates or bicarbonates.
  • Anionic conductors are commercially available in the hydroxide or halide (usually chloride) form, and anion conductors are industrial water (water) conductors. purification), metal separation or catalytic processes, and the like.
  • a polymer doped with a metal hydroxide may be generally used, and specifically, poly(ethersulfone) doped with a metal hydroxide, polystyrene, vinyl-based polymer, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), Poly(tetrafluoroethylene), poly(benzimidazole), poly(ethylene glycol), etc. can be used.
  • a reinforcement layer 10b is formed on the first electrolyte membrane 10a.
  • the reinforcement layer 10a may be coated on the first electrolyte membrane 10a through spray coating.
  • the reinforcing layer 10b may be a carbon nanofiber (CNF), and may have a thickness of 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • step S30 the first sub gasket 30 is attached on the first electrolyte membrane 10 coated with the reinforcement layer. That is, in step S20, the sub gasket 30 in the form of a film is attached on the first electrolyte membrane 10 coated with the reinforcing layer to secure a space in which the first electrode coating layer 52 is formed.
  • the sub gasket 30 is a heat-resistant base film that is at least one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • the sub gasket 30 may further include a thermally expansible pressure-sensitive adhesive layer that is at least one of an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, a rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, a vinyl alkyl ether-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, and a silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to one surface of the base film.
  • a thermally expansible pressure-sensitive adhesive layer that is at least one of an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, a rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, a vinyl alkyl ether-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, and a silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to one surface of the base film.
  • the electrode slurry 50 is applied on the first electrolyte membrane 10 coated with the reinforcing layer to which the first sub gasket 30 is attached.
  • One electrode coating layer 52 may be formed.
  • the electrode slurry 50 may be mixed with an active material, a conductive material, a binder, carbon powder, and an organic solvent.
  • Carbon black or activated carbon may be used as the carbon powder used, and the particle size may be 5 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the organic solvent one or a mixture of two or more selected from alcohols such as isopropanol, propanol, ethanol, and methanol may be used.
  • an additive having a boiling point of 200° C. or higher may be added to the organic solvent.
  • an additive of the organic solvent at least one of glycerol and 1,5-pentanediol may be included.
  • the glycerol may include 1 to 20% by weight based on the total weight. Accordingly, by adding at least one of glycerol and 1,5-pentanediol to the electrode slurry, defects caused by residual solvent or high temperature conditions in the process of forming the electrode coating layer can be minimized. .
  • the electrode slurry 50 may further include a polymer adhesive to increase adhesion during application, and the polymer adhesive includes a polymer electrolyte material having hydrogen ion conductivity, such as perfluorosulfonic acid, PTFE or hydrocarbon.
  • a polymer adhesive can be used.
  • the viscosity of the electrode slurry 50 is 100 to 2000 mPa It can be adjusted by adding an appropriate amount of an organic solvent so that it may become s.
  • the viscosity of the electrode slurry 50 is 100 mPa When it is less than s, the electrode slurry 50 flows out of the doctor blade furnace 70, and 2000 mPa If s is exceeded, the resistance increases when forming a sheet by the doctor blade 70, and irregularities may occur on the surface, making it impossible to form a sheet smoothly.
  • the air contained in the electrode slurry 50 may have irregularities or reduce homogeneity when applied, it is preferable to degas the contained air by centrifugal degassing or vacuum degassing.
  • the electrode slurry 50 may be applied in the release mold 30 attached to the first electrolyte membrane 10 using the doctor blade 70 to form the electrode coating layer 52 .
  • the electrode coating layer 52 formed here may have a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, which corresponds to the thickness of the release mold 30 .
  • the electrode slurry 50 is formed by applying the electrode slurry 50 to an equal thickness in the sub gasket 30 attached to the first electrolyte membrane 10 coated with the reinforcement layer by the movement of the doctor blade 70 .
  • a coating layer 52 is formed.
  • the first electrode coating layer 52 is dried in step S50.
  • various drying methods such as hot air drying, vacuum drying, infrared (IR) drying, etc. may be applied to the drying, and the drying temperature and time may be appropriately adjusted according to the boiling point (BP) of the solvent used.
  • the drying temperature may be drying at 60 °C to 150 °C for 05 hours to 10 hours. If the drying temperature is less than 60 ° C or the drying time is less than 05 hours, the swelling solvent may remain inside the polymer electrolyte membrane, or a sufficiently dried catalyst layer may not be formed, and if the drying temperature exceeds 150 ° C, the polymer electrolyte The membrane may receive chemical damage such as browning, or cracks may occur in the catalyst layer.
  • the sub gasket 30 may be removed in a state in which the first electrode coating layer 52 is dried.
  • step S60 as shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 , after rotating the flat plate 90 , the second electrolyte membrane 110a is positioned on the other surface 92 of the flat plate 90 .
  • a reinforcement layer 110b is formed on the second electrolyte membrane 110a.
  • the reinforcement layer 110a may be coated on the second electrolyte membrane 110a through spray coating.
  • the reinforcing layer 110b may be a carbon nanofiber (CNF), and may have a thickness of 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • step S80 the second sub gasket 130 is attached on the second electrolyte membrane 110 coated with the reinforcement layer. That is, in step S80, the sub gasket 130 in the form of a film is attached on the second electrolyte membrane 10 on which the reinforcement layer is formed, thereby securing a space in which the second electrode coating layer 152 is formed.
  • step S90 as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 , the electrode slurry 50 is applied on the second electrolyte membrane 110 coated with the reinforcing layer to which the second sub gasket 130 is attached.
  • a two-electrode coating layer 152 may be formed.
  • step S100 the second electrode coating layer 152 is dried in step S100 , and the second sub gasket 130 may be removed as shown in FIG. 14 .
  • the first electrode coating layer 52 and the second electrode coating layer 152 may be compressed through the press device 80 .
  • the press device 80 may be a device capable of a hot press process.
  • the hot press refers to a process of compressing the first electrode coating layer 52 and the second electrode coating layer 152 under conditions of high temperature and high pressure by applying heat and pressure.
  • Example As described above, a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell was manufactured by forming a reinforcement layer on the electrolyte membrane. In Comparative Example, a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell was manufactured through a decal transfer method without forming a reinforcing layer on the electrolyte membrane.
  • Chemical/electrochemical degradation means that radicals/hydrogen peroxide generated within the cell attack the polymer membrane and the membrane deteriorates.
  • pinholes and cracks are formed to increase the hydrogen permeability. This hydrogen permeability is measured to analyze the degradation of the electrolyte membrane. Therefore, the cross over current is measured and compared through the LSV hydrogen permeability experiment.
  • the direct coating method has an improvement effect on electrolyte membrane deterioration more than the transfer method.
  • EIS 17 is a graph showing the results of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) experiments according to Examples and Comparative Examples.
  • the membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to the embodiment of the present invention has an improvement effect in that the semicircle becomes smaller and the resistance is lowered to the left (because it is lowered) compared to the comparative example.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un ensemble membrane-électrode qui est destiné à une pile à combustible et qui comporte une couche de renforcement pour réduire au minimum les défauts tout en augmentant l'efficacité de traitement dans le processus de fabrication d'un ensemble membrane-électrode pour une pile à combustible par l'intermédiaire d'un processus de revêtement direct. Le procédé de fabrication d'un ensemble membrane-électrode qui est destiné à une pile à combustible et qui comporte une couche de renforcement selon la présente invention comprend les étapes consistant à : positionner une membrane électrolytique sur un côté d'une plaque plate ; former une couche de renforcement sur la membrane électrolytique ; fixer un sous-joint sur la membrane électrolytique revêtue de la couche de renforcement ; et former une couche de revêtement d'électrode en appliquant une suspension d'électrode sur la membrane électrolytique sur laquelle est fixé le sous-joint.
PCT/KR2021/017262 2020-11-25 2021-11-23 Procédé de fabrication d'ensemble membrane-électrode pour pile à combustible ayant une couche de renforcement WO2022114726A1 (fr)

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KR1020200159456A KR102467811B1 (ko) 2020-11-25 2020-11-25 강화층을 형성한 연료전지용 막-전극접합체 제조 방법
KR10-2020-0159456 2020-11-25

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KR102523375B1 (ko) * 2022-12-27 2023-04-19 주식회사 에스알엔디 연료전지용 막전극접합체 제조방법

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US20050260476A1 (en) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-24 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Membrane electrode assembly
JP2006252967A (ja) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-21 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池用固体高分子電解質膜、および、これを用いた燃料電池
KR20080071391A (ko) * 2007-01-30 2008-08-04 주식회사 엘지화학 연료전지용 막-전극 접합체의 연속제조방법 및연속제조장치
US8182958B2 (en) * 2007-01-29 2012-05-22 Panasonic Corporation Membrane membrane-reinforcement-member assembly, membrane catalyst-layer assembly, membrane electrode assembly and polymer electrolyte fuel cell
KR20160029101A (ko) * 2014-03-14 2016-03-14 도요타지도샤가부시키가이샤 보강형 전해질막의 제조 방법, 막 전극 접합체의 제조 방법 및 막 전극 접합체

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KR100542203B1 (ko) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-10 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 연료전지용 바인더 조성물, 막-전극 접합체 및 막-전극접합체의 제조방법

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050260476A1 (en) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-24 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Membrane electrode assembly
JP2006252967A (ja) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-21 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池用固体高分子電解質膜、および、これを用いた燃料電池
US8182958B2 (en) * 2007-01-29 2012-05-22 Panasonic Corporation Membrane membrane-reinforcement-member assembly, membrane catalyst-layer assembly, membrane electrode assembly and polymer electrolyte fuel cell
KR20080071391A (ko) * 2007-01-30 2008-08-04 주식회사 엘지화학 연료전지용 막-전극 접합체의 연속제조방법 및연속제조장치
KR20160029101A (ko) * 2014-03-14 2016-03-14 도요타지도샤가부시키가이샤 보강형 전해질막의 제조 방법, 막 전극 접합체의 제조 방법 및 막 전극 접합체

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