WO2022096760A1 - Organic or natural oil extraction plant - Google Patents

Organic or natural oil extraction plant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022096760A1
WO2022096760A1 PCT/ES2021/070643 ES2021070643W WO2022096760A1 WO 2022096760 A1 WO2022096760 A1 WO 2022096760A1 ES 2021070643 W ES2021070643 W ES 2021070643W WO 2022096760 A1 WO2022096760 A1 WO 2022096760A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
natural
biomass
trains
metabolization
larvae
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PCT/ES2021/070643
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Javier Martínez Martínez
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Entobiz Solutions Inc
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Publication of WO2022096760A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022096760A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a system for the use and elimination of alperujos, alpeorujos, alpechines, grape skins and other by-products and organic waste of different classifications, through the use of insect larval biomass in facilities designed to its use on an industrial scale.
  • the object of the present invention will be of interest in the organic waste treatment industry sector and especially that related to the olive industry.
  • the object of the present invention is of special interest to the olive industry.
  • This sector includes processing facilities for obtaining oil from olives, called mills, where a process of grinding the olives is carried out, for the extraction and obtaining of their oils, highly valued for human consumption.
  • This activity generates a vegetable waste or by-product, in Spain called alperujo or alpeorujo, or alpech ⁇ n, when its water content is relevant.
  • alperujo is carried out by an industrial subsector known as Orujeras, being considered an industry with a high environmental impact, with highly polluting facilities, due to the process used, in which solvent products such as hexane, an alkane aliphatic hydrocarbon, are used. It is a colourless, easily flammable liquid with a characteristic solvent odour, which has toxic effects. The physiological effect is not due to the substance itself but to the products of its metabolism, especially 2,5-hexadione. This compound reacts with some essential amines for the functioning of nerve cells. Therefore, it is neurotoxic and also has an adjective and dangerous potential.
  • Orujeras an industrial subsector known as Orujeras, being considered an industry with a high environmental impact, with highly polluting facilities, due to the process used, in which solvent products such as hexane, an alkane aliphatic hydrocarbon, are used. It is a colourless, easily flammable liquid with a characteristic solvent odour, which
  • the present invention presents a novel alternative to the traditional pomace industries, by advocating a procedure that does not use toxic products, so it can be considered ecological or natural.
  • the present invention represents an improvement with respect to the industrial procedures used by the pomace industries, thus representing an advance in the State of the Art.
  • the present ecological or natural pomace which is described below, consists of a system for the use and elimination of alperujo or vegetable by-product from the processes of milling or extraction of olive oil in the Almazaras, Orujeras or similar industries. However, this system is applicable with slight variations to any other by-product or organic waste from other industries.
  • the procedure of the present ecological or natural orujera includes the use of insect larvae that eliminate in short cycles of time in a natural and biological way and in its entirety the alpeorujos within enclosures designed "ad hoc" and equipped with devices designed and built to carry out the elimination and transformation on an industrial scale in a controlled manner at all stages of the process.
  • the organic or natural pomace thus converts the alpeorujo into valuable products and raw materials, naturally and without environmental impact.
  • the treatment process of the alpeorujo in the organic or natural orujera comprises different phases or tasks: o Reception of the alperujos.
  • the alperujos are received in tanks, through a discharge system in the form of a raft, pit, hopper or similar, equipped in turn with a transport system such as an endless screw or a solid, semi-solid or liquid pumping system. to storage depots.
  • a transport system such as an endless screw or a solid, semi-solid or liquid pumping system.
  • storage depots o Storage of alperujos.
  • the alperujos are stored in tanks that can be in the form of silos and incorporate filtering and stabilization media. Said stabilization can be aerobic or anaerobic and can incorporate metabolizing, degrading or non-degrading bacterial strains.
  • the process has a system for extracting stabilized sludge from the deposits, for disposal as a diet for newborn insect larvae reared in a larval biomass development zone.
  • o Regulation of the number of larvae The quantity of larvae used in the process is regulated according to the mass of alperujo that is processed in the installation by means of a dispenser of larvae from the aforementioned area of development of the larval biomass, or recovered by filtering the biomass produced in the treatment or biodigestion of the alperujo. Structuring of Metabolization Trains. In the metabolization trains is where the elimination by biodigestion of the alperujo is carried out.
  • Biomass extraction system This system recovers the biomass produced in the treatment or biodigestion of the alperujo, with the cycle completed for its disposal and treatment. Filtering and recovery of the larvae, using a trommel, sieve, sieve or sieve to separate the fertilizer from the excreta of the insect larvae from the larvae. Drying and sterilization of the waste, through a drying and sterilization tunnel, the biomass obtained is processed, obtaining natural fertilizers and larvae in their maximum growth stage that can be marketed after the following final stage.
  • figure 1 Schematic view of an ecological or natural pomace.
  • FIG 2 Detail view of the metabolization trains of an organic or natural pomace.
  • FIG 3 Perspective view of one of the metabolization trains of an organic or natural pomace.
  • FIG 4 Perspective view of a drying facility, sterilization of organic matter and sacrifice of larval biomass of an ecological or natural pomace.
  • FIG 5 Elevation view of a lifting belt in the area for receiving and storing the raw material of an organic or natural olive pomace.
  • Figure 6 Perspective view of a separation and screening facility for a fertilizer product obtained and for larvae, from an organic or natural olive pomace.
  • the ecological or natural orujera consists, in this specific example, in the installation of a manufacturing plant for the treatment of alpeorujo using larval biomass, obtaining a natural fertilizer as a residue.
  • the insects are reared in complete cycle in specific breeding centers.
  • the aforementioned facility comprises a building (1) or industrial warehouse where the alpeorujo treatment process is carried out using larval biomass, which includes the following areas where the different stages are carried out: o Reception and storage (2) of raw material. o Provision of raw materials and larval biomass in Metabolization Trains (3). o Drying (4), sterilization of organic matter and sacrifice of larval biomass. o Separation and screening (5) of the fertilizer product obtained and packaged for dispatch outside the facilities.
  • the aforementioned building (1) or industrial warehouse where the process takes place is dimensioned according to the amount of alpeorujo to be treated, and is also built according to the climatic requirements of the area, in terms of thicknesses. of the cladding panels and their insulating capacity. Likewise, with regard to the design and exterior appearance, it will try to adapt to the landscape environment and urban planning regulations that apply to it.
  • the production process must be carried out in a controlled and automated climatic environment in such a way that the temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, ammonia, etc., are regulated according to a specific programming for the best development of the different procedures. biological organisms that develop inside the facility.
  • the facility has a control system equipped with different transducers for the different variables of environmental conditions in the metabolization trains.
  • the renewal of the air is carried out through a system of filters and in established periods.
  • the plant may have alternative sources of energy supply: gas, photovoltaic, geothermal, depending on its location and access to supply points. Likewise, you can count on a cogeneration facility with biogas from methanation digesters.
  • the first area of the installation, reception and storage area (2) of raw material is made up of a reception pit-hopper, connected to an endless screw or conveyor belt that transports the alperujo to a stabilization deposit-hopper. prior to its disposal in the next phase.
  • the second area for the disposal of raw materials and larval biomass in trains includes a screw-worm or distribution belt, for the transfer and deposit of the alperujo in the metabolization trains (3), in a homogeneous manner.
  • the aforementioned metabolization trains are structured in columns of shelves, made up of belts, stacked one on top of the other and these columns are replicated one next to the other, thus maximizing the use of the available space, with shelves or belts up to eighty meters long. length stacked in columns of up to twenty shelves in height, reaching up to six meters in height.
  • the installation describes a procedure with biological characteristics with the help of a series of mechanical or industrial elements.
  • the biological part consists of its own system for the complete cycle breeding on an industrial scale of the insect Black Soldier Fly (BSF) or Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia lllucens, which can be used for another insect known as Tenebrio Mollitor or Worm of the Flour, previously drying the by-products. or waste
  • the aforementioned mechanical or industrial elements are a set of trays, tools, and metabolization trains (3) where the alperujo and the larvae are dosed in the neonate state and the vital and environmental constants necessary to complete the processes are maintained.
  • the metabolization trains (3) are made up of a system of racks and/or conveyor belts that are superimposed one on top of the other to obtain a larger biomass distribution surface and to make the most of the available space at all times.
  • These shelves or overlapping belts may or may not share the same support structure and are calculated based on the weight they must support at their maximum load level.
  • the structures can be made of galvanized sheet metal, stainless steel, plastic, wood or any material that adequately supports the weights.
  • the belts can be "blind” or perforated in different diameters or slots whose size can be determined by the pomace to be processed and the level where they are placed, in the case of the use of shelves they are equipped with micro-perforated or porous synthetic mats that are placed above each level or shelf at the same time that they are "loaded” or dosed with the alperujo
  • the different biodigestion belts or layers can be installed counterbalanced in such a way that the belt or mat above the train "unloads" on the belt or mat immediately below. and so on until the end of the cycle is reached.
  • belts or shelves arranged in opposing layers are equipped with different special elements such as, for example, plates or slats of variable height of up to 40 cm in height that, joined "forced” against each belt, form a kind of U-shaped shelf of up to 80 meters long where the alperujo is arranged.
  • the installation also includes the following devices: o Humidity regulators by sections, by means of water and leachate recirculation sprayers o Cold or hot air diffusers by sections o Temperature and humidity probes by means of probes inside and outside the Biomass. o Levelers of the volume and height of the biomass layer, by means of screeds. o Horizontal separating elements for partitioning the surfaces of the train together with weighing scales. o Laser leveling systems o Sterilization tunnel o Cyclone or blower in the final stage of the process for drying biomass before screening or sieving.
  • the metabolization trains (3) are arranged in a linear or transversal parallel manner, leaving between them an adjustable space of between 0.50 and 1 meter to allow the passage of a person or some specific machinery to carry out different exploitation and/or maintenance tasks. .
  • the shape, materials and dimensions may be variable and, in general, everything that is accessory and secondary, as long as it does not alter, change or modify the essential nature of the improvements that have been described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is an organic or natural oil extraction plant, formed by a system for the utilisation and elimination of a raw material formed by two-phase olive waste, olive mill wastewater, and grape skins, using insect larval biomass. The system comprises a cycle which, after a step (2) of receiving and storing, carries out a digestion treatment using larval biomass, obtaining a natural fertiliser as waste and larvae. The method is carried out in an industrial warehouse or building (1) equipped to maintain the required environmental parameters, according to the type of insect larvae used. The digestion treatment is carried out by means of metabolising units (3), which comprise a plurality of horizontal surfaces, in the form of shelves or belts, stacked one on top of the other. Lastly, a step (4) of drying and sterilising the organic matter, followed by a step (5) of separating and sieving, produces a fertiliser that can be shipped outside of the facilities.

Description

DESCRIPCION DESCRIPTION
ORUJERA ECOLÓGICA O NATURAL ECOLOGICAL OR NATURAL ORUJERA
La presente invención, orujera ecológica o natural, se refiere a un sistema de aprovechamiento y eliminación de alperujos, alpeorujos, alpechines, hollejos de uva y otros subproductos y residuos orgánicos de distintas clasificaciones, mediante la utilización de biomasa larvaria de insectos en instalaciones diseñadas para su utilización a escala industrial. The present invention, organic or natural pomace, refers to a system for the use and elimination of alperujos, alpeorujos, alpechines, grape skins and other by-products and organic waste of different classifications, through the use of insect larval biomass in facilities designed to its use on an industrial scale.
Es por ello, que el objeto de la presente invención será de interés en el sector de la industria de tratamiento de residuos orgánicos y en especial la relacionada con la industria olivarera. For this reason, the object of the present invention will be of interest in the organic waste treatment industry sector and especially that related to the olive industry.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA STATE OF THE ART
El objeto de la presente invención, tiene especial interés para la industria olivarera. Dicho sector comprende instalaciones de procesamiento para obtención de aceite de las aceitunas, denominadas almazaras, donde se realiza un proceso de molturación de las aceitunas, para la extracción y obtención de sus aceites, muy apreciados para consumo humano. The object of the present invention is of special interest to the olive industry. This sector includes processing facilities for obtaining oil from olives, called mills, where a process of grinding the olives is carried out, for the extraction and obtaining of their oils, highly valued for human consumption.
Dicha actividad genera un residuo o subproducto vegetal, en España denominado alperujo o alpeorujo, o bien denominado alpechín, cuando su contenido en agua es relevante. This activity generates a vegetable waste or by-product, in Spain called alperujo or alpeorujo, or alpechín, when its water content is relevant.
Se estima que de cada tonelada de aceituna, un 70 a 80% se transforma en alperujo, por lo que los volúmenes generados por dicha industria son elevados y su eliminación o tratamiento puede suponer un grave problema medioambiental. It is estimated that of each ton of olives, 70 to 80% is transformed into alperujo, which is why the volumes generated by this industry are high and their disposal or treatment can pose a serious environmental problem.
El tratamiento del alperujo es realizado por un subsector industrial conocido como Orujeras, siendo considerado una industria de alto impacto medio ambiental, con instalaciones bastante contaminantes, debido al proceso empleado, en el que se utilizan productos disolventes como el hexano, un hidrocarburo alifático alcano. Se trata de un líquido incoloro, fácilmente inflamable y con un olor característico a disolvente que tiene efectos tóxicos. El efecto fisiológico no se debe a la misma sustancia sino a los productos de su metabolización, especialmente la 2,5-hexadiona. Este compuesto reacciona con algunas aminas esenciales para el funcionamiento de las células nerviosas. Por lo tanto, es neurotóxico y además posee un potencial adjetivo y peligroso. The treatment of alperujo is carried out by an industrial subsector known as Orujeras, being considered an industry with a high environmental impact, with highly polluting facilities, due to the process used, in which solvent products such as hexane, an alkane aliphatic hydrocarbon, are used. It is a colourless, easily flammable liquid with a characteristic solvent odour, which has toxic effects. The physiological effect is not due to the substance itself but to the products of its metabolism, especially 2,5-hexadione. This compound reacts with some essential amines for the functioning of nerve cells. Therefore, it is neurotoxic and also has an adjective and dangerous potential.
Por estas razones, las industrias orujeras tienen dificultades para implantarse en el territorio lo que motiva que en algunas zonas geográficas puede haber falta de capacidad industrial para el tratamiento del alperujo. For these reasons, the pomace industries have difficulties establishing themselves in the territory, which means that in some geographical areas there may be a lack of industrial capacity for the treatment of olive pomace.
La presente invención, presenta una novedosa alternativa a las tradicionales industrias orujeras, al preconizar un procedimiento ausente de empleo de productos tóxicos, por lo que puede ser considerado ecológico o natural. The present invention presents a novel alternative to the traditional pomace industries, by advocating a procedure that does not use toxic products, so it can be considered ecological or natural.
La implantación de industrias de tratamiento del alperujo con el nuevo proceso descrito en esta invención será más factible, al suponer un menor impacto medio ambiental que las orujeras tradicionales. The implantation of industries for the treatment of alperujo with the new process described in this invention will be more feasible, since it supposes a lower environmental impact than traditional orujeras.
Por lo anteriormente expuesto, la presente invención supone una mejora respecto a los procedimientos industriales empleados por las industrias orujeras, representando por ello un avance en el Estado de la Técnica. Due to the foregoing, the present invention represents an improvement with respect to the industrial procedures used by the pomace industries, thus representing an advance in the State of the Art.
DESCRIPCION DESCRIPTION
La presente orujera ecológica o natural, que se describe a continuación, consiste en un sistema de aprovechamiento y eliminación del alperujo o subproducto vegetal procedente de los procesos de molturación o extracción de aceites de la aceituna en las Almazaras, Orujeras o industrias análogas. No obstante, este sistema es aplicable con ligeras variaciones a cualquier otro subproducto o residuo orgánico de otras industrias. The present ecological or natural pomace, which is described below, consists of a system for the use and elimination of alperujo or vegetable by-product from the processes of milling or extraction of olive oil in the Almazaras, Orujeras or similar industries. However, this system is applicable with slight variations to any other by-product or organic waste from other industries.
Es por ello, que el sistema que se describe aporta una solución natural y biológica para el tratamiento y valorización del alpeorujo, sin impacto medioambiental apreciable. That is why the system described provides a natural and biological solution for the treatment and recovery of alpeorujo, without appreciable environmental impact.
El procedimiento de la presente orujera ecológica o natural, comprende la utilización de larvas de insectos que eliminan en ciclos cortos de tiempo de forma natural y biológica y en su totalidad los alpeorujos dentro de recintos diseñados “ad hoc” y equipados con dispositivos diseñados y construidos para realizar la eliminación y transformación a escala industrial de forma controlada en todas las etapas del proceso. The procedure of the present ecological or natural orujera, includes the use of insect larvae that eliminate in short cycles of time in a natural and biological way and in its entirety the alpeorujos within enclosures designed "ad hoc" and equipped with devices designed and built to carry out the elimination and transformation on an industrial scale in a controlled manner at all stages of the process.
La aplicación del sistema y procesos de esta orujera ecológica o natural, da como resultado la obtención de fertilizantes naturales y ecológicos de calidad y larvas de insectos con altos niveles de proteínas, lípidos y aminoácidos de amplia utilización en alimentación animal, agricultura y sector farmacéutico. Todo ello partiendo de unos alpeorujo, subproductos y residuos cuyo tratamiento sería muy contaminante por otros procedimientos. The application of the system and processes of this organic or natural pomace, results in obtaining quality natural and organic fertilizers and insect larvae with high levels of proteins, lipids and amino acids widely used in animal feed, agriculture and the pharmaceutical sector. All this starting from some alpeorujo, by-products and residues whose treatment would be very polluting by other procedures.
La orujera ecológica o natural convierte así, el alpeorujo en productos y materias primas de valor, de forma natural y sin impacto medioambiental. The organic or natural pomace thus converts the alpeorujo into valuable products and raw materials, naturally and without environmental impact.
El proceso de tratamiento del alpeorujo en la orujera ecológica o natural, comprende distintas fases o tareas: o Recepción de los alperujos. Los alperujos son recepcionados en depósitos, mediante un sistema de descarga con forma de balsa, foso, tolva o similar, equipado a su vez con un sistema de transporte como por ejemplo un tornillo sin fin o un sistema de bombeo de solidos, semisólidos o líquidos hasta los depósitos de almacenamiento. o Almacenamiento de alperujos. Los alperujos son almacenados en depósitos que pueden tener forma de silos e incorporar medios de filtrado y estabilización. Dicha estabilización puede ser aerobia o anaerobia y pueden incorporar cepas bacterianas metabolizantes, degradantes o no. o Extracción de lodos de depósitos de alperujos: El proceso cuenta con un sistema de extracción de los lodos estabilizados, de los depósitos, para su disposición como dieta para las larvas de insecto neonatas criadas en una zona de desarrollo de la biomasa larvaria. o Regulación de la cantidad de larvas. La cantidad de larvas empleadas en el proceso se regula en función de la masa de alperujo que se procese en la instalación mediante un dosificador de larvas procedentes de la citada zona de desarrollo de la biomasa larvaria, o bien recuperadas mediante el filtrado de la biomasa producida en el tratamiento o biodigestión del alperujo. Estructuración de los Trenes de metabolización. En los trenes de metabolización es donde se realiza la eliminación por biodigestión del alperujo. Estos se encuentran estructurados por capas en altura para el mejor aprovechamiento del espacio libre disponible en el edificio o nave biodigestora. Sistema de extracción de biomasa. Este sistema recupera la biomasa producida en el tratamiento o biodigestión del alperujo, con el ciclo completado para su disposición y tratamiento. Filtrado y recuperación de las larvas, mediante tromel, criba, cedazo o tamiz para separación de fertilizante procedente de la excreta de las larvas de insecto de las larvas. Secado y esterilización de los residuos, mediante un túnel de secado y esterilización se procesa la biomasa obtenida obteniendo fertilizantes naturales y larvas en su máximo estado de crecimiento que pueden ser comercializados tras la etapa final siguiente. Almacenaje, envasado y expedición, mediante un sistema de almacenaje, y envasado y expedición de los citados fertilizantes naturales obtenidos en el proceso, así como de las larvas. Con este proceso se logra el tratamiento de forma ecológica y natural de los alpeorujos, a la vez que se obtiene un fertilizante natural de alta calidad y larvas como materia prima para su posterior tratamiento.. The treatment process of the alpeorujo in the organic or natural orujera, comprises different phases or tasks: o Reception of the alperujos. The alperujos are received in tanks, through a discharge system in the form of a raft, pit, hopper or similar, equipped in turn with a transport system such as an endless screw or a solid, semi-solid or liquid pumping system. to storage depots. o Storage of alperujos. The alperujos are stored in tanks that can be in the form of silos and incorporate filtering and stabilization media. Said stabilization can be aerobic or anaerobic and can incorporate metabolizing, degrading or non-degrading bacterial strains. o Extraction of sludge from alperujo deposits: The process has a system for extracting stabilized sludge from the deposits, for disposal as a diet for newborn insect larvae reared in a larval biomass development zone. o Regulation of the number of larvae. The quantity of larvae used in the process is regulated according to the mass of alperujo that is processed in the installation by means of a dispenser of larvae from the aforementioned area of development of the larval biomass, or recovered by filtering the biomass produced in the treatment or biodigestion of the alperujo. Structuring of Metabolization Trains. In the metabolization trains is where the elimination by biodigestion of the alperujo is carried out. These are structured by layers in height for the best use of the free space available in the building or biodigester unit. Biomass extraction system. This system recovers the biomass produced in the treatment or biodigestion of the alperujo, with the cycle completed for its disposal and treatment. Filtering and recovery of the larvae, using a trommel, sieve, sieve or sieve to separate the fertilizer from the excreta of the insect larvae from the larvae. Drying and sterilization of the waste, through a drying and sterilization tunnel, the biomass obtained is processed, obtaining natural fertilizers and larvae in their maximum growth stage that can be marketed after the following final stage. Storage, packaging and dispatch, through a storage system, and packaging and dispatch of the aforementioned natural fertilizers obtained in the process, as well as the larvae. With this process, the treatment of alpeorujos is achieved in an ecological and natural way, while obtaining a high-quality natural fertilizer and larvae as raw material for subsequent treatment.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A continuación, se hace una detallada descripción de la orujera ecológica o natural, con referencia a los dibujos que se acompañan, en los que se representa, a simple título de ejemplo, no limitativo, una forma preferente de realización susceptible de todas aquellas variaciones de detalle que no supongan una alteración fundamental de las características esenciales de dichos perfeccionamientos. Next, a detailed description of the ecological or natural orujera is made, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is represented, by way of simple, non-limiting example, a preferred form of embodiment susceptible to all those variations of detail that do not involve a fundamental alteration of the essential characteristics of said improvements.
En dichos planos se ¡lustran: These plans show:
En la figura 1 : Vista de esquema de una orujera ecológica o natural. In figure 1: Schematic view of an ecological or natural pomace.
En la figura 2: Vista de detalle de los trenes de metabolización de una orujera ecológica o natural. In figure 2: Detail view of the metabolization trains of an organic or natural pomace.
En la figura 3: Vista en perspectiva de uno de los trenes de metabolización de una orujera ecológica o natural. In figure 3: Perspective view of one of the metabolization trains of an organic or natural pomace.
En la figura 4: Vista en perspectiva de una instalación de secado, esterilización de materia orgánica y sacrificio de biomasa larvaria de una orujera ecológica o natural. In figure 4: Perspective view of a drying facility, sterilization of organic matter and sacrifice of larval biomass of an ecological or natural pomace.
En la figura 5: Vista en alzado de una cinta de elevación en la zona de recepción y almacenaje de materia prima de una orujera ecológica o natural. In figure 5: Elevation view of a lifting belt in the area for receiving and storing the raw material of an organic or natural olive pomace.
En la figura 6: Vista en perspectiva de una instalación de separación y cribado de un producto fertilizante obtenido y de larvas, de una orujera ecológica o natural. In Figure 6: Perspective view of a separation and screening facility for a fertilizer product obtained and for larvae, from an organic or natural olive pomace.
Según el ejemplo de ejecución representado, la orujera ecológica o natural consiste en este ejemplo concreto, en la instalación de una instalación fabril de tratamiento de alpeorujo mediante biomasa larvaria, obteniendo como residuo un fertilizante natural. Los insectos son criados en ciclo completo en centros de reproducción específicos. La citada instalación comprende un edificio (1) o nave industrial donde se desarrolla el proceso de tratamiento de alpeorujo mediante biomasa larvaria, que comprende las zonas siguientes donde se desarrollan las diferentes etapas: o Recepción y almacenaje (2) de materia prima. o Disposición de materias primas y biomasa larvarias en Trenes de Metabolización (3). o Secado (4), esterilización de materia orgánica y sacrificio de biomasa larvaria. o Separación y cribado (5) de producto fertilizante obtenido y empaquetado para su expedición fuera de las instalaciones. According to the example of execution represented, the ecological or natural orujera consists, in this specific example, in the installation of a manufacturing plant for the treatment of alpeorujo using larval biomass, obtaining a natural fertilizer as a residue. The insects are reared in complete cycle in specific breeding centers. The aforementioned facility comprises a building (1) or industrial warehouse where the alpeorujo treatment process is carried out using larval biomass, which includes the following areas where the different stages are carried out: o Reception and storage (2) of raw material. o Provision of raw materials and larval biomass in Metabolization Trains (3). o Drying (4), sterilization of organic matter and sacrifice of larval biomass. o Separation and screening (5) of the fertilizer product obtained and packaged for dispatch outside the facilities.
El citado edificio (1) o nave industrial donde se desarrolla el proceso, se dimensiona en función de la cantidad de alpeorujo que vaya a ser tratado, siendo también construido en función de los requerimientos climáticos de la zona, en lo que se refiere a grosores de los paneles de cerramiento y de su capacidad aislante. Asimismo, en lo que se refiere al diseño y aspecto exterior, tratará de adecuarse al entorno paisajista y normativa urbanística que le sea de aplicación. The aforementioned building (1) or industrial warehouse where the process takes place, is dimensioned according to the amount of alpeorujo to be treated, and is also built according to the climatic requirements of the area, in terms of thicknesses. of the cladding panels and their insulating capacity. Likewise, with regard to the design and exterior appearance, it will try to adapt to the landscape environment and urban planning regulations that apply to it.
Por otra parte, el proceso productivo debe realizarse en un ambiente climático controlado y automatizado de forma tal que la temperatura, humedad, niveles de CO2, amoniaco, etc., se regulan en función de una programación especifica para el mejor desarrollo de los distintos procedimientos biológicos que se desarrollan en el interior de la instalación. On the other hand, the production process must be carried out in a controlled and automated climatic environment in such a way that the temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, ammonia, etc., are regulated according to a specific programming for the best development of the different procedures. biological organisms that develop inside the facility.
A este fin, la instalación cuenta con un sistema de control equipado con distintos transductores de las diferentes variables de las condiciones ambientales en los trenes de metabolización. To this end, the facility has a control system equipped with different transducers for the different variables of environmental conditions in the metabolization trains.
La renovación del aire se realiza a través de un sistema de filtros y en periodos establecidos. The renewal of the air is carried out through a system of filters and in established periods.
La planta puede contar con fuentes alternativas de suministro de energía: gas, fotovoltaica, geotérmica, en función de su ubicación y acceso a puntos de suministro. Asimismo, puede contar con una instalación de cogeneración con biogas procedente de digestores de metanización. La primera zona de la instalación, zona de recepción y almacenaje (2) de materia prima, se encuentra constituida por un foso-tolva de recepción, conectado a un tornillo-sinfín o cinta transportadora que transporta el alperujo a un deposito-tolva de estabilización previa a su disposición en la siguiente fase. The plant may have alternative sources of energy supply: gas, photovoltaic, geothermal, depending on its location and access to supply points. Likewise, you can count on a cogeneration facility with biogas from methanation digesters. The first area of the installation, reception and storage area (2) of raw material, is made up of a reception pit-hopper, connected to an endless screw or conveyor belt that transports the alperujo to a stabilization deposit-hopper. prior to its disposal in the next phase.
La segunda zona de disposición de materias primas y biomasa larvarias en trenes, comprende un tornillo-sinfín o cinta de distribución, para traslado y depósito del alperujo en los trenes de metabolización (3), de manera homogénea. The second area for the disposal of raw materials and larval biomass in trains, includes a screw-worm or distribution belt, for the transfer and deposit of the alperujo in the metabolization trains (3), in a homogeneous manner.
Los citados trenes de metabolización, se estructuran en columnas de estantes, constituidos por cintas, apiladas unas encima de otras y dichas columnas se replican una al lado de otra, maximizando así el aprovechamiento del espacio disponible, con estantes o cintas de hasta ochenta metros de longitud apliladas en columnas de hasta veinte estanterías en altura, alcanzando hasta los seis metros de altura. The aforementioned metabolization trains are structured in columns of shelves, made up of belts, stacked one on top of the other and these columns are replicated one next to the other, thus maximizing the use of the available space, with shelves or belts up to eighty meters long. length stacked in columns of up to twenty shelves in height, reaching up to six meters in height.
Así, la instalación describe un procedimiento de características biológicas con la ayuda de una serie de elementos mecánicos o industriales. Thus, the installation describes a procedure with biological characteristics with the help of a series of mechanical or industrial elements.
La parte biológica consiste en un sistema propio para la cría en ciclo completo a escala industrial del insecto Black Soldier Fly (BSF) o Mosca Soldado Negro, Hermetia lllucens pudiendo utilizarse para otro insecto conocido como Tenebrio Mollitor o Gusano de la Harina secando previamente los subproductos o residuos The biological part consists of its own system for the complete cycle breeding on an industrial scale of the insect Black Soldier Fly (BSF) or Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia lllucens, which can be used for another insect known as Tenebrio Mollitor or Worm of the Flour, previously drying the by-products. or waste
Los citados elementos mecánicos o industriales son un conjunto de bandejas, útiles, y trenes de metabolización (3) donde se dosifican el alperujo y las larvas en estado de neonatas y se mantienen las constantes vitales y ambientales necesarias para poder culminar los procesos. The aforementioned mechanical or industrial elements are a set of trays, tools, and metabolization trains (3) where the alperujo and the larvae are dosed in the neonate state and the vital and environmental constants necessary to complete the processes are maintained.
Los trenes de metabolización (3), están constituido por un sistema de estanterías y/o cintas transportadoras que se superponen unas encima de otras para obtener una mayor superficie de distribución de la biomasa y para el aprovechamiento máximo del espacio disponible en cada momento. The metabolization trains (3) are made up of a system of racks and/or conveyor belts that are superimposed one on top of the other to obtain a larger biomass distribution surface and to make the most of the available space at all times.
Estas estanterías o cintas superpuestas pueden compartir o no la misma estructura de soporte y se calculan en función del peso que deben de soportar en su nivel máximo de carga Las estructuras pueden ser de chapa galvanizada, acero inoxidable, plástico, madera o cualquier material que soporte los pesos adecuadamente These shelves or overlapping belts may or may not share the same support structure and are calculated based on the weight they must support at their maximum load level. The structures can be made of galvanized sheet metal, stainless steel, plastic, wood or any material that adequately supports the weights.
Las cintas pueden ser “ciegas” o perforadas en distintos diámetros o ranuras cuyo tamaño puede estar determinado por el alperujo a procesar y el nivel donde se sitúen, en el caso del uso de estanterías se equipan con tapetes sintéticos micro perforados o porosos que se colocan encima de cada nivel o estante a la vez que se “cargan” o dosifican con el alperujoThe belts can be "blind" or perforated in different diameters or slots whose size can be determined by the pomace to be processed and the level where they are placed, in the case of the use of shelves they are equipped with micro-perforated or porous synthetic mats that are placed above each level or shelf at the same time that they are "loaded" or dosed with the alperujo
Como alternativa de distribución de la biomasa en los trenes de metabolización (3), las distintas cintas tapetes o capas de biodigestión se pueden instalar contrapeadas de forma tal que la cinta o tapete de arriba del tren “descarga” sobre la cinta o tapete inmediatamente inferior y así sucesivamente hasta llegar al final del ciclo. As an alternative for biomass distribution in the metabolization trains (3), the different biodigestion belts or layers can be installed counterbalanced in such a way that the belt or mat above the train "unloads" on the belt or mat immediately below. and so on until the end of the cycle is reached.
Estas cintas o estanterías dispuestas en capas contrapuestas están equipadas con distintos elementos especiales como por ejemplo, chapas o listones de altura variable de hasta 40 cm de altura que unido de forma “forzada” contra cada cinta conforma una especie de estante en forma de U de hasta 80 metros de largo donde se disponen el alperujo. These belts or shelves arranged in opposing layers are equipped with different special elements such as, for example, plates or slats of variable height of up to 40 cm in height that, joined "forced" against each belt, form a kind of U-shaped shelf of up to 80 meters long where the alperujo is arranged.
La instalación comprende además los siguientes dispositivos: o Reguladores de humedad por tramos, mediante pulverizadores de agua y de recirculación de lixiviados o Difusores de aire frió o caliente por tramos o Sondas de temperatura y de humedad mediante sondas dentro y fuera de la Biomasa. o Niveladores del volumen y altura de la capa de biomasa, mediante enrasadores. o Elementos separadores horizontales de compartimentación de las superficies del tren junto con básculas de pesaje. o Sistemas de nivelación por laser o Túnel de esterilización o Ciclón o soplador en la etapa final del proceso para secado de la biomasa antes de su criba o tamizado. o Colectores y recogedores de lixiviados Los trenes de metabolización (3) se disponen en forma paralela lineal o transversal dejando entre ellos un espacio regulable de entre 0,50 y 1 metro para permitir el paso de una persona o alguna maquinaria específica para realizar distintas labores de explotación y/o mantenimiento. Por último, la forma, materiales y dimensiones podrán ser variables y en general, todo cuanto sea accesorio y secundario, siempre que no altere cambie o modifique la esencialidad de los perfeccionamientos que se han descrito. The installation also includes the following devices: o Humidity regulators by sections, by means of water and leachate recirculation sprayers o Cold or hot air diffusers by sections o Temperature and humidity probes by means of probes inside and outside the Biomass. o Levelers of the volume and height of the biomass layer, by means of screeds. o Horizontal separating elements for partitioning the surfaces of the train together with weighing scales. o Laser leveling systems o Sterilization tunnel o Cyclone or blower in the final stage of the process for drying biomass before screening or sieving. o Collectors and leachate collectors The metabolization trains (3) are arranged in a linear or transversal parallel manner, leaving between them an adjustable space of between 0.50 and 1 meter to allow the passage of a person or some specific machinery to carry out different exploitation and/or maintenance tasks. . Finally, the shape, materials and dimensions may be variable and, in general, everything that is accessory and secondary, as long as it does not alter, change or modify the essential nature of the improvements that have been described.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 a.- Orujera ecológica o natural, constituida por un sistema de aprovechamiento y eliminación de una materia prima formada por alperujos, alpeorujos, alpechines, hollejos de uva y otros subproductos y residuos orgánicos de distintas clasificaciones, mediante la utilización de biomasa larvaria de insectos, mediante un proceso que comprende un ciclo de tratamiento de dicha materia prima, que comienza con una etapa de su recepción y almacenaje (2), seguido de una etapa de tratamiento digestivo mediante biomasa larvaria, que finaliza con la expedición de un fertilizante natural como producto obtenido, junto con larvas en su mayor etapa de crecimiento caracterizado porque el citado proceso se realiza en un edificio (1 ) o nave industrial provista de medios de aislamiento térmico, de renovación y filtrado del aire y de climatización controlada de los parametros ambientales de temperatura, humedad, niveles de CO2 y amoniaco, requeridos, en función del tipo de larvas de insectos empleadas, donde las instalaciones de la citada etapa de recepción y almacenaje (2) de materia prima, comprenden un foso-tolva de recepción, conectado mediante un tornillo-sinfín o cinta transportadora con un deposito-tolva de estabilización de la materia prima, previa al tratamiento digestivo mediante biomasa larvaria , que se realiza mediante unos trenes de metabolización (3), que comprenden una pluralidad de superficies horizontales alargadas, en forma de estantes o cintas, apliladas unas sobre otras a modo de estantaería, donde son distribuidas de manera homogénea las citadas materias primas con una biomasa larvarias, mediante un tornillo-sinfín o una cinta de distribución, empleándose en el proceso una pluralidad de trenes de metabolización (3), distribuidos en el espacio disponible, en paralelo y alineados entre sí, finalizando el proceso mediante un filtrado y recuperación de las larvas, mediante tromel, criba, cedazo o tamiz y de una fase de secado (4) y esterilización de la materia orgánica y el sacrificio de la biomasa larvaria procedente de los trenes de metabolización (3) y que no ha sido filtrado, seguido de una fase de separación y cribado (5) de un producto fertilizante obtenido y de larvas, y de su empaquetado para su expedición fuera de las instalaciones. 2a.- Orujera ecológica o natural, según primera reivindicación, caracterizada porque la superficie de los citados estantes o cintas de los trenes de metabolización (3), está cubierta con tapetes sintéticos micro perforados o porosos, renovados en cada ciclo del proceso de tratamiento del alperujo, o bien por cintas transportadoras, provistas de orificios o ranuras, dimensionadas en función del peso en su nivel máximo de carga. 1st.- Ecological or natural pomace, constituted by a system for the use and elimination of a raw material formed by alperujos, alpeorujos, alpechines, grape skins and other by-products and organic waste of different classifications, through the use of insect larval biomass , through a process that includes a cycle of treatment of said raw material, which begins with a stage of its reception and storage (2), followed by a stage of digestive treatment using larval biomass, which ends with the issuance of a natural fertilizer such as product obtained, together with larvae in their highest stage of growth characterized in that the aforementioned process is carried out in a building (1) or industrial warehouse provided with means of thermal insulation, renewal and filtering of the air and controlled air conditioning of the environmental parameters of temperature, humidity, levels of CO2 and ammonia, required, depending on the type of insect larvae used, d where the facilities of the aforementioned stage of reception and storage (2) of raw material, comprise a reception pit-hopper, connected by means of an endless screw or conveyor belt with a deposit-hopper for stabilization of the raw material, prior to treatment digestive through larval biomass, which is carried out through metabolization trains (3), which comprise a plurality of elongated horizontal surfaces, in the form of shelves or ribbons, stacked one on top of the other as a shelf, where the aforementioned are distributed homogeneously raw materials with a larval biomass, by means of a screw-worm or a distribution belt, using in the process a plurality of metabolization trains (3), distributed in the available space, in parallel and aligned with each other, ending the process by means of a filtering and recovery of the larvae, by means of a trommel, sieve, sieve or sieve and a drying phase (4) and sterilization of the organic matter. ca and the sacrifice of the larval biomass coming from the metabolization trains (3) and that has not been filtered, followed by a separation and screening phase (5) of a fertilizer product obtained and of the larvae, and their packaging for their off-site dispatch. 2 .- Orujera ecological or natural, according to the first claim, characterized in that the surface of the aforementioned shelves or belts of the metabolization trains (3), is covered with micro-perforated or porous synthetic mats, renewed in each cycle of the treatment process of the alperujo, or by conveyor belts, provided with holes or slots, sized according to the weight at its maximum load level.
3a.- Orujera ecológica o natural, según al menos alguna de las anteriores reivindicaciones, caracterizada porque las superficies de cada nivel de los trenes de metabolización (3), son cintas transportadoras contrapeadas entre sí, de forma que descargan sobre las que se encuentran en el nivel inmediatamente inferior y así sucesivamente hasta llegar al nivel inferior. 3 .- Orujera ecological or natural, according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surfaces of each level of the metabolization trains (3), are conveyor belts offset from each other, so that they discharge on which they are in the immediately lower level and so on until reaching the lower level.
4a.- Orujera ecológica o natural, según al menos alguna de las anteriores reivindicaciones, caracterizada porque los trenes de metabolización (3), cuentan con alguno de los elementos siguientes: o Reguladores de humedad por tramos, mediante pulverizadores de agua y de recirculación de lixiviados o Difusores de aire frió o caliente por tramos o Sondas de temperatura y de humedad mediante sondas dentro y fuera de la Biomasa. o Niveladores del volumen y altura de la capa de biomasa, mediante enrasadores. o Elementos separadores horizontales de compartimentación de las superficies del tren junto con básculas de pesaje. o Sistemas de nivelación por laser. o Túnel de esterilización o Ciclón o soplador en la etapa final del proceso para secado de la biomasa antes de su criba o tamizado. o Colectores y recogedores de lixiviados. 5a.- Orujera ecológica o natural, según al menos alguna de las anteriores reivindicaciones, caracterizada porque la planta dispone de fuentes alternativas de suministro de energía: gas, fotovoltaica, geotérmica, en función de su ubicación y acceso a puntos de suministro, junto con una instalación de cogeneración con biogas procedente de digestores de metanización. 4 .- Ecological or natural pomace, according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metabolization trains (3) have one of the following elements: o Humidity regulators by sections, by means of water and recirculation sprayers of leachates o Cold or hot air diffusers by sections o Temperature and humidity probes by means of probes inside and outside the Biomass. o Levelers of the volume and height of the biomass layer, by means of screeds. o Horizontal separating elements for partitioning the surfaces of the train together with weighing scales. o Laser leveling systems. o Sterilization tunnel o Cyclone or blower in the final stage of the process for drying the biomass before its screening or sieving. o Collectors and leachate collectors. 5 a.- Ecological or natural pomace, according to at least one of the previous claims, characterized in that the plant has alternative sources of energy supply: gas, photovoltaic, geothermal, depending on its location and access to supply points, together with with a cogeneration facility with biogas from methanation digesters.
6a.- Orujera ecológica o natural, según al menos alguna de las anteriores reivindicaciones, caracterizada porque los estantes o cintas de los trenes de metabolización (3), alcanzan hasta ochenta metros de longitud, apilados en columnas de veinte estantes o cintas en altura, alcanzando los seis metros de altura. 6 .- Orujera ecological or natural, according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shelves or belts of the metabolization trains (3), reach up to eighty meters in length, stacked in columns of twenty shelves or belts in height , reaching six meters in height.
7a.- Orujera ecológica o natural, según al menos alguna de las anteriores reivindicaciones, caracterizada porque cuenta con una zona de desarrollo de la biomasa larvaria conectada a una canalización de extracción de los lodos estabilizados de los depósitos de alperujos, empleados como dieta para las larvas de insecto neonatas. 7 .- Ecological or natural pomace, according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a larval biomass development area connected to a channel for extracting stabilized sludge from alperujo deposits, used as a diet for neonate insect larvae.
8a.- Orujera ecológica o natural, según al menos alguna de las anteriores reivindicaciones, caracterizada porque comprende un mecanismo de regulación de la cantidad de larvas en la biomasa de los estantes o cintas de los trenes de metabolización, mediante adición de nuevas larvas o procedentes de la citada zona de desarrollo de la biomasa larvaria y por recuperación mediante el filtrado de la biomasa producida en el tratamiento o biodigestión del alperujo. 8 .- Orujera ecological or natural, according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a mechanism for regulating the number of larvae in the biomass of the shelves or belts of the metabolization trains, by adding new larvae or from the aforementioned larval biomass development area and by recovery by filtering the biomass produced in the treatment or biodigestion of the alperujo.
PCT/ES2021/070643 2020-11-03 2021-09-03 Organic or natural oil extraction plant WO2022096760A1 (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2103206A1 (en) * 1995-12-27 1997-08-16 Hidalgo Cicuendez Arturo Industrial process for the treatment, recycling and conversion of olive juice and olive waste into pure organic fertilizers
ES2110912A1 (en) * 1996-01-17 1998-02-16 Moreno Angel Garcia Integral process for the industrial utilization of the bitter waste liquid from olive pressing ("alpechin") and its purification in oil mills (presses) and centres for purifying the two phases resulting from olive oil extraction
KR101339105B1 (en) * 2013-05-16 2013-12-09 주식회사 누리 An automatical conveyor system for mass food waste using bsf
ES2545278A1 (en) * 2014-03-07 2015-09-09 Alejandro BLANCO TORRES Plant and process for the treatment of by-products derived from the extraction of virgin olive oil (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
JP2020028822A (en) * 2018-08-21 2020-02-27 株式会社アグリオリーブ小豆島 Method for treatment of olive pomace

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2103206A1 (en) * 1995-12-27 1997-08-16 Hidalgo Cicuendez Arturo Industrial process for the treatment, recycling and conversion of olive juice and olive waste into pure organic fertilizers
ES2110912A1 (en) * 1996-01-17 1998-02-16 Moreno Angel Garcia Integral process for the industrial utilization of the bitter waste liquid from olive pressing ("alpechin") and its purification in oil mills (presses) and centres for purifying the two phases resulting from olive oil extraction
KR101339105B1 (en) * 2013-05-16 2013-12-09 주식회사 누리 An automatical conveyor system for mass food waste using bsf
ES2545278A1 (en) * 2014-03-07 2015-09-09 Alejandro BLANCO TORRES Plant and process for the treatment of by-products derived from the extraction of virgin olive oil (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
JP2020028822A (en) * 2018-08-21 2020-02-27 株式会社アグリオリーブ小豆島 Method for treatment of olive pomace

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