WO2022088530A1 - 蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统 - Google Patents

蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022088530A1
WO2022088530A1 PCT/CN2021/073229 CN2021073229W WO2022088530A1 WO 2022088530 A1 WO2022088530 A1 WO 2022088530A1 CN 2021073229 W CN2021073229 W CN 2021073229W WO 2022088530 A1 WO2022088530 A1 WO 2022088530A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seawater
steam
heat exchanger
outboard
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/073229
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王苇
邱志强
柯志武
劳星胜
李勇
李邦明
魏志国
柳勇
戴春辉
李少丹
Original Assignee
武汉第二船舶设计研究所
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Application filed by 武汉第二船舶设计研究所 filed Critical 武汉第二船舶设计研究所
Priority to US17/767,912 priority Critical patent/US20230159148A1/en
Priority to JP2022528162A priority patent/JP7431962B2/ja
Priority to EP21870512.7A priority patent/EP4238866A1/en
Publication of WO2022088530A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022088530A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • B63H21/383—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like for handling cooling-water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H20/00—Outboard propulsion units, e.g. outboard motors or Z-drives; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H20/28—Arrangements, apparatus and methods for handling cooling-water in outboard drives, e.g. cooling-water intakes
    • B63H20/285—Cooling-water intakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
    • F28D1/022—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for immersion in a natural body of water, e.g. marine radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/02—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being steam-driven

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of ship outboard cooling, and in particular, to a steam-powered outboard conformal cooling system.
  • the ship's outboard cooler is generally arranged at the seabed door.
  • the outboard seawater enters the outboard cooler through the bottom inlet, and after heat exchange with the heat medium in the outboard cooler is heated, it rises to the cooler box due to the decrease in density.
  • the high outlet escapes, resulting in restricted placement of outboard coolers.
  • the seawater needs to directly exchange heat with the outboard cooler, there is only one grille between the seawater and the outboard cooler, which causes the outboard cooler to be easily blocked by seawater pollutants, reducing the heat exchange capacity of the outboard cooler. Descending, causing the equipment to be cooled in the cabin to be prone to overheating accidents.
  • the form of heat exchange between the existing outboard cooler and seawater is natural convection, and the heat exchange efficiency is low.
  • the present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • the present application proposes a steam-powered outboard conformal cooling system, which can make full use of the outboard space, make the arrangement of the cooler more flexible, and improve the safety and reliability.
  • a steam-powered outboard conformal cooling system includes a steam turbine, a cooler and a conformal heat exchanger, wherein the steam turbine and the cooler are communicated through a steam pipe; the conformal heat exchange
  • the heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger shell, a lower head set at the bottom of the heat exchanger shell, an upper head set at the top of the heat exchanger shell, and a plurality of heat exchanger shells set inside the heat exchanger shell.
  • the heat exchanger shell includes an outer shell plate arranged on the outer side wall of the hull plate, and a seawater heat exchange cavity is formed between the outer shell plate and the hull plate;
  • the upper head is provided with There is a cooling water inlet cavity
  • the lower head is provided with a cooling water outlet cavity
  • the first ends of each heat exchange tube are respectively connected with the cooling water inlet cavity
  • the second end of each heat exchange tube is connected with the cooling water inlet cavity.
  • the ends are respectively connected with the cooling water outlet cavity; the cooling water inlet cavity and the cooler are connected through a water inlet pipeline, and the cooling water outlet cavity and the cooler are connected through a water outlet pipeline Pass.
  • a seawater inlet is provided on the outer shell plate at a position close to the lower head, and the seawater inlet is provided with a seawater inlet grille; the outer shell plate is close to the upper head.
  • a seawater outlet is provided at the location, and the seawater outlet is provided with a seawater outlet grille.
  • the outer periphery of the hull plate is provided with a ship outer shell, an outboard cavity is formed between the hull plate and the outer shell of the ship, and the conformal heat exchanger is arranged on the outer surface of the ship inside the outer cavity.
  • a water inlet baffle is provided above the seawater inlet, and the water inlet baffle is connected between the outer shell plate and the outer shell of the ship.
  • a jet device is provided inside the outboard cavity at a position corresponding to the seawater outlet, and the jet device is connected to the steam pipeline through a exhaust steam pipeline.
  • the jet device includes a nozzle, a suction port, a circulation pipe, and a diffusion port, the suction port and the diffusion port are respectively connected to two ends of the circulation pipe correspondingly, and the suction port is connected to the two ends of the circulation pipe.
  • the seawater outlet is corresponding, the inlet of the nozzle is connected to the exhausted steam pipeline, and the outlet of the nozzle is located inside the suction port.
  • the suction port is a conical cylinder gradually decreasing from a first end to a second end, the first end of the suction port corresponds to the seawater outlet, and the suction port
  • the second end of the diffusion port is connected with the circulation pipe;
  • the diffusion port is a conical cylinder gradually increasing from the first end to the second end, and the first end of the diffusion port is connected with the circulation pipe.
  • a seawater grille is provided above the diffusion port, and the seawater grille is installed on the inner side wall of the outer shell of the ship.
  • the lower head includes a lower head shell plate disposed on the outer side wall of the hull plate, and the bottom of the heat exchanger shell is connected to the lower head shell plate,
  • the cooling water outlet cavity is formed between the lower head shell plate and the hull plate
  • the upper head includes an upper head shell plate arranged on the outer side wall of the hull plate, and the replacement
  • the top of the heater shell is connected with the upper head shell plate, and the cooling water inlet cavity is formed between the upper head shell plate and the hull plate.
  • the hull plate is in an arc shape
  • the outer shell plate is in an arc shape matching the shape of the hull plate
  • each of the heat exchange tubes is in the shape of the outer shell plate Compatible curved tube.
  • the steam-powered outboard conformal cooling system of the embodiment of the present application includes a steam turbine, a cooler and a conformal heat exchanger, the steam turbine and the cooler are connected by a steam pipeline, and the conformal heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger shell, A lower head, an upper head and a plurality of heat exchange tubes, wherein the heat exchanger shell includes an outer shell plate arranged on the outer side wall of the hull plate, so that the outer shell plate and the hull plate can be enclosed to form a seawater heat exchange cavity , in order to realize the circulation of outboard seawater in the seawater heat exchange cavity; and the first ends of each heat exchange tube are respectively connected with the cooling water inlet cavity of the upper head, and the cooling water inlet cavity is connected with the cooler.
  • each heat exchange tube is connected with the cooling water outlet cavity of the lower head respectively, and the cooling water outlet cavity and the cooler are connected through the water outlet pipe;
  • the cooling water enters the cooling water inlet cavity through the water inlet pipe, and then enters each heat exchange tube through the cooling water inlet cavity, exchanges heat with the outboard seawater and is cooled, and then passes through the cooling water outlet cavity and the water outlet pipeline in turn.
  • the return cooler is used to cool the exhausted steam discharged from the steam turbine; the outboard seawater flow enters the seawater heat exchange cavity of the conformal heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the cooling water in the heat exchange tube, and is heated, and then flows from the seawater from the seawater.
  • the heat exchange chamber is discharged.
  • the steam-powered outboard conformal cooling system of the embodiment of the present application forms a conformal structure between the conformal heat exchanger and the hull plate, so that the outboard seawater can flow on the shell side of the conformal heat exchanger,
  • the cooling water in the cooler can flow on the tube side of the conformal heat exchanger, and then the exhausted steam discharged from the steam turbine can be cooled by the outboard seawater, which not only makes full use of the outboard space, but also makes the arrangement of the cooler on the hull.
  • the location is more flexible, and the safety and reliability of the system heat exchange process are improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a steam-powered outboard conformal cooling system provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a jet device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the seawater inlet grille in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a seawater outlet grill in an embodiment of the present application.
  • connection and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, Or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, Or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or the first and second features pass through the middle indirect contact with the media.
  • the first feature being “above”, “over” and “above” the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature being “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a steam-powered outboard conformal cooling system, and the direction of the arrow in the drawings indicates the flow direction of the liquid.
  • the steam-powered outboard conformal cooling system includes a steam turbine 1 , a cooler 2 and a conformal heat exchanger 3 , and the steam turbine 1 and the cooler 2 are connected by a steam pipe 4 . That is, the exhausted steam discharged from the steam turbine 1 is transported to the cooler 2 through the steam pipeline 4 for heat exchange with the cooling water in the cooler 2, thereby cooling the exhausted steam.
  • the conformal heat exchanger 3 includes a heat exchanger shell, a lower head 31 arranged at the bottom of the heat exchanger shell, an upper head 32 arranged at the top of the heat exchanger shell, and an upper head 32 arranged at the heat exchanger shell
  • the upper head 32 is provided with a cooling water inlet cavity 321
  • the lower head 31 is provided with a cooling water outlet cavity 311
  • the first ends of each heat exchange tube 33 are respectively connected with the cooling water inlet cavity 321
  • each heat exchange The second ends of the pipes 33 are respectively communicated with the cooling water outlet chambers 311 .
  • the cooling water inlet cavity 321 is communicated with the cooling water outlet of the cooler 2 through the water inlet pipe 5
  • the cooling water outlet cavity 311 is communicated with the cooling water inlet of the cooler 2 through the water outlet pipe 6 .
  • the cooling water in the cooler 2 enters the cooling water inlet cavity 321 provided in the upper head 32 through the water inlet pipe 5, and then enters each heat exchange tube 33 through the cooling water inlet cavity 321, and communicates with the outboard.
  • the seawater is cooled after heat exchange, and then enters the cooling water outlet cavity 311 of the lower head 31 , and then returns to the cooler 2 through the outlet pipe 6 for cooling the exhausted steam discharged from the steam turbine 1 .
  • the outboard seawater flow enters the seawater heat exchange cavity 36 of the conformal heat exchanger 3 , exchanges heat with the cooling water in the heat exchange tubes 33 and is heated, and then is discharged from the seawater heat exchange cavity 36 .
  • a conformal structure is formed between the conformal heat exchanger 3 and the hull plate 34 , so that the outboard seawater can pass through the shell of the conformal heat exchanger 3 . side flow, so that the cooling water in the cooler 2 can flow on the tube side of the conformal heat exchanger 3, and then the exhausted steam discharged from the steam turbine 1 can be cooled by the outboard seawater, which not only makes full use of the outboard space, but also makes the cooling
  • the arrangement position of the device 2 on the hull is more flexible, and the safety and reliability of the heat exchange process of the system are improved.
  • the hull plate 34 is arc-shaped
  • the outer shell plate 35 is arc-shaped matching the shape of the hull plate 34
  • each heat exchange tube 33 is an arc-shaped tube matching the shape of the outer shell plate 35 . That is, the heat exchange tubes 33 are curved from bottom to top in an arc shape.
  • the outer shell 7 is provided on the periphery of the hull plate 34 , an outboard cavity 8 is formed between the hull plate 34 and the outer shell 7 , and the conformal heat exchanger 3 is arranged inside the outboard cavity 8 . That is to say, arranging the conformal heat exchanger 3 in the outboard cavity 8 between the hull plate 34 and the outer shell 7 of the ship can effectively protect the conformal heat exchanger 3 and further improve the efficiency of the system heat exchange process. Safety and reliability.
  • a seawater inlet is provided on the shell plate 35 at a position close to the lower head 31, the seawater inlet is communicated with the seawater heat exchange chamber 36, and the seawater inlet is provided with a seawater inlet grille 351,
  • the seawater inlet grill 351 has an angle of inclination for introducing outboard seawater into the seawater heat exchange cavity 36 .
  • a seawater outlet is provided on the shell plate 35 near the upper head 32, the seawater outlet communicates with the seawater heat exchange chamber 36, the seawater outlet is provided with a seawater outlet grille 352, and the seawater outlet grille 352 has a The inclination angle of the seawater heat exchange cavity 36 is drawn from the outer seawater.
  • the outboard seawater flow enters the seawater heat exchange cavity 36 of the conformal heat exchanger 3 through the seawater inlet, exchanges heat with the cooling water in the heat exchange tube 33 and is heated, and then exits the seawater heat exchange cavity 36 through the seawater outlet.
  • the conformal heat exchanger 3 can be protected, effectively preventing pollutants from entering the seawater heat exchange cavity 36, thereby preventing the seawater heat exchange cavity 36 from being blocked by pollutants, and further improving the system security and reliability.
  • the flow of the outboard seawater in the seawater heat exchange chamber 36 is in the form of low inflow and high outflow.
  • a water inlet baffle 10 is provided above the seawater inlet, and the water inlet baffle 10 is connected between the outer shell plate 35 and the outer shell 7 of the ship. By setting the water inlet baffle 10 , it can cooperate with the seawater inlet grille 351 to facilitate the introduction of outboard seawater into the seawater heat exchange cavity 36 .
  • a jet device 9 is provided inside the outboard cavity 8 at a position corresponding to the seawater outlet, and the jet device 9 is connected to the steam pipeline 4 through the exhaust steam pipeline 11 .
  • the exhausted steam pipeline 11 is provided with a exhausted steam control valve 12 for controlling the circulation state of the exhausted steam in the exhausted steam pipeline 11 .
  • the jet device 9 uses the exhausted steam discharged from the steam turbine 1 as the working fluid, sucks the seawater flowing out of the seawater outlet of the conformal heat exchanger 3 and then ejects it, so that the exhausted steam exhausted from the steam turbine 1 is rationally utilized to realize the conformal heat exchanger. Forced convection heat exchange between 3 and the outboard seawater, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the system.
  • the jet device 9 includes a nozzle 91, a suction port 92, a circulation pipe 93 and a diffusion port 94, wherein the suction port 92 and the diffusion port 94 are respectively connected to both ends of the circulation pipe 93, and the suction port 92 exchanges heat with seawater
  • the seawater outlet of the cavity 36 corresponds to the inlet of the nozzle 91 is connected to the exhausted steam pipeline 11 , and the outlet of the nozzle 91 is located inside the suction port 92 .
  • the working fluid of the jet device 9 is the exhausted steam from the steam pipeline 4, the sucked fluid is the heated outboard seawater flowing out from the seawater outlet of the seawater heat exchange chamber 36, and the temperature of the exhausted steam from the steam pipeline 4 is about At 50°C, due to the condensation of the depleted steam into liquid water, the volume shrinks sharply, so that a negative pressure area is formed at the outlet of the nozzle 91, and the outboard seawater flowing out of the seawater outlet is introduced into the suction port 92, and then under the action of turbulent diffusion , the outboard seawater introduced by the suction port 92 is mixed with the exhausted steam ejected from the nozzle 91, and then the jet device 9 is ejected through the diffusion port 94, thereby improving the water outlet speed of the seawater outlet of the seawater heat exchange chamber 36, thereby improving the outboard
  • the flow velocity of seawater through the seawater heat exchange cavity 36 realizes forced convection heat exchange between the conformal heat exchanger 3 and the outboard seawater.
  • the suction port 92 is a conical cylinder gradually decreasing from the first end to the second end, wherein the first end of the suction port 92 corresponds to the seawater outlet, and the second end of the suction port 92 corresponds to the circulation pipe 93 connected. That is, the structure of the suction port 92 facilitates the introduction of the outboard seawater flowing out of the seawater outlet into the interior of the suction port 92 .
  • the diffusing port 94 is a conical cylindrical body that gradually increases from the first end to the second end, the first end of the diffusing port 94 is connected with the circulation pipe 93 , and the second end of the diffusing port 94 is disposed upward. That is, the structure of the diffusing port 94 facilitates the discharge of the mixed fluid of the outboard seawater and the exhausted steam sprayed from the nozzle 91 .
  • the jet device 9 is mounted on the inner side wall of the outer shell 7 of the ship through a mounting bracket, so as to realize the installation and fixation of the jet device 9 inside the outboard cavity 8 .
  • a seawater grille 13 is further provided above the diffusion port 94 , and the seawater grille 13 is installed on the inner side wall of the outer shell 7 of the ship, so as to facilitate the sidewall ejected from the jet device 9 The open water eventually drains to the sea.
  • a plurality of baffles 14 are further provided inside the heat exchanger shell, and the baffles 14 are staggered and spaced along the lengthwise extending direction of the heat exchange tubes 33 .
  • the baffles 14 are provided to guide the flow of the outboard seawater inside the seawater heat exchange cavity 36 .
  • the upper head 32 includes an upper head shell plate 322 disposed on the outer side wall of the hull plate 34, the top of the heat exchanger shell is connected with the upper head shell plate 322, and the upper head shell A cooling water inlet cavity 321 is formed between the shell plate 322 and the hull plate 34 .
  • the cooling water inlet chamber 321 and the seawater heat exchange chamber 36 are independent of each other, and the first ends of each heat exchange tube 33 respectively pass through the upper head shell plate 322 and communicate with the cooling water inlet chamber 321 .
  • the lower head 31 includes a lower head shell plate 312 disposed on the outer side wall of the hull plate 34, the bottom of the heat exchanger shell is connected with the lower head shell plate 312, and the lower head shell A cooling water outlet cavity 311 is formed between the shell plate 312 and the hull plate 34 .
  • the cooling water outlet chamber 311 and the seawater heat exchange chamber 36 are independent of each other, and the second ends of each heat exchange tube 33 respectively pass through the lower head shell plate 312 and communicate with the cooling water outlet chamber 311 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

一种蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，包括汽轮机（1）、冷却器（2）和共形换热器（3），共形换热器（3）包括换热器壳体、下封头（31）、上封头（32）以及多个换热管（33），换热器壳体包括设置在船体板（34）的外侧壁上的外壳板（35），外壳板（35）与船体板（34）之间围合形成海水换热腔（36）；各换热管（33）的第一端分别与冷却水进水腔（321）相连通，各换热管（33）的第二端分别与冷却水出水腔（311）相连通；冷却水进水腔（321）与冷却器（2）之间通过进水管道（5）相连通，冷却水出水腔（311）与冷却器（2）之间通过出水管道（6）相连通。该舷外共形冷却系统充分利用舷外空间，使得冷却器（2）在船体上的布置位置更加灵活，提高了系统换热过程的安全性和可靠性。

Description

蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年10月28日提交的申请号为202011174103.1，发明名称为“蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及船舶舷外冷却技术领域，尤其涉及一种蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统。
背景技术
目前，船舶舷外冷却器一般布置在海底门处，舷外海水通过底部入口进入舷外冷却器，与舷外冷却器内热介质发生热交换被加热后，由于密度减小而上升至冷却器箱高处出口逸出，导致舷外冷却器的布设位置受到限制。而且，由于海水需要直接与舷外冷却器进行换热，海水与舷外冷却器之间仅有一道格栅，导致舷外冷却器容易受到海水污染物堵塞，使舷外冷却器的换热能力下降，导致船舱内被冷却设备容易发生过热事故。此外，现有舷外冷却器与海水的换热形式为自然对流，换热效率较低。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。
为此，本申请提出一种蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，能够充分利用舷外空间，使得冷却器的布置更加灵活，提高了安全性和可靠性。
根据本申请实施例的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，包括汽轮机、冷却器和共形换热器，所述汽轮机与所述冷却器之间通过蒸汽管道相连通；所述共形换热器包括换热器壳体、设置在所述换热器壳体底部的下封头、设置在所述换热器壳体顶部的上封头以及设置在所述换热器壳体内部的多个换热管，所述换热器壳体包括设置在船体板的外侧壁上的外壳板，所述外壳板与所述船体板之间围合形成海水换热腔；所述上封头设有冷却水 进水腔，所述下封头设有冷却水出水腔，各所述换热管的第一端分别与所述冷却水进水腔相连通，各所述换热管的第二端分别与所述冷却水出水腔相连通；所述冷却水进水腔与所述冷却器之间通过进水管道相连通，所述冷却水出水腔与所述冷却器之间通过出水管道相连通。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述外壳板上靠近所述下封头的位置处设有海水入口，所述海水入口设有海水入口格栅；所述外壳板上靠近所述上封头的位置处设有海水出口，所述海水出口设有海水出口格栅。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述船体板的外围设有船舶外壳体，所述船体板与所述船舶外壳体之间形成舷外空腔，所述共形换热器设置于所述舷外空腔的内部。
根据本申请的一个实施例，在所述海水入口的上方设有进水挡板，所述进水挡板连接在所述外壳板与所述船舶外壳体之间。
根据本申请的一个实施例，在所述舷外空腔的内部对应所述海水出口的位置处设有射流装置，所述射流装置通过乏汽管道与所述蒸汽管道相连。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述射流装置包括喷嘴、吸入口、流通管道和扩散口，所述吸入口和所述扩散口分别与所述流通管道的两端对应连接，所述吸入口与所述海水出口相对应，所述喷嘴的进口与所述乏汽管道相连，所述喷嘴的出口位于所述吸入口的内部。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述吸入口为从第一端至第二端逐渐减小的圆锥形筒体，所述吸入口的第一端与所述海水出口相对应，所述吸入口的第二端与所述流通管道相连；所述扩散口为从第一端至第二端逐渐增大的圆锥形筒体，所述扩散口的第一端与所述流通管道相连。
根据本申请的一个实施例，在所述扩散口的上方设有海水隔栅，所述海水隔栅安装于所述船舶外壳体的内侧壁上。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述下封头包括设置在所述船体板的外侧壁上的下封头壳板，所述换热器壳体的底部与所述下封头壳板相连，所述下封头壳板与所述船体板之间围合形成所述冷却水出水腔；所述上封头包括设置在所述船体板的外侧壁上的上封头壳板，所述换热器壳体的顶部与所述上封头壳板相连，所述上封头壳板与所述船体板之间围合形成所述冷却水进水腔。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述船体板为弧形，所述外壳板为与所述船体板的形状相适配的弧形，各所述换热管均为与所述外壳板的形状相适配的弧形管。
本申请实施例中的上述一个或多个技术方案，至少具有如下技术效果之一：
本申请实施例的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，包括汽轮机、冷却器以及共形换热器，汽轮机与冷却器之间通过蒸汽管道相连，共形换热器包括换热器壳体、下封头、上封头以及多个换热管，其中换热器壳体包括设置在船体板的外侧壁上的外壳板，以使外壳板与船体板之间能够围合形成海水换热腔，以便实现舷外海水在海水换热腔内的流通；而各换热管的第一端分别与上封头的冷却水进水腔相连通，冷却水进水腔与所述冷却器之间通过进水管道相连通，各换热管的第二端分别与下封头的冷却水出水腔相连通，冷却水出水腔与冷却器之间通过出水管道相连通；在工作时，冷却器中的冷却水通过进水管道进入冷却水进水腔中，再通过冷却水进水腔进入各换热管中，与舷外海水发生热交换后被冷却，然后依次经过冷却水出水腔、出水管道返回冷却器，用于对从汽轮机排出的乏汽进行冷却；舷外海水流进入共形换热器的海水换热腔中，与换热管中的冷却水发生热交换后被加热，然后从海水换热腔排出。由此，本申请实施例的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，通过共形换热器与船体板之间形成共形结构，使得舷外海水能够在共形换热器的壳侧流动，使得冷却器中的冷却水能够在共形换热器的管侧流动，进而能够利用舷外海水为汽轮机排出的乏汽进行冷却，不仅充分利用了舷外空间，使得冷却器在船体上的布置位置更加灵活，而且提高了系统换热过程的安全性和可靠性。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例中射流装置的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例中海水入口格栅的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例中海水出口格栅的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1：汽轮机；2：冷却器；
3：共形换热器；31：下封头；311：冷却水出水腔；312：下封头壳板；32：上封头；321：冷却水进水腔；322：上封头壳板；33：换热管；34：船体板；35：外壳板；351：海水入口格栅；352：海水出口格栅；36：海水换热腔；
4：蒸汽管道；5：进水管道；6：出水管道；7：船舶外壳体；8：舷外空腔；
9：射流装置；91：喷嘴；92：吸入口；93：流通管道；94：扩散口；
10：进水挡板；11：乏汽管道；12：乏汽控制阀；13：海水隔栅；14：折流板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本申请，但不能用来限制本申请的范围。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通 过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请实施例的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
如图1至图4所示，本申请实施例提供一种蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，附图中的箭头方向表示液体的流动方向。该蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，包括汽轮机1、冷却器2以及共形换热器3，汽轮机1与冷却器2之间通过蒸汽管道4相连。也即，从汽轮机1排出的乏汽通过蒸汽管道4输送至冷却器2，用于与冷却器2内的冷却水进行换热，从而对乏汽进行降温。
其中，共形换热器3包括换热器壳体、设置在换热器壳体底部的下封头31、设置在换热器壳体顶部的上封头32以及设置在换热器壳体内部的多个换热管33，换热器壳体包括设置在船体板34的外侧壁上的外壳板35，外壳板35与船体板34之间围合形成海水换热腔36，也即，采用船体板34的一部分作为共形换热器3的内壳板，从而与外壳板35相互配合形成共形结构。
其中，上封头32设有冷却水进水腔321，下封头31设有冷却水出水腔311，各换热管33的第一端分别与冷却水进水腔321相连通，各换热管33的第二端分别与冷却水出水腔311相连通。冷却水进水腔321与冷却器2的冷却水出口之间通过进水管道5相连通，冷却水出水腔311与冷却器2的冷却水进口之间通过出水管道6相连通。
在工作时，冷却器2中的冷却水通过进水管道5进入上封头32设有冷却水进水腔321中，然后经过冷却水进水腔321进入各换热管33中，与舷外海水发生热交换后被冷却，然后进入下封头31的冷却水出水腔311中，再经过出水管道6返回冷却器2，用于对从汽轮机1排出的乏汽进行冷却。与此同时，舷外海水流进入共形换热器3的海水换热腔36中，与换热管33中的冷却水发生热交换后被加热，然后从海水换热腔36排出。
由此，本申请实施例的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，通过共形换热器3与船体板34之间形成共形结构，使得舷外海水能够在共形换热器3的壳侧流动，使得冷却器2中的冷却水能够在共形换热器3的管侧流动，进而能够利用舷外海水为汽轮机1排出的乏汽进行冷却，不仅充分利用了舷外空间，使得冷却器2在船体上的布置位置更加灵活，而且提高了系统换热过程的安全性和可靠性。
具体来说，船体板34为弧形，外壳板35为与船体板34的形状相适配的弧形，各换热管33均为与外壳板35的形状相适配的弧形管。也即，换热管33呈从下至上弯曲设置的弧形。
具体来说，在船体板34的外围设有船舶外壳体7，船体板34与船舶外壳体7之间形成舷外空腔8，共形换热器3设置于舷外空腔8的内部。也即，将共形换热器3设置于船体板34与船舶外壳体7之间的舷外空腔8内，能够对共形换热器3进行有效保护，进一步提高了系统换热过程的安全性和可靠性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，在外壳板35上靠近下封头31的位置处设有海水入口，该海水入口与海水换热腔36相连通，该海水入口设有海水入口格栅351，该海水入口格栅351具有将舷外海水引入海水换热腔36的倾角。在外壳板35上靠近上封头32的位置处设有海水出口，该海水出口与海水换热腔36相连通，该海水出口设有海水出口格栅352，该海水出口格栅352具有将舷外海水引出海水换热腔36的倾角。也即，舷外海水流通过海水入口进入共形换热器3的海水换热腔36中，与换热管33中的冷却水发生热交换后被加热，然后通过海水出口排出海水换热腔36。通过设置海水入口格栅351以及海水出口格栅352，能够对共形换热器3进行保护，有效防止污染物进入海水换热腔36，从而避免海水换热腔36被污 染物堵塞，进一步提高了系统的安全性和可靠性。
由于海水入口设置在外壳板35的下部，海水出口设置在外壳板35的上部，使得舷外海水在海水换热腔36中的流程为低进高出的形式。
在本申请的一些实施例中，在海水入口的上方设有进水挡板10，该进水挡板10连接在外壳板35与船舶外壳体7之间。通过设置进水挡板10，能够与海水入口格栅351共同作用，利于将舷外海水引入海水换热腔36中。
在本申请的一些实施例中，在舷外空腔8的内部对应海水出口的位置处设有射流装置9，该射流装置9通过乏汽管道11与蒸汽管道4相连。其中，乏汽管道11上设有乏汽控制阀12，用于控制乏汽管道11中乏汽的流通状态。该射流装置9利用汽轮机1排出的乏汽作为工作流体，将共形换热器3的海水出口流出的海水吸入后喷射排出，从而合理利用汽轮机1排出的乏汽，实现了共形换热器3与舷外海水之间的强制对流换热，进而提高了系统的换热效率。
具体来说，该射流装置9包括喷嘴91、吸入口92、流通管道93和扩散口94，其中吸入口92和扩散口94分别与流通管道93的两端对应连接，吸入口92与海水换热腔36的海水出口相对应，喷嘴91的进口与乏汽管道11相连，喷嘴91的出口位于吸入口92的内部。也即，射流装置9的工作流体为来自蒸汽管道4的乏汽，被吸入流体为从海水换热腔36的海水出口流出的被加热的舷外海水，来自蒸汽管道4的乏汽温度约为50℃，由于乏汽冷凝变成液态水后体积急剧缩小，从而在喷嘴91的出口处形成负压区，进而将海水出口流出的舷外海水引入吸入口92内部，然后在湍动扩散作用下，将吸入口92引入的舷外海水与从喷嘴91喷射出乏汽混合后通过扩散口94喷出射流装置9，从而提高了海水换热腔36的海水出口的出水速度，进而提高了舷外海水通过海水换热腔36的流动速度，实现了共形换热器3与舷外海水之间的强制对流换热。与此同时，从射流装置9流出的舷外海水也会受到一定程度的加热，从而因密度降低提高舷外海水向上流动的速度。
具体来说，吸入口92为从第一端至第二端逐渐减小的圆锥形筒体，其中吸入口92的第一端与海水出口相对应，吸入口92的第二端与流通管 道93相连。也即，吸入口92的这种结构形式，便于将海水出口流出的舷外海水引入吸入口92的内部。
具体来说，扩散口94为从第一端至第二端逐渐增大的圆锥形筒体，扩散口94的第一端与流通管道93相连，扩散口94的第二端向上设置。也即，扩散口94的这种结构形式，便于将舷外海水与从喷嘴91喷出的乏汽混合流体进行排放。
具体来说，射流装置9通过安装支架安装于船舶外壳体7的内侧壁上，从而实现射流装置9在舷外空腔8内部的安装固定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，在扩散口94的上方还设有海水隔栅13，该海水隔栅13安装于船舶外壳体7的内侧壁上，以利于将从射流装置9喷射出的舷外海水最终排向大海。
在本申请的一些实施例中，在换热器壳体的内部还设有多个折流板14，各折流板14沿换热管33的长度延伸方向交错间隔布置。通过设置折流板14，用于引导舷外海水在海水换热腔36内部的流动。
在本申请的一些实施例中，上封头32包括设置在船体板34的外侧壁上的上封头壳板322，换热器壳体的顶部与上封头壳板322相连，上封头壳板322与船体板34之间围合形成冷却水进水腔321。其中冷却水进水腔321与海水换热腔36之间相互独立，各换热管33的第一端分别穿过上封头壳板322与冷却水进水腔321连通。
在本申请的一些实施例中，下封头31包括设置在船体板34的外侧壁上的下封头壳板312，换热器壳体的底部与下封头壳板312相连，下封头壳板312与船体板34之间围合形成冷却水出水腔311。其中冷却水出水腔311与海水换热腔36之间相互独立，各换热管33的第二端分别穿过下封头壳板312与冷却水出水腔311连通。
以上实施方式仅用于说明本申请，而非对本申请的限制。尽管参照实施例对本申请进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本申请的技术方案进行各种组合、修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本申请技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求范围中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，其特征在于：包括汽轮机、冷却器和共形换热器，所述汽轮机与所述冷却器之间通过蒸汽管道相连通；所述共形换热器包括换热器壳体、设置在所述换热器壳体底部的下封头、设置在所述换热器壳体顶部的上封头以及设置在所述换热器壳体内部的多个换热管，所述换热器壳体包括设置在船体板的外侧壁上的外壳板，所述外壳板与所述船体板之间围合形成海水换热腔；所述上封头设有冷却水进水腔，所述下封头设有冷却水出水腔，各所述换热管的第一端分别与所述冷却水进水腔相连通，各所述换热管的第二端分别与所述冷却水出水腔相连通；所述冷却水进水腔与所述冷却器之间通过进水管道相连通，所述冷却水出水腔与所述冷却器之间通过出水管道相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，其特征在于：所述外壳板上靠近所述下封头的位置处设有海水入口，所述海水入口设有海水入口格栅；所述外壳板上靠近所述上封头的位置处设有海水出口，所述海水出口设有海水出口格栅。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，其特征在于：所述船体板的外围设有船舶外壳体，所述船体板与所述船舶外壳体之间形成舷外空腔，所述共形换热器设置于所述舷外空腔的内部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，其特征在于：在所述海水入口的上方设有进水挡板，所述进水挡板连接在所述外壳板与所述船舶外壳体之间。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，其特征在于：在所述舷外空腔的内部对应所述海水出口的位置处设有射流装置，所述射流装置通过乏汽管道与所述蒸汽管道相连。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，其特征在于：所述射流装置包括喷嘴、吸入口、流通管道和扩散口，所述吸入口和所述扩散口分别与所述流通管道的两端对应连接，所述吸入口与所述海水出口相对应，所述喷嘴的进口与所述乏汽管道相连，所述喷嘴的出口位于所述吸入口的内部。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，其特征在 于：所述吸入口为从第一端至第二端逐渐减小的圆锥形筒体，所述吸入口的第一端与所述海水出口相对应，所述吸入口的第二端与所述流通管道相连；所述扩散口为从第一端至第二端逐渐增大的圆锥形筒体，所述扩散口的第一端与所述流通管道相连。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，其特征在于：在所述扩散口的上方设有海水隔栅，所述海水隔栅安装于所述船舶外壳体的内侧壁上。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，其特征在于：所述下封头包括设置在所述船体板的外侧壁上的下封头壳板，所述换热器壳体的底部与所述下封头壳板相连，所述下封头壳板与所述船体板之间围合形成所述冷却水出水腔；所述上封头包括设置在所述船体板的外侧壁上的上封头壳板，所述换热器壳体的顶部与所述上封头壳板相连，所述上封头壳板与所述船体板之间围合形成所述冷却水进水腔。
  10. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统，其特征在于：所述船体板为弧形，所述外壳板为与所述船体板的形状相适配的弧形，各所述换热管均为与所述外壳板的形状相适配的弧形管。
PCT/CN2021/073229 2020-10-28 2021-01-22 蒸汽动力式舷外共形冷却系统 WO2022088530A1 (zh)

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