WO2022101062A1 - Élément de batterie, boîtier d'un tel élément de batterie, batterie dotée d'une pluralité d'éléments de batterie de ce type et procédé de fabrication d'un tel boîtier - Google Patents

Élément de batterie, boîtier d'un tel élément de batterie, batterie dotée d'une pluralité d'éléments de batterie de ce type et procédé de fabrication d'un tel boîtier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022101062A1
WO2022101062A1 PCT/EP2021/080456 EP2021080456W WO2022101062A1 WO 2022101062 A1 WO2022101062 A1 WO 2022101062A1 EP 2021080456 W EP2021080456 W EP 2021080456W WO 2022101062 A1 WO2022101062 A1 WO 2022101062A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
housing body
battery
metal
foil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/080456
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Berger
Jens Frohberg
Patrik Fanz
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Publication of WO2022101062A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022101062A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/222—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/224—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/231—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
    • B32B2439/40—Closed containers
    • B32B2439/62—Boxes, cartons, cases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/10—Batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Battery cell housing of such a battery cell, battery with a plurality of such battery cells and method for producing such a housing
  • the invention relates to a housing for a battery cell, in particular in the form of a lithium-ion cell, with a housing body based on aluminum or its alloys for accommodating the battery cell. Furthermore, the invention relates to a battery cell, in particular a lithium-ion cell, with a housing body based on aluminum or its alloys, which accommodates the battery cell. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a housing for a battery cell, in particular in the form of a lithium-ion cell, with a housing body based on aluminum or its alloys for accommodating the battery cell, and to a battery which at least comprises a cell composite of a plurality of battery cells of the aforementioned type.
  • Battery cells of the aforementioned type are known in various configurations, in particular in the form of rechargeable accumulator cells, and are used to store electrical energy in a large number of fields of application.
  • rechargeable lithium-ion cells have proven themselves, which are characterized by a high energy storage density and consequently also by a high volumetric energy density and a comparatively low weight as well as by a high cycle stability and low self-discharge.
  • Such battery cells include a housing based on aluminum or its alloys, which accommodates the actual battery cell, which usually includes two electrodes in the form of a cathode and an anode, which in the housing body with an electrolyte in elec- trically conductive connection and are usually protected from direct contact with one another by means of a separator.
  • a plurality of such battery cells can be connected electrically in series and/or in parallel to form a cell assembly and housed in a common outer housing.
  • the housing is often made of aluminum or its alloys, in which z.
  • Magnesium, silicon, manganese, copper, tin and zinc can be used, whereby aluminum is not only inexpensive, but also has a large number of advantageous properties.
  • Aluminum has a comparatively low specific density of only about 2.7 g/cm 3 , which results in a low weight of the housing and thus of the entire battery cell, which is particularly desirable for the use of such battery cells in electromobility.
  • aluminum has a high specific electrical conductivity and has proven to be highly corrosion-resistant to the chemical conditions of a battery cell, with the housing made of aluminum or its alloys being able to be electrically conductively connected to the cathode in order to keep it at the electrical potential of the cathode to keep .
  • aluminum and its alloys prove to be very easy to (re)form, so that the housing with a high aspect ratio and thin walls z. B. can be generated easily and quickly in a single production step, such as by means of extrusion methods, such as reverse extrusion or the like.
  • the range of applications for battery cells ranges from notebooks, laptops, cameras and other electrical and/or electronic devices to use as energy storage devices in electromobility, such as e.g. B. for driving hybrid or purely electric vehicles, e-bikes and the like.
  • the batteries used here can be formed from individual battery cells or, in particular, from a plurality of battery cells of the generic type, which are connected together in series and/or in parallel to form one or more cell assemblies.
  • the housing of battery cells can on the one hand be essentially solid or be dimensionally stable in order to protect the battery cell from external influences and, in particular, to ensure the mechanical stability of the battery cell in order to withstand different mechanical loads, such as shocks, vibrations and acceleration forces, without the housing deforming to a critical extent over the life of the battery cell.
  • Battery cells with such a dimensionally stable housing are therefore used in particular in the field of electromobility.
  • the housing of battery cells can comprise a flexible aluminum-based housing foil which is essentially welded to form a bag to form the housing.
  • Such battery cells are also referred to as "pouch cells" and find z. B. in electrical and/or electronic devices.
  • the response time for the thermal runaway can be reduced from a few seconds to fractions of a second, so the heat released cannot be dissipated within this short period of time. This often leads to the electrode stack being heated to red heat, with the housing based on aluminum or its alloys, which have a melting range of up to approximately 660° C., being able to melt almost completely.
  • high-energy pouch cells of the aforementioned type Liquid metal, hot gases and components of the electrode stack are see runaway are consequently released in an uncontrolled manner and, in the case of a battery with a cell assembly made up of a plurality of battery cells, are discharged to neighboring battery cells, which usually leads to events which drive other battery cells or the entire cell assembly into a "thermal runaway". This chain reaction can lead to the complete destruction of an entire cell assembly and to a significant hazard to people and objects in the vicinity, especially since the evaporating electrolyte causes overpressure in the housing of the battery cell or the cell assembly made up of several battery cells.
  • Relief systems are used to release the hot gases and vapors generated during a thermal runaway, which can also carry electrode components and molten metal out of the battery cell, in a controlled manner include the like, to which (s) the outside of the battery cell is connected to a derivation and which (s) should serve in the thermal runaway of the battery cell for a rapid discharge of hot gases and vapors from the battery cell via the derivation.
  • the housing of the battery cell here comprises a first, second and third material layer, the first and second material layer being formed from a metallic material, in particular based on aluminum, copper or stainless steel, and between them the third material layer made from an electrically insulating material, in particular in the form of a ceramic material.
  • a laminated structure consisting of at least three layers of material proves to be complex and expensive, particularly in terms of manufacturing technology.
  • the ceramic intermediate layer proves to be only partially resistant to mechanical loads, such as impacts and vibrations, to which it is constantly exposed, particularly when used in vehicles.
  • DE 10 2014 201 856 A1 discloses a housing for a battery cell which has a housing body made of aluminum or aluminum alloys and a Bende special housing made of an electrically insulating material, in particular in the form of a hot-melt plastic fes, includes. While the electrically insulating special housing serves to avoid having to take any further insulation measures for the usual interconnection of battery cells to form a cell assembly, the housing body is equipped with a safety valve to prevent thermal runaway of the battery cell, which is connected to a connection terminal in order to to derive thermal runaway generated gases from the battery cell.
  • DE 10 2014 214 810 A1 discloses another dimensionally stable housing for a battery cell with a laminated structure made up of a plurality of layers, which include a plurality of composite layers and at least one diffusion barrier layer and at least one reinforcement layer. While the composite layers include a plastic in the form of a thermoplastic or a duroplastic, the diffusion barrier layer consists of metallic materials, in particular aluminum, manganese, chromium or tungsten.
  • the reinforcement layer of the housing is made of paper or cardboard and sealed with a thermosetting potting material such as e.g. B. Resins, silicones or adhesives impregnated.
  • the battery housing offers no protection whatsoever against thermal runaway and, with regard to its multi-layer structure, has proven to be relatively complicated and expensive.
  • DE 10 2013 200 700 A1 discloses a housing for a battery cell which consists of an aluminum foam and is provided with insulation at least on the outside in order to ensure the required gas and liquid tightness of the aluminum foam.
  • the insulation can be designed in the form of a panel applied to the aluminum foam, a paint or a plastic film, but does not offer any protection against thermal runaway of the battery cell.
  • DE 10 2014 005 980 A1 describes a battery and an associated battery housing, which serves to accommodate conventional battery cells of the battery, which are in particular interconnected to form a cell assembly.
  • the battery casing has an aluminum-based wall and is provided with a total or partial sheathing and/or lining made of steel, in particular with a thickness between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, in order to prevent thermal runaway of the battery.
  • a chain reaction occurs here too, as a result of which there is a risk that the entire cell assembly of the battery cells will suffer such a "thermal runaway", although it appears extremely questionable whether the battery housing can withstand such thermal, chemical and mechanical stress.
  • the invention is based on the object of further developing a battery cell, a housing of such a battery cell and at least one cell assembly comprising a plurality of such battery cells of the type mentioned initially while at least largely avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages in a simple and cost-effective manner such that the effects one Thermal runaway ("thermal runaway") can be reduced and in particular it can be prevented that in the event of a thermal runaway of the battery cell neighboring battery cells of a cell assembly of the battery are affected and in turn suffer a thermal runaway. It is also aimed at a method for producing such a housing for a battery cell, which in particular ensures simple and cost-effective mass production.
  • the first part of this task is in a battery cell of the type mentioned or. in a housing of such a battery cell according to the invention in that the housing body is surrounded on the outside at least in regions by a foil made of metal or metal composite with a melting point of at least 1200 ° C and a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, which in the event of a thermal runaway ( thermal runaway) of the battery cell is gas-tight.
  • the invention also provides a battery which comprises at least one cell assembly made up of a plurality of such battery cells.
  • the invention to solve this problem in a method for producing a housing for a battery cell of the type mentioned at the outset also provides that a foil made of metal or metal composite with a melting point of at least 1200 ° C and a Thickness of 10 pm to 150 pm is applied, which is gas-tight in the event of a thermal runaway (thermal runaway) of the battery cell.
  • the thin film of metal or metal composite according to the invention is able to withstand the high thermal and/or chemical stress, which acts on the housing of the battery cell more or less spontaneously, but over a relatively short period of time, in the event of a thermal runaway of the battery cell, so that a contamination of the environment is therefore largely avoided and the risk of fire with the battery cell according to the invention or with a cell assembly or. -stack provided with a plurality of such battery cells battery is significantly reduced.
  • the housing of the battery cell according to the invention which can be made up of just the aluminum-based housing body and the metal or metal composite foil surrounding it on the outside, proves to be not only extremely simple and cost-effective compared to the laminate-type designs of the housing according to the state of the art described at the outset Technology, but has a very low weight, which is due to the inventive Pertinent film of metal or metal composite of small thickness is practically not increased, so that battery cells according to the invention or. offers batteries equipped with this to a particular extent - although not exclusively - for use in electromobility, where the total weight of the vehicle should be kept as low as possible for economic and environmental reasons.
  • the foil made of metal or metal composite has a thickness between approximately 10 ⁇ m and approximately 125 ⁇ m, in particular between approximately 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, preferably between approximately 10 ⁇ m and approximately 75 ⁇ m, for example between approximately 10 ⁇ m and about 60 pm, has .
  • a foil made of metal or metal composite with a thickness between about 10 ⁇ m and about 125 ⁇ m, in particular between about 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, preferably between about 10 ⁇ m and about 75 ⁇ m, for example between about 10 pm and about 60 pm, is used.
  • the foil made of metal or metal composite can in principle be made of any metal or metal composite material which has a sufficient melting point of at least about 1200.degree.
  • such metal or metal composite materials can have a density of at least approximately 5 g/cm 3 , in particular at least approximately 6 g/cm 3 , preferably at least approximately 7 g/cm 3 and most preferably at least approximately 7.5 g/cm 3 . cm 3 .
  • the foil made of metal or metal composite can be formed by a metal foil made of steel or stainless steel, which z. B. May contain alloying elements in the form of nickel, zinc, titanium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and the like.
  • the foil can be metal or metal composite e.g. B. also be formed by a metal composite film, such as in the form of a metal fiber composite film, in which the metal component is embedded in fiber form in a high-temperature-resistant plastic matrix.
  • the foil made of metal or metal composite is laminated onto the housing body.
  • the housing body is firmly connected to the foil made of metal or metal composite essentially over its entire surface, which optimizes the electrical and also the thermal conductivity (e.g. for the purpose of cooling the battery cell during operation) between the aforementioned housing components will .
  • the foil made of metal or metal composite is laminated onto a flat blank of the housing body, after which the flat blank of the housing body provided with the laminated foil made of metal or metal composite is formed into the housing.
  • any technique known as such from the prior art can be used for laminating the foil made of metal or metal composite onto the housing body, such as hot or cold lamination processes, with z.
  • an adhesive applied to one side of the foil made of metal or metal composite or a hardenable resin is able to produce a material connection between the housing body and the foil made of metal or metal composite.
  • the foil made of metal or metal composite can be laminated onto the flat blank of the housing body, for example by means of roll cladding, electrolytic coating, flame spraying or the like.
  • the one with the laminated foil made of metal tall or metal composite provided blank of the housing body can then z. B. be formed into the housing by deep drawing.
  • the foil made of metal or metal composite is first preformed into a foil section corresponding to the bottom surface of the housing body and into a foil section corresponding to the lateral surface of the housing body, the foil sections z. B. cut by cutting, stamping, laser cutting, water jet cutting or the like and in particular the film section corresponding to the lateral surface of the housing body is prefolded according to the lateral surface and welded to form a hollow body.
  • the film section corresponding to the lateral surface of the housing body may be produced from an endless tube of metal or metal composite film by cutting the endless tube to length for the respective film section and prefolding it in accordance with the lateral surface of the housing body. Then or the foil section corresponding to the bottom surface of the housing body and/or the foil section corresponding to the lateral surface of the housing body are inserted into an extrusion die, after which a blank of the housing body based on aluminum or its alloys is pressed by means of a stamp into the foil section corresponding to the bottom surface of the housing body and /or is formed with the extrusion die equipped with the film section corresponding to the lateral surface of the housing body.
  • the housing body is connected firmly and essentially over the entire surface to the metal foil. tall or metal composite to form the housing of the invention.
  • the mutually facing edge sections of the film section corresponding to the bottom surface of the housing body and the film section corresponding to the lateral surface of the housing body can be welded together in a gas-tight manner before they are placed in the extrusion die or after the extrusion of the housing body.
  • the film section corresponding to the lateral surface of the housing body is inserted into the extrusion tool, after which the blank of the housing body is formed by means of the stamp into the extrusion tool equipped with the film section corresponding to the lateral surface of the housing body will .
  • the film section corresponding to the bottom surface of the housing body can be placed on the bottom of the housing body or preferably also, e.g. B. in the manner described above, after which the facing edge sections of the film section corresponding to the bottom surface of the housing body and the film section corresponding to the lateral surface of the housing body - i.e. after extrusion of the housing body - are welded together in a gas-tight manner.
  • any techniques known as such from the prior art can be used for welding the mutually facing edge sections of the film sections for the base and the lateral surface of the housing body, such as laser welding or soldering, resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) , Metal inert gas welding (MSG) , such as e.g. B. Metal welding with inert gases (MIG) or metal welding with active or reactive gases (MAG), and the like.
  • the foil made of metal or metal composite is folded around the housing body, with the edge sections of the folded foil made of metal or metal composite facing one another being gas-tight are welded together.
  • the prefabricated housing body of the battery cell is held by the foil made of metal or metal composite that is folded and welded around it in the manner of a shell, whereby the foil made of metal or metal composite does not necessarily have to be additionally connected to the housing body, but the latter also loosely into the can be plugged into a sheath formed film.
  • the foil made of metal or metal composite is folded at least according to the bottom and the lateral surface of the housing body, after which the facing edge sections of the folded foil made of metal or metal composite are welded together in a gas-tight manner. While the latter in turn can be done using any techniques known as such, as some are listed above as examples, the foil made of metal or metal composite can in this case z.
  • a blank is produced, for example by means of cutting, stamping, laser cutting, water jet cutting or other known cutting methods.
  • the blank can then be folded according to the bottom and the lateral surface of the housing body of the battery cell, it being either folded around the housing body or pre-folded in a separate operation along corresponding fold lines, e.g. B. by means of a folding or bending machine, after which the housing body in this way formed film envelope can be inserted.
  • the mutually facing edge sections of the folded foil made of metal or metal composite are finally welded together in a gas-tight manner to form the finished housing of the battery cell made up of the housing body and the foil made of metal or metal composite.
  • the housing body of the battery cell according to the invention can be, on the one hand, a flexible aluminum-based housing film of a pouch cell, which is essentially surrounded over its entire surface by the metal or metal composite film.
  • a flexible aluminum-based housing film of a pouch cell which is essentially surrounded over its entire surface by the metal or metal composite film.
  • the material of the flexible aluminum-based housing film of the pouch cell as is known as such from the prior art, it can be in the usual way, e.g. B. be an aluminum foil or an aluminum-plastic composite foil.
  • the housing body of the battery cell according to the invention can in particular be a dimensionally stable housing body based on aluminum or aluminum foam, which is surrounded at least on the casing side and bottom by the metal or metal composite foil.
  • such battery cells can be interconnected in particular in series and/or in parallel to form a cell assembly, as is widely used in many areas of application, such as in electromobility.
  • the housing body of the battery cell according to the invention is a dimensionally stable housing body, which is made of aluminum or its alloys, including foams produced therefrom, it can also be provided in an advantageous embodiment that the housing body has a cover, which z. B.
  • the cover can itself be made of aluminum or its alloys and, for example, also be provided with a metal foil according to the invention on the outside, or the cover can also be made of high-temperature-resistant materials such as steel, stainless steel and the like.
  • the housing can expediently have a safety valve designed to discharge gases generated in the event of a thermal runaway of the battery cell, for example in the form of a pressure relief valve, a bursting disk or membrane or the like.
  • the safety valve(s) can be arranged on the housing body itself or—if present—preferably on the cover that closes it.
  • Such a safety valve makes it possible to discharge the gases, vapors and molten solids generated in the event of a thermal runaway of the battery cell from the battery cell and in particular also from a cell assembly of a battery with a plurality of such battery cells in such a way that the respective neighboring battery cells as little as possible are thermally and/or chemically stressed and do not in turn thermally run away.
  • a chain reaction ("propagation") and the associated risk of fire can consequently be prevented or at least significantly reduced.
  • the foil made of metal or metal composite according to the invention also ensures that the hot gases and vapors can only escape via the open safety valve, whereas failure of the housing body, which led to uncontrolled blowing off of the battery cell, is prevented by the foil made of metal or metal composite .
  • the safety valves of the battery cells can in particular open into one or more discharge lines of a venting system, so that in the event of a thermal runaway of one or more battery cells in the cell group, the remaining battery cells remain intact and the risk of a fire in the environment, such as in a motor vehicle equipped with such a battery, is minimized.
  • the battery cells of the cell assembly have safety valves designed to discharge gases generated in the event of a thermal runaway of a respective battery cell, the safety valves of the battery cells being connected to one or more duct(s) of a blow-off system.
  • the one or more discharge line(s) of the blow-off system advantageously lead out of a battery housing of the battery accommodating the cell assembly, in order to minimize the risk of damage to the other battery cells of the cell assembly, with the environment outside the battery housing of the battery only containing that from the damaged one Battery cell leaked gases is exposed.
  • the battery case additionally at least partially covered by a further film of metal or metal composite with a melting point of at least 1200 ° C and a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m .
  • a further film of metal or metal composite with a melting point of at least 1200 ° C and a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m .
  • the housing body of a respective battery cell is produced as a dimensionally stable housing body based on aluminum or aluminum foam and closed with a cover, which in particular is equipped with a )
  • the battery cell generated gases is provided trained safety valve.
  • the safety valve(s) it is also conceivable for the safety valve(s) to be arranged on the housing body, in which case the foil made of metal or metal composite according to the invention can expediently be provided with a corresponding recess.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a Embodiment of a foil made of metal or metal composite prefolded at least according to the bottom and lateral surface of a housing body of a battery cell (also not illustrated; cf. FIGS. 4 and 5) to form a foil sleeve;
  • Fig. 2 shows a plan view of a blank of the metal or metal composite foil from which the foil sleeve according to FIG. 1 has been prefolded;
  • Fig. 3 shows a highly schematic view to illustrate the production of a housing body of a battery cell based on aluminum with a foil made of metal or metal composite laminated thereon by means of the reverse extrusion process;
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a battery with a plurality of battery cells according to the invention, the safety valves of which open into a common discharge line which opens out of the battery housing;
  • FIGS. 4 Corresponding schematic sectional view of a battery with a plurality of battery cells according to the invention, the safety valves of which each open into a separate discharge line which opens out of the battery housing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a foil 1 made of metal or a metal composite that has been pre-folded to form a foil sleeve, which in the present case is a stainless steel foil of the type "1.4404" with a thickness of 50 m, a density of 7.95 g/cm 3 and a melting point of about 1450 ° C and which is provided for a commercially available battery cell with a dimensionally stable aluminum-based housing body, which is well known to the person skilled in the art, in particular in the form of rechargeable lithium-ion cells and therefore no further explanation is required.
  • the film cover has been pre-folded from a blank of the film 1, as shown in an example in FIG. 2, in which the possible fold lines are indicated by dashed lines.
  • the mutually facing edges of the film 1 forming the film casing have also been welded to one another in a gas-tight manner.
  • the foil cover is able to essentially completely surround the housing body (not shown) of the battery cell both on the bottom and on the casing side, in order to form the battery cell housing consisting of the housing body on the one hand and the foil cover on the other.
  • the film sleeve also extends beyond that shown in FIG. 1 upper end face of the housing body of the battery cell or via a lid of the same (not shown), which has also been achieved by folding the foil 1 along the corresponding folding lines.
  • the film 1 is provided with a first cutout 2 on the one hand, which serves to contact the electrodes of the battery cell, and on the other hand with a second cutout 3, which is used to release a safety valve (e.g.
  • a pressure relief valve in the form of a pressure relief valve, a bursting disc, a bursting membrane or the like; also not shown
  • the safety valve serves to relieve the housing in a targeted manner via the safety valve, which then opens, in the event of a thermal runaway of the battery cell, and the resulting hot gases and vapors, in particular, in an externally the safety valve to be able to discharge the subsequent discharge in a controlled manner.
  • the fig . 3 shows a highly schematic view to illustrate the production of a dimensionally stable housing body 4 of an aluminum-based battery cell with a foil 1 made of metal or metal composite laminated thereon by means of the reverse extrusion process, whereby the foil 1 can, for example, again be such a as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 is described.
  • a film section la corresponding to the lateral surface of the housing body 4 can be inserted into an extrusion die, not shown in the drawing, the film section la having been pre-folded in the present case in accordance with the lateral surface of the housing body 4 and its mutually facing longitudinal edges welded in a gas-tight manner are .
  • a blank (not shown) of the housing body 4 is then formed by means of a stamp (also not shown) into the extrusion tool equipped with the film section la corresponding to the lateral surface of the housing body 4, with the film section la being laminated onto the housing body 4 produced in this way.
  • the housing body 4 provided with the film section la on the jacket side can then be removed from the extrusion tool, after which a film section lb corresponding to the bottom surface of the housing body 4 is applied to the bottom of the housing body 4 and the mutually facing edge sections of the film section lb corresponding to the bottom surface of the housing body 4 and of the the lateral surface of the housing body 4 corresponding film section la are welded together gas-tight to form the housing of the battery cell.
  • the housing which is open at the top, can equipped with the electrodes, the electrolyte and the separator and closed with a cover (not shown), which in turn can preferably be equipped with a safety valve, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 is explained.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a battery provided overall with the reference number 20 in a schematic cross-sectional view, which comprises a cell assembly made up of a plurality of battery cells 10 in the form of a stack, which each have a battery shown in FIG. 4 film sleeve not shown again in detail, z. B. corresponding to that of FIG. 1 and 2 and housed in a battery case 21 .
  • Each battery cell 10 has at its in FIG. 4 upper side for discharging in the event of a thermal runaway (thermal runaway) of a respective battery cell 10 generated gases safety valve 11, z. B.
  • the safety valves 11 of the battery cells 10 of the cell assembly opening into a common discharge line 12 of a blow-off system, which is arranged inside the battery housing 21 .
  • the discharge line 12 of the blow-off system exits from the rear side of the battery housing 21 in the plane of the drawing in order to discharge the resulting gases to the environment in the event of a thermal runaway of one or more of the individual battery cells 10 and to prevent damage to neighboring battery cells 10 .
  • the entire cell assembly made up of the plurality of battery cells 10 or groups of battery cells in the cell assembly can also be covered at least in some areas by a further foil made of metal or metal composite with a melting point of at least about 1200 °C and a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m to about 150pm to be surrounded, such as B. also with a film as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 is described. The same applies to the battery housing 21 .
  • FIG. 5 illustrated embodiment of a battery 20 differs from that according to FIG. 4 primarily in that the safety valve 11 of a respective battery cell 10 opens into a separate discharge line 13 of the blow-off system, which in turn is arranged inside the battery housing 21 .
  • the discharge lines 13 of the blow-off system also open out of the battery housing 21 in order to discharge the gases produced in the event of a thermal runaway of one or more of the individual battery cells 10 to the environment and to prevent damage to neighboring battery cells 10 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un boîtier pour élément de batterie, en particulier sous forme de pile lithium-ion rechargeable, comportant un corps de boîtier à base d'aluminium ou de ses alliages, destiné à loger l'élément de batterie. L'invention vise à assurer de manière simple et économique une protection de l'environnement vis-à-vis des gaz chauds formés ainsi qu'à réduire le risque d'incendie, en cas d'emballement thermique (« thermal runaway ») de l'élément de batterie, sans augmenter de manière significative le poids de l'élément de batterie. A cet effet, selon l'invention le corps de boîtier est entouré côté extérieur, au moins par endroits, par une feuille en métal ou en composite métallique ayant un point de fusion d'au moins 1200°C et une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 150 µm, laquelle elle étanche aux gaz en cas d'emballement thermique de l'élément de batterie. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de fabrication d'un tel boîtier ainsi qu'un élément de batterie muni d'un tel boîtier et une batterie, qui comprend un bloc d'éléments de batterie composé d'une pluralité d'éléments de batterie de ce type.
PCT/EP2021/080456 2020-11-11 2021-11-03 Élément de batterie, boîtier d'un tel élément de batterie, batterie dotée d'une pluralité d'éléments de batterie de ce type et procédé de fabrication d'un tel boîtier WO2022101062A1 (fr)

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DE102020129734.3A DE102020129734A1 (de) 2020-11-11 2020-11-11 Batteriezelle, Gehäuse einer solchen Batteriezelle und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE102020129734.3 2020-11-11

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DE102022120549A1 (de) 2022-08-15 2024-02-15 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Batterie mit einem Gehäuse und einer elektrisch isolierenden Umhüllung
DE102022124093A1 (de) * 2022-09-20 2024-03-21 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Herstellung einer Batterie mit Gehäuse
DE102022212333A1 (de) 2022-11-18 2024-05-23 Aft Automotive Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Zellgehäuses für eine prismatische Batteriezelle einer Traktionsbatterie eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Zellgehäuseanordnung sowie Zellgehäuse und Zellgehäuseanordnung

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EP0899799A2 (fr) * 1997-08-29 1999-03-03 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Boítier pour accumulateur
US20110210954A1 (en) * 2010-03-01 2011-09-01 Apple Inc. Integrated frame battery cell
DE102012223551A1 (de) 2012-12-18 2014-06-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mehrschichtiges Gehäuse für eine Batteriezelle
DE102013200700A1 (de) 2013-01-18 2014-07-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gehäuse für eine Batteriezelle, Batterie und Kraftfahrzeug
DE102014005980A1 (de) 2014-04-24 2014-11-06 Daimler Ag Batteriegehäuse sowie Batterie mit dem Batteriegehäuse
DE102014201856A1 (de) 2014-02-03 2015-08-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sondergehäuse für Batteriezellen
DE102014214810A1 (de) 2014-07-29 2016-02-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gehäuse für eine Batteriezelle
DE102014225462A1 (de) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gehäuse mit erhöhter Verformbarkeit
DE102017008838A1 (de) * 2017-09-21 2018-03-01 Daimler Ag Batteriezelle, insbesondere Pouch-Zelle, für eine Batterie, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, sowie Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Temperatur einer Batteriezelle
WO2018083052A1 (fr) * 2016-11-04 2018-05-11 Schuler Pressen Gmbh Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un contenant prismatique d'éléments de batterie
EP3442052A1 (fr) * 2017-06-07 2019-02-13 LG Chem, Ltd. Élément de batterie à réinjection d'électrolyte, bloc-batterie, système de réinjection d'électrolyte pour bloc-batterie et procédé de réinjection d'électrolyte pour bloc-batterie
EP3557651A2 (fr) * 2017-03-03 2019-10-23 LG Chem, Ltd. Cartouche et module de batterie la comprenant

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0899799A2 (fr) * 1997-08-29 1999-03-03 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Boítier pour accumulateur
US20110210954A1 (en) * 2010-03-01 2011-09-01 Apple Inc. Integrated frame battery cell
DE102012223551A1 (de) 2012-12-18 2014-06-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mehrschichtiges Gehäuse für eine Batteriezelle
DE102013200700A1 (de) 2013-01-18 2014-07-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gehäuse für eine Batteriezelle, Batterie und Kraftfahrzeug
DE102014201856A1 (de) 2014-02-03 2015-08-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sondergehäuse für Batteriezellen
DE102014005980A1 (de) 2014-04-24 2014-11-06 Daimler Ag Batteriegehäuse sowie Batterie mit dem Batteriegehäuse
DE102014214810A1 (de) 2014-07-29 2016-02-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gehäuse für eine Batteriezelle
DE102014225462A1 (de) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gehäuse mit erhöhter Verformbarkeit
WO2018083052A1 (fr) * 2016-11-04 2018-05-11 Schuler Pressen Gmbh Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un contenant prismatique d'éléments de batterie
EP3557651A2 (fr) * 2017-03-03 2019-10-23 LG Chem, Ltd. Cartouche et module de batterie la comprenant
EP3442052A1 (fr) * 2017-06-07 2019-02-13 LG Chem, Ltd. Élément de batterie à réinjection d'électrolyte, bloc-batterie, système de réinjection d'électrolyte pour bloc-batterie et procédé de réinjection d'électrolyte pour bloc-batterie
DE102017008838A1 (de) * 2017-09-21 2018-03-01 Daimler Ag Batteriezelle, insbesondere Pouch-Zelle, für eine Batterie, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, sowie Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Temperatur einer Batteriezelle

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