WO2022092842A1 - 광학 디바이스 - Google Patents
광학 디바이스 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022092842A1 WO2022092842A1 PCT/KR2021/015292 KR2021015292W WO2022092842A1 WO 2022092842 A1 WO2022092842 A1 WO 2022092842A1 KR 2021015292 W KR2021015292 W KR 2021015292W WO 2022092842 A1 WO2022092842 A1 WO 2022092842A1
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Images
Classifications
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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- G02F1/13398—Spacer materials; Spacer properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
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- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/28—Adhesive materials or arrangements
Definitions
- This application relates to an optical device.
- Non-Patent Document 1 (“Tight Bonding of Two Plastic Substrates for Flexible LCDs” SID Symposium Digest, 38, pp. 653-656 (2007)) forms an organic film pattern in the form of a column or wall with a cell gap height on one substrate, It discloses a technology for fixing to the opposite substrate using an adhesive, however, in this technology, the adhesive must be located only on the column or wall, and the technology of micro-stamping the adhesive on the column or wall has a high process difficulty, and the adhesive It is difficult to control the thickness and area of the substrate, there is a high possibility that the adhesive is pushed out during bonding of the upper and lower substrates, and there is a possibility that the adhesive may be contaminated into the alignment layer or liquid crystal.
- a spacer and an alignment film are formed on the lower substrate, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer having both liquid crystal alignment and adhesion is formed on the upper substrate and then adhered.
- this structure is vulnerable to external pressure due to the very low modulus of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, so it is difficult to obtain good quality in the autoclave process of high temperature and high pressure.
- cell gap collapse or poor flow and/or flocking of the liquid crystal may occur, which causes a decrease in the electro-optical properties and appearance uniformity of the liquid crystal cell. do.
- the present application provides an optical device in which the cell gap of the liquid crystal cell is properly maintained, has excellent adhesion between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and minimizes defects such as pressing or rolling, thereby securing structural stability and good quality uniformity. .
- the corresponding physical property is a physical property measured at room temperature.
- room temperature refers to a natural temperature that has not been heated or reduced, usually at a temperature in the range of about 10°C to 30°C, or on the order of about 23°C or about 25°C.
- the unit of temperature is °C.
- the corresponding physical property is a physical property measured at normal pressure.
- atmospheric pressure refers to a natural temperature that has not been pressurized or depressurized, and usually about 1 atmosphere is referred to as atmospheric pressure.
- This application relates to an optical device.
- 1 exemplarily shows the optical device of the present application.
- the optical device includes a first outer substrate 100a, a second outer substrate 100b disposed to face the first outer substrate 100a, and a second outer substrate 100a and the first outer substrate 100a.
- the liquid crystal element 300 positioned between the substrates 100b may be included.
- the optical device may include at least one intermediate layer positioned between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal element and between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal element.
- 1 is an optical diagram including intermediate layers 200a and 200b respectively positioned between a first outer substrate 100a and a liquid crystal element 300 and between the second outer substrate 100b and a liquid crystal element 300 .
- the device is shown as an example.
- the optical device may further include an outer layer 400 surrounding the side surface of the liquid crystal element 300 .
- the optical device according to the present application controls the relationship between the thickness of the outer layer and the liquid crystal element or the relationship between the storage elastic modulus of the outer layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, thereby minimizing the pressing and/or rolling defects that may occur during bonding of the optical device and the outer substrate. can do.
- the optical device of the present application may satisfy Equation 1 below.
- T1 is the thickness of the outer layer
- T2 is the thickness of the liquid crystal element
- the thickness T1 of the outer layer may mean the thickness of the corresponding layer or film when the outer layer is composed of a single layer or a single film.
- the thickness T1 of the outer layer may mean the sum of the thicknesses of the plurality of layers or the plurality of films when the outer layer includes a plurality of layers or a plurality of films.
- the thickness T2 of the liquid crystal device may mean, for example, the sum of the thicknesses of the first base layer, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, the spacer, and the second base layer.
- the lower limit of the T1-T2) value may be preferably -T2 ⁇ 0.4 or more.
- the lower limit of the thickness difference (T1-T2) value is specifically, -T2 ⁇ 0.3 or more, -T2 ⁇ 0.2 or more, -T2 ⁇ 0.1 or more, -T2 ⁇ 0.08 or more, -T2 ⁇ 0.06 or more, -T2 ⁇ 0.04 or more or -T2 ⁇ 0.02 or more.
- the value of the difference (T1-T2) between the thicknesses of the outer layer and the liquid crystal element is too large, damage to the outer substrate may occur during bonding of the optical device, so the difference (T1-T2) between the thickness of the outer layer and the liquid crystal element
- the upper limit of the value is T2 ⁇ 0.4 or less.
- the upper limit of the thickness difference (T1-T2) value may be T2 ⁇ 0.35 or less, T2 ⁇ 0.3 or less, or T2 ⁇ 0.25 or less.
- the thickness T1 of the outer layer and the thickness T2 of the liquid crystal element may be appropriately selected within a range satisfying Equation 1.
- the thickness T1 of the outer layer may be in the range of 60 ⁇ m to 840 ⁇ m.
- the thickness T2 of the liquid crystal device may be in the range of 100 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m.
- the optical device of the present application may satisfy Equation 2 below.
- G1 is the storage modulus at 25°C of the outer layer
- G2 is the storage modulus at 25°C of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
- the storage modulus may be a value measured at a frequency of 6 rad/sec.
- the storage elastic modulus (G1) of the outer layer is smaller than the storage elastic modulus (G2) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, pressing and/or packing failure may occur in the liquid crystal element during bonding of the optical device. Therefore, the storage elastic modulus (G1) of the outer layer is, It may be controlled to be equal to the storage modulus (G2) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or to be greater than the storage modulus (G2) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
- the storage modulus G1 of the outer layer may mean the storage modulus of the corresponding layer or film when the outer layer is composed of a single layer or a single film.
- the storage modulus (G1) of the outer layer means the storage modulus of a laminate of a plurality of layers or a laminate of a plurality of films when the outer layer is composed of a plurality of layers or a plurality of films, or a plurality of layers or a plurality of films It may mean the storage modulus of individual layers or individual films constituting the .
- any one of the storage modulus of the MD axis and the storage modulus of the TD axis may satisfy Equation 2 above, or both the storage modulus of the MD axis and the storage modulus of the TD axis may satisfy Equation 2 above.
- the MD axis and the TD axis may be perpendicular to each other.
- the value of the difference (G1-G2) between the storage elastic modulus of the outer layer and the storage elastic modulus of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be, for example, 9999.99 MPa or less.
- the value of the difference (G1-G2) between the storage elastic modulus of the outer layer and the storage elastic modulus of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is excessively large, damage may occur during bonding with the outer substrate, and thus it may be advantageous to control within the above range.
- the value of the difference (G1-G2) of the storage modulus may be 9,500 MPa or less, 9,000 MPa or less, 9,500 MPa or less, 8,000 MPa or less, 8,500 MPa or less, 7,000 MPa or 6,500 MPa or less.
- the value of the difference (G1-G2) between the storage elastic modulus of the outer layer and the storage elastic modulus of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be, for example, 0 MPa or more.
- the value of the difference (G1-G2) of the storage elastic modulus may be 1 MPa or more, 5 MPa or more, 10 MPa or more, 20 MPa or more, 40 MPa or more, 60 MPa or more, or 80 MPa or more.
- the storage modulus (G1) of the outer layer and the storage modulus (G2) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be appropriately selected within a range satisfying Equation (2).
- the storage modulus (G1) of the outer layer may be in the range of 0.1 MPa to 10,000 MPa.
- the storage modulus (G1) of the outer layer may be 1 MPa or more, 5 MPa or more, 10 MPa or more, 100 MPa or more, 500 MPa or more, 1,000 MPa or more, or 1,500 MPa or more, and 10,000 MPa or less, 9,000 MPa or less , 8,000 MPa or less, 7,000 MPa or less, 6,000 MPa or less, 5,000 MPa or less, 4,000 MPa or less, 3000 MPa or less 2,000 MPa or less, 1000 MPa or less, 800 MPa or less, 600 MPa or less, 400 MPa or less, 200 MPa or less, or 100 MPa or less may be below.
- the storage modulus (G2) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be in the range of 0.01 MPa to 1 Mpa. Specifically, the storage modulus (G2) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be 0.02 MPa or more, 0.04 MPa, 0.06 MPa, 0.08 MPa or 0.1 MPa or more, and may be 0.8 MPa or less, 0.6 MPa or less, 0.4 MPa or less, or 0.2 MPa or less.
- the storage elastic modulus of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is too large, it may be difficult to satisfy the above conditions, and when the storage elastic modulus of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is too small, the pressure-sensitive adhesive is pressed or pushed during bonding of the liquid crystal device, resulting in electro-optical properties and uniformity of appearance may be inhibited, so that the storage modulus may be advantageously controlled within the above range.
- the optical device of the present application may satisfy both Equations 1 and 2. In this way, it is possible to effectively minimize pressing and/or rolling defects that may occur during bonding of the optical device.
- the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate may each independently be an inorganic substrate or a plastic substrate. It does not restrict
- a glass substrate having excellent light transmittance may be used as the inorganic substrate.
- the glass substrate may include, for example, a soda lime glass substrate, a general tempered glass substrate, a borosilicate glass substrate, or an alkali-free glass substrate, but is not limited thereto.
- the polymer substrate examples include a cellulose film such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC) or diacetyl cellulose (DAC); COP (cyclo olefin copolymer) films such as norbornene derivatives; Acrylic film such as PAR (Polyacrylate) or PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate); PC (polycarbonate) film; PE (polyethylene) or PP (polypropylene), etc.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- DAC diacetyl cellulose
- COP cyclo olefin copolymer
- Acrylic film such as PAR (Polyacrylate) or PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate); PC (polycarbonate) film; PE (polyethylene) or PP (polypropylene), etc.
- Polyolefin film PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) film; PI (polyimide) film; Sulfone-based films such as PSF (polysulfone) film, PPS (polyphenylsulfone) film, or PES (polyethersulfone) film; PEEK (polyetheretherketon) film; PEI (polyetherimide) film; PEN (polyethylenenaphthatlate) film or polyester such as PET (polyethyleneterephtalate) film A film based on a film; , a functional layer such as an antireflection layer may be present.
- PSF polysulfone
- PPS polyphenylsulfone
- PES polyethersulfone
- PEEK polyetheretherketon
- PEI polyetherimide
- PEN polyethylenenaphthatlate film or polyester such as PET (polyethyleneterephtalate) film
- the first outer substrate and/or the second outer substrate may be a glass substrate.
- a glass substrate may be bonded to both sides of the liquid crystal device or a glass substrate to one side of the liquid crystal device and a film substrate to the other side of the liquid crystal device.
- the liquid crystal device is vulnerable to external pressure due to the use of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, so defects such as cell gap collapse or liquid crystal flow or crowding may occur in a glass bonding process such as autoclave at high temperature and high pressure.
- the present invention by controlling the thickness of the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer, the defect can be minimized and the structural stability of the optical device and the uniformity of quality can be secured.
- Each of the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate may have a thickness of about 0.3 mm or more.
- the thickness may be about 0.5 mm or more, 1 mm or more, 1.5 mm or more, or about 2 mm or more, and about 10 mm or less, 9 mm or less, 8 mm or less, 7 mm or less, 6 mm or less, 5 mm or less , 4 mm or less or about 3 mm or less.
- the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate may be a flat substrate or a substrate having a curved shape.
- the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate may be flat substrates or have a curved surface at the same time, or one may be a flat substrate and the other may be a curved substrate.
- each curvature or radius of curvature may be the same or different.
- the curvature or radius of curvature may be measured in a manner known in the industry, for example, a 2D Profile Laser Sensor (laser sensor), a Chromatic confocal line sensor (confocal sensor), or a non-contact equipment such as 3D Measuring Confocal Microscopy can be measured using Methods for measuring curvature or radius of curvature using such equipment are known.
- laser sensor 2D Profile Laser Sensor
- confocal sensor Chromatic confocal line sensor
- 3D Measuring Confocal Microscopy can be measured using Methods for measuring curvature or radius of curvature using such equipment are known.
- the curvature or radius of curvature of the opposite surfaces that is, in the case of the first outer substrate, the second outer substrate
- the curvature or radius of curvature of the surface opposite to the first outer substrate and the curvature or radius of curvature of the surface opposite to the first outer substrate in the case of the second outer substrate may be a reference.
- the largest curvature or radius of curvature may be the criterion, or the smallest curvature or radius of curvature may be the criterion, or the average curvature or average A radius of curvature may be a criterion.
- the difference in curvature or radius of curvature of the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate is within about 10%, within 9%, within 8%, within 7%, within 6%, within 5%, within 4%, and within 3%, respectively. , may be within 2% or within about 1%.
- the difference in the curvature or radius of curvature is a numerical value calculated as 100 ⁇ (CL-CS)/CS when a large curvature or radius of curvature is CL and a small radius or radius of curvature is CS.
- the lower limit of the difference in the curvature or the radius of curvature is not particularly limited.
- the difference between the curvatures or radii of curvature of the first and second outer substrates may be the same, the difference between the curvatures or radii of curvature may be greater than or equal to about 0% or greater than about 0%.
- the control of the curvature or radius of curvature as described above is useful in a structure in which the liquid crystal element contacts the intermediate layer, such as the optical device of the present application. That is, when the curvature or the radius of curvature exceeds 10%, when the outer substrate and the liquid crystal device are in contact with the liquid crystal device as an intermediate layer, which will be described later, a problem may occur in which the bonded outer substrate is opened due to a decrease in bonding force. However, if it is controlled within 10%, it is possible to effectively prevent the problem that the bonded outer substrate is caused by a decrease in bonding force.
- the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate may have the same sign of curvature.
- both the first and second outer substrates may be curved in the same direction. That is, in this case, both the center of curvature of the first outer substrate and the center of curvature of the second outer substrate exist in the same portion among the upper and lower portions of the first and second outer substrates.
- the first and second outer substrates can be more efficiently bonded as an intermediate layer, and after bonding, the first and second outer substrates, the liquid crystal element and/or the Alternatively, it is possible to more effectively prevent a decrease in the adhesion force of the polarizer.
- each of the first and second outer substrates has a radius of curvature of about 100R or more, 200R or more, 300R or more, 400R or more, 500R or more, 600R or more, 700R or more, 800R or more, or about 900R or more, or about 10,000R or less.
- R means the degree of curvature of a circle having a radius of 1 mm.
- 100R is the degree of curvature of a circle having a radius of 100 mm or the radius of curvature for such a circle.
- the first and second outer substrates may have the same or different radii of curvature within the above range.
- the radius of curvature of the substrate having the greater curvature may be within the above range.
- a substrate having a larger curvature among them may be a substrate disposed in a direction of gravity rather than when an optical device is used.
- the optical device may not include a polarizer between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal element and between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal element.
- 1 exemplarily shows an optical device that does not include a polarizer.
- the optical device may further include a polarizer in at least one of a position between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal element and between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal element.
- 2 exemplarily shows an optical device including a polarizer 500a positioned between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal element and the second polarizer 500b positioned between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal element.
- the optical device includes an intermediate layer 200a positioned between the first outer substrate and the first polarizer, an intermediate layer 200b positioned between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal element, and an intermediate layer 200c positioned between the liquid crystal element and the second polarizer. , an intermediate layer 200d positioned between the second polarizer and the second outer substrate.
- polarizer refers to a film, sheet, or device having a polarization function.
- a polarizer is a functional element capable of extracting light vibrating in one direction from incident light vibrating in multiple directions.
- the polarizer may be an absorption type polarizer or a reflection type polarizer.
- the absorption-type polarizer refers to a device that selectively transmits and absorbs incident light.
- the polarizer may transmit, for example, light vibrating in one direction from incident light vibrating in multiple directions, and may absorb light vibrating in the other direction.
- the reflective polarizer refers to a device exhibiting selective transmission and reflection characteristics with respect to incident light.
- the polarizer may transmit light vibrating in one direction from incident light vibrating in multiple directions, and may reflect light vibrating in the other direction.
- the polarizer may be an absorption type polarizer.
- the polarizer may be a linear polarizer.
- the linear polarizer refers to a case in which selectively transmitted light is linearly polarized light vibrating in one direction, and selectively absorbed or reflected light is linearly polarized light vibrating in a direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light.
- the light transmission axis and the light absorption axis may be perpendicular to each other.
- the light transmission axis and the light reflection axis may be perpendicular to each other.
- the polarizer may be a stretched polymer film dyed with iodine or anisotropic dye, respectively.
- a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) stretched film may be exemplified.
- each of the first polarizer and the second polarizer may be a guest-host type polarizer in which a liquid crystal polymerized in an aligned state is a host, and an anisotropic dye arranged according to the alignment of the liquid crystal is a guest.
- each of the polarizers may be a thermotropic liquid crystal film or a lyotropic liquid crystal film.
- a protective film, an antireflection film, a retardation film, an adhesive layer, an adhesive layer, a surface treatment layer, etc. may be additionally formed on one or both surfaces of the polarizer, respectively.
- the retardation film may be, for example, a 1/4 wave plate or a 1/2 wave plate.
- the quarter wave plate may have an in-plane retardation value of about 100 nm to 180 nm, 100 nm, or 150 nm for light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the 1/2 wave plate may have an in-plane retardation value of about 200 nm to 300 nm or 250 nm to 300 nm for light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the retardation film may be, for example, a polymer stretched film or a liquid crystal polymerization film.
- the transmittance of the polarizer with respect to light having a wavelength of 550 nm may be in the range of 40% to 50%, respectively.
- the transmittance may mean a single transmittance of the polarizer with respect to light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the single transmittance of the polarizer can be measured using, for example, a spectrometer (V7100, manufactured by Jasco). For example, with the polarizer sample (not including the upper and lower protective films) mounted on the device, air is set as the base line, and the transmittance of each transmittance is measured with the axis of the polarizer sample aligned vertically and horizontally with the axis of the reference polarizer. After the measurement, the single transmittance can be calculated.
- the angle between the average optical axis (vector sum of optical axes) of the first alignment state and the light absorption axis of the polarizer is about 80 from about 100 degrees or from about 85 degrees to about 95 degrees, or disposed in the optical device to be about vertical, or from 35 degrees to about 55 degrees or from about 40 degrees to about 50 degrees, or to be about 45 degrees.
- the liquid crystal element is a first base layer (10a), a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (10c) formed on the inside of the first base layer, a second base layer (20a) disposed opposite to the first base layer (10a) , a spacer 20c formed inside the second base layer 20a and a liquid crystal layer 30 positioned between the first base layer 10a and the second base layer 10b.
- an inorganic film or polymer film such as a glass film, a crystalline or amorphous silicon film, a quartz or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film, etc. may be used, and a flexible device Polymer films may be used in implementation aspects.
- each of the first base layer and the second base layer may be a polymer film.
- the polymer film include triacetyl cellulose (TAC); COP (cyclo olefin copolymer) such as norbornene derivatives; PMMA(poly(methyl methacrylate); PC(polycarbonate); PE(polyethylene); PP(polypropylene); PVA(polyvinyl alcohol); DAC(diacetyl cellulose); Pac(Polyacrylate); PES(poly ether sulfone); PEEK(polyetheretherketon) ); PPS (polyphenylsulfone), PEI (polyetherimide); PEN (polyethylenemaphthatlate); PET (polyethyleneterephtalate); PI (polyimide); PSF (polysulfone); No.
- a coating layer of a silicon compound such as gold, silver, silicon dioxide or silicon monoxide or a coating layer such as an antireflection layer may be
- Each of the first base layer and the second base layer may have a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m to about 1,000 ⁇ m.
- the base layer may have a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m or more, 40 ⁇ m or more, 60 ⁇ m or more, 80 ⁇ m or more, 100 ⁇ m or more, 120 ⁇ m or more, 140 ⁇ m or more, 160 ⁇ m or more, or about 180 ⁇ m or more, It may be about 900 ⁇ m or less, 800 ⁇ m or less, 700 ⁇ m or less, 600 ⁇ m or less, 500 ⁇ m or less, or about 400 ⁇ m or less.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be optically transparent.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may have an average transmittance of about 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more for a visible light region, for example, a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be a liquid crystal aligning pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be, for example, a vertically-oriented pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or a horizontally-oriented pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
- vertically oriented pressure-sensitive adhesive may refer to an adhesive having an adhesive force capable of adhering an upper substrate and a lower substrate while providing a vertical alignment force to an adjacent liquid crystal compound.
- horizontal alignment adhesive may refer to an adhesive having an adhesive force capable of adhering an upper substrate and a lower substrate while imparting a horizontal alignment force to an adjacent liquid crystal compound.
- the pretilt angle of the adjacent liquid crystal compound with respect to the vertical alignment adhesive may be in the range of 80 degrees to 90 degrees, 85 degrees to 90 degrees, or about 87 degrees to 90 degrees, and the pretilt angle of the adjacent liquid crystal compound with respect to the horizontal alignment adhesive This can be in the range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees, 0 degrees to 5 degrees or 0 degrees to 3 degrees.
- the pretilt angle may mean an angle formed by the director of the liquid crystal compound with respect to a plane horizontal to the liquid crystal aligning adhesive or the alignment layer in a state where no voltage is applied.
- the director of the liquid crystal compound may refer to an optical axis or a slow axis of the liquid crystal layer.
- the director of the liquid crystal compound may mean a long axis direction when the liquid crystal compound has a rod shape, and may mean an axis parallel to the normal direction of the plane of the disk when the liquid crystal compound has a discotic shape.
- the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be, for example, in the range of 3 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is within the above range, it may be advantageous to minimize defects such as pressing or pushing of the pressure-sensitive adhesive when used in manufacturing a liquid crystal device while securing adhesion between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer various types of pressure-sensitive adhesives known in the industry as so-called Optically Clear Adhesive (OCA) can be appropriately used.
- OCA Optically Clear Adhesive
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive may be different from an optically clear resin (OCR) type adhesive that is cured after the object to be attached is cured in that it is cured before the object to be attached is cemented.
- OCR optically clear resin
- the adhesive for example, an acrylic, silicone, epoxy or urethane adhesive may be applied.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may include a cured product of the pressure-sensitive adhesive resin.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may include a silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesive.
- the silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive may include a cured product of a curable silicone compound as an adhesive resin.
- the type of the curable silicone compound is not particularly limited, and, for example, a heat-curable silicone compound or an ultraviolet-curable silicone compound may be used.
- the curable silicone compound may be referred to as an adhesive resin.
- the curable silicone compound may be an addition curable silicone compound.
- the addition-curable silicone compound may be exemplified by (1) an organopolysiloxane containing two or more alkenyl groups in a molecule and (2) an organopolysiloxane containing two or more silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in a molecule.
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the silicone compound as described above can form a cured product by addition reaction in the presence of a catalyst to be described later, for example.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group other than the alkenyl group, specifically, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, or a heptyl group; an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group or a naphthyl group; an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group or a phenentyl group; It may be a halogen-substituted alkyl group such as a chloromethyl group, a 3-chloropropyl group, or a 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group.
- an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group
- R 2 is an alkenyl group, and specifically, may be a vinyl group, an allyl group, a butenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group, or a heptenyl group.
- organopolysiloxane (2) that can be used in the present application include methylhydrogenpolysiloxane blocking trimethylsiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain, dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogen copolymer blocking both ends of the molecular chain, and trimethylsiloxane groups.
- An organopolysiloxane copolymer comprising, an organopolysiloxane copolymer comprising a siloxane unit represented by R 1 2 HSiO 1/2 and a siloxane unit represented by SiO 4/2
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group other than the alkenyl group, specifically, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, or a heptyl group; an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group or a naphthyl group; an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group or a phenentyl group; It may be a halogen-substituted alkyl group such as a chloromethyl group, a 3-chloropropyl group, or a 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group.
- an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group
- the surface energy When the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is a vertically oriented pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, the surface energy may be 16 mN/m or less. The lower limit of the surface energy may be, for example, 5 mN/m or more. When the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is a horizontally oriented pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, the surface energy may be greater than 16 mN/m. The upper limit of the surface energy may be, for example, 50 mN/m or less.
- Surface energy can be measured using a drop shape analyzer (Drop Shape Analyzer, KRUSS's DSA100 product). Specifically, drop deionized water with a known surface tension on the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive and repeat the process of obtaining the contact angle 5 times to obtain the average value of the obtained five contact angle values.
- a drop shape analyzer Drop Shape Analyzer, KRUSS's DSA100 product
- the surface tension is known Drop the diiodomethane and repeat the process of obtaining the contact angle 5 times to obtain the average value of the obtained 5 contact angle values. Then, the surface energy was obtained by substituting a numerical value (Strom value) for the surface tension of the solvent by the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method using the obtained average of the contact angles for deionized water and diiodomethane.
- the upper substrate and the lower substrate of the liquid crystal device may be attached to each other by an adhesive layer.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the upper substrate and the spacer of the lower substrate may be attached.
- a region corresponding to the spacer of the alignment layer may be attached to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the upper substrate.
- the liquid crystal layer may include a liquid crystal compound.
- a liquid crystal compound whose alignment direction can be changed by application of an external action may be used.
- the term “external action” may mean any external factor that may affect the behavior of a material included in the liquid crystal layer, for example, an external voltage. Accordingly, the state in which there is no external action may mean a state in which there is no application of an external voltage or the like.
- the type and physical properties of the liquid crystal compound may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
- the liquid crystal compound may be a nematic liquid crystal or a smectic liquid crystal.
- Nematic liquid crystal may refer to a liquid crystal in which rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules are arranged in parallel in the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules although there is no regularity in their positions. It may refer to liquid crystals that form a structure and are arranged in parallel with regularity in the major axis direction.
- the liquid crystal compound may be a nematic liquid crystal compound.
- the nematic liquid crystal compound has, for example, a clearing point of about 40°C or more, 50°C or more, 60°C or more, 70°C or more, 80°C or more, 90°C or more, 100°C or more, or about 110°C or more.
- a phase transition point within the above range that is, a phase transition point from a nematic phase to an isotropic phase may be selected.
- the clearing point or the phase transition point may be about 160 °C or less, 150 °C or less, or about 140 °C or less.
- the liquid crystal compound may be a non-reactive liquid crystal compound.
- the non-reactive liquid crystal compound may mean a liquid crystal compound having no polymerizable group.
- the polymerizable group include an acryloyl group, an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyl group, a methacryloyloxy group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxy group, a vinyl group, or an epoxy group, but is not limited thereto.
- a functional group may be included.
- the liquid crystal compound may have a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy.
- the absolute value of the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
- the term “dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ”) may mean the difference ( ⁇ //- ⁇ ) between the horizontal dielectric constant ( ⁇ //) and the vertical dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) of the liquid crystal.
- the term horizontal dielectric constant ( ⁇ //) /) denotes a dielectric constant value measured along the direction of the electric field in a state in which a voltage is applied so that the direction of the electric field by the applied voltage and the direction of the liquid crystal compound is substantially horizontal
- the vertical permittivity ( ⁇ ) is the liquid crystal compound It means a dielectric constant value measured along the direction of the electric field in a state in which a voltage is applied so that the direction of the electric field by the applied voltage is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the direction.
- the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
- the term “refractive index anisotropy” may mean a difference between an extraordinary refractive index and an ordinary refractive index of a liquid crystal compound.
- the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound may be, for example, 0.01 to 0.3.
- the refractive index anisotropy may be 0.01 or more, 0.05 or more, or 0.07 or more, and may be 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, 0.15 or less, or 0.13 or less.
- the liquid crystal layer may further include a dichroic dye.
- a dichroic dye even if the liquid crystal element includes an adhesive layer, it is less affected by cell gap fluctuations during the bonding process of the outer substrate. There is an advantage in that the thickness of the intermediate layer can be made relatively thin.
- the dichroic dye may control the light transmittance variable property of the liquid crystal layer.
- dichroic dye may mean a material capable of intensively absorbing and/or transforming light within the visible light region, for example, at least a portion or the entire range within a wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm, and the term The “dichroic dye” may refer to a material capable of anisotropic absorption of light in at least a part or the entire range of the visible light region.
- the liquid crystal layer including the liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye may be a guest host liquid crystal layer (GHLC).
- GHLC layer Guest host liquid crystal layer
- a dichroic dye is a material whose absorption rate of light varies depending on the polarization direction.
- the absorption rate of light polarized in the long-axis direction is large, it is called a p-type dye, and if the absorption rate of light polarized in the short-axis direction is large, it is called an n-type dye.
- a p-type dye polarized light vibrating in the long axis direction of the dye is absorbed, and polarized light vibrating in the short axis direction of the dye is absorbed and transmitted therethrough.
- the dichroic dye is a p-type dye, unless otherwise specified.
- the dichroic dye for example, a known dye known to have a property of being aligned according to the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound by the so-called guest host effect may be selected and used.
- dichroic dyes include azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, methine dyes, azomethine dyes, merocyanine dyes, naphthoquinone dyes, tetrazine dyes, phenylene dyes, quinerylene dyes, benzothiadiazole dyes, poly There are iketopyrrolopyrrole dyes, squaraine dyes or pyromethene dyes, but the dyes applicable in the present application are not limited thereto.
- the dichroic dye has a dichroic ratio, that is, a value obtained by dividing the absorption of polarized light parallel to the major axis direction of the dichroic dye by the absorption of polarized light parallel to the direction perpendicular to the major axis direction is 5 or more, 6 or more, or 7 or more Dyes may be used.
- the dye may satisfy the dichroic ratio at at least some wavelengths or any one wavelength within the wavelength range of the visible light region, for example, about 380 nm to 700 nm or about 400 nm to 700 nm.
- the upper limit of the dichroic ratio may be, for example, about 20 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, or 14 or less.
- the content of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal layer may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
- the content of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal layer may be 0.1 wt% or more, 0.25 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 0.75 wt% or more, 1 wt% or more, 1.25 wt% or more, or 1.5 wt% or more.
- the upper limit of the content of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal layer is, for example, 5.0 wt% or less, .4.0 wt% or less, 3.0 wt% or less, 2.75 wt% or less, 2.5 wt% or less, 2.25 wt% or less, 2.0 wt% or less, 1.75 wt% or less, or 1.5 wt% or less.
- an optical device having excellent transmittance variable characteristics may be provided.
- an optical device having excellent transmittance variable characteristics may be provided as the content of the dichroic dye increases within the above range.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited, for example, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is about 0.01 ⁇ m or more, 0.05 ⁇ m or more, 0.1 ⁇ m or more, 0.5 ⁇ m or more, 1 ⁇ m or more, 1.5 ⁇ m or more, 2 ⁇ m or more, 2.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited, and may generally be about 30 ⁇ m or less, 25 ⁇ m or less, 20 ⁇ m or less, or 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the liquid crystal layer may switch between a first alignment state and a second alignment state different from the first alignment state.
- the switching may be controlled, for example, through the application of an external energy such as a voltage.
- the liquid crystal layer may maintain any one of the first and second alignment states in a state in which no voltage is applied, and may be switched to another alignment state by applying a voltage.
- a horizontal alignment state, a vertical alignment state, a twist alignment state, an oblique alignment state, a hybrid alignment state, and the like may be exemplified.
- horizontal alignment state is a state in which the director of the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal layer is arranged substantially parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal layer, for example, the angle formed by the director of the liquid crystal compound with respect to the plane of the liquid crystal layer is, For example, it may be in the range of about -10 degrees to 10 degrees or -5 degrees to 5 degrees, or about 0 degrees.
- vertical alignment state is a state in which the director of the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal layer is arranged substantially perpendicular to the plane of the liquid crystal layer.
- the angle formed by the director of the liquid crystal compound with respect to the plane of the liquid crystal layer is, For example, it may be in the range of about 80 degrees to 100 degrees or 85 degrees to 95 degrees, or about 90 degrees.
- the "twisted alignment state” may refer to a spiral structure in which the directors of liquid crystal compounds are oriented in layers while twisting along an imaginary spiral axis in the liquid crystal layer.
- the twist orientation state may be implemented in a vertical, horizontal or oblique orientation state. That is, the vertical twist alignment mode is a state in which individual liquid crystal compounds are vertically aligned and twisted along the spiral axis to form a layer, and in the horizontal twist alignment mode, individual liquid crystal compounds are horizontally aligned and twisted along the spiral axis to form layers. It is a state formed, and the oblique twist alignment mode is a state in which individual liquid crystal compounds are twisted along a helical axis in an obliquely aligned state to form a layer.
- the “slanted alignment state” refers to an alignment state in which a tilt angle, which is an angle formed by a director of a liquid crystal compound in a liquid crystal layer with respect to the plane of the liquid crystal layer, deviates from the tilt angle of the horizontal alignment state and the tilt angle of the vertical alignment state. there is.
- the tilt angle may be, for example, greater than 10 degrees and less than 80 degrees.
- the “hybrid alignment state” may refer to an alignment state in which a tilt angle, which is an angle formed by a director of a liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal layer with respect to the plane of the liquid crystal layer, gradually increases or decreases along the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal device may further include a first electrode layer 10b formed on the inner surface of the first base layer 10a.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 10c may be present on the inner surface of the first electrode layer 10b. That is, the first electrode layer 10b may exist between the first base layer 10a and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 10c.
- the liquid crystal device may further include a second electrode layer 20b formed on the inner surface of the second base layer 20a.
- the spacer 20d may be present on the inner surface of the second electrode layer 20b. That is, the second electrode layer 20b may exist between the second base layer 20a and the spacer 20d.
- the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer may serve to provide an external action, for example, application of an electric field, so that a material included in the liquid crystal layer transmits or blocks incident light.
- the first electrode layer and/or the second electrode layer may include, but is not limited to, a conductive polymer, a conductive metal, a conductive nanowire, or a metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
- the upper and/or lower second electrode layers may be formed by depositing, for example, the conductive polymer, conductive metal, conductive nanowire, or metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO).
- the liquid crystal device may further include an alignment layer 20d present on the inner surface of the second electrode layer 20b.
- the spacer 20c may exist between the second electrode layer 20b and the alignment layer 20d.
- the alignment layer may be formed on the spacer. That is, the upper surface portion and/or the side surface portion of the spacer may be in contact with the alignment layer. A lower surface of the spacer may be in contact with the second electrode layer. Since the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may have liquid crystal alignment, an alignment layer may not be included on the inner surface of the first electrode layer.
- the combination of the first base layer, the first electrode layer, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be referred to as an upper substrate, and the combination of the second base layer, the second electrode layer, the spacer, and the alignment layer may be referred to as the lower substrate.
- the upper substrate may not include a separate alignment layer other than the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and the lower substrate may include the alignment layer.
- the alignment layer and the liquid crystal layer may be in contact with each other.
- the alignment layer may be a vertical alignment layer or a horizontal alignment layer.
- the “horizontal alignment layer” may refer to a layer including an alignment material that imparts horizontal alignment force to a liquid crystal compound present in an adjacent liquid crystal layer.
- the “vertical alignment layer” may refer to a layer including an alignment material that provides a vertical alignment force to a liquid crystal compound present in an adjacent liquid crystal layer.
- the pretilt angle of the adjacent liquid crystal compound with respect to the vertical alignment layer may be in the range of 80 degrees to 90 degrees, 85 degrees to 90 degrees, or about 87 degrees to 90 degrees, and the pretilt angle of the adjacent liquid crystal compound with respect to the horizontal alignment layer is 0 It can be in the range of degrees to 10 degrees, 0 degrees to 5 degrees or 0 degrees to 3 degrees.
- the alignment layer may not have an adhesive force for bonding the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
- the peeling force of the alignment layer with respect to the upper substrate in the state of the liquid crystal device of FIG. 2 may be close to zero.
- the alignment layer may be a rubbing alignment layer or a photo-alignment layer.
- the alignment direction of the alignment layer may be a rubbing direction in the case of a rubbing alignment layer and a direction of irradiated polarization in the case of a photo-alignment layer.
- This alignment direction can be confirmed by a detection method using an absorption-type linear polarizer. Specifically, the alignment direction can be confirmed by disposing an absorption-type linear polarizer on one surface of the liquid crystal layer in a state in which the liquid crystal compound included in the liquid crystal layer is horizontally aligned, and measuring transmittance while rotating the polarizer 360 degrees.
- the transmittance tends to be low
- the orientation direction can be confirmed through simulation reflecting the refractive index anisotropy of the applied liquid crystal compound.
- a method of confirming the alignment direction according to the mode of the liquid crystal layer is known, and in the present application, the alignment direction of the alignment layer may be confirmed by such a known method.
- a polyimide compound, a poly(vinyl alcohol) compound, a poly(amic acid) compound, a polystyrene compound, a polyamide compound, and a polyoxyethylene compound A material known to exhibit alignment ability by rubbing alignment, such as a polyoxyethylene compound, or a polyimide compound, a polyamic acid compound, a polynorbornene compound, or a phenylmaleimide copolymer ) compound, polyvinylcinnamate compound, polyazobenzene compound, polyethyleneimide compound, polyvinylalcohol compound, polyamide compound, polyethylene compound, polystyrene ( polystylene) compound, polyphenylenephthalamide compound, polyester compound, CMPI (chloromethylated polyimide) compound, PVCI (polyvinylcinnamate) compound and polymethyl methacrylate compound by light irradiation It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of materials known to exhibit orientation ability, but is not limited there
- the spacer 20c may maintain a gap between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
- a liquid crystal layer may be present in a region where a spacer does not exist between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
- the spacer may be a patterned spacer.
- the spacer may have a column shape or a partition wall shape.
- the barrier rib may divide a space between the lower substrate and the upper substrate into two or more spaces.
- another film or other layer present underneath may be exposed.
- the second electrode layer may be exposed in a region where the spacer does not exist.
- the alignment layer may cover the spacer and the second electrode layer exposed in the region where the spacer does not exist.
- the alignment layer present on the spacer of the lower substrate and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the upper substrate may be in contact with each other.
- a liquid crystal compound and the above-mentioned additives for example, a dichroic dye, a chiral agent, etc. may be present in the region where the spacer between the upper substrate and the lower substrate does not exist.
- the shape of the spacer is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be applied without limitation so as to have a polygonal shape such as a circle, an ellipse, or the like.
- the spacer may include a curable resin.
- curable resin The kind in particular of curable resin is not restrict
- a thermosetting resin or photocurable resin for example, an ultraviolet curable resin can be used.
- the thermosetting resin may be, for example, a silicone resin, a silicon resin, a fran resin, a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin, an amino resin, a phenol resin, a urea resin, a polyester resin, or a melamine resin, but is not limited thereto. .
- the ultraviolet curable resin is typically an acrylic polymer, for example, a polyester acrylate polymer, a polystyrene acrylate polymer, an epoxy acrylate polymer, a polyurethane acrylate polymer or a polybutadiene acrylate polymer, a silicone acrylate polymer or an alkyl acrylate.
- a polymer or the like may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the spacer may be formed by a patterning process.
- the spacer may be formed by a photolithography process.
- the photolithography process may include a process of applying a curable resin composition on a base layer or an electrode layer and then irradiating ultraviolet rays through a pattern mask.
- the pattern mask may be patterned into an ultraviolet transmitting region and an ultraviolet blocking region.
- the photolithography process may further include a process of washing the curable resin composition irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Since the area irradiated with ultraviolet light is cured, and the area not irradiated with ultraviolet light remains in a liquid phase, it can be removed through a washing process to form a partition wall pattern.
- a release treatment may be performed on the pattern mask to easily separate the resin composition and the pattern mask, or a release paper may be placed between the layer of the resin composition and the pattern mask.
- the width (line width), spacing (pitch), thickness, and area of the spacer may be appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present application.
- the width (line width) of the spacer may be in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m or in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the spacing (pitch) of the spacers may be in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m or in the range of 100 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the area of the spacer may be about 5% or more and 50% or less with respect to 100% of the total area of the second base layer.
- the thickness of the spacer may range, for example, from 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m or from 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the optical device may include at least one or more intermediate layers positioned between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal element, and at least one or more intermediate layers positioned between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal element. Accordingly, the optical device may comprise at least two intermediate layers. One surface of the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate may be in contact with adjacent intermediate layers, respectively. Both surfaces of the liquid crystal element may be in contact with an adjacent intermediate layer, respectively.
- the number of intermediate layers of the optical device may be determined according to whether the optical device further includes elements other than the first outer substrate, the second outer substrate, and the liquid crystal element.
- the other element may be a polarizer or the like.
- the optical device may further include an element other than the liquid crystal element, for example, a polarizer, between the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate.
- the optical device may have a structure in which a first outer substrate, an intermediate layer, a liquid crystal element, an intermediate layer, a polarizer, an intermediate layer, and a second outer substrate are stacked in this order.
- the optical device may have a structure in which a first outer substrate, an intermediate layer, a polarizer, an intermediate layer, a liquid crystal element, an intermediate layer, and a second outer substrate are stacked in this order.
- the optical device may have a structure in which a first outer substrate, an intermediate layer, a polarizer, an intermediate layer, a liquid crystal device, an intermediate layer, a polarizer, an intermediate layer, and a second outer substrate are stacked in this order.
- the optical device may not include elements other than the liquid crystal element, for example, a polarizer between the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate.
- the optical device may have a structure in which the first outer substrate, the intermediate layer, the liquid crystal element, the intermediate layer, and the second outer substrate are stacked in this order.
- the outer substrate can be bonded to both sides of the liquid crystal element through an intermediate layer. Defects such as fluidity, crowding, etc. may occur. By controlling the thickness of the intermediate layers included in the optical device, the defect may be minimized, and structural stability and uniform appearance characteristics of the optical device may be secured.
- the sum of the total thickness of the at least one or more intermediate layers may be 800 ⁇ m or more.
- the sum of the total thicknesses of the at least one or more intermediate layers means the sum of the thicknesses of all intermediate layers existing between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal element and between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal element.
- the sum of the total thickness of the at least one or more intermediate layers is 900 ⁇ m or more, 1,000 ⁇ m or more, 1,100 ⁇ m or more, 1200 ⁇ m or more, 1,300 ⁇ m or more, 1,400 ⁇ m or more, 1,500 ⁇ m or more, 1,600 ⁇ m or more, about 1,650 ⁇ m or more, 1,700 ⁇ m or more, 1,750 ⁇ m or more, 1,800 ⁇ m or more, 1,850 ⁇ m or more, 1,900 ⁇ m or more, 1,950 ⁇ m or more, 2,000 ⁇ m or more, 2,100 ⁇ m or more, 2,150 ⁇ m or more, or about 2,200 ⁇ m or more.
- the sum of the total thicknesses of the at least one or more intermediate layers is, for example, about 6,000 ⁇ m or less, 5,900 ⁇ m or less, 5,800 ⁇ m or less, 5,700 ⁇ m or less, 5,600 ⁇ m or less, 5,500 ⁇ m or less, 5,400 ⁇ m or less, 5,300 ⁇ m or less, 5,200 ⁇ m or less , 5,100 ⁇ m or less, or about 5,000 ⁇ m or less.
- the sum of the total thicknesses of the at least one or more intermediate layers is too thick, it may be advantageous to be within the above range because electro-optical properties such as transmittance properties of the optical device may be deteriorated.
- Each of the at least one intermediate layer may have a single-layer structure of one intermediate layer or may be a laminate of two or more sub-intermediate layers.
- the thickness and number of sub intermediate layers may be controlled in consideration of a desired thickness of the intermediate layer.
- the thickness of the sub-intermediate layer may be in the range of 100 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m or in the range of 300 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m.
- the total thickness (Ta) of at least one or more intermediate layers positioned between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal element and the total thickness (Tb) of at least one or more intermediate layers positioned between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal element may be about 400 ⁇ m or more, 500 ⁇ m or more, 600 ⁇ m or more, 700 ⁇ m or more, 800 ⁇ m or more, 900 ⁇ m or more, 1000 ⁇ m or more, or 1100 ⁇ m or more, and about 3,000 ⁇ m or less, 2,900 ⁇ m or less, 2,800 ⁇ m or less, It may be 2,700 ⁇ m or less, about 2,600 ⁇ m or less, about 2,500 ⁇ m or less, about 2,400 ⁇ m or less, or about 2,300 ⁇ m or less.
- the sum of the total thicknesses Ta of at least one or more intermediate layers positioned between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal element means the sum of the thicknesses of all intermediate layers present between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal element.
- the sum of the total thicknesses (Tb) of at least one or more intermediate layers positioned between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal element means the sum of the thicknesses of all intermediate layers present between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal element.
- the second outer substrate 20b and the liquid crystal element 10 are compared to the total thickness Ta of at least one or more intermediate layers 30 positioned between the first outer substrate 20a and the liquid crystal element 10 .
- the thickness ratio (Ta/Tb) of the total thickness (Tb) of the at least one or more intermediate layers (30) positioned between them may be in the range of 0.1 to 10.
- the thickness ratio (Ta/Tb) may be about 0.12 or more, about 0.13 or more, or about 0.14 or more, and may be about 9.5 or less, 9.0 or less, 8.5 or less, 8.0 or less, 7.5 or less, or about 7.0 or less. When the thickness ratio is within the range of 0.1 to 10, it is possible to more effectively improve the appearance of the liquid crystal device.
- each of the storage modulus of the at least one or more intermediate layers may be 1 MPa or more.
- the storage modulus of the intermediate layer may be 2 MPa or more or 4 MPa or more, and may be 100 MPa or less, 80 MPa or less, 60 MPa or less, 40 MPa or less, 20 MPa or less, 10 MPa or less, or 5 MPa or less.
- the storage modulus may be a value measured at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 6 rad/sec.
- each of the at least one intermediate layer may have a Youngs modulus (E) in the range of 0.1 MPa to 100 MPa.
- the Young's modulus (E) of the intermediate layer may be about 0.2 MPa or more, 0.4 MPa or more, 0.6 MPa or more, 0.8 MPa or more, 1 MPa or more, 5 MPa or more, or about 10 MPa or more, and about 95 MPa or less, 80 MPa or less , 75 MPa or less, 70 MPa or less, 65 MPa or less, 60 MPa or less, 55 MPa or less, or about 50 MPa or less.
- the Young's modulus (E), for example, can be measured in the manner prescribed in ASTM D882, cut the film in the form provided by the standard, and equipment (force and length to measure the stress-strain curve) can be simultaneously measured), for example, it can be measured using a UTM (Universal testing machine).
- UTM Universal testing machine
- the Young's modulus of the intermediate layers included in the optical device is within the above range, it may be more advantageous to ensure excellent durability of the optical device.
- each of the sub intermediate layers may satisfy the above Young's modulus range.
- each of the at least one or more intermediate layers may have a coefficient of thermal expansion of 2,000 ppm/K or less.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion is, in another example, about 1,900 ppm / K or less, 1,700 ppm / K or less, 1,600 ppm / K or less, or about 1.500 ppm / K or less, or about 10 ppm / K or more, 20 ppm / K or more, 30 ppm /K or more, 40 ppm/K or more, 50 ppm/K or more, 60 ppm/K or more, 70 ppm/K or more, 80 ppm/K or more, 90 ppm/K or more, 100 ppm/K or more, 200 ppm/K or more or more, 300 ppm/K or more, 400 ppm/K or more, 500 ppm/K or more, 60 ppm/K or more, 700 ppm/K or more, or about 800 ppm/K or more.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the intermediate layer for example, can be measured according to the regulations of ASTM D696, cut in the form provided by the standard, and the thermal expansion coefficient can be calculated by measuring the change in length per unit temperature, TMA (ThermoMechanic Analysis) can be measured by a known method.
- TMA ThermoMechanic Analysis
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the intermediate layers included in the optical device is within the above range, it may be more advantageous to ensure excellent durability of the optical device.
- each of the sub intermediate layers may satisfy the range of the coefficient of thermal expansion.
- Each of the at least one intermediate layer may be a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) adhesive layer, a polyamide adhesive layer, a polyester adhesive layer, an EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) adhesive layer, an acrylic adhesive layer, a silicone adhesive layer, or a polyolefin adhesive layer.
- TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
- EVA Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
- acrylic adhesive layer acrylic adhesive layer
- silicone adhesive layer silicone adhesive layer
- polyolefin adhesive layer there is.
- each of the at least one intermediate layer may be a thermoplastic polyurethane.
- the outer layer may surround the side surface of the liquid crystal element.
- an upper area of the liquid crystal element may be smaller than an upper area of the first outer substrate or the second outer substrate.
- the upper area of the liquid crystal element may be smaller than the upper area of at least one or more intermediate layers included in the optical device.
- the liquid crystal element may be encapsulated by an intermediate layer positioned between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal element, an intermediate layer positioned between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal element, and the outer layer.
- the term encapsulation may mean covering the entire surface of the liquid crystal device with an intermediate layer and an outer layer.
- a laminate including a first outer substrate, an intermediate layer, a liquid crystal element, an intermediate layer, and a second outer substrate sequentially and an outer layer surrounding the side surface of the liquid crystal element is compressed in a vacuum state.
- the durability and weather resistance of the optical device are greatly improved by such an encapsulation structure, and as a result, it can be stably applied to outdoor uses such as a sunroof.
- the outer layer may include, for example, a polymer film.
- the outer layer may be composed of one polymer film.
- the outer layer may be a laminate of two or more polymer films.
- an adhesive layer to which two or more polymer films are attached may be further included.
- the structure of the outer layer may be appropriately selected within a range capable of securing a desired thickness and storage modulus.
- an appropriate polymer film may be used within the range that can satisfy the storage modulus of Equation 1.
- the polymer film for example, PC (Poly carbonate) film, PE (Poly ethylene) film, TPU (Thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane layer), COP (Cyclo-olefin polymer) film, POE (Poly olefin, elastomer) film , EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) film, etc.
- PC Poly carbonate
- PE Poly ethylene
- TPU Thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane layer
- COP Cyclo-olefin polymer
- POE Poly olefin, elastomer
- EVA Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
- the present application also relates to a method of manufacturing an optical device.
- the method of manufacturing the optical device includes the steps of preparing a laminate sequentially including a first outer substrate, at least one or more intermediate layers, a liquid crystal device, at least one or more intermediate layers, and a second outer substrate, and autoclaving the laminate may include. Unless otherwise specified in the manufacturing method of the optical device, the contents described in the optical device may be equally applied.
- the laminate may further include an outer layer surrounding the side surface of the liquid crystal device.
- the laminate may further include elements other than the liquid crystal element at a desired position.
- the autoclave process may be performed by heating and/or pressing the laminate formed after the laminating step.
- the conditions of the autoclave process are not particularly limited, and, for example, may be performed under an appropriate temperature and pressure depending on the type of the applied intermediate layer.
- the temperature of a typical autoclave process is about 80° C. or more, 90° C. or more, or 100° C. or more, and the pressure is 2 atm or more, but is not limited thereto.
- the upper limit of the process temperature may be about 200 °C or less, 190 °C or less, 180 °C or less, or 170 °C or less, and the upper limit of the process pressure is about 10 atmospheres or less, 9 atmospheres or less, 8 atmospheres or less, 7 atmospheres or less, or 6 atmospheres. It may be about the following.
- the optical device as described above can be used for various purposes, and for example, eyewear such as sunglasses or eyewear for AR (Augmented Reality) or VR (Virtual Reality), exterior walls of buildings, sunroofs for vehicles, etc. can be used
- the optical device may itself be a vehicle sunroof.
- the optical device or a vehicle sunroof mounted in the opening may be mounted and used.
- the cell gap of the liquid crystal element is properly maintained, the upper substrate and the lower substrate have excellent adhesion, and defects such as pressing or rolling are minimized, thereby securing structural stability and good quality uniformity.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary optical device of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary optical device of the present application.
- FIG 3 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary liquid crystal device of the present application.
- the storage modulus was measured using DMA Q800 from TA. Specifically, the storage modulus value was recorded under the conditions of a temperature of 25 °C, a frequency of 6 rad/sec, a force of 0.01N, and a ramp rate of 3 °/min in the Multi-Frequency-Strain mode.
- a PET film having a thickness of about 145 ⁇ m and a width ⁇ height area of 900 mm ⁇ 600 mm was prepared.
- a first electrode layer was formed by depositing indium-tin-oxide (ITO) to a thickness of 50 nm on the first base layer.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition (KR-3700, Shin-Etsu) was bar-coated on the first electrode layer, and then dried at about 150° C. for about 5 minutes to form a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer having a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m.
- the storage modulus of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was about 0.1 MPa.
- a combination of the first base layer, the first electrode layer, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is referred to as an upper substrate.
- a PET film having a thickness of about 145 ⁇ m and a width ⁇ height area of 900 mm ⁇ 600 mm was prepared.
- ITO indium-tin-oxide
- a honeycomb-type spacer (barrier-wall spacer) was formed by a photolithography method.
- a regular hexagon (closed figure) constituting the honeycomb has a pitch of about 450 ⁇ m, a height of about 6 ⁇ m, and a line width of about 30 ⁇ m.
- the area of the closed figure (regular hexagon) formed by the partition wall spacer was about 2.14 mm 2 .
- a vertical alignment layer (5661, Nissan Chemical) was coated on the spacer to a thickness of about 300 nm, and then rubbed in one direction.
- a combination of the second base layer, the second electrode layer, the spacer, and the vertical alignment layer is referred to as a lower substrate.
- the liquid crystal composition includes a liquid crystal compound (JNC, T12) and a chiral dopant (HCCH, S811), and the pitch (p) of the formed liquid crystal layer was about 20 ⁇ m, and the ratio of the cell gap (d) to the pitch (p) (d/p) was about 0.3.
- the liquid crystal element is an RTN mode liquid crystal cell in a vertically aligned state when no voltage is applied. The total thickness of the liquid crystal element is about 306 mu m.
- a laminate including a surrounding outer layer was prepared.
- the second outer substrate was disposed in the direction of gravity.
- the first polarizer and the second polarizer are PVA-based polarizers, respectively, and the light transmission axis of the first polarizer and the light transmission axis of the second polarizer are arranged to form about 90 degrees.
- Each of the first intermediate layer and the fourth intermediate layer is a single layer of a TPU layer (Argotec Corporation) having a thickness of 380 ⁇ m.
- Each of the second intermediate layer and the third intermediate layer is a laminate of three TPU layers (Argotec) having a thickness of 380 ⁇ m each.
- the TPU layer (Argotec) used to form the first to fourth intermediate layers had a coefficient of thermal expansion of 307 ppm/K and a storage modulus of 2.18 MPa.
- As the outer layer a PC film (Keiwa) having a storage modulus of 2000 MPa and a thickness of 300 ⁇ m was used.
- An autoclave process was performed on the laminate at a temperature of about 110° C. and a pressure of about 2 atm to prepare an optical device having the structure of FIG. 2 .
- the storage elastic modulus in the MD direction is about 6,000 MPa
- the storage elastic modulus in the TD direction is about 3,000 MPa
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a laminate to which a layer (KR-3700, Shin-Etsu Co., Ltd.) was attached was used.
- the total thickness of the outer layer was about 300 ⁇ m.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a TPU film (Argotec) having a storage modulus of about 100 MPa and a thickness of about 380 ⁇ m was used as the outer layer.
- a TPU film Artec
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a TPU film (Argotec) having a storage modulus of about 100 MPa and a thickness of about 150 ⁇ m was used as the outer layer.
- a TPU film Artec
- a laminate of a TPU film (Argotec) having a storage modulus of about 100 MPa and a thickness of about 380 ⁇ m and a TPU film having a storage modulus of about 100 MPa and a thickness of about 150 ⁇ m (Argotec) was used. Except for that, an optical device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 2, the total thickness of the outer layer was about 530 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 It was observed whether the optical devices manufactured in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were pressed and poorly pressed in a state in which no voltage was applied. In Example 1, poor pressing and poor rolling were not observed, but as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, Comparative Example 1 was observed to be compressed and defective.
- 4 is a camera photograph of the optical device of Comparative Example 1
- FIG. 5 is a microscope image of the optical device of Comparative Example 1. As indicated in red in FIG. 4 (displayed on the left), the concentration of the dichroic dye is higher than that of the peripheral region in the case of the poor convergence region, so it appears darker than the peripheral region, and as indicated in green in FIG.
- 100a a first outer substrate, 100b; Second outer substrate, 200a, 200b, 200c, 200d: intermediate layer, 300: liquid crystal element, 400: outer layer, 500a: first polarizer, 500b: second polarizer, 10a: first base layer, 10b: first electrode layer, 10c: pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, 20a: second base layer, 20b: second electrode layer, 20c: spacer, 20d: alignment layer
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Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
- 액정 소자 및 상기 액정 소자의 측면을 둘러싸는 외곽층을 포함하고,상기 액정 소자는 제 1 기재층, 제 1 기재층의 내측에 형성된 점착제층, 제 1 기재층과 대향 배치되는 제 2 기재층, 제 2 기재층의 내측에 형성된 스페이서 및 제 1 기재층과 제 2 기재층 사이에 위치하는 액정층을 포함하고,하기 식 1을 만족하는 광학 디바이스:[식 1]-T2×0.4 ≤ T1-T2 ≤ T2×0.4식 1에서 T1은 외곽층의 두께이고, T2는 액정 소자의 두께이다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 외곽층의 두께(T1)는 60㎛ 내지 840㎛ 범위 내인 광학 디바이스.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 하기 식 2를 만족하는 광학 디바이스:[식 2]G1 ≥ G2식 2에서 G1은 외곽층의 25℃ 온도 및 6 rad/sec 주파수에서의 저장 탄성률이고, G2는 점착제층의 25℃ 온도 및 및 6 rad/sec 주파수에서의 저장 탄성률이다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 외곽층의 저장 탄성률(G1)과 점착제층의 저장 탄성률(G2)의 차이(G1-G2)는 0 MPa 내지 9999.99 MPa 범위 내인 광학 디바이스.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 외곽층의 25℃에서의 저장 탄성률(G1)은 0.1 MPa 내지 10,000 MPa 범위 내인 광학 디바이스.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 외곽층은 고분자 필름을 포함하는 광학 디바이스.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 액정층은 외부 에너지 인가를 통해 제 1 배향 상태 및 상기 제 1 배향 상태와 다른 배향 상태의 사이를 스위칭하는 광학 디바이스.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 스페이서는 제 1 기재층과 제 2 기재층 사이에서 간격을 유지하는 패턴화된 스페이서인 광학 디바이스.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 제 2 기재층의 면적(A)에 대한 스페이서의 면적(B)의 비율(B/A)은 5% 내지 50% 범위 내인 광학 디바이스.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 액정 소자는 제 1 기재층의 내측면에 형성된 제 1 전극층 및 제 2 기재층의 내측면에 형성된 제 2 전극층을 더 포함하고, 상기 점착제층은 제 1 전극층의 내측면에 존재하고, 상기 스페이서는 제 2 전극층의 내측면에 존재하는 광학 디바이스.
- 제 10 항에 있어서, 액정 소자는 제 2 전극층의 내측면에 존재하는 배향막을 더 포함하고, 제 1 기재층의 내측면에는 배향막을 포함하지 않는 광학 디바이스.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 광학 디바이스는 제 1 외곽 기판 및 제 1 외곽 기판과 대향 배치된 제 2 외곽 기판을 더 포함하고, 액정 소자 및 외곽층은 제 1 외곽 기판과 제 2 외곽 기판의 사이 존재하는 광학 디바이스.
- 제 12 항에 있어서, 제 1 외곽 기판과 액정 소자 사이, 및 액정 소자와 제 2 외곽 기판 사이에 각각 위치하는 적어도 하나 이상의 중간층을 더 포함하는 광학 디바이스.
- 제 13 항에 있어서, 액정 소자는 중간층 및 외곽층에 의해 캡슐화되어 있는 광학 디바이스.
- 제 13 항에 있어서, 상기 적어도 하나 이상의 중간층은 총 두께의 합이 800 ㎛ 이상인 광학 디바이스.
- 제 13 항에 있어서, 적어도 하나 이상의 중간층은 열가소성 폴리우레탄 접착제층, 폴리아마이드 접착제층, 폴리에스테르 접착제층, EVA(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) 접착제층, 아크릴 접착제층, 실리콘 접착제층 또는 폴리올레핀 접착제층인 광학 디바이스.
- 하나 이상의 개구부가 형성되어 있는 차체; 및 상기 개구부에 장착된 제 1 항의 광학 디바이스를 포함하는 자동차.
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EP21886836.2A EP4239399A4 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2021-10-28 | OPTICAL DEVICE |
US18/031,838 US11927852B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2021-10-28 | Optical device |
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KR20220057463A (ko) | 2022-05-09 |
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US11927852B2 (en) | 2024-03-12 |
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