WO2022088397A1 - 一种碱液处理陶粒轻型混凝土砌块的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种碱液处理陶粒轻型混凝土砌块的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022088397A1
WO2022088397A1 PCT/CN2020/134503 CN2020134503W WO2022088397A1 WO 2022088397 A1 WO2022088397 A1 WO 2022088397A1 CN 2020134503 W CN2020134503 W CN 2020134503W WO 2022088397 A1 WO2022088397 A1 WO 2022088397A1
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ceramsite
concrete
temperature
thermal conductivity
treated
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王仕俊
范雪峰
付兵彬
宋军
杨德州
张海平
平常
方昱璋
安宁
马彦宏
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国网甘肃省电力公司经济技术研究院
国家电网有限公司
国网甘肃省电力公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/087Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/245Curing concrete articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/02Conditioning the material prior to shaping
    • B28B17/026Conditioning ceramic materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/02Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
    • C04B18/027Lightweight materials
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
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    • C04B20/023Chemical treatment
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02Treatment
    • C04B20/026Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40Porous or lightweight materials
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2201/20Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • C04B2201/32Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors

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  • Fig. 1 is the density curve diagram of the prepared ceramsite concrete block of the present invention
  • the thermal conductivity of the blocks is measured by the hot wire method.
  • a slender metal wire is buried inside the sample with uniform initial temperature distribution. After the voltage is applied to both ends of the metal wire. , the temperature of the wire increases, and the thermal conductivity of the sample is calculated according to the temperature rise rate:

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Abstract

一种碱液处理陶粒轻型混凝土砌块的制备方法,其制备原料包括以下重量百分比组分:21-31%水泥、10-17%水、0-8%陶粒、7-35%粗骨料、35-37%细骨料。在拌合之前,将陶粒在氢氧化钠或氢氧化钙碱溶液常温下浸泡8-12小时来刻蚀陶粒表面,将表面粗糙化,增大陶粒与砂浆的粘结,从而提高陶粒混凝土砌块的强度。所制备的陶粒混凝土砌块具有表观密度轻、强度高、保温隔热性能优异等优点。

Description

一种碱液处理陶粒轻型混凝土砌块的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域,具体涉及一种碱液处理陶粒轻型混凝土砌块的制备方法。
背景技术
砌块墙因造价低,隔热性好,易就地取材等诸多优点而得到广泛应用。多孔隔热混凝土属于保温隔热材料的范畴,是覆盖在热力设备和管道的表面,能阻止或减少与外界发生热交换,减少热量耗散的具有一定物理、力学性能的特种混凝土。目前,在屋面保温层方面,泡沫混凝土砌块具有轻质和优异的隔热保温能力,是因为它的内部有着封闭的均匀气孔。泡沫混凝土砌块的密度只有普通水泥土的密度的1/10-1/3左右,但是它的导热系数比混凝土小很多,因此它是建筑物保温首要选择的材料。在地暖绝热层方面,地暖绝热层是处于地面和地暖管道之间的地面构造层,它不可或缺,起着阻挡大量热量向下传递、减小热量损失的作用。泡沫水泥土能用于地暖绝热层是因为它有优异的保温隔热能力。在回填工程方面,砌块回填施工方便,速度快,对地下室、地下洞穴、管线、采空区等结构的附加应力较小。
另外,在地基工程方面,混凝土砌块在补偿地基方面除了能满足强度方面的设计要求,还具有抗冻,沉降量小的优异性能。建造出的轻质基础型运动场具有施工简便,耐久性好的特点。同时,轻质混凝土能吸收一部分地震作用下的变形,比较适合隧道所处的地下环境,是一种很好的地下结构减震材料。
但是,目前常用的泡沫混凝土砌块的制备工艺复杂,物理力学性质不稳定且强度较低。陶粒是由黏土在高温作用下烧成的人造膨胀型硅酸盐多孔轻质骨料,外观特征大部分呈圆形或椭圆形球体。陶粒的表面是一层由陶质或釉质组成的致密外壳,具有隔水保气作用,并且赋予陶粒较高的强度。陶粒的内部结构特征呈细密蜂窝状微孔,这些微孔都是封闭型的,而不是连通型的,因此,陶粒能够显著改善混凝土密度,且制备方法简易。目前研究的陶粒混凝土密度较大、强度低且隔热保温效果不好,为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种碱液处理陶粒轻型混凝土砌块的制备方法,采用该方法制备的混凝土砌块使轻质陶粒在混凝土拌合过程中不上浮,形成的砌块材料达到表观密度轻、强度高、保温隔热性能优异等要求。
发明内容
为了解决当前陶粒混凝土砌块密度较大、强度低且隔热保温效果不好的技术问题,本发明提供一种碱液处理陶粒轻型混凝土砌块的制备方法,所制备的混凝土砌块密度轻、强度高、保温隔热性能优异等优点。
一种碱液处理陶粒轻型混凝土砌块的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将陶粒粉碎,选取所需粒径的陶粒放入碱溶液常温下浸泡8-12小时;
2)将碱液处理后的陶粒取出放入清水中冲洗掉残余的碱液;
3)将陶粒放入干燥箱,调整干燥温度为100℃进行烘干;
4)按照重量百分比进行配料:水泥为21-31%、水为10-17%、陶粒为0-8%、粗骨料为7-35%和细骨料为35-37%的配比进行混合,搅拌均匀,制成混凝土浆料;
5)混凝土浆料装入砌块模具,通过振动保证混凝土充分密实;
6)将装有混凝土浆料的砌块模具放在温度20℃,湿度99%的养护箱内静置1天,砌块拆模后立即放入温度25℃,湿度99%的养护箱内进行养护,养护龄期为28天;
7)养护结束后,再次采用干燥箱在100℃温度下干燥1天;
8)对砌块进行密度测量及导热系数测量,砌块的导热系数采用热线法测量,一根细长的金属丝埋在初始温度分布均匀的试样内部,在金属丝两端加上电压后,金属丝温度升高,根据温升速率,计算试样的导热系数:
Figure PCTCN2020134503-appb-000001
λ为导热系数,P为功率,L为试样长度,t为时间,T为温度;
9)根据工程要求,选用相应的密度和导热系数的陶粒混凝土砌块进行应用。
进一步地,所述碱溶液为氢氧化钠溶液或氢氧化钙溶液
有益效果:本发明轻质陶粒在混凝土拌合过程中不上浮,形成的砌块材料达到表观密度轻、强度高、保温隔热性能优异等要求,所制备的砌块的材料性能达到如下指标:最低密度降至1896kg/m3,相比素混凝土的密度下降了19.3%;最低导热系数为0.524W/(m·K),相比素混凝土的导热系数下降了58.6%,具有较高的经济价值与应用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明所制备陶粒混凝土砌块的密度曲线图;
图2为本发明所制备陶粒混凝土砌块的导热系数图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明,即所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
实施例1:
一种碱液处理陶粒轻型混凝土砌块的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将陶粒粉碎,将粉碎后选取所需粒径的陶粒放入氢氧化钠碱溶液常温下浸泡8小时 来刻蚀陶粒表面;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的陶粒在清水中冲洗掉残余的碱液;
(3)将陶粒放入干燥箱,调整干燥温度为100℃进行烘干;
(4)准备原材料。按照组合物的重量百分比计,所述水泥的重量含量为31%、水的质量含量为17%、陶粒的质量含量为8%、粗骨料的质量含量为7%,细骨料的质量含量为37%,以150r/min在混凝土搅拌机中拌合陶粒混凝土,制成混凝土浆料。
(5)分两次将混凝土浆料装入砌块模具,通过振动保证混凝土充分密实;
(6)在温度25℃,湿度99%的养护箱内静置一天;砌块拆模后立即放入温度25℃,湿度99%的养护箱内进行养护,养护龄期为28天;
7)养护结束后,再次采用干燥箱在100℃温度下干燥1天;
8)对砌块进行密度测量及导热系数测量,砌块的导热系数采用热线法测量,一根细长的金属丝埋在初始温度分布均匀的试样内部,在金属丝两端加上电压后,金属丝温度升高,根据温升速率,计算试样的导热系数:
Figure PCTCN2020134503-appb-000002
λ为导热系数,P为功率,L为试样长度,t为时间,T为温度;
9)根据工程要求,选用相应的密度和导热系数的陶粒混凝土砌块进行应用。
实施例2:
一种碱液处理陶粒轻型混凝土砌块的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将陶粒粉碎,将粉碎后选取所需粒径的陶粒放入氢氧化钙碱溶液常温下浸泡12小时来刻蚀陶粒表面;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的陶粒在清水中冲洗掉残余的碱液;
(3)将陶粒放入干燥箱,调整干燥温度为100℃进行烘干;
(4)准备原材料。按照组合物的重量百分比计,所述水泥的重量含量为25%、水的重量含量为13%、陶粒的重量含量为4%、粗骨料的重量含量为22%,细骨料的重量含量为36%,以150r/min在混凝土搅拌机中拌合陶粒混凝土,制成混凝土浆料。
(5)分两次将混凝土浆料装入砌块模具,通过振动保证混凝土充分密实;
(6)在温度25℃,湿度99%的养护箱内静置一天;砌块拆模后立即放入温度25℃,湿度99%的养护箱内进行养护,养护龄期为28天;
7)养护结束后,再次采用干燥箱在100℃温度下干燥1天;
8)对砌块进行密度测量及导热系数测量,砌块的导热系数采用热线法测量,一根细长的 金属丝埋在初始温度分布均匀的试样内部,在金属丝两端加上电压后,金属丝温度升高,根据温升速率,计算试样的导热系数:
Figure PCTCN2020134503-appb-000003
λ为导热系数,P为功率,L为试样长度,t为时间,T为温度;
9)根据工程要求,选用相应的密度和导热系数的陶粒混凝土砌块进行应用。
当然,上述说明并非是对本发明的限制,本发明也并不仅限于上述举例,本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换,也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种碱液处理陶粒轻型混凝土砌块的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
    1)将陶粒粉碎,选取所需粒径的陶粒放入碱溶液常温下浸泡8-12小时;
    2)将碱液处理后的陶粒取出放入清水中冲洗掉残余的碱液;
    3)将陶粒放入干燥箱,调整干燥温度为100℃进行烘干;
    4)按照重量百分比进行配料:水泥为21-31%、水为10-17%、陶粒为0-8%、粗骨料为7-35%和细骨料为35-37%的配比进行混合,搅拌均匀,制成混凝土浆料;
    5)混凝土浆料装入砌块模具,通过振动保证混凝土充分密实;
    6)将装有混凝土浆料的砌块模具放在温度20℃,湿度99%的养护箱内静置1天,砌块拆模后立即放入温度25℃,湿度99%的养护箱内进行养护,养护龄期为28天;
    7)养护结束后,再次采用干燥箱在100℃温度下干燥1天;
    8)对砌块进行密度测量及导热系数测量,砌块的导热系数采用热线法测量,一根细长的金属丝埋在初始温度分布均匀的试样内部,在金属丝两端加上电压后,金属丝温度升高,根据温升速率,计算试样的导热系数:
    Figure PCTCN2020134503-appb-100001
    λ为导热系数,P为功率,L为试样长度,t为时间,T为温度;
    9)根据工程要求,选用相应的密度和导热系数的陶粒混凝土砌块进行应用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种碱液处理陶粒轻型混凝土砌块的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱溶液为氢氧化钠溶液或氢氧化钙溶液。
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