WO2022110608A1 - 一种直流大功率供电软启动电路及方法 - Google Patents

一种直流大功率供电软启动电路及方法 Download PDF

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WO2022110608A1
WO2022110608A1 PCT/CN2021/085759 CN2021085759W WO2022110608A1 WO 2022110608 A1 WO2022110608 A1 WO 2022110608A1 CN 2021085759 W CN2021085759 W CN 2021085759W WO 2022110608 A1 WO2022110608 A1 WO 2022110608A1
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circuit
voltage
power
power supply
isolated
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PCT/CN2021/085759
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French (fr)
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何呈
李晓曼
马林
毕雪洁
王彪
罗成名
聂星阳
吴游
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江苏科技大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • the invention relates to a soft-start circuit, in particular to a soft-start circuit and method for a DC high-power power supply.
  • the present invention proposes a DC high-power power supply soft-start circuit and method with quantitatively settable power-on parameters, good compatibility and strong load capacity.
  • the technical solution adopted in the present invention is a DC high-power power supply soft-start circuit, which includes an isolated DC-DC circuit, a constant current circuit, a full judgment module and a switch locking circuit; when powered on, the isolated DC-DC The circuit generates an isolated DC voltage, and the isolated DC voltage is input to the constant current circuit to charge the back end with constant current; the full-charge judgment circuit is used to identify whether the output voltage of the constant-current circuit is full, and when fully charged, the The switch locking circuit locks the output voltage to realize the connection between the front-end input power supply and the rear-stage power supply.
  • the constant current circuit includes a first resistor R1, a first MOS transistor Q1 and a current limiting circuit, and the output voltage of the isolated DC-DC circuit is divided by the first resistor R1 and the current limiting circuit to obtain a control voltage.
  • the switch locking circuit includes a controllable precision voltage regulator source U1, a sixth resistor R6 and a ninth resistor R9, and the control voltage Vg is connected to the controllable precision voltage regulator source U1 after being divided in series by the sixth resistor R6 and the ninth resistor R9. control side, when When , the cathode pin of the controllable precision voltage regulator source U1 is pulled low.
  • the full-charge judgment module judges whether it is fully charged by judging the driving voltage V g .
  • the driving voltage V g is greater than twice the turn-on voltage of the power tube, it is considered to be fully charged.
  • the present invention provides a soft-start method applied to the above-mentioned DC high-power power supply soft-start circuit, comprising the following steps:
  • the isolated DC-DC circuit generates an isolated output voltage V c ;
  • the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The method uses the power tube protection circuit to realize the constant current charging of the back-end circuit. On the one hand, the charging parameters can be adjusted, and on the other hand, it can effectively Protect the power tube to prevent damage caused by excessive current under high voltage; (2) this method has a switch locking function, which can meet the needs of high-current work at the back end; (3) after the circuit is fully charged at the back end (power tube Q 2 two When the terminal voltages are equal), the switch lock function is turned on, and there will be no transient high current impact at the moment of switching.
  • Fig. 1 is the principle block diagram of the DC high-power power supply soft-start circuit according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the soft-start voltage curve of the DC high-power power supply soft-start circuit according to the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the constant current circuit of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is the switch locking circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an isolated DC-DC connection circuit according to the present invention.
  • the DC high-power power supply soft-start circuit of the present invention includes an isolated DC-DC circuit, a constant current circuit, a full judgment module and a switch locking circuit.
  • the isolated DC-DC circuit When powered on, the isolated DC-DC circuit generates an isolated DC voltage, which controls the constant-current circuit to charge the back end with constant current; the full-charge judgment module identifies whether it is full or not.
  • the switch lock module When fully charged, the switch lock module is turned on, and the input power supply and The power supply of the rear stage is directly connected. So far, the soft-start power-on function is completed.
  • the change diagram of the power-on voltage V is shown. Power on at time t 0 , at this time the constant current module starts charging the back end, because it is constant current charging, the load is equivalent to capacitive, and the output voltage V changes linearly with time; at time t 1 , the voltage is fully charged, at this time The output voltage V no longer changes with time; at time t2 , the full judgment module detects that the capacitor inside the power amplifier is full (in order to output transient high power, the power amplifier will have a large capacity capacitor inside), and controls to open the high-power MOS switch Lock output.
  • the fourth resistor R4 is a current sampling resistor
  • FIG. 4 is the switch locking circuit of the present invention, wherein the sixth resistor R6, the ninth resistor R9 and the controllable precision voltage regulator U1 constitute a full identification module.
  • the transistor Q 3 and the fourth MOS transistor Q 4 form a switch module.
  • the controllable precision voltage regulator source U1 adopts TL431.
  • Figure 5 shows the isolated DC-DC connection circuit of the present invention.
  • the soft power-on process is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the output voltage V c of the isolated DC-DC circuit is greater than three times the turn-on voltage of the first MOS transistor Q1, and is less than the limit value of the MOS transistor Vgs.
  • the second power tube Q 2 , the diode D 1 , the second resistor R 2 , the third resistor R 3 and the fourth resistor R 4 together constitute the current limiting protection for the first power tube Q 1 , and also play a role in the back-end power supply. The role of constant current charging.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种直流大功率供电软启动电路和方法，包含隔离DC-DC电路、恒流充电电路、充满判决模块和开关锁定电路。上电时，由DC-DC生成隔离直流电压，该电压控制恒流电路对后端进行恒流充电；由充满判决模块识别是否充满，当充满电时，打开开关锁定模块，输入电源与后级供电直接连接。至此，完成软起动上电功能。与现有技术相比，该方法使用功率管保护电路实现后端电路的恒流充电，一方面可以起到充电参数可调，另一方面可有效保护功率管，防止在高压下电流过大导致损坏；该电路在后端充满电后打开开关锁定功能，不会在开关瞬间产生瞬态大电流冲击。

Description

一种直流大功率供电软启动电路及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种软启动电路，尤其涉及一种直流大功率供电软启动电路及方法。
背景技术
在大功率放大器中，常在功率管附近的电源上安装很多大容量电容。这样做一方面可以降低电源内阻，减小电源文波、稳定供电电压，另一方面也可为功率管提供充沛的能量保证动态。
但是，当供电电路上电时，容易瞬间产生大电流浪涌、高温和火花，对接线端子、设备和人身安全造成威胁。
传统软启动电路，很难对电路的上电参数进行定量控制，在实现软启动的同时，充分保护上电电路本身。
发明内容
发明目的：针对以上问题，本发明提出一种上电参数可定量设置、兼容性好、带载能力强的直流大功率供电软启动电路及方法。
技术方案：本发明所采用的技术方案是一种直流大功率供电软启动电路，包括隔离DC-DC电路、恒流电路、充满判决模块和开关锁定电路；上电时，所述隔离DC-DC电路生成隔离直流电压，隔离直流电压输入至所述恒流电路对后端进行恒流充电；所述充满判决电路用于识别所述恒流电路的输出电压是否充满，当充满电时，所述开关锁定电路锁定输出电压，实现前端输入电源与后级供电的连接。
所述恒流电路包括第一电阻R1、第一MOS管Q 1和限流电路，隔离DC-DC电路的输出电压经过第一电阻R1和限流电路分压后得到控制电压。
所述开关锁定电路包括可控精密稳压源U1、第六电阻R6和第九电阻R9，控制电压Vg经第六电阻R6和第九电阻R9串联分压后接可控精密稳压源U1的控制端，当
Figure PCTCN2021085759-appb-000001
时，可控精密稳压源U1的阴级管脚拉低。
所述充满判决模块是通过判断驱动电压V g来判断是否充满电，当驱动电压V g大于2倍功率管开启电压时，认为已经充满电
本发明提出一种应用在上述直流大功率供电软启动电路的软启动方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)隔离DC-DC电路产生隔离的输出电压V c；
(2)输出电压V c经过第一电阻R1和限流电路分压后得到控制电压V g，控制电压V g直接驱动第一MOS管Q 1的门级；
(3)刚上电时，控制电压V g被限流电路拉低，约处于略高于开启电压的状态，随着后端电压的上升、第二功率管Q 2的D、S端电压降低，限流电路对控制电压V g的控制减弱，控制电压V g也逐步上升；
(4)当控制电压V g上升到2倍第一MOS管Q 1的开启电压时，判断充电过程已经完成，此时开关锁定电路锁定输出电压，完成功放板的软启动。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：(1)该方法使用功率管保护电路实现后端电路的恒流充电，一方面可以起到充电参数可调，另一方面可有效保护功率管，防止在高压下电流过大导致损坏；(2)该方法有开关锁定功能，能够满足后端大电流工作需求；(3)该电路在后端充满电后(功率管Q 2两端电压相等时)打开开关锁定功能，不会在开关瞬间产生瞬态大电流冲击。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述直流大功率供电软启动电路的原理框图；
图2为本发明所述直流大功率供电软启动电路的软启动电压曲线；
图3为本发明所述的恒流电路；
图4为本发明所述的开关锁定电路；
图5为本发明所述的隔离DC-DC连接电路。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。
本发明所述的直流大功率供电软启动电路，如图1所示，包含隔离DC-DC电路、恒流电路、充满判决模块和开关锁定电路。上电时，由隔离DC-DC电路生成隔离直流电压，该电压控制恒流电路对后端进行恒流充电；由充满判决模块识别是否充满，当充满电时，打开开关锁定模块，输入电源与后级供电直接连接。至此，完成软起动上电功能。
如图2所示为上电电压V的变化图。在t 0时刻上电，此时恒流模块对后端开始充电，由于是恒流充电，负载等效为容性，输出电压V随时间呈线性变化；在t 1时刻，电压充满，此时输出电压V不再随时间变化；在t 2时刻，充满判决模块检测到功放内部的电容已经充满(功放为了输出瞬态大功率，内部都会有容量很大的电容)，控制打开大功率MOS开关锁定输出。
如图3所示为本发明所述的恒流电路，其中第四电阻R4为电流采样电阻，恒流充电电流大小为I＝V be/R 4，其中V be是第二功率管Q 2的基级-射级饱和电压；当电流过大时，第二功率管Q 2导通，将控制电压V g拉低，降低电流。
如图4所示为本发明所述的开关锁定电路，其中，第六电阻R6、第九电阻R9和可 控精密稳压源U1构成充满识别模块。当
Figure PCTCN2021085759-appb-000002
时，可控精密稳压源U1的阴级管脚拉低；三极管Q 3、第四MOS管Q 4构成开关模块，当可控精密稳压源U1的阴级管脚拉低时，三极管Q 3导通，进而第四MOS管Q 4完全导通。本实施例中，可控精密稳压源U1采用TL431。
如图5所示为本发明所述的隔离DC-DC连接电路。
软上电启动过程按照下步骤进行：
(1)首先给小功率隔离DC-DC开关电源供电，隔离DC-DC产生隔离的输出电压V c。输出电压V c的0电平与功放板的正供电端“VCC out”直接相连；
(2)输出电压V c经过第一电阻R1和限流电路分压后得到控制电压V g，控制电压V g直接驱动第一MOS管Q 1的门级；
(3)刚上电时，控制电压V g被限流电路拉低，约处于略高于开启电压的状态，随着后端电压的上升、第二功率管Q 2的D、S端电压降低，限流电路对控制电压V g的控制减弱，控制电压V g也逐步上升；
(4)当控制电压V g上升到2倍第一MOS管Q 1的开启电压时，认为充电过程已经完成，此时打开开关锁定功能，完成功放板的软启动。
注：隔离DC-DC电路的输出电压V c大于第一MOS管Q 1开启电压的3倍，小于MOS管Vgs的极限值。第二功率管Q 2、二极管D 1、第二电阻R 2、第三电阻R 3和第四电阻R 4共同构成对第一功率管Q 1的限流保护，同时也对后端供电起到恒流充电的作用。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种直流大功率供电软启动电路，其特征在于：包括隔离DC-DC电路、恒流电路、充满判决模块和开关锁定电路；上电时，所述隔离DC-DC电路生成隔离直流电压，隔离直流电压输入至所述恒流电路对后端进行恒流充电；所述充满判决电路用于识别所述恒流电路的输出电压是否充满，当充满电时，所述开关锁定电路锁定输出电压，实现前端输入电源与后级供电的连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的直流大功率供电软启动电路，其特征在于：所述恒流电路包括第一电阻R1、第一MOS管Q 1和限流电路，隔离DC-DC电路的输出电压经过第一电阻R1和限流电路分压后得到控制电压。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的直流大功率供电软启动电路，其特征在于：所述开关锁定电路包括可控精密稳压源U1、第六电阻R6和第九电阻R9，控制电压Vg经第六电阻R6和第九电阻R9串联分压后接可控精密稳压源U1的控制端，当
    Figure PCTCN2021085759-appb-100001
    时，可控精密稳压源U1的阴级管脚拉低。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的直流大功率供电软启动电路，其特征在于：所述充满判决模块是通过判断驱动电压V g来判断是否充满电，当驱动电压V g大于2倍功率管开启电压时，认为已经充满电。
  5. 一种应用在权利要求2-4任一项所述的直流大功率供电软启动电路的软启动方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)隔离DC-DC电路产生隔离的输出电压V c；
    (2)输出电压V c经过第一电阻R1和限流电路分压后得到控制电压V g，控制电压V g直接驱动第一MOS管Q 1的门级；
    (3)刚上电时，控制电压V g被限流电路拉低，约处于略高于开启电压的状态，随着后端电压的上升，限流电路对控制电压V g的控制减弱，控制电压V g也逐步上升；
    (4)当控制电压V g上升到2倍第一MOS管Q 1的开启电压时，判断充电过程已经完成，此时开关锁定电路锁定输出电压，完成功放板的软启动。
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