WO2022102896A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un article moulé incurvé à l'aide d'une technologie d'impression 4d - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un article moulé incurvé à l'aide d'une technologie d'impression 4d Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022102896A1
WO2022102896A1 PCT/KR2021/007179 KR2021007179W WO2022102896A1 WO 2022102896 A1 WO2022102896 A1 WO 2022102896A1 KR 2021007179 W KR2021007179 W KR 2021007179W WO 2022102896 A1 WO2022102896 A1 WO 2022102896A1
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output
annular
layers
anisotropic
residual stress
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PCT/KR2021/007179
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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박근
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서울과학기술대학교 산학협력단
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Publication of WO2022102896A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022102896A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a curved part using 4D printing technology in which heat is applied to a closed curved planar part printed by a specific path in a material extrusion type 3D printer. is about
  • a material extrusion or fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer uses an external computer to create a 3D modeling model for printing and uses an external computer to create a 3D printer.
  • After making machine instructions ( G-Code) to repeatedly cut 3D sculptures into thin slices to produce individual thin slices, receive machine instructions from an external computer and move the heating nozzle according to the machine instructions to write the 3D modeling model on the workbench. Print the corresponding extruded output.
  • the 3D printer 60 schematically includes a workbench 10 , a heating nozzle 20 , an extruder 30 , and a filament spool 50 , as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the filament take-up 50 is wound into a long and thin line made of a plastic filament 72 in the 3D printer 60 .
  • the 3D printer 60 is electrically connected to an external computer so that the 3D printer 60 drives the plastic filament 72 from the filament take-up 50 toward the extruder 30 . transmit
  • the plastic filament 72 is transferred from the extruder 30 to the heating nozzle 20 and melted inside the heating nozzle 20 through the heating nozzle 20 to a high-temperature plastic line 73 or 75 in Figs. 2 is transformed as
  • the plastic filament 72 is a thermoplastic resin, and may be acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polylactide (PLA).
  • the plastic line 73 or 75 is printed on the work bench 10 as shown in FIG. 1 or 2 through the movement of the X and Y axes of the work table 10 and the Z axis movement of the heating nozzle 30 .
  • the plastic line 73 or 75 may be printed on the workbench 10 through the movement of the Z-axis of the workbench 10 and the movement of the X-axis and Y-axis of the heating nozzle 30 .
  • the extruded output 80 is made by combining five diamond shapes 79 .
  • the individual diamond shapes 79 include a plurality of first output plates ( 74 in FIG. 2 or 3 ) and a plurality of second output plates ( 74 in FIG. 2 or 3 ) positioned on the plurality of first output plates 74 . 76).
  • the individual first output plates 74 are formed by repeatedly horizontally printing a plurality of plastic lines 73 along the transverse direction.
  • the individual second output plates 76 are formed by repeatedly and vertically printing a plurality of plastic lines 75 along the longitudinal direction.
  • the extruded output 80 After the extruded output 80 is printed in a star shape on the workbench 10, the extruded output 80 has a compressive residual stress in the longitudinal direction in the individual first output plate 74, and the individual second output The plate 76 has a tensile residual stress in the longitudinal direction. That is, the individual first output plate 74 and the individual second output plate 76 have residual stresses opposite to each other in the longitudinal direction in the extruded output 80 .
  • the extruded output 80 may be separated from the workbench 10 and converted from a star shape to another shape by applying 4D printing technology.
  • the 4D printing technology is performed to transform the initial shape of the extruded output 80 over time by applying an environment or energy source such as heat, vibration, gravity, or air to the extruded output 80 of the 3D printer 60.
  • the 4D printing technology focuses on applying heat to the extruded output 80 in order to simplify the description of the present invention.
  • the extruded output 80 is subjected to heat application at 150° C. for 15 minutes in 4D printing technology to induce longitudinal expansion of the individual first output 74 and contraction in the longitudinal direction of the individual second output 76 according to time. While showing the movement of the starfish in the five diamonds 79, the free ends of the individual diamonds 79 are bent toward the center of the star shape and transformed into a curvedly-molded matter 85 as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the bending molding 85 is effective only in a shape having a free end or an open end, such as the extruded product 80 of FIG. 3 due to a relationship based on bending deformation.
  • the bent molding 85 is formed by irregularly bending the free ends of the individual diamonds 79 in the extrusion output 80 , the shape of the bent molding 85 does not have consistency, reproducibility, and uniformity.
  • the present invention has been devised to solve the problems of the prior art, and is a curved molded product made by bending a flat output by applying heat to a 2.5D planar part of a closed curve printed by a material extrusion type 3D printer.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a curved molded product using 4D printing technology suitable to have consistency, reproducibility, and uniformity with respect to the shape of a curved part.
  • a method for manufacturing a curved molded article using a 4D printing technology is a printing path in a circumferential direction on a workbench of the 3D printer using a heating nozzle in a material extrusion type 3D printer. to form a 2.5D planar part of a closed curve shape, and using a heat supply device to position the planar output device inside the heat supply device, which is provided in the heat supply device to correspond to the curved shape
  • a fixture is placed on the planar output while the heat is transferred from the heat supply to the planar output while maintaining the temperature of the heat supply above the heat deflection temperature of the planar output.
  • the flat-type output is formed in the circumferential direction on the workbench of the 3D printer While having a closed shape along with a tensile residual stress in the circumferential direction and a compressive residual stress in the radial direction, the curved molded article is, while receiving the heat from the heat supply device, the fixture according to the time of heat conduction It is characterized in that it is formed by simultaneously and uniformly bending the flat output in a radial direction.
  • the planar printout consists of at least one annular layer on the workbench of the 3D printer, with a void space in the inner area of the respective annular layer, towards the outer area from the inner area of the respective annular layer towards the heating nozzle output through Having an anisotropically printed plate of a predetermined width formed by setting a printing path to be output in a circle while drawing concentric circles in multiple layers using a plastic line, the printing starting point located in the inner diameter of the individual annular layer and the above It may have a line transition region helically connecting the individual ply of the plastic line between printing endpoints located on the outer diameter of the individual annular layers.
  • the curved molded article is based on a planar output comprising at least one annular layer and having an anisotropic output plate in each annular layer, while transferring the heat of the heat supply device to the planar output, an anisotropic output in the planar output
  • the tensile residual stress is relaxed along the circumferential direction of the plate, and along with the contraction, the compressive residual stress is relaxed along the radial direction of the anisotropic output plate in the planar output to cause expansion, so that it is relatively in the outer diameter compared to the inner diameter of the flat output. It may be formed by making the outer diameter side relative to the inner diameter side rise relatively obliquely toward the fixture in the planar output by a larger strain difference.
  • the flat output is composed of lower annular layers sequentially stacked on the workbench of the 3D printer, functional thin film material, and upper annular layers, together with an empty space in the inner region of each lower or upper annular layer,
  • An anisotropic output plate of a predetermined width formed by setting a printing path to output in a circular shape while drawing concentric circles in multiple layers using a plastic line output through the heating nozzle from the inner region of the lower or upper annular layer toward the outer region a line transition region helically connecting the individual ply of plastic line between a printing start point located at the inner diameter of the respective lower or upper annular layer and a printing end point located at the outer diameter of the respective lower or upper annular layer,
  • the uppermost layer of the lower annular layers and the lowermost layer of the upper annular layers are in contact through the functional thin film material, and the thickness of the functional thin film material is smaller than the thickness of the individual annular layers;
  • the line transition region of the respective lower annular layer may be located directly above the line transition region of
  • the curved molded article is made of sequentially stacked lower annular layers, a functional thin film material, and an upper annular layer.
  • the tensile residual stress is relaxed along the circumferential direction of the anisotropic output plate in the planar output, and with contraction, the compressive residual stress is relaxed along the radial direction of the anisotropic output plate in the planar output. It may be formed by causing expansion, and causing the outer diameter side relative to the inner diameter side to rise relatively obliquely toward the fixture in the planar output object by a relatively larger difference in strain in the outer diameter compared to the inner diameter of the flat output object.
  • the flat printout is made of a plurality of polygonal round annular layers on the workbench of the 3D printer, along with an empty space in the inner region of each polygonal round annular layer, along the individual polygonal round annular layers, and arcs at each corner (
  • the plastic line is horizontally wound in multiple layers to print a plurality of arcs concentrically for each round annular layer, and the plastic line is used in the isotropic output plate to repeatedly have a diagonal that intersects layer by layer for every two polygonal round annular layers ,
  • the first line transition regions positioned on both sides of the anisotropic output plate may be in contact along the second line transition regions positioned on both sides of the isotropic output plate.
  • the curved molded article is composed of a plurality of polygonal round annular layers, and in each polygonal round annular layer, an arc-shaped anisotropic output plate for each corner and a square-shaped isotropic output plate for each two edges. Based on the flat output, During the transfer of the heat of the heat supply device to the output, the tensile residual stress is relaxed along the circumferential direction of the anisotropic output plate in the flat-type output and is contracted, and compressed along the radial direction of the anisotropic output in the flat-type output.
  • the planar output can be formed by making the outer diameter side relative to the inner diameter side rise relatively obliquely toward the fixture.
  • the planar output is composed of annular layers on the workbench of the 3D printer, and a plurality of connecting layers sequentially stacked in the inner region of the annular layers, having a connecting portion dividing the inner region of the annular layers,
  • an annularly and anisotropically printed plate of a predetermined width is formed by setting the printing path to be output in a circular shape while drawing concentric circles in several layers using the plastic line output through the heating nozzle.
  • the curved molded article includes annular layers, and at least one formed in an inner region of the annular layers, dividing the inner region of the annular layers, and a connecting portion having a plurality of connecting layers, so that an annular anisotropic output plate and two Tensile residual stress and compression along the circumferential and radial directions of the annular anisotropic output plate while transferring the heat of the heat supply device to the planar output based on the planar output having an orthogonal anisotropic output plate for each of the connecting layers Residual stress is respectively relaxed to contract and expand, and along the longitudinal and width directions of the orthogonal anisotropic output plate are tensile residual stress and compressive residual stress, or compressive residual stress and tensile residual stress are respectively relaxed to contract and expand or expand and causing shrinkage, by the difference in strain in the inner and outer diameters of the annular anisotropic output plate and in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the orthogonal anisotropic output plate, in the annular anisotropic output plate
  • the flat output is made of annular layers on the workbench of the 3D printer, and circular layers that shield the inner region of the annular layers, and is output through the heating nozzle in an individual annular layer
  • an annular anisotropic output plate of a predetermined width formed by setting a printing path to be output in a circle while drawing concentric circles in multiple layers using a plastic line
  • the first line transition region of the annular anisotropic output plate is the second of the isotropic output plate
  • Two lines may be in contact with the transition region.
  • the curved molded article is composed of annular layers and circular layers that shield the inner region of the annular layers, and an annular anisotropic output plate in individual annular layers and an isotropic output plate that intersects layer by layer for each two circular layers Based on a planar output
  • the tensile residual stress and the compressive residual stress are respectively relaxed along the circumferential and radial directions of the annular anisotropic output plate to cause contraction and expansion
  • Due to the larger strain difference in the outer diameter versus the inner diameter of the annular anisotropic output plate Due to the larger strain difference in the outer diameter versus the inner diameter of the annular anisotropic output plate, the outer diameter side versus the inner diameter side rises relatively obliquely toward the fixture in the annular anisotropic output plate, and when viewed from the circular layers, the annular layer compared to the annular layer It can be formed to be relatively flat in circular layers.
  • the flat output is made of a lower annular pad sequentially stacked on the workbench of the 3D printer, a metal conductive wire part, and an upper annular pad using a plastic line output through the heating nozzle.
  • the tensile residual stress and the compressive residual stress are respectively relaxed and contracted along the circumferential and radial directions of the lower or upper annular pad while transferring the heat of the heat supply device to the planar output. causing expansion, causing the lower or upper annular pad to swell relatively obliquely toward the fixture in the lower or upper annular pad by a greater strain difference in the outer diameter versus the inner diameter of the lower or upper annular pad, wherein the metal lead part may be formed to be bent along a curve between the lower annular pad and the upper annular pad.
  • the method for manufacturing a curved molded article using the 4D printing technology is a material extrusion method using a plastic line in a 3D printer to form a 2.5D planar part in a closed curve shape on a workbench. After that, insert the planar output from the workbench into the heat supply device to position the fixture of the heat supply in the central area of the flat output, while transferring the heat of the heat supply to the flat output, place the flat output around the fixture Consistency, reproducibility, and uniformity of the shape of a curved molded product made by bending a flat output through the heating effect of the heat supply device and shape constraint of the fixture as it induces deformation that is bent toward can be given
  • 1 to 3 are schematic diagrams illustrating a conventional material extrusion type 3D printing technology and a 4D printing technology using the same.
  • 4 to 7, and 17 and 18 are schematic views illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using the 4D printing technology according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 8 to 12 are schematic views illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4 to 7, and 17 and 18 are schematic views illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using the 4D printing technology according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the material extrusion type 3D printer outputs a three-dimensional shape, but in order to clearly describe the 4D printing technology, below, the term '2.5D (2.5-dimensional) planar type' refers to the dimension and flatness before applying heat to the three-dimensional shape, and the term '3D curved type' refers to the dimension and flatness after applying heat to the three-dimensional shape. refers to the degree of deformation.
  • the method for manufacturing a curved molded article using the 4D printing technology according to the first embodiment of the present invention is a material extrusion type 3D printer ( In 60 of FIG. 1, using a heating nozzle 20, a printing path is set in the circumferential direction on the workbench 10 of the 3D printer 60 as shown in FIG. part; 120, hereinafter referred to as 'planar output') includes forming as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the planar output 120 consists of at least one annular layer on the workbench 10 of the 3D printer 60, with an empty space in the inner region of the individual annular layer, from the inner region to the outer region of the individual annular layer.
  • An anisotropically printed plate of a predetermined width formed by setting the printing path to be output in a circular shape while drawing concentric circles in multiple layers using the plastic line 114 output from the heating nozzle 20 of FIG. 4 toward ; 118) as shown in FIG. 5, helically connecting the individual plies of plastic line 114 between the printing start point T1 located on the inner diameter of the individual annular layer and the printing end point T2 located on the outer diameter of the individual annular layer. It has a line transition region (S1) as shown in FIG.
  • the printing start point T1 and the printing end point T2 are opposite to each other in the line transition region S1 as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the line transition region S1 is, as shown in FIG. 5 , an nth plastic line 114 and an n+1th plastic line 114 between the printing start point T1 and the printing end point T2 (however, n is a positive integer) and has a diagonal line repeatedly.
  • the flat output 120 has a tensile residual stress in a circumferential direction and a compressive residual stress in a radial direction while having the closed shape of FIG. 5 along the circumferential direction on the workbench 10 of the 3D printer 60 .
  • the heating nozzle 20 tensions the high-temperature plastic line 114 along the printing length or circumferential direction through the opening and perpendicular to the printing length (or circumferential) direction, for example, the high-temperature plastic in the radial direction. This is because, while compressing the line 114 , a high-temperature plastic line 114 is exposed on the workbench 10 of the 3D printer 60 to generate a residual stress in the plastic line 114 .
  • the flat output 120 is positioned inside the heat supply device 145 using the heat supply device 145 , It is provided in the supply device 145 and includes positioning the fixture 140 corresponding to the curved shape on the flat output 120 .
  • the heat supply device 145 includes an electric oven.
  • the fixture 140 may be positioned in a chamber (not shown) of the heat supply device 145 to be positioned inside the planar output 120 .
  • the fixture 140 has an inclined surface to correspond to a 4D printing deformable shape.
  • the temperature of the heat supply device 145 is maintained above the thermal deformation temperature of the flat output 120 .
  • bending deformation of the flat output 120 toward the fixture 140 is induced to form a 3D curved shape into a shape corresponding to the fixture 140 . It includes forming a molded part (curved part 130, hereinafter referred to as a 'curved molded article').
  • the curved molded article 130 when considering FIGS. 6 and 7, while receiving heat from the heat supply device 145, the flat output 120 toward the fixture 140 according to the time of heat transfer is formed by simultaneously and uniformly bending radially.
  • the flat-type output 120 when considering FIGS. 17A and 17B in conjunction with FIG. 5 , on the workbench 10 using the nozzle 20 of the 3D printer 60 , the flat-type output 120 is quadrant. A test planar output 100 corresponding to the work of may be produced.
  • the test planar output 100 has at least one test anisotropic output plate 98 .
  • the test anisotropic output plate 98 is formed by horizontally winding the plastic line 94 in multiple layers so as to print a plurality of arcs concentrically using the plastic line 94 .
  • the test anisotropic output plate 98 has a line transition region S11 on the left and right sides, and a printing start point T11 and a printing end point T12 in the right line transition region S11 of the test anisotropic output plate 98. has
  • the test anisotropic output plate 98 unlike the anisotropic output plate 118 of FIG. 5, does not have a closed shape.
  • the outer diameter of the test anisotropic output plate 98 is fixed to 60 mm, and the width w of the test anisotropic output plate 98 is set to 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm, the test planar output 100 can be prepared in plurality, as shown in FIG. 17A .
  • the plurality of test planar outputs 100 may be inserted into a heat supply device (not shown in the drawing).
  • the heat supply does not have the fixture of FIG. 5 in the chamber. While the plurality of test planar outputs 100 receive heat from the heat supply device, the difference in strain rates between the inner and outer diameters of the plurality of test planar outputs 100 is, when considering FIGS. 17A and 18 , the test anisotropy As the width w of the output plate 98 increases, it appears gradually larger.
  • test anisotropic output plate 98 does not have a closed shape like the anisotropic output plate 118 of FIG. It only contracts and expands in a two-dimensional plane even when it receives heat from it. That is, the plurality of test planar outputs 100 cause a difference in strain rate between the inner diameter and the outer diameter by inducing contraction and radial expansion in the circumferential direction while receiving heat from the heat supply device, more specifically, the strain rate of the inner diameter
  • Each of the plurality of non-bending molded articles 105 is deformed due to a difference in strain (shrinkage) of the outer diameter greater than (shrinkage).
  • the curved molded article 130 is made of at least one annular layer, and based on the planar output 120 having an anisotropic output plate 118 in each annular layer, While the heat of the heat supply device 145 is transferred to the flat-type output 120 , the tensile residual stress is relaxed along the circumferential direction of the anisotropic output plate 118 in the flat-type output 120 , along with the contraction, the flat-type output 120 .
  • the compressive residual stress is relaxed along the radial direction of the anisotropic output plate 118 to cause expansion, resulting in a relatively larger strain difference in the outer diameter compared to the inner diameter of the flat output 120 in a predetermined direction in the flat output 120 It is formed so that the outer diameter side relative to the inner diameter side toward the fixture 140 along (R1) rises relatively obliquely.
  • the flat output 120 Because the flat output 120 has a closed shape, the flat output 120 receives heat from the heat supply device 145 while receiving heat from the flat output 120 due to a difference in strain between the inner and outer diameters. This is because the internal stress cannot be radiated to the outside, and the internal stress is used as a self-transformation in the three-dimensional space. Accordingly, the curved molded article 130 is consistent and reproducible with respect to the shape of the curved molded article 130 through the thermal restraint of the heat supply device 145 for the flat output 120 and the molding restraint of the fixture 140 . and is made with uniformity. On the other hand, the line transition region S1 of the planar output 120 remains as a trace on the surface of the curved molded article 130 as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • FIGS. 8 to 12 are schematic views illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12A is a planarly enlarged image of the curved molded article of FIG. 11
  • FIG. 12B is an enlarged image of Region A in FIG. 12A
  • FIG. 12C is an enlarged image of Region B in FIG. 12A
  • FIG. 12d is an image showing a cross section of the curved molded article taken along the cutting line I-I' in FIG. 12A .
  • FIGS. 8 to 12 a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a second embodiment of the present invention is disclosed similarly to FIGS. 4 to 7 , but the flat output of FIGS. 8 to 12 . 180 and the curved molded product 190 are structurally different from the flat output 120 and the curved molded product 130 of FIGS. 4 to 7 .
  • the flat output 180 includes the lower annular layers (140 in FIG. 8 or 9) and functional thin film materials sequentially stacked on the workbench (10 in FIG. 9) of the 3D printer (60 in FIG. 1)
  • Set the printing path so that it is output in a circle while drawing concentric circles in multiple layers using the plastic line 114 output through the heating nozzle (20 in FIG. 4) from the inner region of the layer 140 or 170 toward the outer region Having an anisotropic output plate of a predetermined width (see 118 in Fig.
  • the printing starting point (T1 in Fig. 5) located on the inner diameter of the respective lower or upper annular layer 140 or 170 and the respective lower or upper annular layer ( 140 or 170 has a line transition region (S2 or S3 in FIG. 11) that spirals the individual ply of plastic line 114 between the printing endpoints (T2 in FIG. 5) located at an outer diameter of 140 or 170).
  • the uppermost layer of the lower annular layers 140 and the lowermost layer of the upper annular layers 170 are in contact through the functional thin film material 160 , and the functional thin film
  • the thickness of the material is less than the thickness of the individual annular layers 160 or 170 .
  • the line transition region S2 of the respective lower annular layer 140 is located directly above the line transition region S3 of the respective upper annular layer 170 or the line transition region S3 of the respective upper annular layer 170 .
  • the functional thin film material 160 includes a porous filter fabric having a plurality of meshes 155 as shown in FIG. 8 or 11 or 12B.
  • the flat output 180 is transformed into a curved molded product 190 by applying the 4D printing technology of FIG. 6 .
  • the curved molded article 190 is, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , sequentially stacked lower annular layers 140 , a functional thin film material 160 , and upper annular layers 170 .
  • the planar output 180 having an anisotropic output plate 118 in its respective lower or upper annular layer 140 or 170, while transferring the heat of the heat supply device (FIG. 6 145) to the planar output 180 , in the flat output 180 , the tensile residual stress is relaxed along the circumferential direction of the anisotropic output plate 118 to contract, and in the flat output 180 , the compressive residual stress is relaxed along the radial direction of the anisotropic output plate 118 .
  • the curved molded article 190 is a circular printing path 175 along between the plastic lines 114 at the surface of the respective lower or upper annular layer 140 or 170, when considering FIGS. 12B and 12D. ) has In addition, the curved molded article 190 connects the lower annular layer 140 and the upper annular layer 170 through the functional thin film material 160 in consideration of FIGS. 12C and 12D .
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a third embodiment of the present invention is disclosed similarly to FIGS. 4 to 7 , but the flat output 210 and the curved shape of FIG. 13 .
  • the molded article 220 is structurally different from the planar output 120 and the curved molded article 130 of FIGS. 4 to 7 .
  • the flat-type output 210 is made of a plurality of polygonal round annular layers on the workbench 10 of the 3D printer (60 in FIG. 1 ), and with empty space in the inner region of the individual polygonal round annular layers, Along the polygonal round annular layer, an anisotropic output plate 204 in an arc shape at each corner and an isotropic output plate 208 in a rectangular shape between two edges are provided, as shown in FIG. 17B . As shown, using the plastic line 114 output from the anisotropic output plate 204 through the heating nozzle (20 in Fig.
  • the first line transition region (see S11 in FIG. 17B ) positioned on both sides of the anisotropic output plate 204 is a second line transition region positioned on both sides of the isotropic output plate 208 (not shown in the drawing). city) to contact
  • the isotropic output plate 208 is used to remove in-plane anisotropy in the material extrusion type 3D printer 60 .
  • the flat output 210 is transformed into a curved molded article 220 by applying the 4D printing technology of FIG. 6 .
  • the curved molded article 220 is composed of a plurality of polygonal round annular layers, and an arc-shaped anisotropic output plate 204 for each corner in each polygonal round annular layer and a square-shaped isotropic output plate for every two corners. Based on the planar output 210 having 208 , the circumference of the anisotropic output plate 204 in the planar output 210 while transferring the heat of the heat supply 145 in FIG. 6 to the planar output 210 .
  • the compressive residual stress is relaxed along the radial direction of the anisotropic output plate 204 in the planar output 210 to cause expansion, compared to the inner diameter of the anisotropic output plate 204 It is formed by making the outer diameter side relative to the inner diameter side rise relatively obliquely toward the fixture (140 in FIG. 6 ) in the planar output 210 due to a relatively larger strain difference in the outer diameter.
  • the isotropic output plate 208 does not have in-plane anisotropy, the isotropic output plate 208 continues to maintain its initial shape while transferring the heat of the heat supply device 145 to the planar output 210 . do.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 a method for manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is disclosed similarly to FIGS. 4 to 7 , but the flat output 240 and the curved shape of FIG. 14 .
  • the molded article 250 is structurally different from the flat molded article 120 and the curved molded article 130 of FIGS. 4 to 7 .
  • the flat output 240 is annular layers on the workbench 10 of the 3D printer (60 in FIG. 1), and a plurality of connecting layers (not shown in the drawing) sequentially stacked in the inner region of the annular layers.
  • the first line transition region (see S1 of FIG. 5 ) of the annular anisotropic output plate 234 may be in contact or non-contact with the second line transition region (not shown in the drawing) of the orthogonal anisotropic output plate 238 .
  • At least one connection portion 239 is formed in the inner region of the annular layers as shown in FIG. 14A or 14B or 14C, and two or more are formed in the inner region of the annular layers as shown in FIG. 14B or 14C. When formed, annular It radially connects the inner region of the layers.
  • the orthogonal anisotropic output plate 238 has a tensile residual stress along the longitudinal direction and a compressive residual stress along the width direction in one of the two connecting layers for every two connecting layers, and in the other of the two connecting layers, It has a compressive residual stress along the longitudinal direction and a tensile residual stress along the width direction. Meanwhile, the flat output 240 is transformed into a curved molded article 250 by applying the 4D printing technology of FIG. 6 .
  • the curved molded article 250 includes annular layers, and at least one formed in the inner region of the annular layers, dividing the inner region of the annular layers, and a connecting portion 239 having a plurality of connecting layers. Based on a planar output 240 having an annular anisotropic output plate 234 in individual annular layers and an orthogonal anisotropic output plate 238 per two connecting layers, the planar output 240 is supplied with the heat supply device 145 of FIG.
  • the tensile residual stress and the compressive residual stress are respectively relaxed and contracted and expanded together with the longitudinal direction of the orthogonal anisotropic output plate 238 and Tensile residual stress and compressive residual stress or compressive residual stress and tensile residual stress are respectively relaxed to cause contraction and expansion or expansion and contraction along the width direction, so that at the inner diameter and outer diameter of the annular anisotropic output plate 234 and orthogonal anisotropy output Due to the difference in strain in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the plate 238, the outer diameter side relative to the inner diameter side toward the fixture (140 in FIG.
  • the orthogonal anisotropy output plate 238 is formed to have a higher peripheral area compared to the central area.
  • orthogonal anisotropic output plate 238 transfers the heat of the heat supply device 145 to the planar output 240 , as described in FIG. 3 , bending deformation occurs, similarly to the movement of the starfish see.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 a method for manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention is similarly disclosed in FIGS. 4 to 7 , but the flat output 270 and the curved shape of FIG. 15 .
  • the molded article 280 is structurally different from the flat molded article 120 and the curved molded article 130 of FIGS. 4 to 7 .
  • the planar output 270 consists of annular layers on the workbench 10 of the 3D printer (60 in FIG. 1) and circular layers that shield the inner region of the annular layers, and in individual annular layers, a heating nozzle It has an annular anisotropic output plate 264 of a predetermined width formed by setting a printing path to be output in a circular shape while drawing concentric circles in multiple layers using the plastic line 114 output through (20 in FIG. 4), To form the circular layers in the inner region of the annular layers, in each circular layer, an isotropically printed plate 268 is crossed layer by layer for every two circular layers using a plastic line 1140 .
  • the first line transition region (see S1 of FIG. 5 ) of the annular anisotropic output plate 264 is in contact with a second line transition region (not shown) of the isotropic output plate 268 .
  • the isotropic output plate 268 is used to remove the in-plane anisotropy, as described in FIG. 13 .
  • the flat output 270 is transformed into a curved molded article 280 by applying the 4D printing technology of FIG. 6 .
  • the curved molded article 280 is composed of annular layers and circular layers for shielding the inner region of the annular layers, so that the annular anisotropic output plate 264 and the two circular layers are intersected layer by layer in individual annular layers Based on the planar output 270 having the isotropic output plate 268, while transferring the heat of the heat supply device 145 of FIG.
  • the annular anisotropic output plate 264 6 to the planar output 270, the circumferential direction of the annular anisotropic output plate 264 and In the radial direction, the tensile residual stress and the compressive residual stress are respectively relaxed to cause contraction and expansion, so that by a larger strain difference in the outer diameter compared to the inner diameter of the annular anisotropic output plate 264, the annular anisotropic output plate 264 also 6, the outer diameter side relative to the inner diameter side rises relatively obliquely toward the fixture 140, and when viewed from the circular layers, it is formed relatively flat in the circular layers compared to the annular layers.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 a method for manufacturing a curved molded article using 4D printing technology according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention is similarly disclosed in FIGS. 4 to 7 , but the flat output 340 and the curved shape of FIG. 16 .
  • the molded article (not shown in the drawing) is structurally different from the flat output 120 and the curved molded article 130 of FIGS. 4 to 7 .
  • the flat output 340 includes a lower annular pad 300, a metal wire part 320, and an upper annular pad 330 sequentially stacked on the workbench 10 of the 3D printer (60 in FIG. 1). ), while having a lower annular pad 300 and an upper annular pad 330 for inserting the metal conductive wire 320 using the plastic line 114 output through the heating nozzle 20, the lower In the annular pad 300 , the metal lead 320 with a recess 294 for receiving the annular body 314 of the metal lead 320 radially protrudes from the metal lead 320 toward the inside and outside of the annular body 314 .
  • the lower annular pad 300 and the upper annular pad 330 may have a tensile residual stress along a circumferential direction and a compressive residual stress along a radial direction in annular anisotropy.
  • the flat output 340 is transformed into a curved molded article by applying the 4D printing technology of FIG. 6 .
  • the curved molded article is based on a flat output 340 comprising a lower annular pad 300, a metal conductive wire part 320, and an upper annular pad 330 stacked sequentially, a flat output 340 6, the tensile residual stress and the compressive residual stress along the circumferential and radial directions of the lower or upper annular pad 300 or 330 are respectively relaxed during heat transfer of the heat supply device 145 of FIG.
  • a larger strain difference in the outer diameter versus the inner diameter of the lower or upper annular pad 300 or 330 the outer diameter side versus the inner diameter side towards the fixture 140 of FIG. 6 in the lower or upper annular pad 300 or 330 . to rise relatively obliquely, and is formed to be bent along the curvature between the lower annular pad 300 and the upper annular pad 330 in the metal conductive wire part 320 .
  • the curved molded article connects the lower annular pad 300 and the upper annular pad 330 around the metal conductive wire 320 while transferring the heat of the heat supplying device 140 to the flat output 340 .
  • the curved molded article may be used as an electrode matched to a peripheral shape in a wearable device.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de fabrication d'un article moulé incurvé à l'aide d'une technologie d'impression 4D selon la présente invention consiste : à utiliser une buse de chauffage dans une imprimante 3D de type à extrusion de matériau pour régler un trajet d'impression dans une direction circonférentielle sur un plan de travail de l'imprimante 3D, et à former un article imprimé plan en 2,5D sous la forme d'une courbe fermée ; à utiliser un dispositif d'alimentation en chaleur pour positionner l'article imprimé plan à l'intérieur du dispositif d'alimentation en chaleur et pour positionner, sur l'article imprimé plan, une fixation disposée dans le dispositif d'alimentation en chaleur et correspondant à une forme incurvée ; et dans un état dans lequel la température du dispositif d'alimentation en chaleur est maintenue au moins à la température de déformation à la chaleur de l'article imprimé plan, à induire une déviation de courbure de l'article imprimé plan vers la périphérie de la fixation tout en transférant la chaleur du dispositif d'alimentation en chaleur à l'article imprimé plan, et à former ainsi une partie incurvée en 3D selon une forme correspondant à la fixation.
PCT/KR2021/007179 2020-11-13 2021-06-08 Procédé de fabrication d'un article moulé incurvé à l'aide d'une technologie d'impression 4d WO2022102896A1 (fr)

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KR20200108524A (ko) * 2019-03-05 2020-09-21 서울과학기술대학교 산학협력단 열적 이방성 및 열변형을 이용한 4d 프린팅 방법 및 그 물품

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KR101885474B1 (ko) 2017-04-27 2018-08-03 숭실대학교산학협력단 듀얼 노즐을 사용하는 4d 프린팅 장치

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KR101749212B1 (ko) * 2016-04-18 2017-06-21 광주과학기술원 4d 프린팅 어셈블리 구조물
CN108945522A (zh) * 2018-06-20 2018-12-07 哈尔滨工业大学 具有蜂窝结构的自驱动重复锁紧释放机构及其4d打印制备方法和锁紧释放方法
US20200023569A1 (en) * 2018-07-20 2020-01-23 Valorbec Societe En Commandite Method and system for 4d printing of composites
CN109717991A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2019-05-07 国家康复辅具研究中心 具有形变调控功能的假肢接受腔及其4d打印成型方法
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