WO2022113648A1 - 天然ゴム、ゴム・スチールコード複合体及びタイヤ - Google Patents
天然ゴム、ゴム・スチールコード複合体及びタイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022113648A1 WO2022113648A1 PCT/JP2021/040003 JP2021040003W WO2022113648A1 WO 2022113648 A1 WO2022113648 A1 WO 2022113648A1 JP 2021040003 W JP2021040003 W JP 2021040003W WO 2022113648 A1 WO2022113648 A1 WO 2022113648A1
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- Prior art keywords
- rubber
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- natural rubber
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH3] ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-n'-phenylcarbamimidoyl chloride Chemical compound CN(C)C(Cl)=NC1=CC=CC=C1 GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUJLOAKJZQBENM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SNC(C)(C)C)=NC2=C1 IUJLOAKJZQBENM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILSQBBRAYMWZLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-n-propan-2-ylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SN(C(C)C)C(C)C)=NC2=C1 ILSQBBRAYMWZLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002587 poly(1,3-butadiene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NPSSWQJHYLDCNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoic acid;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.OC(=O)C=C NPSSWQJHYLDCNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940052367 sulfur,colloidal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPBXRRDHCADTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3-nitropropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCC[N+]([O-])=O FPBXRRDHCADTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJXRKYLOOJTENP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[2-(2-triethoxysilylethyldisulfanyl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCSSCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC FJXRKYLOOJTENP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASAOXGWSIOQTDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[2-(2-triethoxysilylethyltetrasulfanyl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCSSSSCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC ASAOXGWSIOQTDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIYERBJSDIUTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[2-(2-triethoxysilylethyltrisulfanyl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCSSSCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC URIYERBJSDIUTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBBATURSCRIBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyldisulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC FBBATURSCRIBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTRSAJDNBVXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[4-(4-triethoxysilylbutyldisulfanyl)butyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCSSCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC PTRSAJDNBVXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOPBHRUFGGDSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[4-(4-triethoxysilylbutyltetrasulfanyl)butyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCSSSSCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC NOPBHRUFGGDSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPPXVBLDIDEHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3-nitropropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC[N+]([O-])=O QPPXVBLDIDEHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSXKIRYGYMKWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(2-trimethoxysilylethyltetrasulfanyl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCSSSSCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC JSXKIRYGYMKWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQRACKNXKKOCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyldisulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCSSCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NQRACKNXKKOCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTTSZDBCLAKKAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCSSSSCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC JTTSZDBCLAKKAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNBXBRPOAJZBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[4-(4-trimethoxysilylbutyldisulfanyl)butyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCSSCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC BNBXBRPOAJZBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSZUEPNJCPXEGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[4-(4-trimethoxysilylbutyltrisulfanyl)butyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCSSSCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC GSZUEPNJCPXEGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/02—Carcasses
- B60C9/04—Carcasses the reinforcing cords of each carcass ply arranged in a substantially parallel relationship
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L7/00—Compositions of natural rubber
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to natural rubber, a rubber-steel cord composite using the natural rubber, and a tire using the rubber-steel cord composite.
- rubber compositions for coating cords used for carcass, belts, etc. are generally blended with rubber components such as natural rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and reinforcing fillers such as carbon black. ing.
- Such a rubber composition for coating a cord is required to have adhesiveness to the cord, and various techniques have been proposed. However, the performance requirement is strict, and further improvement in ensuring the adhesiveness after deterioration is desired. ing.
- the present disclosure solves the above-mentioned problems, a natural rubber capable of imparting good adhesiveness after high-humidity heat deterioration, a rubber-steel cord composite using the natural rubber, and a tire using the rubber-steel cord composite.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the present disclosure relates to natural rubber having a calcium content of less than 100 ppm.
- the natural rubber has a calcium content of 100 ppm or less or a natural rubber having a potassium content of less than 350 ppm, good adhesiveness after high humidity and heat deterioration can be imparted.
- the first natural rubber of the present disclosure has a calcium content of less than 100 ppm, and the second natural rubber of the present disclosure has a potassium content of less than 350 ppm. This makes it possible to impart good adhesiveness after high-humidity heat deterioration.
- the calcium content of the first natural rubber of the present disclosure may be less than 100 ppm, but is preferably 90 ppm or less, more preferably 80 ppm or less, still more preferably 72 ppm or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ppm or more, more preferably 5 ppm or more, still more preferably 10 ppm or more, and particularly preferably 15 ppm or more. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the calcium content can be measured by conventional methods such as ICP emission spectrometry.
- the potassium content of the first disclosed natural rubber is preferably less than 350 ppm, more preferably 300 ppm or less, still more preferably 260 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 240 ppm or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 ppm or more, more preferably 50 ppm or more, still more preferably 70 ppm or more, and particularly preferably 80 ppm or more. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the potassium content can be measured by conventional methods such as ICP emission spectrometry.
- the potassium content of the second natural rubber of the present disclosure may be less than 350 ppm, but is preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 260 ppm or less, still more preferably 240 ppm or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 ppm or more, more preferably 50 ppm or more, still more preferably 70 ppm or more, and particularly preferably 80 ppm or more. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the amount of calcium is low.
- the calcium content of the second natural rubber of the present disclosure is preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably 90 ppm or less, still more preferably 80 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 72 ppm or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ppm or more, more preferably 5 ppm or more, still more preferably 10 ppm or more, and particularly preferably 15 ppm or more. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the preferable form described below can be applied to both “the first natural rubber of the present disclosure” and “the second natural rubber of the present disclosure”.
- the description of "the natural rubber” includes both “the first natural rubber of the present disclosure” and “the second natural rubber of the present disclosure”.
- the phosphorus content of the natural rubber is preferably 300 ppm or more, more preferably 320 ppm or more, still more preferably 340 ppm or more, and particularly preferably 350 ppm or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 1000 ppm or less, more preferably 900 ppm or less, still more preferably 850 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 820 ppm or less. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the phosphorus content can be measured by conventional methods such as ICP emission spectrometry.
- the adhesiveness after high-humidity heat deterioration is also affected by the amount of acetone extracted measured based on JIS K 6229: 2015 and the nitrogen content, and these are set to a specific amount or less. As a result, it was clarified that the adhesiveness after high-humidity heat deterioration was further improved.
- the amount of acetone extracted from the natural rubber measured based on JIS K 6229: 2015 is preferably 4.5% by mass or less, more preferably 3.8% by mass or less, and further preferably 3.0% by mass or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0% by mass or more, more preferably 1.4% by mass or more, and further preferably 1.6% by mass or more. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the nitrogen content of the natural rubber is preferably 0.80% by mass or less, more preferably 0.60% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.50% by mass or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.15% by mass or more, and further preferably 0.20% by mass or more. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the nitrogen content can be measured by a conventional method such as the Kjeldahl method or a trace nitrogen meter. Nitrogen is derived from proteins and amino acids.
- Natural rubber having calcium content, potassium content, phosphorus content, acetone extraction amount, and nitrogen content within the above ranges is, for example, a natural rubber coagulated by a coagulation step of coagulating a natural rubber latex and a natural rubber coagulated by a coagulation step.
- the natural rubber latex is coagulated.
- Natural rubber latex is collected as the sap of natural rubber trees such as Hevea, and contains water, proteins, lipids, inorganic salts, etc. in addition to rubber, and the gel content in rubber is based on the complex presence of various impurities. It is believed to be.
- the natural rubber latex is not particularly limited, and for example, raw latex (field latex) produced by tapping a hebea tree can be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is preferable that the natural rubber latex is not subjected to a high purification treatment such as a saponification treatment or an enzyme treatment.
- the method for coagulating the natural rubber latex is not particularly limited, and for example, natural coagulation that coagulates the natural rubber latex by leaving it unattended, acid coagulation that coagulates using an acid (preferably an acid having a pH of 3.0 or less), and Examples thereof include organic solvent coagulation in which coagulation is performed using an organic solvent. These may be performed alone or in combination of two or more. Further, if necessary, a polymer flocculant may be used. Above all, it is preferable that the coagulation step is a step of naturally coagulating the collected natural rubber latex or a step of acid coagulating using an acid having a pH of 3.0 or less.
- the acid (preferably an acid having a pH of 3.0 or less) is not particularly limited, and either an organic acid or an inorganic acid can be used.
- an organic acid formic acid, acetic acid and the like are preferable, and as the inorganic acid, for example, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid and the like are preferable.
- the inorganic acid for example, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid and the like are preferable. These acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the pH of the acid is preferably 3.0 or less, more preferably 2.0 or less, still more preferably 1.5 or less, and the lower limit is not particularly limited.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetone and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymer flocculant is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a cationic polymer flocculant such as a polymer of a quaternary salt of methyl chloride of dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, and an anionic high such as a polymer of acrylate.
- a cationic polymer flocculant such as a polymer of a quaternary salt of methyl chloride of dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate
- an anionic high such as a polymer of acrylate.
- examples thereof include a molecular flocculant, a nonionic polymer flocculant such as an acrylamide polymer, and an amphoteric polymer flocculant such as a copolymer of a quaternary salt chloride-acrylate of dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the polymer flo
- the coagulation step include a method of adding an acid to a natural rubber latex to adjust the pH, and further adding a polymer flocculant as needed.
- the water is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include tap water, ion-exchanged water (deionized water), distilled water, rainwater, wastewater, industrial water, reservoir water, river water, lake water, seawater and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, ion-exchanged water is preferable.
- the water preferably has a hardness (converted to the amount of calcium carbonate) of 180 mg / L or less and a total organic carbon (TOC) amount of 100 mg / L or less.
- Examples of water satisfying this condition include water obtained by treating Thai groundwater and pond water with activated carbon (factory purified water).
- the hardness of water is preferably 180 mg / L or less, more preferably 120 mg / L or less, and the TOC amount of water is preferably 100 mg / L or less, more preferably 15 mg / L or less. Since these are preferably lower, the lower limit is not particularly limited.
- water is a concept that includes not only water in which a solute is not dissolved but also an aqueous solution in which a solute is dissolved.
- the solute is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acids such as sulfuric acid; alkalis; metals such as sodium; and antibacterial agents, preservatives, and bactericidal agents.
- the content of the solute contained in water is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, further preferably 0.5% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and most preferably 0. It is 05% by mass or less, and may be 0% by mass. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the temperature during immersion is preferably 0 ° C. or higher, more preferably 10 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 15 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 25 ° C. or higher, preferably 40 ° C. or lower, more preferably 35 ° C. or lower, still more preferable. Is 30 ° C. or lower. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- stirring may be performed or may not be performed (flow rate 0 m / s).
- the flow velocity is 4 m / s or less because the dipping step allows the components affecting the adhesion to be more gently discharged from the solidified rubber while maintaining the characteristics of the natural rubber. It is preferably 3 m / s or less, more preferably 2 m / s or less. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the soaking time (time for performing the soaking step) is preferably 1 day or longer, more preferably 2 days or longer, further preferably 3 days or longer, particularly preferably 5 days or longer, most preferably 1 week or longer, and the upper limit is particularly high. Although not limited, it is preferably 6 months or less, more preferably 5 months or less, still more preferably 4 months or less, and particularly preferably 3 months or less. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- Examples of the mode of immersion include a method of immersing the natural rubber coagulated by the coagulation step in water as it is, a method of immersing the natural rubber coagulated by the coagulation step in a stirred state, and the like.
- the natural rubber soaked in the dipping step can be further subjected to each step of washing, dehydrating, and drying (particularly, dehydration and drying) as necessary to obtain the natural rubber (solid rubber) of the present invention. can.
- Examples of the cleaning step include a method of forming a sheet of natural rubber, crushing it, and repeating cleaning.
- the dehydration step the moisture content of the natural rubber (which may be washed if necessary) soaked by the dipping step is reduced.
- the dehydration method is not particularly limited as long as it can reduce the water content of the natural rubber, and examples thereof include a method of squeezing the natural rubber.
- the method of squeezing the natural rubber is preferable, and the method of squeezing the natural rubber is more preferable because the water contained in the natural rubber can be removed and the effect can be obtained more preferably.
- Examples of the method of squeezing the natural rubber include a method of passing the natural rubber through a roll and squeezing it.
- a creeper may be used as a device for squeezing natural rubber through a roll.
- the components affecting the adhesion are suitably and gently contained in the solidified rubber while maintaining the characteristics of the natural rubber before squeezing out the water content in the solidified rubber. It can be discharged from the water, and good adhesiveness after high humidity and heat deterioration can be imparted.
- the natural rubber soaked in the dipping step (which may be washed and dehydrated if necessary) is dried.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be carried out using a normal dryer such as a trolley type dryer, a vacuum dryer, an air dryer, or a drum dryer used for drying the TSR.
- the drying temperature and drying time are not particularly limited, and for example, drying may be performed at 70 to 135 ° C. for 1 to 14 hours.
- the rubber-steel cord composite of the present invention is a rubber-steel cord composite using the above-mentioned natural rubber, and specifically, contains the above-mentioned rubber composition for coating a cord containing the natural rubber and a steel cord. More specifically, it comprises a rubber composition for coating a cord containing the natural rubber and a steel cord.
- the natural rubber can impart good adhesiveness after high humidity and heat deterioration
- the rubber / steel cord composite using the natural rubber can be used for the cord and rubber even after being left in a high humidity environment for a long time. Strong adhesion between them is obtained.
- the rubber composition for coating the cord contains the above-mentioned natural rubber.
- the content of the natural rubber is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and further preferably 100% by mass in 100% by mass of the rubber component. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the total content of the natural rubber such as the above-mentioned natural rubber is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, still more preferably 100% by mass in 100% by mass of the rubber component. Is. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the rubber component in addition to natural rubber, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), isoprene rubber (IR) styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), chloroprene rubber (CR), butyl rubber, as long as the effect is not impaired.
- EMR epoxidized natural rubber
- IR isoprene rubber
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- BR butadiene rubber
- chloroprene rubber CR
- butyl rubber butyl rubber
- IIR butyl halide rubber
- SIBR styrene isoprene butadiene rubber
- other rubbers may be used in combination. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- carbon black it is preferable to add carbon black to the rubber composition for coating the cord. Thereby, the strength of the rubber and the like can be improved.
- carbon black include N134, N110, N220, N234, N219, N339, N330, N326, N351, N550 and N762. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N 2 SA) of carbon black is preferably 50 m 2 / g or more, and more preferably 65 m 2 / g or more. When the content is 50 m 2 / g or more, the adhesiveness between the rubber composition and the tire cord tends to be improved.
- the carbon black N 2 SA is preferably 150 m 2 / g or less, more preferably 130 m 2 / g or less. By setting the temperature to 150 m 2 / g or less, good low heat generation tends to be obtained, and good adhesiveness after high humidity heat deterioration tends to be obtained.
- the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of carbon black is determined by JIS K6217-2: 2001.
- As carbon black for example, products of Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd., Cabot Japan Co., Ltd., Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Lion Corporation, Shin Nikka Carbon Co., Ltd., Columbia Carbon Co., Ltd., etc. Can be used.
- the content of carbon black is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 40 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. By using 5 parts by mass or more, the adhesiveness between the rubber composition and the tire cord tends to be improved.
- the content of the carbon black is preferably 80 parts by mass or less, more preferably 65 parts by mass or less. When the amount is 80 parts by mass or less, good low heat generation property is obtained, and good adhesiveness after high humidity heat deterioration tends to be obtained.
- the cord coating rubber composition preferably contains sulfur as a vulcanizing agent.
- sulfur include powdered sulfur, precipitated sulfur, colloidal sulfur, insoluble sulfur, highly dispersible sulfur, and soluble sulfur commonly used in the rubber industry. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- sulfur for example, products such as Tsurumi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Karuizawa Sulfur Co., Ltd., Shikoku Chemicals Corporation, Flexis Co., Ltd., Nippon Inui Kogyo Co., Ltd., Hosoi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the sulfur content is preferably 2.5 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 2.8 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. When the amount is 2.5 parts by mass or more, sufficient sulfur is supplied to the adhesive layer with the tire cord, and good adhesiveness tends to be obtained.
- the content is preferably 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 8 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 6 parts by mass or less. By setting the content to 10 parts by mass or less, rubber properties such as breaking stress and elongation at breaking tend to be sufficiently obtained.
- the rubber composition for coating the cord contains a vulcanization accelerator.
- the vulcanization accelerator include sulfenamide-based, thiazole-based, thiuram-based, thiourea-based, guanidine-based, dithiocarbamic acid-based, aldehyde-amine-based, aldehyde-ammonia-based, imidazoline-based, and xantate-based vulcanization accelerator. Will be. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, a sulfenamide-based vulcanization accelerator is preferable because it has excellent cross-linking reactivity.
- Examples of the sulfenamide-based sulfide accelerating agent include CBS (N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiadylsulfenamide), TBBS (Nt-butyl-2-benzothiadylsulfenamide), and N, N-dicyclohexyl.
- Examples thereof include sulfenamide compounds such as -2-benzothiadylsulfenamide, N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiadylsulfenamide and N, N-diisopropyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide.
- vulcanization accelerator for example, products manufactured by Kawaguchi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Ouchi Shinko Chemical Co., Ltd., Line Chemie Co., Ltd., etc. can be used.
- the content of the vulcanization accelerator is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.7 parts by mass or more, and preferably 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Is 5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 2 parts by mass or less. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the rubber composition for coating the cord may contain silica.
- the silica is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dry method silica (anhydrous silicic acid) and wet method silica (hydrous silicic acid). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, wet silica is preferable because it has a large number of silanol groups.
- silica for example, products such as Degussa, Rhodia, Tosoh Silica Co., Ltd., Solvay Japan Co., Ltd., Tokuyama Corporation can be used.
- the N 2 SA of silica is preferably 50 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 150 m 2 / g or more.
- the N 2 SA is preferably 300 m 2 / g or less, more preferably 200 m 2 / g or less.
- the N 2 SA of silica can be measured according to ASTM D3037-81.
- the content of silica with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 3 parts by mass or more, more preferably 5 parts by mass or more, preferably 30 parts by mass or less, more preferably 20 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 10 parts by mass. It is as follows.
- the cord coating rubber composition preferably contains a silane coupling agent together with silica.
- the silane coupling agent is not particularly limited, and for example, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (2-triethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, bis (4-triethoxysilylbutyl) tetrasulfide, and the like.
- Vinyl-based such as methoxysilane, amino-based such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, glycidoxy such as ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane and ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
- nitro-based systems such as 3-nitropropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-nitropropyltriethoxysilane
- chloro-based systems such as 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane.
- silane coupling agent for example, products such as Degussa, Momentive, Shinetsu Silicone Co., Ltd., Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Azumax Co., Ltd., Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the content of the silane coupling agent is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more, more preferably 2 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 3 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of silica.
- the content is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 16 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 12 parts by mass or less.
- the above-mentioned rubber composition for coating a cord may contain a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include oil, a liquid polymer (liquid diene polymer), and a liquid resin.
- One type of these plasticizers may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- plasticizers at least one selected from the group consisting of oil, liquid polymer, and liquid resin is preferable, oil and / or liquid polymer (liquid diene polymer) is more preferable, and oil is further preferable. preferable.
- the polycyclic aromatic content (PCA) is preferably less than 3% by mass, more preferably less than 1% by mass.
- the polycyclic aromatic content (PCA) is measured according to the British Petroleum Society 346/92 method.
- oils are not particularly limited, and are paraffin-based process oils, aroma-based process oils, naphthen-based process oils and other process oils, low PCA (polycyclic aromatic) process oils such as TDAE and MES, vegetable oils and fats, and oils and fats. Conventionally known oils such as these mixtures can be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, paraffin-based process oil is preferable.
- oils examples include Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., Sankyo Yuka Kogyo Co., Ltd., Japan Energy Co., Ltd., Orisoi Co., Ltd., H & R Co., Ltd., Toyokuni Seiyu Co., Ltd., Showa Shell Sekiyu Co., Ltd., and Fuji Kosan Co., Ltd. And other products can be used.
- the liquid polymer is a diene polymer in a liquid state at room temperature (25 ° C.).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the liquid diene polymer in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 or more, preferably 3.0 ⁇ 10 3 or more. It is more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 105 or less, and more preferably 1.5 ⁇ 104 or less.
- Mw of the liquid diene polymer is a polystyrene-equivalent value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- liquid diene polymer examples include a liquid styrene-butadiene polymer (liquid SBR), a liquid butadiene polymer (liquid BR), a liquid isoprene polymer (liquid IR), and a liquid styrene isoprene copolymer (liquid SIR). Be done. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- liquid SBR liquid styrene-butadiene polymer
- liquid BR liquid butadiene polymer
- liquid IR liquid isoprene polymer
- liquid SIR liquid styrene isoprene copolymer
- liquid diene polymer for example, products such as Sartmer Co., Ltd. and Kuraray Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the liquid resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a liquid aromatic vinyl polymer, a kumaron indene resin, an indene resin, a terpene resin, a rosin resin, and hydrogenated products thereof. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- liquid resin examples include Maruzen Petroleum Chemical Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., Yasuhara Chemical Co., Ltd., Toso Co., Ltd., Rutgers Chemicals Co., Ltd., BASF Co., Ltd., Arizona Chemical Co., Ltd., Nikko Chemical Co., Ltd., ( Products such as Nippon Catalyst Co., Ltd., JXTG Energy Co., Ltd., Arakawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and Taoka Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the content of the plasticizer (preferably oil) is preferably 1 part by mass or more, and more preferably 2 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
- the content is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, more preferably 30 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 20 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 10 parts by mass or less. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the content of the plasticizer also includes the amount of oil contained in the rubber (oil-extended rubber).
- the rubber composition for coating the cord may contain a solid resin.
- the resin is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a solid alkylphenol resin, a styrene resin, a Kumaron inden resin, a terpene resin, a rosin resin, an acrylic resin, a dicyclopentadiene resin (DCPD resin), or the like. Can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- solid resins examples include Maruzen Petroleum Chemical Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., Yasuhara Chemical Co., Ltd., Toso Co., Ltd., Rutgers Chemicals Co., Ltd., BASF Co., Ltd., Arizona Chemical Co., Ltd., Nikko Chemical Co., Ltd., Co., Ltd. ) Products such as Nippon Catalyst, JX Energy Co., Ltd., Arakawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Taoka Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the content of the solid resin is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 5 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
- the content is preferably 80 parts by mass or less, more preferably 50 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 20 parts by mass or less.
- the rubber composition for coating the cord preferably contains cobalt organic acid.
- organic acid cobalt include cobalt stearate, cobalt boron neodecanoate, cobalt naphthenate, and cobalt neodecanoate, and cobalt stearate is preferable.
- the content of the organic acid cobalt is preferably 0.01 part by mass or more, more preferably 0.05 part by mass or more, still more preferably 0.08 part by mass in terms of cobalt with respect to 100 parts by weight of the rubber component.
- the above is preferably 0.50 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 0.20 parts by mass or less.
- the above-mentioned rubber composition for coating a cord may contain zinc oxide.
- Conventionally known zinc oxide can be used.
- products of Mitsui Metal Mining Co., Ltd., Toho Zinc Co., Ltd., HakusuiTech Co., Ltd., Shodo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., etc. Can be used.
- the content of zinc oxide is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 1 part by mass or more, still more preferably 5 parts by mass or more, and preferably 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
- it is more preferably 10 parts by mass or less. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the rubber composition for coating the cord may contain an antiaging agent.
- the antiaging agent include naphthylamine-based antiaging agents such as phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine; diphenylamine-based antiaging agents such as octylated diphenylamine and 4,4'-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine; N. -Isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine, etc.
- P-Phenylenediamine-based antioxidants P-Phenylenediamine-based antioxidants; quinoline-based antioxidants such as polymers of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin; 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, Monophenolic antioxidants such as styrenated phenol; Tetrax- [methylene-3- (3', 5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] Bis, tris, polyphenolic aging such as methane Examples include preventive agents. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, p-phenylenediamine-based antiaging agents and quinoline-based antiaging agents are preferable, and p-phenylenediamine-based antiaging agents are more preferable.
- anti-aging agent for example, products of Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Flexis Co., Ltd. and the like can be used.
- the content of the anti-aging agent is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 1 part by mass or more, and preferably 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. It is less than a part. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- an additive generally used in the tire industry can be added to the cord coating rubber composition, and a sulfide other than sulfur (for example, an organic cross-linking agent or an organic peroxide) can be added.
- a sulfide other than sulfur for example, an organic cross-linking agent or an organic peroxide
- Things wax, calcium carbonate, mica such as sericite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, clay, talc, alumina, titanium oxide and the like can be exemplified.
- the content of each of these components is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, and preferably 200 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
- the cord coating rubber composition can be produced, for example, by kneading each component using a rubber kneading device such as an open roll or a Banbury mixer, and then vulcanizing.
- a rubber kneading device such as an open roll or a Banbury mixer
- the kneading temperature is usually 100 to 180 ° C., preferably 120 to 170 ° C.
- the kneading temperature is usually 120 ° C. or lower, preferably 80 to 110 ° C.
- the composition in which the vulcanizing agent and the vulcanization accelerator are kneaded is usually subjected to a vulcanization treatment such as press vulcanization.
- the vulcanization temperature is usually 140 to 190 ° C, preferably 150 to 185 ° C.
- the rubber composition for coating a cord is used as a rubber composition for coating a steel cord.
- the steel cord constituting the rubber-steel cord composite is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a single-strand steel cord having a 1 ⁇ n configuration, a layer-strand steel cord having a k + m configuration, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, it may be plated containing copper.
- the single-twisted steel cord having a 1 ⁇ n configuration is a one-layer twisted steel cord obtained by twisting n filaments.
- the layered steel cord having a k + m structure is a steel cord having a two-layer structure having different twisting directions and twisting pitches, having k filaments in the inner layer and m filaments in the outer layer.
- n is an integer of 1 to 27
- k is an integer of 1 to 10
- m is an integer of 1 to 3.
- the plating containing copper those plated with brass are preferable from the viewpoint of adhesiveness to the rubber composition.
- the rubber-steel cord composite is obtained by coating a steel cord with the above-mentioned rubber composition for coating a cord.
- the rubber-steel cord composite can be suitably used for a tire member (for example, a belt, a breaker, a carcass) obtained by covering the cord with rubber.
- the plated surface was in a rubber-attached state on the cord surface on the peeling surface.
- the exposure is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 6 or less, and even more preferably 0. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the rubber-steel cord composite has a peeling drag of preferably 100 N / 25 mm or more, more preferably 100 N / 25 mm or more, when peeled from one end side at a speed of 50 mm / min along the rubber / cord interface using a peeling tester. It is 105 N / 25 mm or more, more preferably 110 N / 25 mm or more, particularly preferably 120 N / 25 mm or more, and the upper limit is not particularly limited. Within the above range, the effect tends to be better obtained.
- the rubber adhesion state and the peeling drag can be achieved by using the cord coating rubber composition containing the natural rubber obtained by the above-mentioned production method.
- the tire of the present invention (pneumatic tire, solid tire, airless tire, etc.) is a tire using the rubber cord composite, and can be manufactured, for example, by the following steps. First, the steel cord is coated with the rubber composition for coating the cord, and then molded into the shape of a member such as a belt. Next, an unvulcanized tire is prepared by laminating the molded member with another tire member. Then, the tire can be obtained by vulcanizing the unvulcanized tire.
- the above tires are passenger car tires, large passenger car tires, large SUV tires, truck / bus tires, two-wheeled vehicle tires, competition tires, studless tires (winter tires), all-season tires, run-flat tires, and aircraft tires. , Suitable for mining tires and the like.
- Latex raw material A Field latex obtained from the farm
- Latex raw material B Field latex obtained from the farm
- Sulfate Sulfate ion exchanged water manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .: Water passed through an ion exchange resin (hardness: Not detected, TOC: 0.6 mg / L)
- Factory purified water Thai groundwater and pond water treated with activated carbon (hardness: 115 mg / L, TOC: 9 mg / L)
- Examples and comparative examples> According to Table 1, a coagulating acid was added to the field latex (natural rubber latex) and the natural rubber latex was coagulated by coagulation or natural coagulation to obtain a coagulated rubber (coagulation step).
- the obtained solidified rubber was immersed in the water tank containing the water shown in Table 1 (temperature 25 ° C., flow velocity 0 m / s) for the storage period shown in Table 1. Stored (immersion step).
- Example 1 after immersing in ion-exchanged water for 1 day, it was immersed in factory purified water for 2 weeks.
- Comparative Examples 4 and 5 the obtained solidified rubber was stored as it was for the storage period shown in Table 1.
- the coagulated rubber stored for the storage period shown in Table 1 was dehydrated with a creeper (a device that squeezes using a roll), crumbed through a shredder, and dried in a dryer (70 ° C., 14 hours). Manufactured natural rubber.
- NR Natural rubber produced in the above Examples and Comparative Examples, or commercial products A to C Carbon black: N326 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation ( N2 SA: 78m 2 / g) Cobalt stearate: cost-F manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd. (cobalt content: 9.5% by mass, stearic acid content: 90.5% by mass) Zinc oxide: Zinc oxide No.
- the present disclosure (1) is a natural rubber having a calcium content of less than 100 ppm.
- the present disclosure (2) is a natural rubber having a potassium content of less than 350 ppm.
- the present disclosure (3) is the natural rubber according to the present disclosure (1) or (2) having a phosphorus content of 300 ppm or more.
- the present disclosure (4) is a natural rubber in any combination with any of the present disclosures (1) to (3) in which the amount of acetone extracted measured based on JIS K 6229: 2015 is 4.5% by mass or less.
- the present disclosure (5) is a natural rubber in any combination with any of the present disclosures (1) to (4) having a nitrogen content of 0.50% by mass or less.
- the present disclosure (6) is a rubber-steel cord composite using any combination of natural rubber with any of the present disclosures (1) to (5).
- the present disclosure uses a peeling tester, and the peeling drag when peeled from one end side along the rubber / cord interface at a speed of 50 mm / min is 100 N / 25 mm or more. 7) The rubber-steel cord composite described.
- the present disclosure (9) is a tire using a rubber-steel cord composite of any combination with any of the present disclosures (6) to (8).
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Abstract
Description
第一の本開示の天然ゴムは、カルシウム含有量が100ppm未満であり、第二の本開示の天然ゴムは、カリウム含有量が350ppm未満である。これにより、良好な高湿熱劣化後の接着性を付与できる。
通常、天然ゴム中には微量の金属成分が存在するが、酸化しやすい金属成分が存在すると、ゴムの酸化劣化が生じ、接着性が低下すると考えられる。これに対し、上記天然ゴムでは、金属成分のなかでも、イオン化傾向が大きく、酸化しやすいカルシウムやカリウムが少ないことで、良好な高湿熱劣化後の接着性を付与できる。
なお、後述の比較例1~3で示されているように、市販されている天然ゴムは、カルシウム含有量が100ppm以上、カリウム含有量が350ppm以上である。
カルシウム含有量は、ICP発光分析等、従来の方法で測定できる。
カリウム含有量は、ICP発光分析等、従来の方法で測定できる。
リン含有量は、ICP発光分析等、従来の方法で測定できる。
窒素含有量は、ケルダール法、微量窒素量計等、従来の方法で測定できる。窒素は、タンパク質やアミノ酸に由来するものである。
凝固工程では、天然ゴムラテックスを凝固させる。
天然ゴムラテックスはヘベア樹などの天然ゴムの樹木の樹液として採取され、ゴム分のほか水、タンパク質、脂質、無機塩類などを含み、ゴム中のゲル分は種々の不純物の複合的な存在に基づくものと考えられている。
上記天然ゴムラテックスとしては、特に限定されず、例えば、ヘベア樹をタッピングして出てくる生ラテックス(フィールドラテックス)等を使用できる。これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。天然ゴムラテックスは、けん化処理、酵素処理等の高純度化処理が施されていないことが好ましい。
酸のpHは、好ましくは3.0以下、より好ましくは2.0以下、更に好ましくは1.5以下であり、下限は特に限定されない。
浸漬工程では、凝固工程により凝固させた天然ゴムを水に浸漬する。
水の硬度は、好ましくは180mg/L以下、より好ましくは120mg/L以下であり、水のTOC量は、好ましくは100mg/L以下、より好ましくは15mg/L以下である。これらは、低い方が好ましいため、下限は特に限定されない。
溶質としては、特に限定されず、硫酸などの酸;アルカリ;ナトリウムなどの金属;の他、抗菌剤、防腐剤、殺菌剤等が挙げられる。
水に含まれる溶質の含有量は、好ましくは10質量%以下、より好ましくは5質量%以下、更に好ましくは0.5質量%以下、特に好ましくは0.1質量%以下、最も好ましくは0.05質量%以下であり、0質量%であってもよい。上記範囲内であると、効果がより良好に得られる傾向がある。
撹拌を行う場合は、浸漬工程により、天然ゴムの特性を維持したまま、接着に影響する成分をより穏やかに凝固ゴム中から排出することができるという理由から、流速は、4m/s以下であり、好ましくは3m/s以下、より好ましくは2m/s以下である。上記範囲内であると、効果がより良好に得られる傾向がある。
乾燥方法は特に限定されず、例えば、TSRを乾燥させるために使用されるトロリー式ドライヤー、真空乾燥機、エアドライヤー、ドラムドライヤー等の通常の乾燥機を用いて実施できる。
乾燥温度、乾燥時間は特に限定されず、例えば、70~135℃で1~14時間乾燥すればよい。
本発明のゴム・スチールコード複合体は、上記天然ゴムを用いたゴム・スチールコード複合体であり、具体的には、上記天然ゴムを含むコード被覆用ゴム組成物と、スチールコードとを含み、より具体的には、上記天然ゴムを含むコード被覆用ゴム組成物と、スチールコードとからなる。
コード被覆用ゴム組成物は、上記天然ゴムを含む。
なお、カーボンブラックの窒素吸着比表面積は、JIS K6217-2:2001によって求められる。
硫黄としては、ゴム工業において一般的に用いられる粉末硫黄、沈降硫黄、コロイド硫黄、不溶性硫黄、高分散性硫黄、可溶性硫黄などが挙げられる。これらは、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
シリカとしては特に限定されず、例えば、乾式法シリカ(無水ケイ酸)、湿式法シリカ(含水ケイ酸)などが挙げられる。これらは、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。なかでも、シラノール基が多いという理由から、湿式法シリカが好ましい。
なお、シリカのN2SAは、ASTM D3037-81に準拠して測定できる。
シランカップリング剤としては、特に限定されず、例えば、ビス(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(2-トリエトキシシリルエチル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(4-トリエトキシシリルブチル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(3-トリメトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(2-トリメトキシシリルエチル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(2-トリエトキシシリルエチル)トリスルフィド、ビス(4-トリメトキシシリルブチル)トリスルフィド、ビス(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)ジスルフィド、ビス(2-トリエトキシシリルエチル)ジスルフィド、ビス(4-トリエトキシシリルブチル)ジスルフィド、ビス(3-トリメトキシシリルプロピル)ジスルフィド、ビス(2-トリメトキシシリルエチル)ジスルフィド、ビス(4-トリメトキシシリルブチル)ジスルフィド、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピル-N,N-ジメチルチオカルバモイルテトラスルフィド、2-トリエトキシシリルエチル-N,N-ジメチルチオカルバモイルテトラスルフィド、3-トリエトキシシリルプロピルメタクリレートモノスルフィド、などのスルフィド系、3-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、2-メルカプトエチルトリエトキシシラン、Momentive社製のNXT、NXT-Zなどのメルカプト系、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシランなどのビニル系、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランなどのアミノ系、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、などのグリシドキシ系、3-ニトロプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-ニトロプロピルトリエトキシシランなどのニトロ系、3-クロロプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-クロロプロピルトリエトキシシランなどのクロロ系などがあげられる。これらは、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
液状ジエン系重合体は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)で測定したポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)が、1.0×103以上であることが好ましく、3.0×103以上であることがより好ましく、2.0×105以下であることが好ましく、1.5×104以下であることがより好ましい。
なお、本明細書において、液状ジエン系重合体のMwは、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)で測定したポリスチレン換算値である。
なお、可塑剤の含有量には、ゴム(油展ゴム)に含まれるオイルの量も含まれる。
樹脂としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、固体状のアルキルフェノール系樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、クマロンインデン樹脂、テルペン系樹脂、ロジン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ジシクロペンタジエン系樹脂(DCPD系樹脂)等が挙げられる。これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
有機酸コバルトとしては、例えば、ステアリン酸コバルト、ホウ素ネオデカン酸コバルト、ナフテン酸コバルト、ネオデカン酸コバルトなどが挙げられ、ステアリン酸コバルトが好ましい。
酸化亜鉛としては、従来公知のものを使用でき、例えば、三井金属鉱業(株)、東邦亜鉛(株)、ハクスイテック(株)、正同化学工業(株)、堺化学工業(株)等の製品を使用できる。
老化防止剤としては、例えば、フェニル-α-ナフチルアミン等のナフチルアミン系老化防止剤;オクチル化ジフェニルアミン、4,4′-ビス(α,α′-ジメチルベンジル)ジフェニルアミン等のジフェニルアミン系老化防止剤;N-イソプロピル-N′-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、N-(1,3-ジメチルブチル)-N′-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、N,N′-ジ-2-ナフチル-p-フェニレンジアミン等のp-フェニレンジアミン系老化防止剤;2,2,4-トリメチル-1,2-ジヒドロキノリンの重合物等のキノリン系老化防止剤;2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、スチレン化フェノール等のモノフェノール系老化防止剤;テトラキス-[メチレン-3-(3′,5′-ジ-t-ブチル-4′-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]メタン等のビス、トリス、ポリフェノール系老化防止剤などが挙げられる。これらは単独で用いてもよいし、2種類以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。なかでも、p-フェニレンジアミン系老化防止剤、キノリン系老化防止剤が好ましく、p-フェニレンジアミン系老化防止剤がより好ましい。
ゴム・スチールコード複合体を構成するスチールコードとしては、特に限定されないが、1×n構成の単撚りスチールコード、k+m構成の層撚りスチールコード等が挙げられる。これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、銅を含むメッキを施されていてもよい。
ここで、1×n構成の単撚りスチールコードとは、n本のフィラメントを撚りあわせて得られる1層の撚りスチールコードである。また、k+m構成の層撚りスチールコードとは、撚り方向、撚りピッチの異なる2層構造を持ち、内層にk本のフィラメント、外層にm本のフィラメントを有するスチールコードである。nは1~27の整数、kは1~10の整数、mは1~3の整数である。銅を含むメッキとしては、ゴム組成物に対する接着性の観点から、黄銅(真鍮)でメッキしたものが好適である。
本発明のタイヤ(空気入りタイヤ、ソリッドタイヤ、エアレスタイヤ等)は、上記ゴム・コード複合体を用いたタイヤであり、例えば、以下の工程により製造できる。
先ず、スチールコードを前記コード被覆用ゴム組成物で被覆した後、ベルト等の部材の形状に成形する。次に、成形した部材を他のタイヤ部材と貼りあわせることにより、未加硫タイヤを調製する。その後、未加硫タイヤを加硫することにより、タイヤを得ることができる。
ラテックス原料A:農園から入手したフィールドラテックス
ラテックス原料B:農園から入手したフィールドラテックス
硫酸:富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製の硫酸
イオン交換水:イオン交換樹脂に通した水(硬度:Not detected、TOC:0.6mg/L)
工場浄化水:タイの地下水や池の水を活性炭等で処理した水(硬度:115mg/L、TOC:9mg/L)
表1に従い、フィールドラテックス(天然ゴムラテックス)に対して、凝固酸を添加して凝固又は自然凝固にて、天然ゴムラテックスを凝固させ、凝固ゴムを得た(凝固工程)。
一方、比較例4、5では、得られた凝固ゴムをそのままの状態で、表1に示す保管期間に渡って保管した。
得られた各天然ゴムと、比較例1~3に使用する下記市販品A~Cとについて、下記の分析を行い、結果を表1に示した。
市販品A:インドネシア製天然ゴム
市販品B:タイ東部製天然ゴム
市販品C:タイ南部製天然ゴム
<アセトン抽出量>
JIS K 6229:2015に基づき、各天然ゴムのアセトンにより抽出された抽出物の質量分率を測定した。
<窒素含有量の測定>
窒素含有量は、微量窒素炭素測定装置「SUMIGRAPH NC95A((株)住化分析センター製)」を用いて、各試験片を分解、ガス化し、そのガスをガスクロマトグラフ「GC-8A((株)島津製作所製)」で分析して窒素含有量を定量した。
<カルシウム含有量、カリウム含有量及びリン含有量の測定>
ICP発光分析装置(Optima 8300 PerkinElmer製)を使用して、カルシウム(Ca)含有量、カリウム(K)含有量及びリン含有量を求めた。
NR:上記実施例、比較例で作製した天然ゴム、又は市販品A~C
カーボンブラック:三菱化学(株)製のN326(N2SA:78m2/g)
ステアリン酸コバルト:大日本インキ化学工業(株)製のcost-F(コバルト含有量:9.5質量%、ステアリン酸含有量:90.5質量%)
酸化亜鉛:三井金属鉱業(株)製の亜鉛華1号
老化防止剤:大内新興化学工業(株)製のノクラック6C(N-(1,3-ジメチルブチル)-N′-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン)
オイル:JOMO(株)製のプロセスP200(パラフィン系プロセスオイル)
硫黄:日本乾溜工業(株)製のセイミサルファー(オイル10%含有)
加硫促進剤:大内新興化学工業(株)製のノクセラーDZ(N,N-ジシクロヘキシル-2-ベンゾチアゾリルスルフェンアミド、DCBS)
1.7Lバンバリーミキサーを用いて、NR100質量部、カーボンブラック65質量部、ステアリン酸コバルト1.5質量部、酸化亜鉛8質量部、老化防止剤2質量部、オイル2質量部を150℃で7分間混練りし、混練り物を得た。次に、オープンロールを用いて、混練り物、硫黄5.62質量部及び加硫促進剤1質量部を100℃で2分間混練りし、シート状の未加硫ゴム組成物を得た。
スチールコードの配列体の両面を未加硫のゴムシートで挟み込んでベルトプライ形成用の未加硫のゴム・コード複合体を作製した。この未加硫のゴム・コード複合体に対し、加硫温度(150℃で一定)かつ加硫時間を調整することにより、剥離試験用のサンプルを形成した。そして、各サンプルに対して剥離試験を行い、ゴムとスチールコードとの接着性(湿熱接着性)をテストした。
<ゴム・コード複合体>
スチールコードの構成:2+2×0.23HT
プライの厚さ :1.5mm
コード打ち込み本数:38本/5cm
<剥離試験>
湿熱接着性を評価するため、加硫後のサンプルを常温・常湿で自然冷却させた後、温度80℃、相対湿度95%のオーブン内で300時間放置して湿熱劣化させた。
剥離試験は剥離試験機を用い、サンプルの一端側から、ゴム/コードの界面に沿って、50mm/minの速度で剥離した。そして剥離面におけるコード表面のゴム付着状態を観察した。剥離評点を下記のように規定した。
更に、上記条件で剥離した際の剥離抗力(N/25mm)を測定した。
結果を表1に示した。剥離評点、剥離抗力が大きいほど、高湿熱劣化後の接着性に優れることを示す。
5点:めっき面全体が完全にゴムに覆われている
4点:めっき面が3~6カ所露出している
3点:めっき面が7~20カ所露出している
2点:めっき面が21カ所露出しているが、全体として60%以上がゴムで覆われている
1点:ゴムで覆われた部分が40%未満である
Claims (9)
- カルシウム含有量が100ppm未満である天然ゴム。
- カリウム含有量が350ppm未満である天然ゴム。
- リン含有量が300ppm以上である請求項1又は2記載の天然ゴム。
- JIS K 6229:2015に基づき測定したアセトン抽出量が4.5質量%以下である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の天然ゴム。
- 窒素含有量が0.50質量%以下である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の天然ゴム。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の天然ゴムを用いたゴム・スチールコード複合体。
- 剥離試験機を用い、一端側から、ゴム/コードの界面に沿って50mm/minの速度で剥離したとき、剥離面におけるコード表面のゴム付着状態において、めっき面が20カ所以下の露出である請求項6記載のゴム・スチールコード複合体。
- 剥離試験機を用い、一端側から、ゴム/コードの界面に沿って50mm/minの速度で剥離したときの剥離抗力が100N/25mm以上である請求項6又は7記載のゴム・スチールコード複合体。
- 請求項6~8のいずれかに記載のゴム・スチールコード複合体を用いたタイヤ。
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WO2011155561A1 (ja) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-15 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 改質天然ゴム、その製造方法、ゴム組成物及び空気入りタイヤ |
JP2015124364A (ja) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-06 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤ |
JP2015124309A (ja) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-06 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤ |
JP2015199867A (ja) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-11-12 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤ |
JP2015199863A (ja) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-11-12 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤ |
JP2018178027A (ja) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-11-15 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 複合体及び空気入りタイヤ |
JP2020193311A (ja) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-12-03 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 天然ゴム、ゴム・スチールコード複合体及びタイヤ |
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WO2011155561A1 (ja) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-15 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 改質天然ゴム、その製造方法、ゴム組成物及び空気入りタイヤ |
JP2015124309A (ja) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-06 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤ |
JP2015124364A (ja) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-06 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤ |
JP2015199867A (ja) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-11-12 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤ |
JP2015199863A (ja) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-11-12 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤ |
JP2018178027A (ja) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-11-15 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 複合体及び空気入りタイヤ |
JP2020193311A (ja) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-12-03 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 天然ゴム、ゴム・スチールコード複合体及びタイヤ |
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