WO2022100214A1 - 复合超导带材、组合体及制备方法、接头连接或过渡方法 - Google Patents

复合超导带材、组合体及制备方法、接头连接或过渡方法 Download PDF

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WO2022100214A1
WO2022100214A1 PCT/CN2021/115523 CN2021115523W WO2022100214A1 WO 2022100214 A1 WO2022100214 A1 WO 2022100214A1 CN 2021115523 W CN2021115523 W CN 2021115523W WO 2022100214 A1 WO2022100214 A1 WO 2022100214A1
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superconducting
tape
conductivity
tapes
superconducting tape
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PCT/CN2021/115523
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李小汾
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上海交通大学
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Priority to EP21890742.6A priority Critical patent/EP4191615A4/en
Publication of WO2022100214A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022100214A1/zh
Priority to US18/179,068 priority patent/US20230207156A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/0036—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/68—Connections to or between superconductive connectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for engaging or disengaging the two parts of a coupling device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/20—Permanent superconducting devices
    • H10N60/203—Permanent superconducting devices comprising high-Tc ceramic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/80—Constructional details
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of superconducting tapes, in particular to a double-sided conductive composite superconducting tape, an assembly, a preparation method, a joint connection or a transition method.
  • High conductivity metal protective layer (high conductivity layer 102), base alloy layer (low conductivity base strip 103) and insulating transition layer (high resistance layer 104).
  • the actual thickness is on the order of 0.1mm and the width is on the order of 4-10mm.
  • the metal protective layer 102 with high electrical conductivity may be the single-sided covering structure shown in FIG. 1a or the double-sided covering structure shown in FIG. There is little difference from the point of view of the conductive path.
  • the presence of the high-resistance layer 104 divides the strip into an upper half (the superconducting surface) and a lower half.
  • the superconducting coating plays the most important current conduction role, while the metal protective layer 102 in the upper half plays the role of current introduction, current distribution, and abnormal operation. shunting in the state, etc.
  • the material of the lower half is substantially not involved in the conduction of the current and the distribution between the strips.
  • the application of superconductors is inseparable from the combination of multiple basic units (such as low temperature superconducting wires and high temperature superconducting tapes in this patent) to form cables (or called Cables, conductors, etc., i.e. strand, cable, conductor).
  • cables or called Cables, conductors, etc., i.e. strand, cable, conductor.
  • rare earth barium copper oxide high temperature superconducting tapes are resistant to high magnetic fields at high operating temperatures, but also face high resistance layer 104 tapes. The diversion problem to come.
  • the main difficulty is that in other superconducting wires, the superconducting part is surrounded by a grid (Matrix) formed by a metal (copper or silver) with excellent electrical conductivity, and the current can easily flow from the superconducting path to other surrounding wires in any direction.
  • Superconducting path distribution, and the structures in Figures 1a and 1b are also the current mainstream structures of rare earth barium copper oxide high temperature superconducting conductors.
  • the current in the superconducting path is substantially distributed in only one direction, that is, to the surface protection layer. For two strips, they can be combined face to face with each other, and the current distribution effect is very good.
  • the current distribution is relatively Difficulty, even for double-sided covered conductors Figure 1b.
  • the current distribution in the back direction mainly relies on the narrow passage of the high-conductivity layer 102 at the edges of the strip (ie the left and right sides in Figs. 1a and 1b).
  • the distribution of current between coated superconducting tapes has always been a difficult problem, and this problem has become more serious in the current practical stage of large-scale magnets.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite superconducting tape, an assembly, a preparation method, a joint connection or a transition method.
  • a composite superconducting tape provided according to the present invention includes a plurality of superconducting tapes and conductor tapes, and the superconducting tapes include: a first superconducting tape 100, a second superconducting tape 300;
  • the conductor strip includes: a first high-conductivity strip 200 and a second high-conductivity strip 400;
  • the first superconducting tape 100 includes a first superconducting layer 101
  • the second superconducting tape 300 includes a second superconducting layer 301
  • the first superconducting tape 100 is close to the first superconducting layer
  • One side of the layer 101 and the side of the second superconducting tape 300 close to the second superconducting layer 301 are connected face-to-face along the length direction;
  • the first superconducting tape 100 and the second superconducting tape 300 are misaligned by a predetermined width in the width direction, so that the first superconducting tape 100 and the second superconducting tape 300
  • the connecting surfaces of each have a spare part
  • the first high-conductivity tape 200 is connected to the spare part of the second superconducting tape 300 on the side, and the second high-conductivity tape 400 is connected to the spare part of the first superconducting tape 100 .
  • the first superconducting tape 100 further includes a first high-conductivity layer 102 and a first low-conductivity base tape 103, and the first high-conductivity layer 102 and the first low-conductivity base tape 103 jointly circumferentially wrap the the first superconducting layer 101;
  • the second superconducting tape 300 further includes a second high-conductivity layer 302 and a second low-conductivity base tape 303, and the second high-conductivity layer 302 and the second low-conductivity base tape 303 together circumferentially wrap the second Superconducting layer 301 .
  • the first high-conductivity tape 200 and the second high-conductivity tape 400 are respectively connected to the second superconducting tape 300 and the first superconducting tape by welding or metal thermocompression bonding. 100 on.
  • the first high-conductivity tape 200 and the second high-conductivity tape 400 comprise red copper tapes.
  • An assembly of composite superconducting tapes provided according to the present invention includes a plurality of the above-mentioned composite superconducting tapes;
  • Pairs of the composite superconducting tapes are mirror-symmetrical, and are stacked and connected to each other.
  • a plurality of the composite superconducting tapes are stacked and connected to each other by welding, metal crimping or outer frame fixing.
  • the method includes: assembling a plurality of composite superconducting tapes according to claim 1, or assembling a plurality of superconducting tapes and conductor tapes together
  • the composite material directly constitutes the composite superconducting tape described in claim 5 .
  • a plurality of the superconducting strips and the conductor strips are stacked and connected to each other by welding, metal crimping or fixing with an outer frame.
  • the execution includes:
  • Step 1 find the defect position of the composite superconducting tape, and select two positions in the length direction of the composite superconducting tape, so that the defect position is located between the two positions;
  • Step 2 In the composite superconducting tape, replace the corresponding portion of the first high-conductivity tape 200 and/or the second high-conductivity tape 400 between the two positions with superconducting Narrow band.
  • the execution includes:
  • Step 1 Find the defect positions of the composite superconducting tape assembly, and select two positions in the length direction of the composite superconducting tape assembly, so that the defect positions are located at the two positions between;
  • Step 2 In the composite superconducting tape assembly, place the corresponding portion of the first high-conductivity tape 200 and/or the second high-conductivity tape 400 between the two positions Replaced with superconducting narrow band.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • An important application field of the present invention is to use multiple strands of superconducting tape in parallel as the basic unit for winding large-scale magnets: superconducting cables, or superconducting conductors.
  • superconducting cables or superconducting conductors.
  • current exchange between individual conductors is relatively difficult due to the special structure of rare earth barium copper oxide superconducting tapes.
  • the commutation between conductors is of great significance to the full utilization of materials and the electrical and thermal stability of the conductors and other key properties, and is currently the focus of the industry.
  • the invention improves the low-resistance loop between the strips from a narrow channel only on the edge to a large channel with a wide surface through the staggered distribution structure on both sides, which can obviously improve the shunting condition.
  • the superconducting layer is basically located in the mechanical symmetry center plane of the structure, the mechanical influence of the mechanical deformation such as the bending of the strip on the superconducting coating is neutralized, and the mechanical properties of the superconducting strip will be significantly improved.
  • the present invention can ignore the production length limitation of a single superconducting tape, add joints where needed, greatly improve the high price problem caused by the yield of the superconducting tape, and reduce the length of the continuous superconducting tape. Extending to any length, compared with ordinary strip joints, this joint does not face the problem of changes in thickness and mechanical properties.
  • Figures 1a and 1b are schematic diagrams of the structure of a conventional multi-layer composite strip conductor, respectively;
  • Figures 2a and 2b are schematic structural diagrams of two double-sided conductive composite superconducting tapes, respectively;
  • Figure 2c is a schematic structural diagram of the assembly
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite superconducting tape with double-sided conduction
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the joint.
  • a double-sided conductive composite superconducting tape provided by the present invention includes a plurality of superconducting tapes, as shown in Figures 2a and 2b.
  • two superconducting tapes are used as an example: the first superconducting tape The conductive tape 100 and the second superconducting tape 300 .
  • the first superconducting tape 100 includes a first superconducting layer 101
  • the second superconducting tape 300 includes a second superconducting layer 301
  • the first superconducting tape 100 is close to the first superconducting layer 101 .
  • One side of the second superconducting tape 300 and the side of the second superconducting tape 300 close to the second superconducting layer 301 are connected face-to-face along the length direction.
  • the first superconducting tape 100 and the second superconducting tape 300 are misaligned by a predetermined width in the width direction.
  • the first high-conductivity tape 200 is connected to the vacant portion on the side of the second superconducting tape 300
  • the second high-conductivity tape 400 is connected to the vacant portion on the side of the first superconducting tape 100 .
  • the first superconducting tape 100 further includes a first high-conductivity layer 102 and a first low-conductivity base tape 103 , and the first high-conductivity layer 102 and the first low-conductivity base tape 103 jointly wrap the first superconducting layer 101 circumferentially.
  • the second superconducting tape 300 further includes a second high-conductivity layer 302 and a second low-conductivity base tape 303 , which together circumferentially wrap the second superconducting layer 301 .
  • the first high-conductivity tape 200 and the second high-conductivity tape 400 are respectively connected to the second superconducting tape 300 and the first superconducting tape 100 by welding or metal thermocompression bonding.
  • the first high-conductivity tape 200 and the second high-conductivity tape 400 include conventional conductor tapes (preferably red copper tapes) with electrical conductivity between the low-conductivity base tape and the superconducting layer.
  • Four strips are connected into a monolithic structure.
  • the width ratio of the superconducting tape and the high-conductivity tape can be selected relatively freely, and the ratio in FIG. 3 is 1:2 (metal:superconducting).
  • the double-sided tape has a large metal contact surface. Considering the proportion of the object, the current distribution path resistance is reduced by one to two orders of magnitude in this form.
  • the path looks complicated, but is actually a low-resistance path: the arrows on the path all represent vertical paths, each arrow corresponds to a large contact surface and a short resistance path, while the current In the horizontal direction, it needs to go through two superconducting layers of 101 and 701 for distribution, and the resistance can be ignored.
  • Such a combination can be formed by first combining ordinary strips into double-sided strips, and then simply stacking, stacking, pressing, welding, metal crimping, or fixing with external frames such as metal grooves, or directly Skip the double-sided tape construction and directly combine the double-sided tape with the high-conductivity tape (or even remove the high-conductivity tape).
  • several layers of metal strips can be added between the strips as required, the proportion of superconductors can be changed, and so on.
  • double-sided tape structure of the present invention is used for interwoven structures such as cables and CORC conductors, two double-sided tapes with mirror symmetry are not required, and the effect of sufficient commutation can also be achieved.
  • Another advantage of double-sided tape is that joints can be added without affecting the thickness of the tape, without changing the direction and mechanical properties of the flow surface of the tape, as shown in Figure 5, assuming one of the double-sided tapes, namely The first superconducting tape 100 in the figure has a defect at location 901, a current low point or even a break in the tape. Then the position 902 and the position 903 can be selected according to the actual situation, and one or both of the first high-conductivity strip 200 and the second high-conductivity strip 400 can be replaced with the superconducting narrow strip 904 between the positions 902 and 903 .
  • the conductive tape 904 is partially or fully dispensed and reflows back into the first superconducting tape 100 after the second half of the joint bypasses the defect.
  • the joints have little difference from the joints that do not exist in thickness, mechanical properties, and strip direction.
  • the present invention also provides two methods of joint connection or transition:
  • Step 1 Two positions (position 902 and position 903) are selected in the length direction of the superconducting tape, and the defect position 901 is located on the superconducting tape section formed between the two positions.
  • Step 2 In the superconducting tape section, a superconducting narrow tape 904 is arranged on the spare portion of the second superconducting tape 300 and/or the spare portion of the first superconducting tape 100 .
  • Step 1 Two positions (position 902 and position 903) are selected in the length direction of the superconducting tape, and the defect position 901 is located on the superconducting tape section formed between the two positions.
  • Step 2 Replace two or one of the high conductance tapes in the superconducting tape segment with superconducting narrow tape 904 .

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种复合超导带材、组合体及制备方法、接头连接或过渡方法，包括多个超导带材，多个超导带材包括：第一超导带材、第二超导带材；第一超导带材包括第一超导层，第二超导带材包括第二超导层，第一超导带材靠近第一超导层的一侧与第二超导带材靠近第二超导层的一侧沿长度方向面对面连接在一起；第一超导带材与第二超导带材在宽度方向上具有预设宽度的错位，使第一超导带材与第二超导带材的连接面分别具有一空余部分。第二超导带材的空余部分连接有第一高电导带，第一超导带材的空余部分连接有第二高电导带。通过双面交错分布的结构，将带材之间低电阻回路从仅有边沿的狭窄通道改善为宽面大通道，带材之间的分流情况明显改善。

Description

复合超导带材、组合体及制备方法、接头连接或过渡方法 技术领域
本发明涉及超导带材领域，具体地，涉及一种双面导电的复合超导带材、组合体及制备方法、接头连接或过渡方法。
背景技术
以稀土钡铜氧高温超导为代表的多层复合带状导体，其基本结构如图1a和图1b所示，按照导电能力从高到低排序，主要包括超导层101，铜/银等高电导率的金属保护层(高电导层102)，基底合金层(低电导基带103)和绝缘过渡层(高电阻层104)，为了能够看清楚结构，图中的比例将厚度放大了很多，实际中的厚度约为0.1mm级别而宽度为4-10mm级别。其中，典型结构中，高电导率的金属保护层102可能为图1a所示的单面覆盖结构或者图1b所示的双面覆盖结构，由于高电阻层的存在，两者在本专利的论述中从导电通路的角度差别不大。高电阻层104的存在，将带材分为了上半部分(超导所在面)和下半部分。在实际的应用，尤其是大电流的正常传输中，超导涂层起到了最重要的电流传导作用，而上半部分的金属保护层102，则起到了电流引入，电流分配，以及非正常工作状态下的分流等作用。下半部分的材料在基本不参与电流的传导和在带材之间的分配。
在大型磁体，如加速器磁体或可控聚变磁体中，超导体的应用离不开将多个基本单元(如低温超导导线和本专利中的高温超导带材)组合形成的线缆(或称电缆，导体等，即strand，cable，conductor)。相比于低温超导导线或Bi-2223系高温超导带材，稀土钡铜氧高温超导带材具有在高运行温度下对高磁场的耐受性，然而也面临着高电阻层104带来的分流问题。其主要难处在于，其他的超导导线中，超导部分被优良导电性的金属(铜或银)形成的网格(Matrix)包围，电流可以较为轻松地从超导通路向周边任意方向的其他超导通路分配，而图1a和图1b中的结构，也是目前稀土钡铜氧高温超导导体的主流结构中，超导通路中的电流实质上仅有一个方向即向表面保护层分配。对于两根带材，可以让彼此面对面组合，电流分配效果很好，当多根带材(多于两根)采用现有的方式堆叠(TSTC)或缠绕(CORC)的时 候，电流的分配相对困难，即使对于双面覆盖的导体图1b也一样。事实上，背向的电流分配主要依赖于高电导层102在带材边缘(即图1a和图1b中的左右两侧)的狭窄通路。涂层超导带材之间电流的分配，一向是比较困难的问题，在当前面临大型化磁体的实用阶段，这个问题变的更加严重。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种复合超导带材、组合体及制备方法、接头连接或过渡方法。
根据本发明提供的一种复合超导带材，包括多个超导带材及导体带材，所述超导带材包括：第一超导带材100、第二超导带材300；所述导体带材包括：第一高电导带200、第二高电导带400；
所述第一超导带材100包括第一超导层101，所述第二超导带材300包括第二超导层301，所述第一超导带材100靠近所述第一超导层101的一侧与所述第二超导带材300靠近所述第二超导层301的一侧沿长度方向面对面连接在一起；
所述第一超导带材100与所述第二超导带材300在宽度方向上具有预设宽度的错位，使所述第一超导带材100与所述第二超导带材300的连接面分别具有一空余部分；
所述第二超导带材300的所述侧的空余部分连接有第一高电导带200，所述第一超导带材100的所述侧的空余部分连接有第二高电导带400。
优选地，所述第一超导带材100还包括第一高电导层102和第一低电导基带103，所述第一高电导层102和所述第一低电导基带103共同周向包裹所述第一超导层101；
所述第二超导带材300还包括第二高电导层302和第二低电导基带303，所述第二高电导层302和所述第二低电导基带303共同周向包裹所述第二超导层301。
优选地，所述第一高电导带200、所述第二高电导带400采用焊接或金属热压接的方式分别连接在所述第二超导带材300、所述第一超导带材100上。
优选地，所述第一高电导带200、所述第二高电导带400包括紫铜带材。
根据本发明提供的一种复合超导带材的组合体，包括多个上述的复合超导带材；
两两所述复合超导带材之间镜面对称，相互层叠连接在一起。
优选地，多个所述复合超导带材之间通过焊接、金属压接或外框架固定的方式相互层叠连接在一起。
根据本发明提供的一种复合超导带材的组合体的制备方法，包括：将多个权利要 求1所述的复合超导带材组装在一起，或者将多个超导带材及导体带材直接构成权利要求5所述的复合超导带材的组合体。
优选地，多个所述超导带材和所述导体带材之间通过焊接、金属压接或外框架固定的方式相互层叠连接在一起。
根据本发明提供的一种复合超导带材的接头连接方法或过渡方法，采用上述的复合超导带材，执行包括：
步骤1：找到所述复合超导带材的缺陷位置，并在所述复合超导带材的长度方向上选择两个位置，使所述缺陷位置位于所述两个位置之间；
步骤2：在所述复合超导带材中，将所述两个位置之间的所述第一高电导带200的相应部分和/或所述第二高电导带400的相应部分替换成超导窄带。
根据本发明提供的一种复合超导带材的组合体的接头连接方法或过渡方法，采用上述的复合超导带材的组合体，执行包括：
步骤1：找到所述复合超导带材的组合体的缺陷位置，并在所述复合超导带材的组合体的长度方向上选择两个位置，使所述缺陷位置位于所述两个位置之间；
步骤2：在所述复合超导带材的组合体中，将所述两个位置之间的所述第一高电导带200的相应部分和/或所述第二高电导带400的相应部分替换成超导窄带。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
1、本发明的一个重要应用领域是将超导带材多股并联作为大型磁体绕制的基本单位：超导缆线，或称超导导体。在并联导线中，由于稀土钡铜氧超导带材的特殊结构，单根导体之间的电流交换相对困难。而导体间换流对材料的充分利用、导体本身的电热稳定性等关键性能具有非常重要的意义，是目前业内的焦点问题。本发明通过双面交错分布的结构，将带材之间的低电阻回路从边沿仅有的狭窄通道改善为宽面大通道，可以明显地改善分流状况。
2、超导层部分基本位于结构的力学对称中心面，带材的弯曲等机械形变对超导涂层的机械影响被中和，超导带材的机械性能将明显改善。
3、本发明可以无视单根超导带材的生产长度限制，在需要的地方添加接头，极大地改善了超导带材的成品率引起的高价格问题，并将连续超导带材的长度延长到任意长度，相比于普通带材接头，该接头并不面对厚度改变，力学特性改变的问题。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1a、1b分别为传统多层复合带状导体的结构示意图；
图2a、2b分别为两种双面导电的复合超导带材的结构示意图；
图2c为组合体的结构示意图；
图3为双面导电的复合超导带材的截面示意图；
图4为组合体的截面示意图；
图5为接头的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明提供的一种双面电导的复合超导带材，包括多个超导带材，如图2a和2b所示，在本实施例中以两个超导带材为例：第一超导带材100、第二超导带材300。
如图3所示，第一超导带材100包括第一超导层101，第二超导带材300包括第二超导层301，第一超导带材100靠近第一超导层101的一侧与第二超导带材300靠近第二超导层301的一侧沿长度方向面对面连接在一起。第一超导带材100与第二超导带材300在宽度方向上具有预设宽度的错位。
第二超导带材300的侧的空余部分连接有第一高电导带200，第一超导带材100的侧的空余部分连接有第二高电导带400。第一超导带材100还包括第一高电导层102和第一低电导基带103，第一高电导层102和第一低电导基带103共同周向包裹第一超导层101。第二超导带材300还包括第二高电导层302和第二低电导基带303，第二高电导层302和第二低电导基带303共同周向包裹第二超导层301。
第一高电导带200、第二高电导带400采用焊接或金属热压接的方式分别连接在第二超导带材300、第一超导带材100上。第一高电导带200、第二高电导带400包括电导率在低电导基带和超导层之间的常规导体带材(优选地为紫铜带材)。四根带材(两根复合超导带材和两根常规导体带材)连接为一个整体结构。其中，超导带材和高电导带的宽度比例可以相对自由地选择，图3中的比例为1：2(金属：超导)。在该结构中， 面向任意方向(上、下)，双面带材都有很大的金属接触面，考虑到实物的比例，该形式下，电流的分配路径电阻减小一到两个数量级。
在多根双面电导的复合超导带材使用的时候，比如简单堆叠的情况，可以采用如图2a、2b中的两种镜面对称的双面带材，两者依次堆叠，就可以得到结构如图2c，截面如图4的组合体。其电流分配可以以低阻路径在任意带材之间分配。比如图4中第二超导层301中的电流向第三超导层501分配，其低电阻通路为301--302-102-101-102-400-600-702-701-702-502--501。根据带材中各部分的性质，该通路看似复杂，实际是低电阻通路：该通路上的箭头都表示垂直方向的通路，每一个箭头对应着一个大接触面而短的电阻通路，而电流在水平方向则需要经过101，701两条超导层进行分配，电阻可以忽略不计。
这样的组合体，可以通过将普通带材先组合成双面带材，再将双面带材简单堆叠、堆叠加压、焊接、金属压接或加外框架如金属槽固定构成，也可以直接跳过双面带材结构，将双面带材与高电导带(甚至去掉高电导带)直接组成组合体。该组合体中，可以在带材之间按照需求添加若干层的金属带材，改变超导体的占比，等等。
另外，如果本发明的双面带材结构用于电缆、CORC导体等交织型结构，则不需要镜面对称的两种双面带材，也可以达到充分换流的效果。
双面带材还有一个优势在于可以在不影响带材厚度，不改变带材通流面方向和力学特性的前提下添加接头，如图5所示，假设双面带材中的一条，即图中的第一超导带材100在位置901存在缺陷，是一个电流的低点或者甚至是带材的断点。则可以根据实际情况选择位置902和位置903，并在这位置902和位置903之间将第一高电导带200、第二高电导带400中的一条或两条更换为超导窄带904。由于双面带材结构下良好的分流特性，电流经过该接头时，原本由第一超导带材100承载的电流可以较小的电压为代价，转而向第二超导带材300和超导窄带904部分或全部分配，并在接头的后半段绕过缺陷后，重新流回第一超导带材100。相比于常规的接头，该接头从厚度，机械性能，带材方向上都与接头不存在的差别较小。
本发明还提供两种接头连接或过渡的方法：
在双面电导的复合超导带材或组合体没有高电导带的情况下：
步骤1：在超导带材的长度方向上选择两个位置(位置902和位置903)，缺陷位置901位于所述两个位置之间构成的超导带材段上。
步骤2：在所述超导带材段中，于所述第二超导带材300的所述空余部分和/或所述 第一超导带材100的所述空余部分设置超导窄带904。
在双面电导的复合超导带材或组合体含有高电导带的情况下：
步骤1：在超导带材的长度方向上选择两个位置(位置902和位置903)，缺陷位置901位于所述两个位置之间构成的超导带材段上。
步骤2：用超导窄带904替换所述超导带材段中的两个或其中一个高电导带。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种复合超导带材，其特征在于，包括多个超导带材及导体带材，所述超导带材包括：第一超导带材(100)、第二超导带材(300)；所述导体带材包括：第一高电导带(200)、第二高电导带(400)；
    所述第一超导带材(100)包括第一超导层(101)，所述第二超导带材(300)包括第二超导层(301)，所述第一超导带材(100)靠近所述第一超导层(101)的一侧与所述第二超导带材(300)靠近所述第二超导层(301)的一侧沿长度方向面对面连接在一起；
    所述第一超导带材(100)与所述第二超导带材(300)在宽度方向上具有预设宽度的错位，使所述第一超导带材(100)与所述第二超导带材(300)的连接面分别具有一空余部分；
    所述第二超导带材(300)的所述侧的空余部分连接有第一高电导带(200)，所述第一超导带材(100)的所述侧的空余部分连接有第二高电导带(400)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的复合超导带材，其特征在于，所述第一超导带材(100)还包括第一高电导层(102)和第一低电导基带(103)，所述第一高电导层(102)和所述第一低电导基带(103)共同周向包裹所述第一超导层(101)；
    所述第二超导带材(300)还包括第二高电导层(302)和第二低电导基带(303)，所述第二高电导层(302)和所述第二低电导基带(303)共同周向包裹所述第二超导层(301)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的复合超导带材，其特征在于，所述第一高电导带(200)、所述第二高电导带(400)采用焊接或金属热压接的方式分别连接在所述第二超导带材(300)、所述第一超导带材(100)上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的复合超导带材，其特征在于，所述第一高电导带(200)、所述第二高电导带(400)包括紫铜带材。
  5. 一种复合超导带材的组合体，其特征在于，包括多个权利要求1至4任一项所述的复合超导带材；
    两两所述复合超导带材之间镜面对称，相互层叠连接在一起。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的复合超导带材的组合体，其特征在于，多个所述复合超导带材之间通过焊接、金属压接或外框架固定的方式相互层叠连接在一起。
  7. 一种复合超导带材的组合体的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：将多个权利要求1所述的复合超导带材组装在一起，或者将多个超导带材及导体带材直接构成权利要求5所述的复合超导带材的组合体。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的组合体，其特征在于，多个所述超导带材和所述导体带材之间通过焊接、金属压接或外框架固定的方式相互层叠连接在一起。
  9. 一种复合超导带材的接头连接方法或过渡方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1所述的复合超导带材，执行包括：
    步骤1：找到所述复合超导带材的缺陷位置，并在所述复合超导带材的长度方向上选择两个位置，使所述缺陷位置位于所述两个位置之间；
    步骤2：在所述复合超导带材中，将所述两个位置之间的所述第一高电导带(200)的相应部分和/或所述第二高电导带(400)的相应部分替换成超导窄带。
  10. 一种复合超导带材的组合体的接头连接方法或过渡方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求5所述的复合超导带材的组合体，执行包括：
    步骤1：找到所述复合超导带材的组合体的缺陷位置，并在所述复合超导带材的组合体的长度方向上选择两个位置，使所述缺陷位置位于所述两个位置之间；
    步骤2：在所述复合超导带材的组合体中，将所述两个位置之间的所述第一高电导带(200)的相应部分和/或所述第二高电导带(400)的相应部分替换成超导窄带。
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