WO2022085561A1 - 二次電池、電子機器及び電動工具 - Google Patents
二次電池、電子機器及び電動工具 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022085561A1 WO2022085561A1 PCT/JP2021/038073 JP2021038073W WO2022085561A1 WO 2022085561 A1 WO2022085561 A1 WO 2022085561A1 JP 2021038073 W JP2021038073 W JP 2021038073W WO 2022085561 A1 WO2022085561 A1 WO 2022085561A1
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- battery
- active material
- winding
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
Links
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/534—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the material of the leads or tabs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery, an electronic device and a power tool.
- Lithium-ion batteries are being developed for applications that require high output, such as power tools and electric vehicles.
- One method of achieving high output is high-rate discharge in which a relatively large current is passed from the battery. In such applications, it is important to reduce the internal resistance of the battery.
- Patent Document 1 in a battery having a structure in which a negative electrode core body exposed portion formed at one end of a flat electrode winding body and a negative electrode current collector are resistance welded, the negative electrode core body exposed portion thereof is described.
- the surface roughness on the outer surface side of the battery is smaller than the surface roughness on the inner surface side.
- one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a battery having a low internal resistance.
- the present invention has an electrode winding body in which a band-shaped positive electrode and a band-shaped negative electrode are laminated and wound via a separator, and a positive electrode current collector plate and a negative electrode current collector.
- a plate, an outer can for accommodating an electrode winding body, a positive electrode current collector plate, and a negative electrode current collector plate are provided.
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode active material coated portion coated with a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode active material uncoated portion on a strip-shaped negative electrode foil.
- the negative electrode active material uncoated portion protruding from one end of the electrode winding body has a flat surface formed by bending toward the central axis of the electrode winding body and overlapping.
- the flat surface is joined to the negative electrode current collector plate,
- the negative electrode foil has a first main surface facing the central axis and a second main surface not facing the central axis.
- the active material uncoated portion of the negative electrode can be bent well, and an internal short circuit can be caused.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a battery according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the arrangement relationship between the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator in the electrode winding body.
- FIG. 3A is a plan view of the positive electrode current collector plate
- FIG. 3B is a plan view of the negative electrode current collector plate.
- 4A to 4F are diagrams illustrating a battery assembly process according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the position of the laser welding mark.
- FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining an embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the position of the laser welding mark.
- FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining an embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining Comparative Examples 1
- FIG. 9 is a connection diagram used for explaining a battery pack as an application example of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a connection diagram used for explaining a power tool as an application example of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a connection diagram used for explaining an electric vehicle as an application example of the present invention.
- a cylindrical lithium ion battery will be described as an example as the secondary battery.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lithium ion battery 1.
- the lithium ion battery 1 is, for example, a cylindrical lithium ion battery 1 in which an electrode winding body 20 is housed inside a battery can 11.
- the lithium ion battery 1 includes, for example, a pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 and an electrode winding body 20 inside a cylindrical battery can 11.
- the lithium ion battery 1 may further include, for example, one or more of one or more of a heat-sensitive resistance (PTC) element, a reinforcing member, and the like inside the battery can 11.
- PTC heat-sensitive resistance
- the battery can 11 is mainly a member for accommodating the electrode winding body 20.
- the battery can 11 is, for example, a cylindrical container in which one end surface is open and the other end surface is closed. That is, the battery can 11 has an open end surface (open end surface 11N).
- the battery can 11 contains any one or more of metal materials such as, for example, iron, aluminum and alloys thereof. However, the surface of the battery can 11 may be plated with any one or more of metal materials such as nickel.
- the insulating plates 12 and 13 are disk-shaped plates having a plane substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the electrode winding body 20. Further, the insulating plates 12 and 13 are arranged so as to sandwich the electrode winding body 20 with each other, for example.
- a battery lid 14 and a safety valve mechanism 30 are crimped to the open end surface 11N of the battery can 11 via a gasket 15, and a caulking structure 11R (crimp structure) is formed.
- a caulking structure 11R crimp structure
- the battery lid 14 is a member that mainly closes the open end surface 11N of the battery can 11 in a state where the electrode winding body 20 or the like is housed inside the battery can 11.
- the battery lid 14 contains, for example, a material similar to the material for forming the battery can 11.
- the central region of the battery lid 14 projects, for example, in the + Z direction. As a result, the region (peripheral region) of the battery lid 14 other than the central region is in contact with, for example, the safety valve mechanism 30.
- the gasket 15 is a member that is mainly interposed between the battery can 11 (bent portion 11P) and the battery lid 14 to seal the gap between the bent portion 11P and the battery lid 14.
- the surface of the gasket 15 may be coated with, for example, asphalt.
- the gasket 15 contains, for example, any one or more of the insulating materials.
- the type of the insulating material is not particularly limited, but is, for example, a polymer material such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polypropylene (PP). Above all, the insulating material is preferably polybutylene terephthalate. This is because the gap between the bent portion 11P and the battery lid 14 is sufficiently sealed while the battery can 11 and the battery lid 14 are electrically separated from each other.
- the safety valve mechanism 30 mainly releases the internal pressure of the battery can 11 by releasing the sealed state of the battery can 11 as necessary when the internal pressure (internal pressure) of the battery can 11 rises.
- the cause of the increase in the internal pressure of the battery can 11 is, for example, a gas generated due to a decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution during charging / discharging.
- a band-shaped positive electrode 21 and a band-shaped negative electrode 22 are laminated via a separator 23, wound in a spiral shape, and housed in a battery can 11 in a state of being impregnated with an electrolytic solution. ..
- the positive electrode 21 has a positive electrode active material layer formed on one side or both sides of the positive electrode foil 21A, and the material of the positive electrode foil 21A is, for example, a metal foil made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the negative electrode 22 has a negative electrode active material layer formed on one side or both sides of the negative electrode foil 22A, and the material of the negative electrode foil 22A is, for example, a metal foil made of nickel, a nickel alloy, copper, or a copper alloy.
- the separator 23 is a porous and insulating film that electrically insulates the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 while allowing the movement of substances such as ions and electrolytic solution.
- the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer cover many parts of the positive electrode foil 21A and the negative electrode foil 22A, respectively, but neither of them intentionally covers the periphery of one end in the short axis direction of the band.
- the portion not covered with the active material layer is hereinafter appropriately referred to as active material non-covered portions 21C and 22C, and the portion covered with the active material layer is hereinafter appropriately referred to as active material coated portions 21B and 22B.
- the electrode winding body 20 is wound so that the active material uncoated portion 21C of the positive electrode and the active material uncoated portion 22C of the negative electrode are overlapped and wound via the separator 23 so as to face in opposite directions. ..
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the structure before winding in which the positive electrode 21, the negative electrode 22 and the separator 23 are laminated.
- the width of the active material uncoated portion 21C (upper dot portion in FIG. 2) of the positive electrode is A
- the width of the active material uncoated portion 22C (lower dot portion of FIG. 2) of the negative electrode is B.
- the length of the portion where the active material uncoated portion 21C of the positive electrode protrudes from one end in the width direction of the separator 23 is C
- the length is D.
- the active material uncoated portion 21C of the positive electrode is made of, for example, aluminum and the active material uncoated portion 22C of the negative electrode is made of, for example, copper
- the active material uncoated portion 21C of the positive electrode is generally more non-active material of the negative electrode. Softer than the covering portion 22C (low young rate). Therefore, in one embodiment, A> B and C> D are more preferable.
- the active material uncoated portion 21C of the positive electrode and the active material uncoated portion 22C of the negative electrode are bent at the same pressure from both polar sides at the same time. At that time, the height measured from the tip of the separator 23 of the bent portion may be about the same for the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22.
- the active material non-covered portions 21C and 22C are bent and appropriately overlapped with each other, the active material non-coated portions 21C and 22C and the current collector plates 24 and 25 can be easily joined by laser welding.
- the joining in one embodiment means that they are electrically connected, but the joining method is not limited to laser welding.
- a section having a width of 3 mm including the boundary between the active material uncoated portion 21C and the active material coated portion 21B is covered with the insulating layer 101 (the gray region portion in FIG. 2). Then, the entire region of the active material non-covered portion 21C of the positive electrode facing the active material coated portion 22B of the negative electrode via the separator is covered with the insulating layer 101.
- the insulating layer 101 has an effect of reliably preventing an internal short circuit of the battery 1 when a foreign substance enters between the active material coating portion 22B of the negative electrode and the active material non-covering portion 21C of the positive electrode. Further, the insulating layer 101 has an effect of absorbing the impact when an impact is applied to the battery 1 and reliably preventing the positive electrode active material non-covered portion 21C from bending or short-circuiting with the negative electrode 22.
- the through hole 26 is a hole for inserting a winding core for assembling the electrode winding body 20 and an electrode rod for welding. Since the electrode winding body 20 is wound so that the active material uncoated portion 21C of the positive electrode and the active material uncoated portion 22C of the negative electrode face each other in opposite directions, one of the end faces (end face 41) of the electrode winding body is wound. ), The active material uncoated portion 21C of the positive electrode is gathered, and the active material uncoated portion 22C of the negative electrode is gathered on the other end surface (end face 42) of the electrode winding body 20.
- the active material non-covered portions 21C and 22C are bent so that the end faces 41 and 42 are flat surfaces.
- the bending direction is the direction from the outer edge portions 27 and 28 of the end faces 41 and 42 toward the through hole 26, and the active material non-covered portions on the adjacent circumferences are overlapped and bent in a wound state.
- the "flat surface” includes not only a completely flat surface but also a surface having some unevenness and surface roughness to the extent that the non-covered portion of the active material and the current collector plate can be joined. ..
- the groove 43 extends from the outer edges 27, 28 of the end faces 41, 42 to the through hole 26.
- a through hole 26 in the center of the electrode winding body 20, and the through hole 26 is used as a hole for inserting a welding tool in the assembly process of the lithium ion battery 1.
- the groove 43 remains in the flat surface even after the active material non-covered portions 21C and 22C are bent, and the portion without the groove 43 is joined (welded or the like) to the positive electrode current collector plate 24 or the negative electrode current collector plate 25. ing. Not only the flat surface but also the groove 43 may be joined to a part of the current collector plates 24 and 25.
- the detailed configuration of the electrode winding body 20, that is, the detailed configuration of each of the positive electrode 21, the negative electrode 22, the separator 23, and the electrolytic solution will be described later.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show an example of a current collector plate.
- FIG. 3A is a positive electrode current collector plate 24, and FIG. 3B is a negative electrode current collector plate 25.
- the material of the positive current collector plate 24 is, for example, a metal plate made of a single substance or a composite material of aluminum or an aluminum alloy
- the material of the negative electrode current collector plate 25 is, for example, a single body or a composite material of nickel, a nickel alloy, copper or a copper alloy. It is a metal plate made of material (clad material).
- the shape of the positive electrode current collector plate 24 is a flat fan-shaped plate-shaped portion 31 with a rectangular strip-shaped portion 32 attached. There is a hole 35 near the center of the plate-shaped portion 31, and the position of the hole 35 is a position corresponding to the through hole 26.
- the portion shown by the diagonal line in FIG. 3A is the insulating portion 32A to which the insulating tape is attached or the insulating material is applied to the strip-shaped portion 32, and the portion below the shaded portion in the drawing is to the sealing plate which also serves as an external terminal.
- the connection portion 32B In the case of a battery structure in which the through hole 26 does not have a metal center pin (not shown), the band-shaped portion 32 is unlikely to come into contact with the negative electrode potential portion, so that even if the insulating portion 32A is not provided. good. In that case, the width between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 can be increased by the amount corresponding to the thickness of the insulating portion 32A to increase the charge / discharge capacity.
- the shape of the negative electrode current collector plate 25 is almost the same as that of the positive electrode current collector plate 24, but the strip-shaped portion is different.
- the strip-shaped portion 34 of the negative electrode current collector plate of FIG. 3B is shorter than the strip-shaped portion 32 of the positive electrode current collector plate, and has no portion corresponding to the insulating portion 32A.
- the band-shaped portion 34 has a round-shaped projection 37 indicated by a plurality of circles. At the time of resistance welding, the current concentrates on the protrusion, the protrusion melts, and the band-shaped portion 34 is welded to the bottom of the battery can 11.
- the negative electrode current collector plate 25 has a hole 36 near the center of the plate-shaped portion 33, and the position of the hole 36 is a position corresponding to the through hole 26. Since the plate-shaped portion 31 of the positive electrode current collector plate 24 and the plate-shaped portion 33 of the negative electrode current collector plate 25 have a fan shape, they cover a part of the end faces 41 and 42. The reason why it does not cover the whole is to allow the electrolytic solution to smoothly penetrate into the electrode winding body when assembling the battery, or to release the gas generated when the battery becomes abnormally high temperature or overcharged to the outside of the battery. This is to make it easier to do.
- the positive electrode active material layer contains at least a positive electrode material (positive electrode active material) capable of occluding and releasing lithium, and may further contain a positive electrode binder, a positive electrode conductive agent, and the like.
- the positive electrode material is preferably a lithium-containing composite oxide or a lithium-containing phosphoric acid compound.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide has, for example, a layered rock salt type or a spinel type crystal structure.
- the lithium-containing phosphoric acid compound has, for example, an olivine-type crystal structure.
- the positive electrode binder contains synthetic rubber or a polymer compound.
- Synthetic rubber includes styrene-butadiene rubber, fluorine-based rubber, ethylene propylene diene and the like.
- the polymer compound is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyimide and the like.
- the positive electrode conductive agent is a carbon material such as graphite, carbon black, acetylene black or ketjen black.
- the positive electrode conductive agent may be a metal material or a conductive polymer.
- the thickness of the positive electrode foil 21A is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less. This is because by setting the thickness of the positive electrode foil 21A to 5 ⁇ m or more, it becomes possible to manufacture the positive electrode 21 without breaking when the positive electrode 21, the negative electrode 22, and the separator 23 are overlapped and wound. By reducing the thickness of the positive electrode foil 21A to 20 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the energy density of the battery 1 and increase the facing area between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 to make the battery 1 having a large output. Because.
- the surface of the negative electrode foil 22A is preferably roughened in order to improve the adhesion to the negative electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode active material layer contains at least a negative electrode material (negative electrode active material) capable of occluding and releasing lithium, and may further contain a negative electrode binder, a negative electrode conductive agent, and the like.
- the negative electrode material includes, for example, a carbon material.
- the carbon material is graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, graphite, low crystalline carbon, or amorphous carbon.
- the shape of the carbon material is fibrous, spherical, granular or scaly.
- the negative electrode material includes, for example, a metal-based material.
- metal-based materials include Li (lithium), Si (silicon), Sn (tin), Al (aluminum), Zr (zinc), and Ti (titanium).
- Metallic elements form compounds, mixtures or alloys with other elements, such as silicon oxide (SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2)), silicon carbide (SiC) or carbon-silicon alloys. , Lithium titanate (LTO).
- the thickness of the negative electrode foil 22A is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less. This is because by setting the thickness of the negative electrode foil 22A to 5 ⁇ m or more, it becomes possible to manufacture the negative electrode 22 without breaking when the positive electrode 21, the negative electrode 22 and the separator 23 are overlapped and wound. By reducing the thickness of the negative electrode foil 22A to 20 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the energy density of the battery 1 and increase the facing area between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 to make the battery 1 having a large output. Because.
- the separator 23 is a porous film containing a resin, and may be a laminated film of two or more kinds of porous films.
- the resin is polypropylene, polyethylene or the like.
- the separator 23 may have a porous film as a base material layer and may contain a resin layer on one side or both sides thereof. This is because the adhesion of the separator 23 to each of the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 is improved, so that the distortion of the electrode winding body 20 is suppressed.
- the resin layer contains a resin such as PVdF.
- a solution in which the resin is dissolved in an organic solvent is applied to the base material layer, and then the base material layer is dried. After immersing the base material layer in the solution, the base material layer may be dried.
- the resin layer contains inorganic particles or organic particles from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance and battery safety.
- the types of inorganic particles are aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, boehmite, talc, silica, mica, and the like.
- a surface layer containing inorganic particles as a main component which is formed by a sputtering method, an ALD (atomic layer deposition) method, or the like, may be used.
- the thickness of the separator 23 is preferably 4 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less. By setting the thickness of the separator to 4 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to prevent an internal short circuit due to contact between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 facing each other via the separator 23. By setting the thickness of the separator 23 to 30 ⁇ m or less, lithium ions and the electrolytic solution can easily pass through the separator 23, and when wound, the electrode densities of the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 can be increased.
- the electrolytic solution contains a solvent and an electrolyte salt, and may further contain additives and the like, if necessary.
- the solvent is a non-aqueous solvent such as an organic solvent, or water.
- An electrolytic solution containing a non-aqueous solvent is called a non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- the non-aqueous solvent is a cyclic carbonate ester, a chain carbonate ester, a lactone, a chain carboxylic acid ester, a nitrile (mononitrile), or the like.
- a typical example of the electrolyte salt is a lithium salt, but a salt other than the lithium salt may be contained.
- Lithium salts include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium methanesulfonate (LiCH 3 SO 3 ), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.
- Lithium (LiCF 3 SO 3 ) dilithium hexafluorosilicate (Li 2 SF 6 ), etc.
- These salts can be mixed and used, and among them, it is preferable to use a mixture of LiPF 6 and LiBF 4 from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics.
- the content of the electrolyte salt is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 mol / kg to 3 mol / kg with respect to the solvent.
- the positive electrode active material is applied to the surface of the strip-shaped positive electrode foil 21A, which is used as the covering portion of the positive electrode 21, and the negative electrode active material is applied to the surface of the band-shaped negative electrode foil 22A, which is applied to the negative electrode 22. It was used as a covering part.
- active material uncoated portions 21C and 22C were prepared in which the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material were not coated on one end in the lateral direction of the positive electrode 21 and one end in the lateral direction of the negative electrode 22.
- a notch was made in a part of the active material uncoated portions 21C and 22C, which corresponds to the beginning of winding when winding. Steps such as drying were performed on the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22. Then, the active material uncoated portion 21C of the positive electrode and the active material uncoated portion 22C of the negative electrode are overlapped with each other via the separator 23 so as to be in opposite directions, and a through hole 26 is formed in the central axis and a notch is prepared.
- the electrode winding body 20 as shown in FIG. 4A was produced by winding in a spiral shape so as to be arranged near the central axis.
- a groove 43 is formed in the end face 41 and a part of the end face 42 by pressing the end of a thin flat plate (for example, a thickness of 0.5 mm) perpendicular to the end faces 41 and 42. ..
- a groove 43 extending radially from the through hole 26 was produced.
- the number and arrangement of the grooves 43 shown in FIG. 4B are merely examples.
- the same pressure is applied from both poles at the same time in a direction substantially perpendicular to the end faces 41 and 42, and the active material uncoated portion 21C of the positive electrode and the active material uncoated portion 22C of the negative electrode are bent to bend the end face.
- the strips 32 and 34 of the current collector plates 24 and 25 are bent, and the insulating plates 12 and 13 (or insulating tape) are attached to the positive electrode current collector plate 24 and the negative electrode current collector plate 25.
- the electrode winding body 20 assembled as described above was inserted into the battery can 11 shown in 4E, and the bottom of the battery can 11 was welded. After injecting the electrolytic solution into the battery can 11, sealing was performed with the gasket 15 and the battery lid 14 as shown in FIG. 4F.
- the present invention will be specifically described based on an example in which the lithium ion battery 1 produced as described above is used and the internal resistance of the battery is compared.
- the present invention is not limited to the examples described below.
- the size of the cylindrical battery was 21700 (diameter 21 mm, length 70 mm), the number of grooves 43 was 8, and the grooves 43 were arranged at substantially equiangular intervals.
- Laser welding was performed in the arrangement as shown in FIG. 5 to join the positive electrode current collector plate 24 and the positive electrode active material uncoated portion 21C and the negative electrode current collector plate 25 and the negative electrode active material uncoated portion 22C.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the end faces 41, 42 and the groove 43 of the electrode winding body through the current collector plates 24 and 25 in order to explain the position of the laser welding mark.
- the portion shown by the thick black solid line portion in FIG. 5 is the laser welding mark 51.
- the laser welding marks 51 were arranged linearly at substantially equal angular intervals from the vicinity of the holes 35 and 36 to the outer peripheral portion, one for each of the adjacent grooves 43. As shown in FIG. 5, six laser welding marks 51 were arranged in the portion covered by the current collector plates 24 and 25, and the length of each laser welding mark 51 was set to 6 mm.
- the negative electrode foil referred to here is basically the same as the negative electrode foil 22A after the negative electrode is manufactured and the active material uncoated portion 22C of the negative electrode.
- the glossiness can be measured on the negative electrode foil (copper foil) before coating the negative electrode active material, but it can also be performed on the copper foil taken out from the completed battery.
- the negative electrode plate separated by disassembling and unwinding the winding body is washed with, for example, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and dried.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- the portion where the copper foil is exposed from the negative electrode plate, that is, the portion where the active material is not applied is cut out to a predetermined size.
- the glossiness of the copper foil pieces separated in this way can be measured.
- the glossiness is based on JIS Z8741: 1997, and is Gs (60 °) in which the incident angle of light is 60 °.
- Gs (60 °) is a value where the value of the mirror gloss on the glass surface having a refractive index of 1.567 is 100.
- a negative electrode was produced using a negative electrode foil whose glossiness was measured in advance, and the lithium ion battery 1 was assembled.
- the thickness of the negative electrode foil (copper foil) is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
- an electrolytic copper foil was used as the negative electrode foil (copper foil) which is the material of the negative electrode 22.
- the electrolytic copper foil is manufactured by continuously depositing copper plating on the surface of the drum using a rotating drum as a cathode, while the deposited copper plating is peeled off from the drum and wound up.
- the surface (drum surface) of the manufactured electrolytic copper foil that was in contact with the drum and the surface that was deposited on the liquid side (precipitated surface) have different properties.
- the surface of the drum has a low surface roughness and a high gloss, faithfully reflecting the polished state of the surface of the drum.
- the drum surface is the precipitation start surface
- the crystal grain size tends to be small, and the variation in the crystal grain size tends to be small.
- the precipitation surface is in the direction of crystal growth, the surface roughness tends to be large, the glossiness is low, the crystal grain size is large, and the crystal grain size tends to vary widely.
- the negative electrode foil In the above-mentioned electrode winding body, by making the winding inner surface of the negative electrode foil (copper foil) a drum surface and the winding outer surface a precipitation surface, the negative electrode foil (copper foil) is broken at a certain position and overlapped and aligned over the entire circumference. Therefore, the flatness of the end face 42 can be increased.
- the inner surface of the winding is a precipitation surface and the outer surface of the winding is a drum surface
- the negative electrode foil (copper foil) often has a large variation in the folding position or is broken in an S shape. Therefore, the flatness of the end face 42 becomes low.
- the yield stress is high because the crystal grain size is small, and the yield stress is almost uniform because the variation in the crystal grain size is small.
- the negative electrode current collector foil is used while the force of folding inward is smaller than the yield stress. It withstands, but when the yield stress is exceeded, it bends at a fixed position all at once from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side of the electrode winding body. As a result, the negative electrode foils (copper foils) on the tip side of the bent position are overlapped and aligned, so that the flatness of the end face 42 is considered to be high.
- the precipitation surface of the negative electrode foil has a low yield stress due to the large crystal grain size, and the yield stress also has a large variation due to the large variation in the crystal grain size.
- the negative electrode foil bends at different positions depending on the yield stress. As a result, it is considered that the negative electrode foils (copper foils) are not aligned and become a messy state, and recesses are generated in a part of the negative electrode end face 42 to reduce the flatness.
- the main surface (first) facing the central axis (through hole 26) of the electrode winding body 20 when the negative electrode 22 constitutes the electrode winding body 20, the main surface (first) facing the central axis (through hole 26) of the electrode winding body 20.
- the main surface) was referred to as a winding inner surface
- the main surface (second main surface) not facing the central axis (through hole 26) of the electrode winding body was referred to as a winding outer surface.
- the negative electrode 22 was manufactured so that the glossiness of the negative electrode 22 was different between the inner surface of the winding and the outer surface of the winding.
- the material of the negative electrode foil was copper, and the thickness was 10 ⁇ m.
- the active material uncoated portion of the negative electrode is used.
- D 3 mm.
- Example 1 A copper foil having a glossiness on the inner surface of the winding larger than the glossiness on the outer surface of the winding was prepared, and the negative electrode 22 was manufactured using the copper foil to prepare the battery 1.
- the internal resistance (DCR) of the battery 1 was measured and evaluated.
- the DC resistance is obtained by calculating the slope of the voltage when the discharge current is increased from 0 (A) to 100 (A) in 5 seconds.
- the number of measured batteries 1 was set to 30.
- the internal resistance (DCR) of the battery 1 represents an average value for 30 measured values, and it was determined that the internal resistance (DCR) of the battery 1 was 11.0 m ⁇ or less as OK, and the others were NG.
- Table 1 The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 1 the value of the internal resistance of the battery 1 was 11.0 m ⁇ or less (determination OK), and welding defects (drilling, spatter, etc.) did not occur, whereas from Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 3, the value of the internal resistance of the battery 1 was larger than 11.0 m ⁇ (determination NG), and welding failure occurred.
- the active material uncoated portion 22C of the negative electrode is bent at a certain position toward the central axis of the electrode winding body 20, and the activity on the tip side from the bent position is bent. It is considered that the end surface 42 forms a flat surface because the material uncoated portions 22C overlap and align with each other.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 as shown in FIG.
- the active material uncoated portion 22C of the negative electrode is bent in an S shape at different positions, and the active material uncoated portion 22C is not aligned and becomes a messy state. It is considered that there are places where the flatness is low due to the unevenness of the end face 42. In the embodiment, since the end face 42 and the negative electrode current collector plate 25 can be in close contact with each other without a gap, a defect in laser welding does not occur. Therefore, it is considered that the internal resistance of the battery 1 is low. From Table 1, it can be determined that the internal resistance of the battery is low when the glossiness of the winding inner surface of the negative electrode foil is larger than the glossiness of the winding outer surface.
- Example 4 A copper foil having a glossiness of the inner surface of the winding larger than the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding and a glossiness of the inner surface of the winding of 150 or more was prepared, and the negative electrode 22 was manufactured using the copper foil to prepare the battery 1.
- Example 7 to 9 A copper foil having a glossiness of the inner surface of the winding larger than the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding and a glossiness of the inner surface of the winding of 200 or more was prepared, and the negative electrode 22 was manufactured using the copper foil to prepare the battery 1.
- Example 10 to 12 A copper foil having a glossiness of the inner surface of the winding larger than the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding and a glossiness of the inner surface of the winding less than 150 was prepared, and the negative electrode 22 was manufactured using the copper foil to prepare the battery 1.
- the value of the internal resistance of the batteries of Examples 4 to 12 was 11.0 m ⁇ or less (determination OK), and no welding defect occurred.
- the value of the internal resistance of the battery 1 of Examples 4 to 6 is lower than that of Examples 10 to 12, and the value of the internal resistance of the battery 1 of Examples 7 to 9 is from Example 4 to Examples. It was lower than 6. From Table 2, it can be determined that the internal resistance of the battery 1 of the negative electrode foil is low when the glossiness of the winding inner surface is larger than the glossiness of the winding outer surface and the glossiness of the winding inner surface is 150 or more. In particular, when the glossiness of the winding inner surface of the negative electrode foil is larger than the glossiness of the winding outer surface and the glossiness of the winding inner surface is 200 or more, it can be determined that the internal resistance of the battery 1 is lower.
- a negative electrode foil (copper foil) having a glossiness of the inner surface of the winding larger than the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding and a glossiness of the outer surface of the winding of 110 or more is prepared, and the negative electrode 22 is manufactured using this copper foil to prepare the battery 1. bottom.
- a negative electrode foil (copper foil) having a glossiness of the inner surface of the winding larger than the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding and a glossiness of the outer surface of the winding of 130 or more is prepared, and the negative electrode 22 is manufactured using this copper foil to prepare the battery 1. bottom.
- Example 19 A negative electrode foil (copper foil) having a glossiness of the inner surface of the winding larger than the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding and a glossiness of the outer surface of the winding less than 110 is prepared, and the negative electrode 22 is manufactured using this copper foil to prepare the battery 1. bottom.
- the internal resistance of the battery was 11.0 m ⁇ or less (determination OK), and no welding defect occurred.
- the values of internal resistance of Examples 13 to 15 were lower than those of Examples 19 to 21, and the values of internal resistance of Examples 16 to 18 were lower than those of Examples 13 to 15. From Table 3, it can be determined that the internal resistance of the battery 1 of the negative electrode foil is low when the glossiness of the winding inner surface is larger than the glossiness of the winding outer surface and the glossiness of the winding outer surface is 110 or more. In particular, when the glossiness of the winding inner surface of the negative electrode foil is larger than the glossiness of the winding outer surface and the glossiness of the winding outer surface is 130 or more, it can be determined that the internal resistance of the battery 1 is lower.
- the difference between the glossiness of the inner surface of the winding and the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding is constant (50 or 80) or more and constant. We examined the case where it was less than the value.
- a negative electrode 22 is manufactured using a negative electrode foil (copper foil) in which the glossiness of the inner surface of the winding is larger than the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding and the difference between the glossiness of the inner surface of the winding and the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding is 50 or more. Was produced.
- a negative electrode 22 is manufactured using a negative electrode foil (copper foil) in which the glossiness of the inner surface of the winding is larger than the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding and the difference between the glossiness of the inner surface of the winding and the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding is 80 or more. Was produced.
- a negative electrode 22 is manufactured using a negative electrode foil (copper foil) in which the glossiness of the inner surface of the winding is larger than the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding and the difference between the glossiness of the inner surface of the winding and the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding is less than 50. Was produced.
- the internal resistance of the battery was 11.0 m ⁇ or less (determination OK), and no welding defect occurred.
- the value of the internal resistance of the battery 1 of Examples 22 to 24 is lower than that of Examples 28 to 30, and the value of the internal resistance of Examples 25 to 27 is lower than that of Examples 22 to 24. rice field.
- the negative electrode foil when the glossiness of the winding inner surface is larger than the glossiness of the winding outer surface and the difference between the glossiness of the winding inner surface and the glossiness of the winding outer surface is 50 or more, the battery 1 It can be judged that the internal resistance is low.
- the negative electrode foil (copper foil) when the difference between the glossiness of the inner surface of the winding and the glossiness of the outer surface of the winding is 80 or more, it can be determined that the internal resistance of the battery 1 is lower.
- Example 31 the value of the internal resistance of the battery 1 was 11.0 m ⁇ or less (determination OK), and no welding defect occurred, whereas in Comparative Example 4, the value of the internal resistance of the battery 1 was 11. It was larger than 0 m ⁇ (judgment NG), and welding defects (perforations, spatter, etc.) occurred.
- Example 31 as in Example 1, as shown in FIG. 6, the active material uncoated portion 22C of the negative electrode is bent in one direction toward the central axis of the electrode winding body 20, and the active material uncoated portion 22C of the negative electrode is bent.
- Comparative Example 4 as shown in FIG.
- Example 31 in which the active material uncoated portions 22C of the negative electrode are aligned and overlapped, it is considered that the internal resistance of the battery 1 is relatively low because the laser welding defect does not occur.
- D 3 mm, but it is considered that the same applies to D> 3 mm. From Table 5, it can be determined that the internal resistance of the battery 1 is low when the length of the portion of the negative electrode not covered with the active material 22C protruding from the other end in the width direction of the separator 23 is 3 mm or more.
- one laser welding mark is arranged between adjacent grooves 43, but a plurality of laser welding marks are arranged between adjacent grooves 43. You may. In this case, the area of the laser weld marks is larger, so that the internal resistance of the battery is lower.
- the number of grooves 43 is set to 8, but other numbers may be used.
- the battery size is cylindrical 21700 (diameter 21 mm, height 70 mm), it may be 18650 (diameter 18 mm, height 65 mm) or a size other than these.
- the positive electrode current collector plate 24 and the negative electrode current collector plate 25 are provided with fan-shaped plate-shaped portions 31, 33, but may have other shapes.
- the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 have a structure in which the active material uncoated portions 21C and 22C are bent and welded to the current collector plates 24 and 25, but the positive electrode 21 is other than that. It may be a structure.
- the present invention applies to batteries other than lithium ion batteries and batteries other than cylindrical batteries (for example, laminated batteries, square batteries, coin batteries, button batteries). It is also possible.
- the shape of the "end face of the electrode winding body" may be not only a cylindrical shape but also an elliptical shape or a flat shape.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration example when the battery 1 according to the embodiment or embodiment of the present invention is applied to the battery pack 300.
- the battery pack 300 includes a switch unit 304 including an assembled battery 301, a charge control switch 302a, and a discharge control switch 303a, a current detection resistor 307, a temperature detection element 308, and a control unit 310.
- the control unit 310 can control each device, perform charge / discharge control when abnormal heat generation occurs, and calculate or correct the remaining capacity of the battery pack 300.
- the positive electrode terminal 321 and the negative electrode terminal 322 of the battery pack 300 are connected to a charger or an electronic device to charge and discharge.
- the assembled battery 301 is formed by connecting a plurality of secondary batteries 301a in series and / or in parallel.
- the temperature detection unit 318 is connected to a temperature detection element 308 (for example, a thermistor), measures the temperature of the assembled battery 301 or the battery pack 300, and supplies the measured temperature to the control unit 310.
- the voltage detection unit 311 measures the voltage of the assembled battery 301 and each of the secondary batteries 301a constituting the assembled battery 301, A / D converts the measured voltage, and supplies the measured voltage to the control unit 310.
- the current measuring unit 313 measures the current using the current detection resistor 307, and supplies the measured current to the control unit 310.
- the switch control unit 314 controls the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a of the switch unit 304 based on the voltage and current input from the voltage detection unit 311 and the current measurement unit 313.
- the switch control unit 314 is the switch unit 304 when the secondary battery 301a becomes the overcharge detection voltage (for example, 4.20V ⁇ 0.05V) or more or the overdischarge detection voltage (2.4V ⁇ 0.1V) or less. By sending an OFF control signal to, overcharging or overdischarging is prevented.
- the charge control switch 302a or the discharge control switch 303a After the charge control switch 302a or the discharge control switch 303a is turned off, charging or discharging is possible only through the diode 302b or the diode 303b.
- semiconductor switches such as MOSFETs can be used.
- the switch portion 304 is provided on the + side in FIG. 9, it may be provided on the ⁇ side.
- the memory 317 is composed of RAM and ROM, and the battery characteristic values calculated by the control unit 310, the fully charged capacity, the remaining capacity, and the like are stored and rewritten.
- the battery 1 according to the embodiment or embodiment of the present invention described above can be mounted on a device such as an electronic device, an electric transport device, or a power storage device and used to supply electric power.
- Electronic devices include, for example, notebook computers, smartphones, tablet terminals, PDAs (personal digital assistants), mobile phones, wearable terminals, digital still cameras, electronic books, music players, game machines, hearing aids, electric tools, televisions, lighting equipment. , Toys, medical equipment, robots. Further, an electric transport device, a power storage device, a power tool, and an electric unmanned aerial vehicle, which will be described later, may also be included in the electronic device in a broad sense.
- Examples of electric transportation equipment include electric vehicles (including hybrid vehicles), electric motorcycles, electric assisted bicycles, electric buses, electric carts, unmanned transport vehicles (AGV), railway vehicles, and the like. It also includes electric passenger aircraft and electric unmanned aerial vehicles for transportation.
- the secondary battery according to the present invention is used not only as a power source for driving these, but also as an auxiliary power source, a power source for energy regeneration, and the like.
- Examples of the power storage device include a power storage module for commercial or household use, and a power supply for power storage for buildings such as houses, buildings, and offices, or for power generation equipment.
- the electric screwdriver 431 is provided with a motor 433 that transmits rotational power to the shaft 434 and a trigger switch 432 that is operated by the user.
- the battery pack 430 and the motor control unit 435 according to the present invention are housed in the lower housing of the handle of the electric screwdriver 431.
- the battery pack 430 is built into the electric screwdriver 431 or is removable.
- the battery 1 of the present invention can be applied to the batteries constituting the battery pack 430.
- Each of the battery pack 430 and the motor control unit 435 is provided with a microcomputer (not shown) so that the charge / discharge information of the battery pack 430 can communicate with each other.
- the motor control unit 435 can control the operation of the motor 433 and cut off the power supply to the motor 433 in the event of an abnormality such as over-discharge.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows a configuration example of a hybrid vehicle (HV) that employs a series hybrid system.
- the series hybrid system is a vehicle that runs on a power driving force converter using the electric power generated by a generator powered by an engine or the electric power temporarily stored in a battery.
- the hybrid vehicle 600 includes an engine 601, a generator 602, a power driving force converter 603 (DC motor or AC motor; hereinafter simply referred to as "motor 603"), drive wheels 604a, drive wheels 604b, wheels 605a, and wheels 605b. , Battery 608, vehicle control device 609, various sensors 610, and charging port 611 are mounted. As the battery 608, the battery pack 300 of the present invention or a power storage module equipped with a plurality of batteries 1 of the present invention can be applied.
- the motor 603 is operated by the electric power of the battery 608, and the rotational force of the motor 603 is transmitted to the drive wheels 604a and 604b.
- the rotational force generated by the engine 601 makes it possible to store the electric power generated by the generator 602 in the battery 608.
- the various sensors 610 control the engine speed via the vehicle control device 609, and control the opening degree of the throttle valve (not shown).
- the hybrid vehicle 600 When the hybrid vehicle 600 is decelerated by a braking mechanism (not shown), the resistance force at the time of deceleration is applied to the motor 603 as a rotational force, and the regenerative power generated by this rotational force is stored in the battery 608. Further, the battery 608 can be charged by being connected to an external power source via the charging port 611 of the hybrid vehicle 600.
- a plug-in hybrid vehicle PV or PHEV
- the secondary battery according to the present invention can be applied to a miniaturized primary battery and use it as a power source for a pneumatic sensor system (TPMS: Tire Pressure Monitoring system) built in the wheels 604 and 605.
- TPMS Tire Pressure Monitoring system
- the present invention can also be applied to a parallel system in which an engine and a motor are used together, or a hybrid vehicle in which a series system and a parallel system are combined. Further, the present invention can be applied to an electric vehicle (EV or BEV) traveling only by a drive motor that does not use an engine, or a fuel cell vehicle (FCV).
- EV or BEV electric vehicle
- FCV fuel cell vehicle
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Abstract
Description
負極は、帯状の負極箔上に、負極活物質層によって被覆された負極活物質被覆部と、負極活物質非被覆部を有し、
電極巻回体の一端から突出した負極活物質非被覆部が、電極巻回体の中心軸に向かって曲折し、重なり合うことによって形成された平坦面を有し、
平坦面は負極集電板と接合され、
負極箔は、中心軸に対向する第1の主面と、中心軸に対向しない第2の主面を有し、
第1の主面の光沢度をG1とし、第2の主面の光沢度をG2とするとき、G1>G2を満たす二次電池である。
<1.一実施の形態>
<2.変形例>
<3.応用例>
以下に説明する実施の形態等は本発明の好適な具体例であり、本発明の内容がこれらの実施の形態等に限定されるものではない。
まず、リチウムイオン電池の全体構成に関して説明する。図1は、リチウムイオン電池1の概略断面図である。リチウムイオン電池1は、例えば、図1に示すように、電池缶11の内部に電極巻回体20が収納されている円筒型のリチウムイオン電池1である。
電池缶11は、主に、電極巻回体20を収納する部材である。この電池缶11は、例えば、一端面が開放されると共に他端面が閉塞された円筒状の容器である。すなわち、電池缶11は、開放された一端面(開放端面11N)を有している。この電池缶11は、例えば、鉄、アルミニウム及びそれらの合金などの金属材料のうちのいずれか1種類又は2種類以上を含んでいる。ただし、電池缶11の表面には、例えば、ニッケルなどの金属材料のうちのいずれか1種類又は2種類以上が鍍金されていてもよい。
絶縁板12,13は、電極巻回体20の中心軸に対して略垂直な面を有する円盤状の板である。また、絶縁板12,13は、例えば、互いに電極巻回体20を挟むように配置されている。
電池缶11の開放端面11Nには、電池蓋14及び安全弁機構30がガスケット15を介して、かしめられており、かしめ構造11R(クリンプ構造)が形成されている。これにより、電池缶11の内部に電極巻回体20などが収納された状態において、その電池缶11は密閉されている。
電池蓋14は、主に、電池缶11の内部に電極巻回体20などが収納された状態において、その電池缶11の開放端面11Nを閉塞する部材である。この電池蓋14は、例えば、電池缶11の形成材料と同様の材料を含んでいる。電池蓋14のうちの中央領域は、例えば、+Z方向に突出している。これにより、電池蓋14のうちの中央領域以外の領域(周辺領域)は、例えば、安全弁機構30に接触している。
ガスケット15は、主に、電池缶11(折り曲げ部11P)と電池蓋14との間に介在することにより、その折り曲げ部11Pと電池蓋14との間の隙間を封止する部材である。ただし、ガスケット15の表面には、例えば、アスファルトなどが塗布されていてもよい。
安全弁機構30は、主に、電池缶11の内部の圧力(内圧)が上昇した際に、必要に応じて電池缶11の密閉状態を解除することにより、その内圧を開放する。電池缶11の内圧が上昇する原因は、例えば、充放電時において電解液の分解反応に起因して発生するガスなどである。
円筒形状のリチウムイオン電池では、帯状の正極21と帯状の負極22がセパレータ23を介して積層され、渦巻き状に巻回されて、電解液に含浸された状態で、電池缶11に収まっている。正極21は正極箔21Aの片面又は両面に正極活物質層を形成したものであり、正極箔21Aの材料は例えば、アルミニウムやアルミニウム合金でできた金属箔である。負極22は負極箔22Aの片面又は両面に負極活物質層を形成したものであり、負極箔22Aの材料は例えば、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、銅や銅合金でできた金属箔である。セパレータ23は多孔質で絶縁性のあるフィルムであり、正極21と負極22とを電気的に絶縁しながら、イオンや電解液等の物質の移動を可能にしている。
電極巻回体20の詳細な構成、すなわち正極21、負極22、セパレータ23及び電解液のそれぞれの詳細な構成に関しては、後述する。
通常のリチウムイオン電池では例えば、正極と負極の一か所ずつに電流取出し用のリードが溶接されているが、これでは電池の内部抵抗が大きく、放電時にリチウムイオン電池が発熱し高温になるため、ハイレート放電には適さない。そこで、一実施の形態のリチウムイオン電池では、端面41,42に正極集電板24と負極集電板25とを配置し、端面41,42に存在する正極や負極の活物質非被覆部21C,22Cと多点で溶接することで、電池の内部抵抗を低く抑えている。端面41,42が曲折して平坦面となっていることも低抵抗化に寄与している。
正極活物質層は、リチウムを吸蔵及び放出することが可能である正極材料(正極活物質)を少なくとも含み、さらに、正極結着剤及び正極導電剤などを含んでいてもよい。正極材料は、リチウム含有複合酸化物又はリチウム含有リン酸化合物が好ましい。リチウム含有複合酸化物は、例えば、層状岩塩型又はスピネル型の結晶構造を有している。リチウム含有リン酸化合物は、例えば、オリビン型の結晶構造を有している。
負極箔22Aの表面は、負極活物質層との密着性向上のために粗面化されていることが好ましい。負極活物質層は、リチウムを吸蔵及び放出することが可能である負極材料(負極活物質)を少なくとも含み、さらに、負極結着剤及び負極導電剤などを含んでいてもよい。
セパレータ23は、樹脂を含む多孔質膜であり、2種類以上の多孔質膜の積層膜でもよい。樹脂は、ポリプロピレン及びポリエチレンなどである。セパレータ23は、多孔質膜を基材層として、その片面又は両面に樹脂層を含んでいてもよい。正極21及び負極22のそれぞれに対するセパレータ23の密着性が向上するため、電極巻回体20の歪みが抑制されるからである。
電解液は、溶媒及び電解質塩を含み、必要に応じてさらに添加剤などを含んでいてもよい。溶媒は、有機溶媒などの非水溶媒、又は水である。非水溶媒を含む電解液を非水電解液という。非水溶媒は、環状炭酸エステル、鎖状炭酸エステル、ラクトン、鎖状カルボン酸エステル又はニトリル(モノニトリル)などである。
図4Aから図4Fを参照して、一実施の形態のリチウムイオン電池1の作製方法について述べる。まず、正極活物質を、帯状の正極箔21Aの表面に塗着させ、これを正極21の被覆部とし、負極活物質を、帯状の負極箔22Aの表面に塗着させ、これを負極22の被覆部とした。このとき、正極21の短手方向の一端と負極22の短手方向の一端に、正極活物質と負極活物質が塗着されていない活物質非被覆部21C,22Cを作製した。活物質非被覆部21C,22Cの一部であって、巻回するときの巻き始めに当たる部分に、切欠きを作製した。正極21と負極22とには乾燥等の工程を行った。そして、正極の活物質非被覆部21Cと負極の活物質非被覆部22Cが逆方向となるようにセパレータ23を介して重ね、中心軸に貫通孔26ができるように、且つ、作製した切欠きが中心軸付近に配置されるように、渦巻き状に巻回して、図4Aのような電極巻回体20を作製した。
巻き内面の光沢度が巻き外面の光沢度より大きい銅箔を用意し、この銅箔を用いて負極22を作製し、電池1を作製した。
巻き内面の光沢度が巻き外面の光沢度以下となるような銅箔を用意し、この銅箔を用いて負極22を作製し、電池1を作製した。
上記の電池1について、電池1の内部抵抗(DCR)を計測し、評価を行った。直流抵抗は、放電電流を5秒間で0(A)から100(A)まで上昇させたときの電圧の傾きを算出することで得られる。1つの実施例又は比較例について、計測した電池1の本数を30本とした。電池1の内部抵抗(DCR)は30本の計測値についての平均値を表し、電池1の内部抵抗(DCR)が11.0mΩ以下をOKと判定し、それ以外をNGと判定した。以下の表1に、結果を示す。
巻き内面の光沢度が巻き外面の光沢度より大きく、巻き内面の光沢度が150以上である銅箔を用意し、この銅箔を用いて負極22を作製し、電池1を作製した。
巻き内面の光沢度が巻き外面の光沢度より大きく、巻き内面の光沢度が200以上である銅箔を用意し、この銅箔を用いて負極22を作製し、電池1を作製した。
巻き内面の光沢度が巻き外面の光沢度より大きく、巻き内面の光沢度が150未満である銅箔を用意し、この銅箔を用いて負極22を作製し、電池1を作製した。
実施例4から実施例12の電池1について、上記同様に評価を行った。以下の表2に、その結果を示す。
巻き内面の光沢度が巻き外面の光沢度より大きく、巻き外面の光沢度が110以上である負極箔(銅箔)を用意し、この銅箔を用いて負極22を作製し、電池1を作製した。
巻き内面の光沢度が巻き外面の光沢度より大きく、巻き外面の光沢度が130以上である負極箔(銅箔)を用意し、この銅箔を用いて負極22を作製し、電池1を作製した。
巻き内面の光沢度が巻き外面の光沢度より大きく、巻き外面の光沢度が110未満である負極箔(銅箔)を用意し、この銅箔を用いて負極22を作製し、電池1を作製した。
実施例13から実施例21の電池について、上記同様に評価を行った。以下の表3に、その結果を示す。
巻き内面の光沢度が巻き外面の光沢度より大きく、巻き内面の光沢度と巻き外面の光沢度との差が50以上である負極箔(銅箔)を用いて負極22を作製し、電池1を作製した。
巻き内面の光沢度が巻き外面の光沢度より大きく、巻き内面の光沢度と巻き外面の光沢度との差が80以上である負極箔(銅箔)を用いて負極22を作製し、電池1を作製した。
巻き内面の光沢度が巻き外面の光沢度より大きく、巻き内面の光沢度と巻き外面の光沢度との差が50未満である負極箔(銅箔)を用いて負極22を作製し、電池1を作製した。
実施例22から実施例30の電池について、上記同様に評価を行った。以下の表4に、その結果を示す。
実施例1と同様の銅箔を用意し、この銅箔を用いて負極22を作製し、電池1を作製した。D=3mmとした。
D=2mmとした以外は、実施例31と同様にした。
実施例31と比較例4の電池について、上記同様に評価を行った。以下の表4に、その結果を示す。
以上、本発明の一実施の形態について具体的に説明したが、本発明の内容は上述した実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的思想に基づく各種の変形が可能である。
正極集電板24と負極集電板25は、扇形の形状をした板状部31,33を備えていたが、それ以外の形状であってもよい。
(1)電池パック
図9は、本発明の実施の形態又は実施例にかかる電池1を電池パック300に適用した場合の回路構成例を示すブロック図である。電池パック300は、組電池301、充電制御スイッチ302aと、放電制御スイッチ303a、を備えるスイッチ部304、電流検出抵抗307、温度検出素子308、制御部310を備えている。制御部310は各デバイスの制御を行い、さらに異常発熱時に充放電制御を行ったり、電池パック300の残容量の算出や補正を行ったりすることが可能である。電池パック300の正極端子321及び負極端子322は、充電器や電子機器に接続され、充放電が行われる。
上述した本発明の実施の形態又は実施例に係る電池1は、電子機器や電動輸送機器、蓄電装置などの機器に搭載され、電力を供給するために使用することができる。
図10を参照して、本発明が適用可能な電動工具として電動ドライバの例について概略的に説明する。電動ドライバ431には、シャフト434に回転動力を伝達するモータ433と、ユーザが操作するトリガースイッチ432が設けられている。電動ドライバ431の把手の下部筐体内に、本発明に係る電池パック430及びモータ制御部435が収納されている。電池パック430は、電動ドライバ431に対して内蔵されているか、又は着脱自在とされている。電池パック430を構成する電池に、本発明の電池1を適用できる。
本発明を電動車両用の蓄電システムに適用した例として、図11に、シリーズハイブリッドシステムを採用したハイブリッド車両(HV)の構成例を概略的に示す。シリーズハイブリッドシステムはエンジンを動力とする発電機で発電された電力、あるいはそれをバッテリに一旦貯めておいた電力を用いて、電力駆動力変換装置で走行する車である。
Claims (12)
- セパレータを介して帯状の正極と帯状の負極とが積層され、巻回された構造を有する電極巻回体と、正極集電板と負極集電板と、前記電極巻回体と前記正極集電板と前記負極集電板とを収容する外装缶とを備え、
前記負極は、帯状の負極箔上に、負極活物質層によって被覆された負極活物質被覆部と、負極活物質非被覆部を有し、
前記電極巻回体の一端から突出した前記負極活物質非被覆部が、前記電極巻回体の中心軸に向かって曲折し、重なり合うことによって形成された平坦面を有し、
前記平坦面は前記負極集電板と接合され、
前記負極箔は、前記中心軸に対向する第1の主面と、前記中心軸に対向しない第2の主面を有し、
前記第1の主面の光沢度をG1とし、前記第2の主面の光沢度をG2とするとき、G1>G2を満たす二次電池。 - G1-G2≧50を満たす請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- G1-G2≧80を満たす請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- G1≧150を満たす請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- G1≧200を満たす請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- G2≧110を満たす請求項2に記載の二次電池。
- G2≧130を満たす請求項2に記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質非被覆部が前記セパレータの幅方向の他端から突出した部分の長さが3mm以上である請求項1から7の何れかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極箔の材質は銅または銅合金を含み、前記負極箔の厚さが5μm以上20μm以下である請求項1から7の何れかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記電極巻回体の一端から突出した前記正極活物質非被覆部が、前記電極巻回体の中心軸に向かって曲折し、重なり合うことによって形成された平坦面を有し、
前記平坦面は前記正極集電板と接合された、請求項1から9の何れかに記載の二次電池。 - 請求項1から10の何れかに記載の二次電池を有する電子機器。
- 請求項1から10の何れかに記載の二次電池を有する電動工具。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2022557441A JPWO2022085561A1 (ja) | 2020-10-23 | 2021-10-14 | |
CN202180072331.4A CN116491000A (zh) | 2020-10-23 | 2021-10-14 | 二次电池、电子设备以及电动工具 |
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JPH11144762A (ja) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-05-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 渦巻型リチウムイオン電池用電極およびそれを用いた渦巻型リチウムイオン電池 |
JP2003022842A (ja) * | 2001-05-02 | 2003-01-24 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
JP2004111120A (ja) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-04-08 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 二次電池 |
WO2013001821A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 蓄電デバイスおよび蓄電デバイスの製造方法 |
WO2017061066A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-04-13 | ソニー株式会社 | 残量測定装置、電池パック、電動工具、電動式航空機、電動車両及び電源装置 |
JP2018166079A (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-25 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 二次電池の製造方法 |
JP2019075298A (ja) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-05-16 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 二次電池の製造方法 |
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JPH11144762A (ja) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-05-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 渦巻型リチウムイオン電池用電極およびそれを用いた渦巻型リチウムイオン電池 |
JP2003022842A (ja) * | 2001-05-02 | 2003-01-24 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
JP2004111120A (ja) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-04-08 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 二次電池 |
WO2013001821A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | 蓄電デバイスおよび蓄電デバイスの製造方法 |
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JP2018166079A (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-25 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 二次電池の製造方法 |
JP2019075298A (ja) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-05-16 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 二次電池の製造方法 |
Cited By (1)
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WO2024195306A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-22 | 2024-09-26 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 二次電池 |
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