WO2022106451A1 - Device and method for shelling nuts, in particular chestnuts - Google Patents
Device and method for shelling nuts, in particular chestnuts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022106451A1 WO2022106451A1 PCT/EP2021/081951 EP2021081951W WO2022106451A1 WO 2022106451 A1 WO2022106451 A1 WO 2022106451A1 EP 2021081951 W EP2021081951 W EP 2021081951W WO 2022106451 A1 WO2022106451 A1 WO 2022106451A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fruits
- fruit
- mobile support
- exposing
- shell
- Prior art date
Links
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 title description 27
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 title description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 165
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000132456 Haplocarpha Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N5/00—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
- A23N5/006—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts for chestnuts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N5/00—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method for peeling nuts, in particular chestnuts. It applies, in particular, to the field of the manufacture of flour from such fruits, candied fruits, fruit jellies and jams.
- Nuts must be dehulled in many industrial processes. However, there is no effective automatic method to remove this shell and, if present, the seed coat from the fruit.
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of these drawbacks.
- the present invention relates to a device for peeling nuts, which comprises:
- the present invention therefore benefits from:
- the pressures and extractions are carried out using electromagnetic fields, which “illuminate” the chestnuts in a conveyor belt type tunnel,
- the power of the microwave generators and or the speed of the tunnel belt are controlled in such a way as to adjust the temperatures of the chestnuts, in particular to prevent them from bursting when subjected to excessive internal pressure.
- the shells are first subjected to an internal pressure in the fruit, in the first means of exposing the fruits to electromagnetic radiation and thus partially separated from the flesh of the fruit, then subjected to at least one incision , before being separated in two stages from this flesh, by the second means of exposing the fruits to electromagnetic radiation and then by thermal radiation which dries out these shells and causes them to deform, which facilitates their separation from the flesh fruit.
- the means for positioning the fruit on the mobile support comprises a feed hopper for a cleated belt having, over at least part of the upward path of the fruit, a steep inclination, the dimension of each cleat perpendicular to the belt and the inclination of the belt being jointly configured so that a fruit with its flat side against the belt is balanced and a fruit with its curved side against the belt is unbalanced and falls back into the hopper.
- the fruits are all oriented in the same way, preferably with their flat face against the mobile support, so that the incisions are positioned at substantially the same place on the different fruits to be peeled.
- the mobile support is provided with a fruit configuration sensor and with a means for removing fruit that is not in a predetermined configuration.
- the configuration sensor comprises a camera or an optical barrier and the removal means comprises an air jet generator or a movable arm.
- At least one means for exposing the fruits moved by the mobile support to electromagnetic radiation comprises at least one microwave generator.
- the fruits are exposed to microwaves which interact with their bipolar molecules, for example water, which has the effect of putting the shell of the fruit under pressure.
- At least one means for exposing the fruit moved by the mobile support to electromagnetic radiation comprises a fruit temperature control so that, in this means of exposure, the temperature of the fruit is less than 70 °C.
- the means for incising the shell of each fruit comprises at least three non-coplanar lasers.
- non-coplanar lasers make it possible to incise the fruits not only on a plane, for example horizontal, but also outside this plane, for example in a vertical plane, which facilitates their peeling.
- six lasers are arranged, for three of them, in a horizontal star and, for the other three, in a vertical star, which makes it possible to make continuous incisions along a horizontal circumference and a vertical circumference.
- the means for exposing the fruits to thermal radiation comprises at least one infrared emitter emitting in the mid-infrared.
- the means for separating the flesh of the fruits freed from their shell, on the one hand, from the shells, on the other hand comprises at least one nozzle for blowing compressed air onto the fruit.
- the blowing nozzles blow the shells and, where applicable, the skins or integuments, from the fruits and leave the flesh on the mobile support.
- the peeling device comprises, downstream of the separating means, a camera and an image processing system configured to monitor the quality of the peeling and trigger an alarm in the event of a peeling defect or burning of a large number of shelled fruits.
- the means for positioning the fruits is configured to position the fruits one behind the other on the mobile support.
- the fruits are successively treated by the means for exposing the fruits to electromagnetic radiation, the incision means, the means for exposing the fruits to thermal radiation and the separating means. The reproducibility of these treatments is thus improved and interactions or phenomena of masking of one fruit by another, phenomena which could occur if fruits were positioned side by side, are avoided.
- the peeling device comprises a means for separating the fruit by a few millimeters on the mobile support.
- This means of separating the fruits is, for example, a toothed wheel or a difference in speed between two conveyor belts, the acceleration given to the fruits separating them between them.
- FIG. 1 represents, in front view, a particular embodiment of the peeling device which is the subject of the invention
- Figure 2 shows, in front view, a fruit supply of the device illustrated in Figure 1,
- FIG. 3 represents, in front view, a first microwave tunnel of the device illustrated in FIG. 1,
- Figure 4 shows, in front view, a device for incising shells of the device illustrated in Figure 1,
- FIG. 5 represents, in front view, a second microwave tunnel of the device illustrated in FIG. 1,
- Figure 6 shows, in front view, an apparatus for exposure to thermal radiation and an apparatus for separating the device illustrated in Figure 1,
- Figure 7 shows, in side sectional view, part of the power supply apparatus shown in Figure 2
- Figure 8 shows, in front sectional view, the part of the power supply apparatus illustrated in Figure 7
- FIG. 9 represents, in top view, a configuration of lasers of the incision device illustrated in FIG. 4,
- FIG. 10 represents, in front view, the configuration of lasers illustrated in FIG. 9,
- FIG. 11 represents, in perspective, a chestnut and the incisions made by the lasers illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10,
- Figure 12 shows, in front view, a chestnut sorting system correctly or incorrectly positioned
- Figure 13 shows three chestnuts on a cleat belt from the fruit feed of the device.
- a device 20 comprising successively a fruit supply 21, a first microwave tunnel 22, a device for incising the shells 23, a second microwave tunnel 24, a device 25 for exposure to a thermal radiation and a device 26 for separating the shells from the flesh of the fruit.
- the fruit infeed 21 positions the fruit on a mobile support, for example a conveyor.
- the first microwave tunnel 22 ensures a rise in pressure inside the shell and a separation of the skins from the flesh of the fruit.
- the shell scoring apparatus 23 performs at least one shell scoring.
- the second microwave tunnel 24 causes a partial extraction of the liquids from the flesh of the fruits and a separation of the skins from the flesh of the fruits.
- the thermal radiation exposure device 25 causes the skins to crack.
- the separation device 26 separates, on one side the shells and, on the other side, the flesh of the fruits.
- the fruit feed 21, represented in FIG. 2, comprises a container 30, for example a large crate to contain fruit, the base of which is a pallet, also called a “palox”.
- a frame 31 supports the container 30.
- a feed chute 32 forming a hopper, transfers the fruit from the container 30 to a hopper 33 for feeding cleat belts.
- a belt with cleats having a first inclination in a part 34 and a second inclination in a part 35 brings the fruit to an upper ramp 36 which opens into a feed chute 40 of the first microwave tunnel 22.
- the belt 28 with cleats is described with reference to Figures 7 and 8, which show, in side sectional view and in front sectional view, part of the supply device 21 .
- Figures 7 and 8 show a frame 100 carrying the hopper 33 and the strip 28 with cleats 29.
- the spacing between two cleats is preferably less than twice the average of the largest dimension of the fruit 53.
- Cylinders 101 and 102 stretch and drive the strip 28 with cleats 29 in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 7, that is to say by raising the fruit present in the hopper 33.
- the cleats 29 are inclined relative to the horizontal.
- Pressurized air jet nozzles 103 drive the fruit 53 into the chute 40 in the upper part of the path of the strip 28 with cleats 29.
- the strip 28 with cleats 29 has a first slope 34, higher, in the lower part and in particular in the hopper 33 and a second slope 35, lower, in the upper part going up to to the nozzles 103.
- FIG. 13 illustrates, on three chestnuts 53, the effect of the combination of the width of the cleats 29 and the slope 34 on the orientation of the chestnuts which reach the chute 40.
- the centers of gravity of the chestnuts 53 are represented by crosses and their vertical is represented by broken lines.
- each cleat 29 perpendicular to the strip 28 and the inclination 34 of the strip 28 are jointly configured so that:
- a chestnut 53 with its flat face against the strip 28 is in balance, because its center of gravity is above the substantially horizontal surface of the cleat 29, as shown in Figure 13 on the left; this chestnut 53 thus going up to the nozzles 103, and
- a chestnut 53 presenting its curved face 82 against the band 28 is unbalanced and falls back into the hopper 33, as illustrated in the center of figure 13, where the curved face 82 of the fruit 53 slides on the cleat, and to the right of the figure 13 where the vertical projection of the center of gravity of the fruit is outside the substantially horizontal surface of the cleat 29.
- the width of the cleats 29 and the slope 34 can be jointly configured for the orientation of any fruit 53 which has:
- a face 82 opposite the flat face is a convex face since its mean radius of curvature is less than that of the flat face 81 .
- the fruits that reach the chute 40 are all oriented in the same way, preferably with their flat face 81 against the mobile support.
- the fruits 53 circulate one behind the other throughout the device 20, from the supply 21.
- This positioning allows stricter control of the correct orientation fruit, more precise control of fruit temperatures, closer focusing of electromagnetic and thermal radiation and air jets and better quality of incision.
- a configuration sensor 41 of the fruit 53 makes it possible, using a air jet nozzle, to redirect these badly positioned fruits towards the hopper 33.
- FIG. 12 illustrates the operation of an optical barrier for capturing the position of the fruits 53 performing the function of this sensor 41.
- chestnuts 53 are represented.
- 110 represents the height, relative to the strip conveyor 44, of the light ray emitted and captured by this optical barrier. This height 110 corresponds to the thickness of the flat face 81 of the fruits 53.
- the time 111 for the light ray to be cut off by a chestnut 53 correctly positioned with its flat face 81 against the conveyor belt 44 (on the left in FIG. 12) is longer than the duration 112 of cutoff of this light rays for a chestnut 53 positioned with its curved face 82 against the conveyor belt 44 (on the right in FIG. 12).
- the chestnuts 53 that are incorrectly positioned are discriminated and they are ejected from the conveyor belt 44 with a compressed air nozzle equipped with a solenoid valve.
- the chestnuts 53 thus removed from the conveyor belt 44 return, via a chute (not shown) to the hopper 33.
- a presence sensor 38 determines the presence of fruit on the chute 40.
- a fruit height sensor 39 in the feed hopper 33 emits an alert signal if the height of the fruit becomes lower than a predetermined height. Thus, an operator can replace the container 30 or fill it with fruit to be peeled.
- a conveyor belt 44 is stretched by a tensioner 42.
- the conveyor belt 44 rotates counter-clockwise.
- the conveyor belt 44 carries the fruit 53 in the frame 43 and 45 above the microwave generators 50 and below the smoke suction tubes 47, which lead to a pipe 46 for the suction of smoke.
- Temperature sensors 48 allow the monitoring of the temperature of the fruits.
- Handles 49 allow manual opening of the various parts of the tunnel 22.
- a safety sensor 55 for opening the first tunnel 22 stops the microwave generators 50 in the event of opening of the tunnel 22.
- the conveyor belt 44 releases the fruit on a chute 52.
- the chestnuts are subjected to an electromagnetic field, in the pressure-mounted tunnel 22, with:
- the electromagnetic field generated by the microwave generators 50 has the special feature that it makes it possible to raise the temperature of the dipolar molecules, therefore the water molecules in particular, which are in the flesh of the chestnuts. Indeed the skins contain almost none. As a result, the electromagnetic field passes through the skins and allows the temperature rise of the flesh which contains liquids. As a result, an overpressure is created between the flesh and the skin, which causes the skins to separate from the flesh.
- a temperature control of the fruits 53 is carried out so that the temperature of the fruits 53 is, in this means of exposure, the temperature of the fruits is lower than 70 ° C, and, at the exit of the tunnel 22, between 50 ° C and 70°C.
- this temperature range may vary according to the type of fruit, for example the type of chestnut, or the liquid content of the fruit.
- the temperature is measured, preferably, using infrared type sensors, without contact, installed after each generator 50.
- the temperature recorded is that of each fruit during its passage in front of each temperature sensor.
- the temperature gradient inside the fruits 53 promotes the evacuation of water from the flesh. This water moves between the flesh and the skins, which favors the final peeling and the absence of marking of the flesh by the means of incision.
- the chute 52 brings the fruit onto a conveyor belt 77 which, in Figure 4, rotates counter-clockwise.
- the conveyor belt 77 carries the fruit into the frame 59 where lasers 71 to 76 mounted on a frame 79 make cuts in the shell of the fruit.
- the arrangement of these six lasers 71 to 76 is detailed in FIG. 9.
- a fume extractor 69 sucks the fumes from different places of the incision device 23.
- the conveyor belt 77 deposits the fruits on a transfer gutter 84.
- a management touch screen 57 allows monitoring of the operation of the device 23. Connected to this touch screen, a management assembly ensures the correct operation of the device.
- the lasers 71 to 76 are positioned to make incisions 105 (see Figure 11), in a vertical plane, and 106, in a horizontal plane, making a full fruit circumference 53.
- the means for incising the shell of each fruit 53 comprises at least one laser.
- the incision means comprises at least three non-coplanar lasers. These non-coplanar lasers make it possible to incise the fruits not only on a plane, for example horizontal, but also outside this plane, for example in a vertical plane, which favors their peeling.
- the means for incising the shell of each fruit 53 comprises six lasers are arranged, for three of them referenced 72, 74 and 75, in a horizontal star pattern and, for the other three referenced 71, 73 and 76, in a vertical star via mirrors, which makes it possible to make continuous incisions 105 and 106 along a vertical circumference and a horizontal circumference, respectively.
- the incisions 105 and 106 over twice 360°, the final peeling is easier.
- this double incision is not essential, a single one, preferably the horizontal incision 106, may suffice.
- each incision is made using CO2 type laser beams.
- each incision can be made with another means, for example a rotary knife or a laser of another type.
- Chestnuts 53 for reasons of efficiency, remain in a row, but we separate them by a few millimeters so as to leave space for the lasers to perform the complete 360° incisions.
- the separation means is a toothed wheel 78, each fruit 53 being retained by a tooth of this wheel 78 before being released with a predetermined gap behind the previous fruit 53.
- the conveyor belt 77 is faster than the conveyor belt 44, which ensures a gap between the fruits 53 moved by the conveyor belt 77.
- the second microwave tunnel 24 is similar to the first microwave tunnel 22. It receives the fruit from the gutter 84 and delivers it to the gutter 86. A presence sensor 85 determines the presence of fruit on the gutter 86.
- the temperatures of the chestnuts are controlled, using sensors preferably without contacts, of the infrared type, for example, in the second tunnel 24, which allows an adjustment of the quality of the peeling while preserving the quality as well as possible. chestnuts and their final weight.
- the temperature is controlled so that the temperature of the fruits 53 does not exceed 70° C. in the second tunnel 24. It is noted that the fruits 53 can, in the second tunnel 24, be heated to a higher temperature than in the first tunnel 22 since an incision has been made and the fruits 53 therefore do not risk bursting. Additionally, in embodiments, the fruit 53 is cooked, at least partially, in the second tunnel 24.
- the gutter 86 emerges at the inlet of the device 25 for exposure to thermal radiation and delivers the fruit onto a belt 88 with metal mesh, preferably made of stainless steel ("stainless steel"), driven by a motor 94.
- the device 25 comprises a sensor 87 of the presence of fruit on the gutter 86 which controls the ignition and adjustment of infrared emitters 89.
- the chestnuts 53 are preferentially subjected to infrared radiation, preferably of the medium type, that is to say with a wavelength of between 2.5 and 25 ⁇ m.
- medium-type infrared rays have radiation that allows rays to penetrate over a few tenths of a mm, which is enough to crack the skin.
- a control of the temperature of the fruits 53 is carried out, for example using infrared temperature sensors, so that, at the output of this device 25 for exposure to thermal radiation, the temperature of the fruits 53 is included in the interval from 150°C to 400°C.
- a higher temperature is authorized, for example in order for the fruits 53 to be peeled and au gratin.
- the device 26 for separating the shells from the flesh of the fruits comprises a compressed air supply tube 91 and blowing nozzles 92 which blows the shells and, where appropriate, the skins or integuments, from the fruits and leaves the flesh on the carpet 88.
- the device 26 comprises a vacuum cleaner for the evacuation of the puffed hulls and skins.
- a presence sensor 93 verifies the presence of fruit flesh on the belt 88.
- the belt 88 delivers the fruit flesh to a transfer gutter 95 equipped with a camera 96 for peeling quality control.
- the camera 96 supplies images to an image processing software which checks the quality of the peeling and triggers an alarm in the event of a peeling defect or burning of a proportion of fruits (53) stripped of their upper shells to a predetermined value, for example 5%.
- the image processing discriminates the flesh, the skin, the shell, a burn from the flesh by their colors and/or their textures.
- the blowing nozzles 92 are installed immediately after the zone of exposure to thermal radiation, so as to separate the skins from the flesh without particular shocks, which allows peeling without damage to the fruits 53 at peel.
- the device 20 for peeling nuts 53 comprises:
- the shells are thus first subjected to internal pressure in the fruit, in the first means of exposing the fruits to electromagnetic radiation and thus partially separated from the flesh of the fruit, then subjected to at least one incision, before being separated in two stages from this flesh, by the second means of exposing the fruits to electromagnetic radiation and then by thermal radiation which dries out these shells and causes them to deform, which facilitates their separation from the flesh of the fruit 53.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP21823193.4A EP4228439A1 (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2021-11-17 | Device and method for shelling nuts, in particular chestnuts |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2011796 | 2020-11-17 | ||
FR2011796A FR3116182B1 (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PEELING NUTS, IN PARTICULAR CHESTNUTS |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022106451A1 true WO2022106451A1 (en) | 2022-05-27 |
Family
ID=74045926
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2021/081951 WO2022106451A1 (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2021-11-17 | Device and method for shelling nuts, in particular chestnuts |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4228439A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3116182B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022106451A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1955603A1 (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-08-13 | Guy Hervé Jean | Method of shelling the seeds of nuts, associated device and food products obtained |
CN103622141A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-03-12 | 浙江大学 | Method for synchronously removing shell and peel of Chinese chestnut through microwaves |
CN107897949A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-04-13 | 石林禾泽蔬菜速冻加工厂 | A kind of quick hulling device of Chinese chestnut |
CN108741121A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-06 | 张春永 | Chestnut laser incision machine |
ES2786449A1 (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-10-09 | Posada Gonzalez Manuel Enrique | New system for the manufacture of peeled chestnuts, with integral use (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
-
2020
- 2020-11-17 FR FR2011796A patent/FR3116182B1/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-11-17 EP EP21823193.4A patent/EP4228439A1/en active Pending
- 2021-11-17 WO PCT/EP2021/081951 patent/WO2022106451A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1955603A1 (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-08-13 | Guy Hervé Jean | Method of shelling the seeds of nuts, associated device and food products obtained |
CN103622141A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-03-12 | 浙江大学 | Method for synchronously removing shell and peel of Chinese chestnut through microwaves |
CN107897949A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-04-13 | 石林禾泽蔬菜速冻加工厂 | A kind of quick hulling device of Chinese chestnut |
CN108741121A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-06 | 张春永 | Chestnut laser incision machine |
ES2786449A1 (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-10-09 | Posada Gonzalez Manuel Enrique | New system for the manufacture of peeled chestnuts, with integral use (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4228439A1 (en) | 2023-08-23 |
FR3116182A1 (en) | 2022-05-20 |
FR3116182B1 (en) | 2022-11-25 |
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