WO2022104778A1 - 一种制动粉尘过滤装置及车辆 - Google Patents

一种制动粉尘过滤装置及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022104778A1
WO2022104778A1 PCT/CN2020/130831 CN2020130831W WO2022104778A1 WO 2022104778 A1 WO2022104778 A1 WO 2022104778A1 CN 2020130831 W CN2020130831 W CN 2020130831W WO 2022104778 A1 WO2022104778 A1 WO 2022104778A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base
brake
scribe
dust filter
brake dust
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/130831
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑博文
张晓倩
Original Assignee
武汉路特斯汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 武汉路特斯汽车有限公司 filed Critical 武汉路特斯汽车有限公司
Priority to US18/029,669 priority Critical patent/US20230407928A1/en
Priority to EP20962069.9A priority patent/EP4249764A4/en
Priority to CN202080105664.8A priority patent/CN116324206B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/130831 priority patent/WO2022104778A1/zh
Publication of WO2022104778A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022104778A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/0031—Devices for retaining friction material debris, e.g. dust collectors or filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • B01D46/44—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration
    • B01D46/46—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration automatic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/78—Features relating to cooling
    • F16D65/84—Features relating to cooling for disc brakes
    • F16D65/847—Features relating to cooling for disc brakes with open cooling system, e.g. cooled by air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a brake dust filtering device and a vehicle.
  • the automobile braking system generates friction through the pressure between the metal brake disc and the friction plate composed of the composite friction material.
  • a stable friction torque can be obtained under all conditions, which will cause slight wear of the brake disc and friction material during braking. Therefore, wear particles of different sizes, that is, brake dust, are inevitably generated during the wear process.
  • Brake dust adheres to the body and rims, affecting the appearance of the vehicle.
  • the brake dust is also discharged into the atmosphere with the air flow generated by the driving of the vehicle, polluting the environment. How to reduce or eliminate the pollution of brake dust to the environment is a major pain point in the research of today's car companies.
  • the brake dust of passenger cars is mainly composed of the following two types: the first is low-temperature mechanical friction dust, which is mainly produced by the mechanical shedding of the friction plate and the rough surface of the brake disc under the microcosm.
  • the particle size of this kind of dust is mostly above 10 ⁇ m, and it is mainly attached to the surface of the rim or deposited on the ground, and will not have a great impact on the environment and human health.
  • the second is high-temperature chemical agglomeration dust, which is mainly produced by the decomposition of chemical substances in the friction material at high temperature to generate micro-particles after gas cooling and condensation.
  • the particle size of this type of dust is mostly below 10 ⁇ m. It causes environmental pollution in the air, and it is also easy to be inhaled by the human body and cause diseases.
  • the dust around the brake caliper is absorbed by the filter box or the filter screen. Since the filter box or the filter screen is in the normally open state, the filter box or the filter screen indiscriminately absorbs the wheel dust and the brake dust, which seriously affects the service life of the filter screen.
  • the present invention has been proposed to provide a brake dust filter device and a vehicle that overcome the above-mentioned problems or at least partially solve the above-mentioned problems.
  • An object of the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a brake dust filtering device with high filtering efficiency.
  • Another object of the present invention is to simplify the structure and reduce the occupied space.
  • a further object of the present invention is to increase the service life of the filter screen.
  • An object of the second aspect of the present invention is to provide a vehicle including the above-mentioned brake dust filtering device, so as to improve the filtering efficiency of brake dust.
  • a brake dust filter device is provided, the brake dust filter device is installed at a brake caliper of a vehicle or a part around the brake caliper, including:
  • the base is provided with a plurality of first through holes
  • a scribe which is provided with a plurality of second through holes and forms a slidable connection with the base;
  • a filter screen disposed on a side of the base close to the brake caliper and covering the first through hole
  • the driving member is a heat-sensitive spring, the two ends of which are respectively connected with the base and the scribe;
  • the thermal spring is configured to keep the scribe and the base in the closed state under normal temperature, and deform when the temperature exceeds a preset value, so as to drive the scribe to slide relative to the base.
  • the open state is formed.
  • the thermal spring includes a first mounting portion, a connecting portion, and a second mounting portion that are connected in sequence, and the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion are respectively connected to the base and the scribe. connected.
  • one end of the base is provided with a first elongated hole and a stepped boss, and the boss cooperates with the first mounting portion to define the first mounting portion;
  • the scribe is provided with a first column portion corresponding to the first elongated hole and protruding toward the base, and the first column portion passes through the first elongated hole and is connected to the second column.
  • the mounting portion cooperates to define the second mounting portion.
  • a first fastener is also included, the first fastener is configured to cooperate with the first post portion to define the second mounting portion.
  • the first column portion is cylindrical and provided with threads on the surface
  • the first fastener is a nut.
  • the other end of the base is provided with a second elongated hole
  • the scribe is provided with a second column portion corresponding to the second elongated hole and protruding toward the base, and the second column portion is slidably penetrated in the second elongated hole.
  • the scribe is located on a side of the base away from the brake caliper.
  • the filter screen is fixed to the base in a preset manner, and the preset manner includes one or more of snap connection, bolt connection and lock pin connection.
  • the filter screen is rectangular, the three sides of the filter screen are respectively provided with raised clip bars, and the other side is flat;
  • the base is provided with a groove for clamping the clamping strip, and an abutting protrusion for abutting the plane.
  • the base, the scribe and the filter screen are all arc-shaped matching the brake caliper.
  • both ends of the base are provided with mounting structures for passing through second fasteners to fix the brake dust filter device on the brake caliper or parts around the brake caliper place.
  • the driver includes:
  • An electronically controlled steering gear is connected to the scribe, and is used for driving the scribe to slide relative to the base according to the braking state of the vehicle.
  • a brake controller connected to the electronically controlled steering gear, is used for receiving a brake pedal signal of the vehicle to identify the braking state of the vehicle, and sending the braking state of the vehicle to the electronic control steering gear.
  • a vehicle including a steering knuckle and a wheel hub bearing, a matching brake caliper and a ventilated brake disc, wherein the vehicle further includes any of the above The brake dust filter described above.
  • the driving element can control whether the brake dust filter device is in an open state or a closed state, thereby controlling whether the dust, especially the dust generated during braking, passes through the brake dust filter device, for example, during braking At the beginning or when the temperature reaches a certain value, the brake dust filter device is turned on, so that the dust can be filtered through the filter screen.
  • the present invention provides a solution in which a heat-sensitive spring is used as a driving member, which adopts a purely mechanical structure to automatically identify the ambient temperature to control the opening and closing of the brake dust filter device, which has a simple structure, low cost and no additional consumption. energy.
  • the exclusion structure is specially designed for the chemically agglomerated dust with great harm, and the absorption efficiency is high.
  • this solution only conducts the airflow to absorb dust in high temperature braking conditions, avoids inhalation of impurities in the air under non-braking conditions or low temperature braking conditions, and improves the service life of the filter screen.
  • the filter screen of the present invention is clamped to the base, and this connection method is convenient for replacing the filter screen, which can be cleaned or replaced during the normal maintenance of the vehicle, so the filter screen can be maintained and replaced in time to ensure the best dust absorption. Effect.
  • the base, the scribe and the filter screen are all arc-shaped matching the brake caliper.
  • the filtering area is larger, and it can be matched with the existing brake caliper, occupies a small space, the center of gravity is adjustable, and the integration cost is low.
  • the base, scribe, and filter are all sheet-like pieces, so they are also lighter.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic view of a brake dust filter device and related components according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly of the brake dust filter device and the brake caliper when the brake dust filter device is in a closed state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly of the brake dust filter device and the brake caliper when the brake dust filter device is in an open state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the back of the brake dust filter device according to an embodiment of the present invention when it is in an open state;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the back of the brake dust filter device according to an embodiment of the present invention when it is in a closed state;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal spring of a brake dust filter device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic front view of the structure of the base of the brake dust filter device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the rear structure of the base of the brake dust filter device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the rear structure of a scribe of a brake dust filter device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a rear structure of a filter screen of a brake dust filter device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic view of a brake dust filter device 100 and related components according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the brake dust filter device 100 of the present invention is used for a vehicle including a matching brake caliper 200 and a ventilated brake disc 300 , and the brake caliper 200 is rigidly connected to the steering knuckle and the wheel hub bearing 400 of the vehicle,
  • the ventilated brake disc 300 is rotatable about the center axis of the steering knuckle and the hub bearing 400 .
  • the steering knuckle and the wheel hub bearing 400 are a well-known structure, which can be made of cast iron or cast aluminum, and play the role of supporting and installing other parts.
  • the brake caliper 200 , the ventilated brake disc 300 , the steering knuckle and the wheel hub bearing 400 are all mature products in the prior art, and the structure will not be described in detail here.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly of the brake dust filter device 100 and the brake caliper 200 when the brake dust filter device 100 is in a closed state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly of the brake dust filter device 100 and the brake caliper 200 when the brake dust filter device 100 is in an open state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the brake dust filter device 100 of the present invention is installed at the brake caliper 200 or the parts around the brake caliper 200 , for example, fixed by bolts, pins, etc.
  • the brake dust filter device 100 includes a base 10 , a scribe 20 , a filter screen 30 and a driving member 40 .
  • the base 10 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 101 .
  • the scribe 20 is provided with a plurality of second through holes 201 and is slidably connected with the base 10 .
  • the filter screen 30 is disposed on the side of the base 10 close to the brake caliper 200 and covers the first through hole 101 .
  • the driving member 40 is used for driving the scribe 20 to slide relative to the base 10 to form a closed state in which each first through hole 101 and each second through hole 201 are staggered (see FIG. 2 ), and a plurality of first through holes 101 and an at least partially overlapping open state of the plurality of second through holes 201 (see FIG. 3 ).
  • the brake dust filter device 100 of this embodiment can drive the relative movement of the scribe 20 and the base 10 by controlling the state of the driving member 40 .
  • the base 10 may be fixed to the vehicle, and the driving member 40 drives the scribe 20 relative to the base 10 .
  • the scribe 20 may also be fixed to the vehicle, and the driving member 40 drives the base 10 to slide relative to the scribe 20 .
  • the ventilated brake disc 300 When the vehicle is running normally, the wheel rotates, and the ventilated brake disc 300 rotates synchronously with the rigid connection of the wheel. Since the ventilated brake disc 300 is provided with a ventilation rib, the ventilation rib drives the internal air to flow outward along the radial direction of the ventilated brake disc 300 under centrifugal action during rotation, thereby blowing dust to the brake dust filter device 100 flow.
  • the driving member 40 of this embodiment can control whether the brake dust filter device 100 is in an on state or an off state, thereby controlling whether the dust, especially the dust generated during braking, passes through the brake dust filter device 100, for example, at the beginning of braking or When the temperature reaches a certain value, the brake dust filter device 100 is turned on, so that the incoming dust is filtered through the filter screen 30, and the filter screen 30 adsorbs the particulate matter contained in the air flow to purify the air flow.
  • This solution realizes the flexible and controllable timing of dust collection and filtration by vehicles, which is beneficial to improve the dust filtration efficiency.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the back of the brake dust filter device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention when it is in an open state.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the back of the brake dust filter device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention when it is in a closed state.
  • the driving member 40 is a thermal spring 41 , the two ends of which are respectively connected to the base 10 and the scribe 20 , and the thermal spring 41 is configured to The scribe 20 and the base 10 are kept in a closed state, and deform when the temperature exceeds a preset value, so as to drive the scribe 20 to slide relative to the base 10 to form an open state.
  • a heat-sensitive spring 41 is provided as the driving member 40. Since the heat-sensitive spring 41 can be deformed to different degrees according to the temperature, and since the two ends of the heat-sensitive spring 41 are connected to the base 10 and the scribe 20, the heat-sensitive spring 41 can pass the heat The sensitive spring 41 senses the temperature to control the relative sliding of the base 10 and the scribe 20 , thereby controlling the opening and closing of the brake dust filter device 100 .
  • the vehicle will generate heat and the above-mentioned high-temperature chemical agglomerated dust during braking. Therefore, by properly setting the thermal spring 41, sufficient deformation can be achieved when the temperature reaches high-temperature chemical agglomerated dust, and the brake dust filter device can be controlled.
  • the purely mechanical structure is used to automatically identify the ambient temperature to control the opening and closing of the brake dust filter device 100, which has a simple structure, low cost and no additional energy consumption.
  • this solution only conducts the airflow to absorb dust in high temperature braking conditions, avoids inhalation of impurities in the air under non-braking conditions or low temperature braking conditions, and improves the service life of the filter screen 30 .
  • the thermal spring 41 has an approximately oval shape, and includes a first mounting portion 411 , a connecting portion 412 and a second mounting portion 413 that are connected in sequence.
  • the first mounting portion 411 and the The second mounting parts 413 are respectively connected with the base 10 and the scribe 20 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-sensitive spring of a brake dust filter device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • both the first mounting portion 411 and the second mounting portion 413 are circular holes formed by spirally winding the thermal wire.
  • the distance between the first mounting portion 411 and the second mounting portion 413 is relatively long.
  • the connecting portion 412 expands to both sides, causing the first mounting portion 411 and the second mounting portion 413 to approach each other, thereby driving the scribe 20 and the base 10 to slide relative to each other.
  • the thermal spring 41 may also be in other shapes such as a circle, a spiral shape, an L shape, and the like.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic front view of the structure of the base 10 of the brake dust filter device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the rear structure of the base 10 of the brake dust filter device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the rear structure of the scribe 20 of the brake dust filter device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • one end of the base 10 is provided with a first elongated hole 11 and a stepped boss 12 .
  • the boss 12 cooperates with the first mounting portion 411 to define the first mounting portion 411 .
  • the scribe 20 is provided with a first column portion 21 corresponding to the first elongated hole 11 and protruding toward the base 10 .
  • the first column portion 21 passes through the elongated hole 11 and is connected to the second mounting portion. 413 cooperate to define the second mounting portion 413 .
  • the brake dust filter device further includes a first fastener 50 , and the first fastener 50 is configured to cooperate with the first column portion 21 to define the second installation portion 413 .
  • the thermal spring 41 can be prevented from falling off by arranging the first fastener 50 matched with the first column portion 21 .
  • the first column portion 21 is cylindrical and has threads on its surface, and the first fastener 50 is a nut.
  • the top of the first column portion 21 is set as a cap portion extending outward.
  • This embodiment provides a specific connection method between the thermal spring 41 , the base 10 and the scribe 20 .
  • other common connection methods may also be used, such as snap connection, bonding, etc., which are not limited herein.
  • the other end of the base 10 is provided with a second elongated hole 16 .
  • the scribe 20 is provided with a second column portion 22 corresponding to the second elongated hole 16 and protruding toward the base 10 .
  • the second column portion 22 is slidably inserted through the second elongated hole 16 .
  • first elongated hole 11 and the second elongated hole 16 are both elongated holes
  • the boss 12 has a cylindrical stepped shape
  • the first column portion 21 and the second column portion 22 are both cylindrical.
  • the scribe 20 is located on a side of the base 10 away from the brake caliper 200 .
  • the scribe 20 can also be disposed on the side of the base 10 close to the brake caliper 200 .
  • the filter screen 30 is fixed to the base 10 in a preset manner, and the preset manner includes one or more of snap connection, bolt connection and lock pin connection.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the rear structure of the filter screen 30 of the brake dust filter device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the filter screen 30 is in the shape of a rectangle, three sides of which are respectively provided with raised clipping strips 31 , and the other side is a flat surface 32 .
  • the base 10 is provided with a groove 13 for clamping the clamping strip 31 , and an abutting protrusion 14 for abutting against the flat surface 32 .
  • This embodiment provides a specific form of connection between the filter screen 30 and the base 10 .
  • the clamping strip 31 can slide in the groove 13 , and finally the position of the filter screen 30 is defined by the contact between the flat surface 32 and the abutting protrusion 14 .
  • This connection method is convenient to replace the filter screen 30, which can be cleaned or replaced during the normal maintenance of the vehicle, so the filter screen 30 can be maintained and replaced in time to ensure the best dust adsorption effect.
  • the disassembled filter screen 30 can be collected and disposed of in a centralized manner.
  • the base 10 , the scribe 20 and the filter screen 30 all have an arc shape matching the brake caliper. In this way, the filtering area is larger, and it can be matched with the existing brake caliper 200 , occupying less space and lowering the integration cost.
  • the base 10, the scribe 20 and the filter screen 30 are all sheet-like parts, so the weight is relatively light.
  • the overall outer surface of the brake dust filter device 100 may also be in the shape of a circle, an ellipse, or the like.
  • two ends of the base 10 are provided with mounting structures 15 for passing through second fasteners, so as to fix the brake dust filter device 100 to the brake caliper 200 or the brake caliper 200 peripheral parts (see Figure 2).
  • the mounting structure 15 can be in the form of a lifting lug as shown in FIG. 2 , and the base 10 is fixed to the relevant parts of the vehicle (such as the brake caliper 200 ) by means of second fasteners (such as bolts, etc.), so as to facilitate installation in the existing on the vehicle.
  • the number of the first through holes 101 and the second through holes 201 are the same.
  • first through hole 101 and the second through hole 201 are both rectangular, and of course, may also be circular, oval, etc., which are not limited herein.
  • the first through holes 101 and the second through holes 201 are evenly arranged, so that the airflow can pass through evenly.
  • the driving member 40 includes an electronically controlled steering gear, which is connected to the scribe 20 for driving the scribe 20 to slide relative to the base 10 according to the braking state of the vehicle.
  • the brake dust filtering device 100 further includes a brake controller, which is connected to the electronically controlled steering gear and is used for receiving the brake pedal signal of the vehicle to identify the braking state of the vehicle, and sending the braking state of the vehicle to Electronically controlled steering gear. That is, the electronically controlled steering gear can be connected to the brake controller installed in the vehicle through a wire. The brake controller can receive the brake pedal signal, identify whether the vehicle is in the braking state, and then control the electronically controlled steering gear to turn on the switch of the dust absorption device at the appropriate time.
  • a brake controller which is connected to the electronically controlled steering gear and is used for receiving the brake pedal signal of the vehicle to identify the braking state of the vehicle, and sending the braking state of the vehicle to Electronically controlled steering gear. That is, the electronically controlled steering gear can be connected to the brake controller installed in the vehicle through a wire. The brake controller can receive the brake pedal signal, identify whether the vehicle is in the braking state, and then control the electronically controlled steering gear to turn on the switch of the dust absorption device at the appropriate time.
  • the electronically controlled steering gear may also be connected to a temperature acquisition unit, and the temperature acquisition unit is used to acquire the temperature of the ventilated brake disc 300.
  • the electronically controlled steering gear controls the dicing. 20 swipes. It is also possible to control the opening and closing of the brake dust filter device 100 according to the temperature. It is just that compared with the aforementioned method of using the thermal spring 41 , the method of this embodiment requires the participation of more units, and a corresponding control program needs to be designed.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle, as shown in FIG. 1 , in one embodiment, the vehicle includes a steering knuckle and a wheel hub bearing 400 , a matching brake caliper 200 and a ventilated brake disc 300 , wherein the vehicle further includes the above-mentioned Any one of the brake dust filter devices 100 .
  • the on-off control of the brake dust can be realized. It is beneficial to improve the filtering efficiency of dust.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

一种制动粉尘过滤装置（100），安装于车辆的制动钳（200）处或制动钳（200）周边的零件处，包括：底座（10），设有多个第一通孔（101）；划片（20），设有多个第二通孔（201）且与底座（10）形成可滑动连接；滤网（30），设置于底座（10）靠近制动钳（200）的一侧且覆盖第一通孔（101）；驱动件（40），用于驱动划片（20）相对于底座（10）滑动，以形成每一第一通孔（101）和每一第二通孔（201）均错开的关闭状态、以及多个第一通孔（101）和多个第二通孔（201）的至少部分重叠的开启状态。还公开了一种车辆。此制动粉尘过滤装置及车辆，能够提高制动粉尘的过滤效率。

Description

一种制动粉尘过滤装置及车辆 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆技术领域，特别是涉及一种制动粉尘过滤装置及车辆。
背景技术
随着我国经济发展的愈发迅速，汽车保有量呈现逐年增加的趋势。但随着汽车数量的增加，汽车带来的环保问题也是日益严峻。如何使车辆更加环保，如何减少车辆粉尘排放，增强市场竞争力，也是各大主机厂争先研究的课题。
汽车制动系统是通过金属的制动盘和复合组分摩擦材料组成的摩擦片间的压力产生摩擦力，而在制动盘-摩擦片组成的摩擦副中，为保证车辆在各种工况下都能获得稳定的摩擦力矩，会在制动时造成制动盘和摩擦材料的轻微磨损，因此在该磨损过程中不可避免产生大小不同的磨损颗粒即制动粉尘。制动粉尘会附着在车身和轮辋上，影响车辆外观。同时，制动粉尘也会随着车辆行驶产生的气流排放到大气中，污染环境。如何减少或消除制动粉尘对环境的污染是当今车企研究的一大痛点。
乘用车的制动粉尘主要由以下两种组成：第一种是低温机械性摩擦粉尘，主要是在微观下由摩擦片和制动盘的粗糙表面相互剪切造成双方机械性脱落产生。这种粉尘的颗粒尺寸大多在10μm以上，主要附着在轮辋表面或沉积在地面上，不会对环境和人体健康产生很大影响。第二种是高温化学性凝集粉尘，主要是通过高温时摩擦材料中的化学物质分解产生气体冷却后凝结产生微颗粒，这种粉尘的颗粒尺寸大多在10μm以下，如排放到大气中会长期悬浮在空气中造成环境污染，同时也容易被人体吸入引起疾病。
现有技术中通过滤盒或滤网吸附制动钳周边的粉尘，由于处于常开状态，滤盒或滤网无差别吸附轮边灰尘和制动粉尘，严重影响滤网使用寿命。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，提出了本发明以便提供一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的制动粉尘过滤装置及车辆。
本发明第一方面的一个目的是提供一种过滤效率高的制动粉尘过滤装置。
本发明的另一个目的是要简化结构、降低占用空间。
本发明的进一步的一个目的是提升滤网的使用寿命。
本发明第二方面的一个目的是要提供一种包括上述制动粉尘过滤装置的车辆，以提高制动粉尘的过滤效率。
特别地，根据本发明实施例的一方面，提供了一种制动粉尘过滤装置，所述制动粉尘过滤装置安装于车辆的制动钳处或所述制动钳周边的零件处，包括：
底座，设有多个第一通孔；
划片，设有多个第二通孔且与所述底座形成可滑动连接；
滤网，设置于所述底座靠近所述制动钳的一侧且覆盖所述第一通孔；以及
驱动件，用于驱动所述划片相对于所述底座滑动，以形成每一所述第一通孔和每一所述第二通孔均错开的关闭状态、以及所述多个第一通孔和所述多个第二通孔的至少部分重叠的开启状态。
可选地，所述驱动件为热敏弹簧，其两端分别与所述底座和所述划片相连；
所述热敏弹簧配置成在常温状态下将所述划片和所述底座保持于所述关闭状态，在温度超过预设值时发生变形，以带动所述划片相对于所述底座滑动至形成所述开启状态。
可选地，所述热敏弹簧包括顺次连接的第一安装部、连接部和第二安装部，所述第一安装部和所述第二安装部分别与所述底座和所述划片相连。
可选地，所述底座的一端设有第一长形孔和阶梯形的凸台，所述凸台与所述第一安装部配合，用于限定所述第一安装部；
所述划片设有与所述第一长形孔相对应的朝向所述底座凸起的第一柱部，所述第一柱部穿过所述第一长形孔后与所述第二安装部配合以限定所述第二安装部。
可选地，还包括第一紧固件，所述第一紧固件配置为与所述第一柱部配合以限定所述第二安装部。
可选地，所述第一柱部呈圆柱形且表面设有螺纹；
所述第一紧固件为螺母。
可选地，所述底座的另一端设有第二长形孔；
所述划片设有与所述第二长形孔相对应的朝向所述底座凸起的第二柱部，所述第二柱部可滑动地穿设于所述第二长形孔内。
可选地，所述划片位于所述底座的远离所述制动钳的一侧。
可选地，所述滤网通过预设方式固定于所述底座处，所述预设方式包括卡接、螺栓连接和锁销连接中的一种或多种。
可选地，所述滤网呈矩形，所述滤网的三个侧面分别设有凸起的卡接条，另一个侧面为平面；
所述底座设有用于卡接所述卡接条的凹槽，以及用于抵接所述平面的抵接凸起。
可选地，所述底座、所述划片和所述滤网均呈与所述制动钳匹配的弧形。
可选地，所述底座的两端设有安装结构，用于穿设第二紧固件，以将所述制动粉尘过滤装置固定于所述制动钳或所述制动钳周边的零件处。
可选地，所述驱动件包括：
电控舵机，与所述划片相连，用于根据车辆的制动状态驱动所述划片相对于所述底座滑动。
可选地，还包括：
制动控制器，与所述电控舵机相连，用于接收所述车辆的制动踏板信号以识别所述车辆的制动状态，并将所述车辆的制动状态发送至所述电控舵机。
特别地，根据本发明实施例的另一方面，提供了一种车辆，包括转向节及轮毂轴承、配套的制动钳和通风式制动盘，其中，所述车辆还包括上述任一项所述的制动粉尘过滤装置。
本发明的制动粉尘过滤装置中，驱动件可以控制制动粉尘过滤装置处于开启状态还是关闭状态，进而控制粉尘，特别是制动时产生的粉尘是否通过制动粉尘过滤装置，例如在制动开始时或在温度达到一定值时打开制动粉尘过滤装置，以通入粉尘通过滤网进行过滤，滤网将气流中包含的颗粒物吸附住，起到净化气流的作用。本方案实现了车辆对粉尘的收集及过滤时机灵活可控，有利于提高粉尘的过滤效率。
进一步地，本发明提供了热敏弹簧作为驱动件的方案，这种采用纯机械结构自动识别环境温度，以控制制动粉尘过滤装置开闭的方式，结构简单、成本较低并且不会额外消耗能源。
进一步地，由于区分了摩擦粉尘的两种类型，针对危害大的化学凝集粉 尘专门设计排除结构，吸收效率高。
进一步地，本方案只在高温制动工况导通气流吸收粉尘，避免非制动工况或低温制动工况将空气中杂质吸入，提升了滤网使用寿命。
进一步地，本发明的滤网卡接于底座，这种连接方式便于更换滤网，可以在车辆进行正常维护保养时进行清洁或更换，因此能够及时对滤网进行保养更换以保证最佳的粉尘吸附效果。
进一步地，底座、划片和滤网均呈与制动钳匹配的弧形。这样使得过滤的面积更大，并且能够与现有的制动钳进行配合，占用空间小，重心可调，集成成本低。底座、划片和滤网均呈片状件，因此质量也比较轻。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本发明的具体实施方式。
根据下文结合附图对本发明具体实施例的详细描述，本领域技术人员将会更加明了本发明的上述以及其他目的、优点和特征。
附图说明
后文将参照附图以示例性而非限制性的方式详细描述本发明的一些具体实施例。附图中相同的附图标记标示了相同或类似的部件或部分。本领域技术人员应该理解，这些附图未必是按比例绘制的。附图中：
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置与相关部件的分解示意图；
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置处于关闭状态时与制动钳的装配示意图；
图3是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置处于开启状态时与制动钳的装配示意图；
图4是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置处于开启状态时背面的结构示意图；
图5是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置处于关闭状态时背面的结构示意图；
图6是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置的热敏弹簧的结构示意图；
图7是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置的底座的正面结构示意图；
图8是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置的底座的背面结构示意图；
图9是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置的划片的背面结构示意图；
图10是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置的滤网的背面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置100与相关部件的分解示意图。如图1所示，本发明的制动粉尘过滤装置100用于包括配套的制动钳200和通风式制动盘300的车辆，制动钳200与车辆的转向节及轮毂轴承400刚性连接，通风式制动盘300可以围绕转向节及轮毂轴承400的中心轴旋转。转向节及轮毂轴承400为一种公知结构，可以使用铸铁或铸铝制成，起到支撑及安装其他零件的作用。制动钳200、通风式制动盘300和转向节及轮毂轴承400均为现有技术中成熟的产品，在此不再对于结构进行详述。
图2是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置100处于关闭状态时与制动钳200的装配示意图。图3是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置100处于开启状态时与制动钳200的装配示意图。如图2所示，也可以参见图3，一个实施例中，本发明的制动粉尘过滤装置100安装于制动钳200或制动钳200周边的零件处，例如通过螺栓、销子等固定方式安装在制动钳200的侧面、前后等位置，或制动钳200周边的转向节、挡泥板等零件处。制动粉尘过滤装置100包括底座10、划片20、滤网30和驱动件40。底座10设有多个第一通孔101。划片20设有多个第二通孔201且与底座10形成可滑动连接。滤网30设置于底座10靠近制动钳200的一侧且覆盖第一通孔101。驱动件40用于驱动划片20相对于底座10滑动，以形成每一第一通孔 101和每一第二通孔201均错开的关闭状态(参见图2)、以及多个第一通孔101和多个第二通孔201的至少部分重叠的开启状态(参见图3)。
本实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置100通过控制驱动件40的状态，能够带动划片20和底座10的相对运动，这里可以是底座10与车辆固定、驱动件40带动划片20相对于底座10滑动，也可以是划片20固定于车辆，驱动件40带动底座10相对于划片20滑动。
在汽车正常行驶时车轮转动，通风式制动盘300与车轮刚性连接同步转动。由于通风式制动盘300内部设有通风筋，在旋转时通风筋驱动内部空气在离心作用下沿通风式制动盘300的半径方向向外流动，进而吹动粉尘向制动粉尘过滤装置100流动。本实施例的驱动件40可以控制制动粉尘过滤装置100处于开启状态还是关闭状态，进而控制粉尘，特别是制动时产生的粉尘是否通过制动粉尘过滤装置100，例如在制动开始时或在温度达到一定值时打开制动粉尘过滤装置100，以通入粉尘通过滤网30进行过滤，滤网30将气流中包含的颗粒物吸附住，起到净化气流的作用。本方案实现了车辆对粉尘的收集及过滤时机灵活可控，有利于提高粉尘的过滤效率。
图4是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置100处于开启状态时背面的结构示意图。图5是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置100处于关闭状态时背面的结构示意图。如图4所示，也可以参见图5，一个实施例中，驱动件40为热敏弹簧41，其两端分别与底座10和划片20相连，热敏弹簧41配置成在常温状态下将划片20和底座10保持于关闭状态，在温度超过预设值时发生变形，以带动划片20相对于底座10滑动至形成开启状态。
本实施例设置了热敏弹簧41作为驱动件40，由于热敏弹簧41能够根据温度发生不同程度的形变，由于该热敏弹簧41的两端连接了底座10和划片20，因此能够通过热敏弹簧41感应温度来控制底座10和划片20的相对滑动，从而控制制动粉尘过滤装置100的开闭。而车辆在制动时会产生热量及上述的高温化学性凝集粉尘，因此通过合理设置热敏弹簧41，能够实现在温度达到产生高温化学性凝集粉尘时发生足够的变形，控制制动粉尘过滤装置100开启，进而进行过滤。在车辆解除制动时，通风式制动盘300温度降低，气流温度降低，制动粉尘过滤装置100从开启状态变为关闭状态。这种采用纯机械结构自动识别环境温度，以控制制动粉尘过滤装置100开闭的方式， 结构简单、成本较低并且不会额外消耗能源。
本实施例区分了摩擦粉尘的两种类型，针对危害大的化学凝集粉尘专门设计排除结构，吸收效率高。
进一步地，本方案只在高温制动工况导通气流吸收粉尘，避免非制动工况或低温制动工况将空气中杂质吸入，提升了滤网30使用寿命。
如图4所示，一个具体的实施例中，热敏弹簧41呈近似椭圆的形状，包括顺次连接的第一安装部411、连接部412和第二安装部413，第一安装部411和第二安装部413分别与底座10和划片20相连。
图6是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置的热敏弹簧的结构示意图。如图6所示，可选地，第一安装部411和第二安装部413均为热敏线螺旋盘绕而成的圆形孔。如图5所示，在常温时，第一安装部411和第二安装部413之间的距离较远。如图4所示，在高温时，连接部412向两侧扩张，造成第一安装部411和第二安装部413相互靠近，从而带动划片20和底座10相对滑动。
当然在其他未示出的实施例中，该热敏弹簧41还可以是圆形、螺旋形、L形等其他形状。
图7是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置100的底座10的正面结构示意图。图8是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置100的底座10的背面结构示意图。图9是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置100的划片20的背面结构示意图。如图8所示，一个实施例中，底座10的一端设有第一长形孔11和阶梯形的凸台12。如图4所示，凸台12与第一安装部411配合，用于限定第一安装部411。由于凸台12的顶部的尺寸较大，因此能够限制第一安装部411沿其轴向的移动空间。如图9所示，划片20设有与第一长形孔11相对应的朝向底座10凸起的第一柱部21，第一柱部21穿过长形孔11后与第二安装部413配合以限定第二安装部413。
如图4所示，进一步的一个实施例中，制动粉尘过滤装置还包括第一紧固件50，第一紧固件50配置为与第一柱部21配合以限定第二安装部413。通过设置与第一柱部21相配合的第一紧固件50可以防止热敏弹簧41脱落。
一个实施例中，第一柱部21呈圆柱形且表面设有螺纹，第一紧固件50为螺母。当然在其他未示出的实施例中，还可以设置其他的防脱落结构，例如将第一柱部21的顶部设为向外侧延伸的帽部等。
本实施例提供了一种热敏弹簧41与底座10、划片20之间的具体连接方式。当然在其他未示出的实施例中，还可以是其他常见的连接方式，例如卡接、粘结等，在此不做限制。
另一实施例中，底座10的另一端设有第二长形孔16。划片20设有与第二长形孔16相对应的朝向底座10凸起的第二柱部22，所述第二柱部22可滑动地穿设于第二长形孔16内。当热敏弹簧41带动划片20相对于底座10滑动时，第一柱部21和第二柱部22分别在第一长形孔11和第二长形孔16内移动。
可选地，第一长形孔11和第二长形孔16均为长圆孔，凸台12呈圆柱阶梯形，第一柱部21和第二柱部22均呈圆柱形。
一个实施例中，如图3所示，划片20位于底座10的远离制动钳200的一侧。当然也可以将该划片20设置于底座10的靠近制动钳200的一侧。
滤网30通过预设方式固定于底座10处，预设方式包括卡接、螺栓连接和锁销连接中的一种或多种。
图10是根据本发明一个实施例的制动粉尘过滤装置100的滤网30的背面结构示意图。如图10所示，一个具体的实施例中，滤网30呈矩形，其三个侧面分别设有凸起的卡接条31，另一个侧面为平面32。如图8所示，底座10设有用于卡接卡接条31的凹槽13，以及用于抵接平面32的抵接凸起14。本实施例给出了滤网30和底座10连接的一种具体形式。安装和拆卸时，卡接条31可以在凹槽13中滑动，最后通过平面32和抵接凸起14的接触来限定滤网30的位置。这种连接方式便于更换滤网30，可以在车辆进行正常维护保养时进行清洁或更换，因此能够及时对滤网30进行保养更换以保证最佳的粉尘吸附效果。最后，拆卸的滤网30可以被集中回收，统一处理。
一个实施例中，如图2所示，底座10、划片20和滤网30均呈与制动钳匹配的弧形。这样使得过滤的面积更大，并且能够与现有的制动钳200进行配合，占用空间小，集成成本低。底座10、划片20和滤网30均呈片状件，因此质量也比较轻。
当然在其他未示出的实施例中，制动粉尘过滤装置100的整体外形表面还可以是圆形、椭圆等形状。
可选地，如图2所示，底座10的两端设有安装结构15，用于穿设第二紧固件，以将制动粉尘过滤装置100固定于制动钳200或制动钳200周边的 零件处(参见图2)。该安装结构15可以是图2中所示的吊耳的形式，通过第二紧固件(如螺栓等)将底座10固定到车辆的相关零件(如制动钳200)，便于安装在现有车辆上。
一个实施例中，第一通孔101和第二通孔201数量相同。
可选地，第一通孔101和第二通孔201均为矩形，当然也可以是圆形，椭圆形等，在此不做限制。
可选地，述第一通孔101和第二通孔201都均匀布置，从而使得气流均匀地通过。
另一个实施例中，驱动件40包括电控舵机，与划片20相连，用于根据车辆的制动状态驱动划片20相对于底座10滑动。
可选地，制动粉尘过滤装置100还包括制动控制器，与电控舵机相连，用于接收车辆的制动踏板信号以识别车辆的制动状态，并将车辆的制动状态发送至电控舵机。也就是该电控舵机可以通过导线与安装在车内的制动控制器连接。制动控制器可以接受制动踏板信号，识别车辆是否处于制动状态，然后在适当的时机操控电控舵机打开粉尘吸收装置的开关。
一个实施例中，该电控舵机还可以与温度采集单元相连，该温度采集单元用于采集通风式制动盘300的温度，当该温度高于预设值时电控舵机控制划片20滑动。也同样实现了根据温度来控制制动粉尘过滤装置100的开闭。只是相对于前述通过热敏弹簧41的方式，本实施例的方式需要更多的单元参与，需要设计对应的控制程序。
本发明还提供了一种车辆，如图1所示，一个实施例中，该车辆包括转向节及轮毂轴承400、配套的制动钳200和通风式制动盘300，其中，车辆还包括上述任一项制动粉尘过滤装置100。
本实施例的车辆通过设置独立的制动粉尘过滤装置100，能够实现对制动粉尘的开闭控制。有利于提高粉尘的过滤效率。
至此，本领域技术人员应认识到，虽然本文已详尽示出和描述了本发明的示例性实施例，但是，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下，仍可根据本发明公开的内容直接确定或推导出符合本发明原理的许多其他变型或修改。因此，本发明的范围应被理解和认定为覆盖了所有这些其他变型或修改。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种制动粉尘过滤装置，所述制动粉尘过滤装置安装于车辆的制动钳处或所述制动钳周边的零件处，包括：
    底座，设有多个第一通孔；
    划片，设有多个第二通孔且与所述底座形成可滑动连接；
    滤网，设置于所述底座靠近所述制动钳的一侧且覆盖所述第一通孔；以及
    驱动件，用于驱动所述划片相对于所述底座滑动，以形成每一所述第一通孔和每一所述第二通孔均错开的关闭状态、以及所述多个第一通孔和所述多个第二通孔的至少部分重叠的开启状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，所述驱动件为热敏弹簧，其两端分别与所述底座和所述划片相连；
    所述热敏弹簧配置成在常温状态下将所述划片和所述底座保持于所述关闭状态，在温度超过预设值时发生变形，以带动所述划片相对于所述底座滑动至形成所述开启状态。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，
    所述热敏弹簧包括顺次连接的第一安装部、连接部和第二安装部，所述第一安装部和所述第二安装部分别与所述底座和所述划片相连。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，
    所述底座的一端设有第一长形孔和阶梯形的凸台，所述凸台与所述第一安装部配合，用于限定所述第一安装部；
    所述划片设有与所述第一长形孔相对应的朝向所述底座凸起的第一柱部，所述第一柱部穿过所述第一长形孔后与所述第二安装部配合以限定所述第二安装部。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，还包括第一紧固件，所述第一紧固件配置为与所述第一柱部配合以限定所述第二安装部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，
    所述第一柱部呈圆柱形且表面设有螺纹；
    所述第一紧固件为螺母。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，
    所述底座的另一端设有第二长形孔；
    所述划片设有与所述第二长形孔相对应的朝向所述底座凸起的第二柱部，所述第二柱部可滑动地穿设于所述第二长形孔内。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，
    所述划片位于所述底座的远离所述制动钳的一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，
    所述滤网通过预设方式固定于所述底座处，所述预设方式包括卡接、螺栓连接和锁销连接中的一种或多种。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，
    所述滤网呈矩形，所述滤网的三个侧面分别设有凸起的卡接条，另一个侧面为平面；
    所述底座设有用于卡接所述卡接条的凹槽，以及用于抵接所述平面的抵接凸起。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，
    所述底座、所述划片和所述滤网均呈与所述制动钳匹配的弧形。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，
    所述底座的两端设有安装结构，用于穿设第二紧固件，以将所述制动粉尘过滤装置固定于所述制动钳或所述制动钳周边的零件处。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，所述驱动件包 括：
    电控舵机，与所述划片相连，用于根据车辆的制动状态驱动所述划片相对于所述底座滑动。
  14. 根据权利要求13的制动粉尘过滤装置，其中，还包括：
    制动控制器，与所述电控舵机相连，用于接收所述车辆的制动踏板信号以识别所述车辆的制动状态，并将所述车辆的制动状态发送至所述电控舵机。
  15. 一种车辆，包括转向节及轮毂轴承、配套的制动钳和通风式制动盘，其中，所述车辆还包括权利要求1-14中任一项所述的制动粉尘过滤装置。
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