WO2022085159A1 - Curve generator and grinding method - Google Patents

Curve generator and grinding method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022085159A1
WO2022085159A1 PCT/JP2020/039750 JP2020039750W WO2022085159A1 WO 2022085159 A1 WO2022085159 A1 WO 2022085159A1 JP 2020039750 W JP2020039750 W JP 2020039750W WO 2022085159 A1 WO2022085159 A1 WO 2022085159A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grindstone
workpiece
measuring
plane
grindstones
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PCT/JP2020/039750
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
正成 徳山
仁太 稲田
幸治 石崎
洋 一山
律明 宮地
Original Assignee
オリンパス株式会社
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Application filed by オリンパス株式会社 filed Critical オリンパス株式会社
Priority to CN202080101216.0A priority Critical patent/CN115666850A/en
Priority to JP2022556334A priority patent/JP7436701B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2020/039750 priority patent/WO2022085159A1/en
Publication of WO2022085159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022085159A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor grinding of lenses involving grinding wheels controlled by gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/10—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a curve generator and a grinding method.
  • Patent Document 1 proposes a technique for performing high-precision machining by measuring the shape data of a grindstone in advance and reflecting the measured data in a grinding apparatus.
  • Patent Document 2 proposes a technique for performing high-precision machining by measuring the shape of a grindstone in-line with a grindstone shape sensor and controlling machining conditions based on the measurement data.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a curve generator and a grinding method capable of stably performing high-precision machining in machining using a cup-shaped grindstone. ..
  • the curve generator according to the present invention includes two cup-shaped grindstones having different roughness, a holding mechanism for holding a workpiece to be machined by the grindstone, and the above-mentioned.
  • the rotation axes of the two grindstones are arranged on the first plane, and the rotation axis of one of the two grindstones is the first. It is possible to swing on a second plane different from the first plane, and the axis of rotation of the other of the two grindstones is different from the first plane and parallel to the second plane.
  • the rotation axis of the holding mechanism can be positioned at any of the second plane and the third plane.
  • the drive mechanism moves the holding mechanism and the measuring mechanism along the swing axis of the rotation shafts of the two grindstones.
  • the two measuring mechanisms are provided corresponding to the two grindstones.
  • the curve generator according to the present invention includes two cup-shaped grindstones having different roughness, a holding mechanism for holding a workpiece to be machined by the grindstone, and the above-mentioned.
  • a measuring mechanism for measuring the shape of the grindstone at a portion where the grindstone comes into contact with the workpiece a driving mechanism for moving the holding mechanism and the measuring mechanism to a position facing either of the two grindstones, and the above.
  • a control device for controlling the grindstone, the holding mechanism, the measuring mechanism and the driving mechanism, and a display device for displaying predetermined information are provided, and the control device is based on the shape data of the grindstone measured by the measuring mechanism.
  • the processability of the workpiece is displayed on the display device, and the workpiece can be machined, the machining conditions are generated from the shape data of the grindstone and the generated machining is performed.
  • the work piece is processed by operating the grindstone and the holding mechanism according to the conditions.
  • the grinding method measures the shape of the first grindstone by a measuring mechanism and uses the shape data of the first grindstone measured by the measuring mechanism.
  • a machining condition is generated, the workpiece is ground by the first grindstone according to the generated machining condition, and the shape of the second grindstone having a roughness different from that of the first grindstone is measured by the measurement mechanism.
  • Machining conditions are generated from the shape data of the second grindstone measured by the measuring mechanism, and the workpiece is ground by the second grindstone according to the generated machining conditions.
  • the measuring mechanism and the workpiece can be moved to a position facing a plurality of cup-shaped grindstones, so that the complicated curved surface shape of the grindstone before machining can be accurately performed. It can be measured. Then, based on the measurement result, it is possible to control the machining conditions such as the position, rocking, and rotation speed of the grindstone, so that high-precision machining can be stably performed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of the configuration of a curve generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a swing axis and a second plane of the grindstone in the curve generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state in which the positions of the holding mechanism and the measuring mechanism are exchanged in the curve generator of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of the configuration of the curve generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing how the curve generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention processes the workpiece with the second grindstone and measures the shape of the first grindstone with the second measuring mechanism. be.
  • the configuration of the curve generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the curve generator according to the present embodiment is for processing a workpiece using two cup-shaped grindstones having different roughness.
  • the curved surface (spherical surface or aspherical surface) of the workpiece is machined by rotating the grindstone and the workpiece, respectively, and relatively moving and rocking the grindstone and the workpiece.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates only the configurations necessary for the description of the present invention, and other configurations (for example, an air blow nozzle that injects air into the workpiece during machining, and a grinding fluid that injects grinding fluid into the workpiece during machining). Nozzles, etc.) are not shown. Further, in FIGS. 2 and 3, the drive mechanism 21, the control device 22, the display device 23, and the like in FIG. 1 are not shown.
  • the curve generator 1 includes a first grindstone 11, a second grindstone 13, a holding mechanism 16, a measuring mechanism 17, a driving mechanism 21, a control device 22, and a display device 23. , Is equipped. As shown in the figure, the curve generator 1 measures the mechanism for processing the workpiece W (first grindstone 11 and second grindstone 13) and the shapes of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13. The measuring mechanism 17 is arranged in the same device. Further, although the curve generator 1 includes two grindstones (first grindstone 11 and second grindstone 13), three or more grindstones may be provided.
  • the direction of the rotation axis Ax1 of the first grindstone 11 and the rotation axis Ax2 of the second grindstone 13 is the Z direction
  • the swing axis Ax3 of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 The direction is the X direction
  • the direction perpendicular to the paper surface is the Y direction.
  • the first grindstone 11 is for grinding the workpiece W.
  • the first grindstone 11 is composed of, for example, a cup-shaped grindstone for rough grinding, which has a different roughness from the second grindstone 13. Further, the first grindstone 11 is attached to the mounting base 12.
  • the mounting base 12 is configured so that the first grindstone 11 can be attached to and detached from one end side. Further, the mounting base 12 is configured to be rotatable around the rotation axis Ax1 of the first grindstone 11 with the first grindstone 11 attached. Further, the mounting base 12 is installed on the base 15 together with the mounting base 14 to which the second grindstone 13 is mounted.
  • the second grindstone 13 is for grinding the workpiece W.
  • the second grindstone 13 is composed of, for example, a cup-shaped grindstone for fine grinding, which has a different roughness from the first grindstone 11.
  • the second grindstone 13 is attached to the mounting base 14.
  • the mounting base 14 is configured so that a second grindstone 13 can be attached to and detached from one end side.
  • the mounting base 14 is configured to be rotatable around the rotation axis Ax2 of the second grindstone 13 with the second grindstone 13 attached.
  • the mounting base 14 is installed on the base 15 together with the mounting base 12 to which the first grindstone 11 is mounted.
  • This first plane Pl1 is a plane parallel to the XZ plane in the figure.
  • the rotation axis Ax1 of the first grindstone 11 is configured to be swingable on a second plane Pl2 different from the first plane Pl1.
  • the second plane Pl2 is, for example, a plane orthogonal to the first plane Pl1 and parallel to the YZ plane in the figure. Specifically, the first grindstone 11 swings around the swing shaft Ax3 together with the second grindstone 13 together with the base 15.
  • the rotation axis Ax2 of the second grindstone 13 is configured to be swingable on a third plane different from the first plane Pl1.
  • This third plane is, for example, a plane orthogonal to the first plane Pl1 and a plane parallel to the YZ plane in FIG. Further, the third plane is a plane parallel to the second plane Pl2 shown in the figure, and is arranged on the back side of the second plane Pl2 in the X direction. Specifically, the second grindstone 13 swings around the swing shaft Ax3 together with the first grindstone 11 together with the base 15.
  • the holding mechanism 16 is for holding the workpiece W.
  • the holding mechanism 16 is configured to be movable in the X direction and the Z direction of FIG. That is, in the holding mechanism 16, the second flat surface Pl2 (see FIG. 2) in which the first grindstone 11 swings and the second grindstone 13 swing in a state where the workpiece W is attached to one end side. It is configured so that it can be positioned at any position on the third plane. Further, the holding mechanism 16 is configured to be movable to a position facing either the first grindstone 11 or the second grindstone 13 with the workpiece W attached to one end side. Further, the holding mechanism 16 is configured to be rotatable with the workpiece W attached to one end side.
  • the measuring mechanism 17 is for measuring the shapes of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13. Specifically, the measuring mechanism 17 measures the shapes of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 at the portion where the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 come into contact with the workpiece W.
  • a contact type (mechanical) sensor, a non-contact optical sensor, a capacitance type sensor, or the like can be used, but it is preferable to use an optical sensor capable of three-dimensional measurement.
  • the optical sensor can measure the entire range instead of rotating the grindstone to measure the cross section at a predetermined angle, so it is possible to detect the occurrence of local defects such as chipping and scratches on the grindstone. Is.
  • the drive mechanism 21 is for driving the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17. Specifically, the drive mechanism 21 moves the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 in the X direction and the Z direction of FIG. That is, when the workpiece W is ground by the first grindstone 11, the drive mechanism 21 moves the holding mechanism 16 to the position of the second plane Pl2 (see FIG. 2) along the swing axis Ax3. After that, it is moved to a position facing the first grindstone 11. Further, when the workpiece W is ground by the second grindstone 13, the drive mechanism 21 moves the holding mechanism 16 to the position of the third plane along the swing axis Ax3, and then the second one. Move it to a position facing the grindstone 13.
  • the drive mechanism 21 swaps the positions of the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 to perform fine grinding by the second grindstone 13. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the drive mechanism 21 performs rough grinding of the workpiece W by the first grindstone 11, and then, as shown in FIG. 3, positions the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17. Replace. As a result, the work piece W is finely ground by the second grindstone 13.
  • the control device 22 is for controlling the operation of the first grindstone 11, the second grindstone 13, the holding mechanism 16, the measuring mechanism 17, and the driving mechanism 21. Specifically, the control device 22 determines the deterioration state of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 from the shape data of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 measured by the measuring mechanism 17. Then, the control device 22 displays on the display device 23 information regarding whether or not the workpiece W can be machined by the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13.
  • the control device 22 determines that the workpiece W can be machined by the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13
  • the machining conditions are obtained from the shape data of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13.
  • the control device 22 with respect to the workpiece W based on the shape data of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 and the target machining shape data of the workpiece W prepared in advance.
  • the coordinates of the contact points of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 are calculated.
  • the control device 22 generates machining conditions such as the positions, swings, and rotation speeds of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 based on the calculated coordinates of the contact points.
  • the control device 22 processes the workpiece W by operating the first grindstone 11, the second grindstone 13, and the holding mechanism 16 according to the generated machining conditions.
  • the display device 23 is for displaying predetermined information regarding the processing of the workpiece W.
  • the display device 23 has, for example, information on the shape data of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 measured by the measuring mechanism 17 and whether or not the workpiece W can be processed by the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13. Etc. are displayed.
  • the shape of the first grindstone 11 is measured by the measurement mechanism 17. Subsequently, in the first determination step, the deterioration state and the processability of the first grindstone 11 are determined from the shape data of the first grindstone 11. If it is determined in the first determination step that machining with the first grindstone 11 is possible, the process proceeds to the first machining condition generation step, and machining conditions are generated from the shape data of the first grindstone 11. Subsequently, in the first machining step, the workpiece W is ground by the first grindstone 11 according to the generated machining conditions.
  • the positions of the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 are exchanged by the driving mechanism 21, and then the shape of the second grindstone 13 is measured by the measuring mechanism 17.
  • the second determination step the deterioration state and processability of the second grindstone 13 are determined from the shape data of the second grindstone 13. If it is determined in the second determination step that machining with the second grindstone 13 is possible, the process proceeds to the second machining condition generation step, and machining conditions are generated from the shape data of the second grindstone 13. Subsequently, in the second machining step, the workpiece W is ground by the second grindstone 13 according to the generated machining conditions.
  • the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 having different roughness are attached to the apparatus in advance, and the grindstone Since it is not necessary to replace the grindstone, it is possible to suppress an error in the grinding position when the grindstone is attached, and it is possible to stably process the workpiece W.
  • the measuring mechanism 17 and the workpiece W can be moved to positions facing the cup-shaped first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13. Therefore, it is possible to accurately measure the complicated curved surface shapes of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 before machining. Then, based on the measurement result, for example, the machining conditions such as the position, swing, and rotation speed of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 can be controlled, so that high-precision machining can be stably performed. It can be carried out.
  • the transition of the absolute amount of wear of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 is also grasped by repeated measurement by the measuring mechanism 17. Therefore, it is possible to predict the wear change of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 during machining, and it is possible to generate and control more appropriate machining conditions to realize high-precision machining.
  • the machining can be stably performed with high accuracy, so that the tact time Can be shortened and the cost can be reduced.
  • the shape data after the measurement can be measured.
  • the workpiece W can be accurately ground based on the above.
  • the rotation axis of the workpiece W, the rotation axis Ax1 of the first grindstone 11, the rotation axis Ax2 of the second grindstone 13, and the inclination of the measurement mechanism 17 can be precisely matched, for example, measurement by the measurement mechanism 17. It is also possible to attach / detach the workpiece W inside.
  • the rotation axis Ax1 of the first grindstone 11 and the rotation axis Ax2 of the second grindstone 13 are aligned and have the same flat surface as the rotation axis of the holding mechanism 16. Since it is arranged on (the second plane Pl2 or the third plane), the position control of the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 becomes easy. As a result, the positioning of the first grindstone 11, the second grindstone 13, the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 can be performed with higher accuracy and reproducibility. Therefore, it is possible to improve the measurement accuracy of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13, the relative position accuracy between the holding mechanism 16 and the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece W. can.
  • the first grindstone 11 and the first grindstone 11 are moved by the drive mechanism 21 to move the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 along the swing shaft Ax3. Positioning of the second grindstone 13, the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 can be performed with higher accuracy and reproducibility. Therefore, it is possible to improve the measurement accuracy of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13, the relative position accuracy between the holding mechanism 16 and the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece W. can.
  • the curve generator 1A includes a first grindstone 11, a second grindstone 13, a holding mechanism 16, measuring mechanisms 17, 18 and a partition plate 19.
  • the curve generator 1A has the same configuration as the curve generator 1 except that the measuring mechanism 18 and the partition plate 19 are further provided.
  • the curve generator 1A includes a drive mechanism 21, a control device 22, and a display device 23, similarly to the curve generator 1.
  • the curve generator 1A is provided with two measuring mechanisms 17 and 18 corresponding to two grindstones (first grindstone 11 and second grindstone 13).
  • the measuring mechanism 17 is for measuring the shape of the second grindstone 13.
  • the measuring mechanism 18 is for measuring the shape of the first grindstone 11.
  • the partition plate 19 is for preventing the grinding fluid from adhering to the measuring mechanisms 17 and 18 when the workpiece W is ground by the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13.
  • the shape of the second grindstone 13 is measured by the measuring mechanism 17 while grinding (coarse grinding) the workpiece W by the first grindstone 11. Then, when the rough grinding and the measurement of the second grindstone 13 are completed, as shown in FIG. 5, the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanisms 17 and 18 are moved in the X direction (direction of the swing axis Ax3 (see FIG. 2)). Let me. Subsequently, the shape of the first grindstone 11 is measured by the measuring mechanism 18 while grinding (finely grinding) the workpiece W by the second grindstone 13.
  • the measurement mechanism of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 By independently providing 17 and 18 and driving the workpiece W and the measuring mechanisms 17 and 18 in a reciprocating motion, the workpiece W is processed and the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 are driven. It is possible to further improve the mechanical accuracy at the time of measurement.
  • the curve generator 1A and the grinding method according to the second embodiment are provided with dedicated measuring mechanisms 17 and 18 for each of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13, they can be calibrated individually. The measurement accuracy of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 can be improved. Further, since it is possible to measure the shape of one of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 while grinding the other, rough grinding and fine grinding are performed with high accuracy and continuously. be able to.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Abstract

This curve generator comprises two cup-type grindstones having different roughness, a retaining mechanism for retaining a workpiece to be processed by the grindstones, a measurement mechanism for measuring the shape of the grindstones at the location where the grindstones contact the workpiece, and a drive mechanism for causing the retaining mechanism and the measurement mechanism to move to a position facing either of the two grindstones.

Description

カーブジェネレータおよび研削方法Curve generator and grinding method
　本発明は、カーブジェネレータおよび研削方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a curve generator and a grinding method.
　カップ型の砥石によって被加工物（例えばレンズ等の光学素子）の球面加工を行う場合、砥石の先端が摩耗すると所望の形状を得られなくなる。そこで、特許文献１では、予め砥石の形状データを計測し、その計測データを研削装置に反映することにより、高精度な加工を行う技術が提案されている。また、特許文献２では、砥石形状センサによって、砥石の形状をインラインで計測し、その計測データに基づいて加工条件を制御することにより、高精度な加工を行う技術が提案されている。 When spherical processing of a work piece (for example, an optical element such as a lens) is performed with a cup-shaped grindstone, if the tip of the grindstone wears, the desired shape cannot be obtained. Therefore, Patent Document 1 proposes a technique for performing high-precision machining by measuring the shape data of a grindstone in advance and reflecting the measured data in a grinding apparatus. Further, Patent Document 2 proposes a technique for performing high-precision machining by measuring the shape of a grindstone in-line with a grindstone shape sensor and controlling machining conditions based on the measurement data.
特開２０１９－１３９９８号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-13998 特開平８－１９９４８号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-19948
　特許文献１で提案された技術では、砥石の形状データの計測と、砥石による研削とを別々の装置によって行う。そのため、形状データを計測した砥石を研削装置に付け替える必要があり、砥石の付け替えによる研削位置の誤差が発生するおそれがあった。 In the technique proposed in Patent Document 1, the measurement of the shape data of the grindstone and the grinding by the grindstone are performed by separate devices. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the grindstone for which the shape data has been measured with the grinding device, and there is a possibility that an error in the grinding position may occur due to the replacement of the grindstone.
　また、特許文献２で提案された技術では、例えばカップ型の砥石で研削する場合は、加工面（砥石が被加工物に接触する部位）が露出しないため、研削中に形状データを測定することができない。従って、特許文献２で提案された技術では、カップ型の砥石を用いた場合、その形状データに基づいて加工条件を制御することができず、高精度な加工を行うことができないという問題がある。 Further, in the technique proposed in Patent Document 2, for example, when grinding with a cup-shaped grindstone, the machined surface (the part where the grindstone comes into contact with the workpiece) is not exposed, so that the shape data is measured during grinding. I can't. Therefore, in the technique proposed in Patent Document 2, when a cup-shaped grindstone is used, there is a problem that the machining conditions cannot be controlled based on the shape data and high-precision machining cannot be performed. ..
　本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであって、カップ型の砥石を用いた加工において、高精度な加工を安定して行うことができるカーブジェネレータおよび研削方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a curve generator and a grinding method capable of stably performing high-precision machining in machining using a cup-shaped grindstone. ..
　上述した課題を解決し、目的を達成するために、本発明に係るカーブジェネレータは、粗さの異なる二つのカップ型の砥石と、前記砥石によって加工する被加工物を保持する保持機構と、前記砥石が前記被加工物に接触する部位の、前記砥石の形状を計測する計測機構と、前記保持機構および前記計測機構を、前記二つの砥石のいずれかと対向する位置に移動させる駆動機構と、を備える。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, the curve generator according to the present invention includes two cup-shaped grindstones having different roughness, a holding mechanism for holding a workpiece to be machined by the grindstone, and the above-mentioned. A measuring mechanism for measuring the shape of the grindstone at a portion where the grindstone comes into contact with the workpiece, and a driving mechanism for moving the holding mechanism and the measuring mechanism to a position facing either of the two grindstones. Be prepared.
　また、本発明に係るカーブジェネレータは、上記発明において、前記二つの砥石の回転軸が、第一の平面上に配置されており、前記二つの砥石のうちの一方の回転軸が、前記第一の平面とは異なる第二の平面上を揺動可能であり、前記二つの砥石のうちの他方の回転軸が、前記第一の平面とは異なり、かつ前記第二の平面と平行な第三の平面上を揺動可能であり、前記保持機構の回転軸が、前記第二の平面および前記第三の平面のいずれかの位置に位置決め可能である。 Further, in the curve generator according to the present invention, in the above invention, the rotation axes of the two grindstones are arranged on the first plane, and the rotation axis of one of the two grindstones is the first. It is possible to swing on a second plane different from the first plane, and the axis of rotation of the other of the two grindstones is different from the first plane and parallel to the second plane. The rotation axis of the holding mechanism can be positioned at any of the second plane and the third plane.
　また、本発明に係るカーブジェネレータは、上記発明において、前記駆動機構が、前記二つの砥石の回転軸の揺動軸に沿って、前記保持機構および前記計測機構を移動させる。 Further, in the curve generator according to the present invention, in the above invention, the drive mechanism moves the holding mechanism and the measuring mechanism along the swing axis of the rotation shafts of the two grindstones.
　また、本発明に係るカーブジェネレータは、上記発明において、前記計測機構が、前記二つの砥石に対応して二つ設けられている。 Further, in the curve generator according to the present invention, in the above invention, the two measuring mechanisms are provided corresponding to the two grindstones.
　上述した課題を解決し、目的を達成するために、本発明に係るカーブジェネレータは、粗さの異なる二つのカップ型の砥石と、前記砥石によって加工する被加工物を保持する保持機構と、前記砥石が前記被加工物に接触する部位の、前記砥石の形状を計測する計測機構と、前記保持機構および前記計測機構を、前記二つの砥石のいずれかと対向する位置に移動させる駆動機構と、前記砥石、前記保持機構、前記計測機構および前記駆動機構を制御する制御装置と、所定の情報を表示する表示装置と、を備え、前記制御装置が、前記計測機構によって計測した前記砥石の形状データから前記砥石の劣化状態を判定し、前記被加工物の加工可否を前記表示装置に表示し、前記被加工物を加工可能である場合、前記砥石の形状データから加工条件を生成し、生成した加工条件に従って、前記砥石および前記保持機構を動作させることにより、前記被加工物を加工する。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, the curve generator according to the present invention includes two cup-shaped grindstones having different roughness, a holding mechanism for holding a workpiece to be machined by the grindstone, and the above-mentioned. A measuring mechanism for measuring the shape of the grindstone at a portion where the grindstone comes into contact with the workpiece, a driving mechanism for moving the holding mechanism and the measuring mechanism to a position facing either of the two grindstones, and the above. A control device for controlling the grindstone, the holding mechanism, the measuring mechanism and the driving mechanism, and a display device for displaying predetermined information are provided, and the control device is based on the shape data of the grindstone measured by the measuring mechanism. When the deterioration state of the grindstone is determined, the processability of the workpiece is displayed on the display device, and the workpiece can be machined, the machining conditions are generated from the shape data of the grindstone and the generated machining is performed. The work piece is processed by operating the grindstone and the holding mechanism according to the conditions.
　上述した課題を解決し、目的を達成するために、本発明に係る研削方法は、計測機構によって第一の砥石の形状を計測し、前記計測機構によって計測した前記第一の砥石の形状データから加工条件を生成し、生成した加工条件に従って、前記第一の砥石によって被加工物を研削し、前記計測機構によって、前記第一の砥石とは粗さの異なる第二の砥石の形状を計測し、前記計測機構によって計測した前記第二の砥石の形状データから加工条件を生成し、生成した加工条件に従って、前記第二の砥石によって前記被加工物を研削する。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, the grinding method according to the present invention measures the shape of the first grindstone by a measuring mechanism and uses the shape data of the first grindstone measured by the measuring mechanism. A machining condition is generated, the workpiece is ground by the first grindstone according to the generated machining condition, and the shape of the second grindstone having a roughness different from that of the first grindstone is measured by the measurement mechanism. , Machining conditions are generated from the shape data of the second grindstone measured by the measuring mechanism, and the workpiece is ground by the second grindstone according to the generated machining conditions.
　本発明に係るカーブジェネレータおよび研削方法では、粗さの異なる砥石が予め装置に取り付けられ、砥石の付け替えが不要となるため、砥石の取り付け時における研削位置の誤差を抑制することができ、被加工物を安定して加工することができる。また、本発明に係るカーブジェネレータおよび研削方法では、計測機構および被加工物が、複数のカップ型の砥石と対向する位置まで移動可能であるため、加工前の砥石の複雑な曲面形状を正確に計測することができる。そして、その計測結果に基づいて、例えば砥石の位置、揺動、回転速度等の加工条件の制御を行うことができるため、高精度な加工を安定して行うことができる。 In the curve generator and the grinding method according to the present invention, grindstones having different roughness are attached to the apparatus in advance, and it is not necessary to replace the grindstone. It is possible to process objects in a stable manner. Further, in the curve generator and the grinding method according to the present invention, the measuring mechanism and the workpiece can be moved to a position facing a plurality of cup-shaped grindstones, so that the complicated curved surface shape of the grindstone before machining can be accurately performed. It can be measured. Then, based on the measurement result, it is possible to control the machining conditions such as the position, rocking, and rotation speed of the grindstone, so that high-precision machining can be stably performed.
図１は、本発明の実施の形態１に係るカーブジェネレータの構成の一例を示す概略図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of the configuration of a curve generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図２は、本発明の実施の形態１に係るカーブジェネレータにおいて、砥石の揺動軸および第二の平面を説明するための図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a swing axis and a second plane of the grindstone in the curve generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図３は、図１のカーブジェネレータにおいて、保持機構と計測機構の位置を入れ替えた様子を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state in which the positions of the holding mechanism and the measuring mechanism are exchanged in the curve generator of FIG. 図４は、本発明の実施の形態２に係るカーブジェネレータの構成の一例を示す概略図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of the configuration of the curve generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 図５は、本発明の実施の形態２に係るカーブジェネレータにおいて、第二の砥石によって被加工物を加工し、かつ第二の計測機構によって第一の砥石の形状を計測する様子を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing how the curve generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention processes the workpiece with the second grindstone and measures the shape of the first grindstone with the second measuring mechanism. be.
　以下、本発明に係るカーブジェネレータおよび研削方法の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、本発明は以下の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、以下の実施の形態における構成要素には、当業者が置換可能かつ容易なもの、あるいは実質的に同一のものも含まれる。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the curve generator and the grinding method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the components in the following embodiments include those that can be easily replaced by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.
（実施形態１）
　本発明の実施の形態１に係るカーブジェネレータの構成について、図１～図３を参照しながら説明する。本実施の形態に係るカーブジェネレータは、粗さの異なる二つのカップ型の砥石を用いて、被加工物の加工を行うためのものである。カーブジェネレータでは、砥石および被加工物をそれぞれ回転させ、かつ砥石および被加工物を相対的に移動および揺動させることにより、被加工物の曲面（球面または非球面）加工を行う。 (Embodiment 1)
The configuration of the curve generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. The curve generator according to the present embodiment is for processing a workpiece using two cup-shaped grindstones having different roughness. In the curve generator, the curved surface (spherical surface or aspherical surface) of the workpiece is machined by rotating the grindstone and the workpiece, respectively, and relatively moving and rocking the grindstone and the workpiece.
　なお、図１では、本発明の説明に必要な構成のみを図示し、その他の構成（例えば加工時に被加工物にエアを噴射するエアブローノズル、加工時に被加工物に研削液を噴射する研削液ノズル等）は図示を省略している。また、図２および図３では、図１の駆動機構２１、制御装置２２および表示装置２３等の図示は省略している。 Note that FIG. 1 illustrates only the configurations necessary for the description of the present invention, and other configurations (for example, an air blow nozzle that injects air into the workpiece during machining, and a grinding fluid that injects grinding fluid into the workpiece during machining). Nozzles, etc.) are not shown. Further, in FIGS. 2 and 3, the drive mechanism 21, the control device 22, the display device 23, and the like in FIG. 1 are not shown.
　カーブジェネレータ１は、図１に示すように、第一の砥石１１と、第二の砥石１３と、保持機構１６と、計測機構１７と、駆動機構２１と、制御装置２２と、表示装置２３と、を備えている。カーブジェネレータ１は、同図に示すように、被加工物Ｗを加工する機構（第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３）と、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の形状を計測する計測機構１７とが、同一の装置内に配置されている。また、カーブジェネレータ１は、二つの砥石（第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３）を備えているが、三つ以上の砥石を備えていてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 1, the curve generator 1 includes a first grindstone 11, a second grindstone 13, a holding mechanism 16, a measuring mechanism 17, a driving mechanism 21, a control device 22, and a display device 23. , Is equipped. As shown in the figure, the curve generator 1 measures the mechanism for processing the workpiece W (first grindstone 11 and second grindstone 13) and the shapes of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13. The measuring mechanism 17 is arranged in the same device. Further, although the curve generator 1 includes two grindstones (first grindstone 11 and second grindstone 13), three or more grindstones may be provided.
　ここで、図１では、第一の砥石１１の回転軸Ａｘ１および第二の砥石１３の回転軸Ａｘ２の方向をＺ方向とし、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の揺動軸Ａｘ３の方向をＸ方向とし、紙面と直行する方向をＹ方向とする。 Here, in FIG. 1, the direction of the rotation axis Ax1 of the first grindstone 11 and the rotation axis Ax2 of the second grindstone 13 is the Z direction, and the swing axis Ax3 of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 The direction is the X direction, and the direction perpendicular to the paper surface is the Y direction.
　第一の砥石１１は、被加工物Ｗを研削するためのものである。第一の砥石１１は、第二の砥石１３とは粗さの異なる、例えば粗研削用のカップ型砥石で構成されている。また、第一の砥石１１は、取付台１２に取り付けられている。この取付台１２は、一端側に第一の砥石１１を着脱可能に構成されている。また、取付台１２は、第一の砥石１１が取り付けられた状態で、第一の砥石１１の回転軸Ａｘ１を中心に回転可能に構成されている。また、取付台１２は、第二の砥石１３が取り付けられた取付台１４とともに、ベース１５に設置されている。 The first grindstone 11 is for grinding the workpiece W. The first grindstone 11 is composed of, for example, a cup-shaped grindstone for rough grinding, which has a different roughness from the second grindstone 13. Further, the first grindstone 11 is attached to the mounting base 12. The mounting base 12 is configured so that the first grindstone 11 can be attached to and detached from one end side. Further, the mounting base 12 is configured to be rotatable around the rotation axis Ax1 of the first grindstone 11 with the first grindstone 11 attached. Further, the mounting base 12 is installed on the base 15 together with the mounting base 14 to which the second grindstone 13 is mounted.
　第二の砥石１３は、被加工物Ｗを研削するためのものである。第二の砥石１３は、第一の砥石１１とは粗さの異なる、例えば精研削用のカップ型砥石で構成されている。また、第二の砥石１３は、取付台１４に取り付けられている。この取付台１４は、一端側に第二の砥石１３を着脱可能に構成されている。また、取付台１４は、第二の砥石１３が取り付けられた状態で、第二の砥石１３の回転軸Ａｘ２を中心に回転可能に構成されている。また、取付台１４は、第一の砥石１１が取り付けられた取付台１２とともに、ベース１５に設置されている。 The second grindstone 13 is for grinding the workpiece W. The second grindstone 13 is composed of, for example, a cup-shaped grindstone for fine grinding, which has a different roughness from the first grindstone 11. Further, the second grindstone 13 is attached to the mounting base 14. The mounting base 14 is configured so that a second grindstone 13 can be attached to and detached from one end side. Further, the mounting base 14 is configured to be rotatable around the rotation axis Ax2 of the second grindstone 13 with the second grindstone 13 attached. Further, the mounting base 14 is installed on the base 15 together with the mounting base 12 to which the first grindstone 11 is mounted.
　ここで、第一の砥石１１の回転軸Ａｘ１および第二の砥石１３の回転軸Ａｘ２は、図１に示すように、第一の平面Ｐｌ１上に配置されている。この第一の平面Ｐｌ１は、同図におけるＸＺ平面に平行な面である。 Here, the rotation axis Ax1 of the first grindstone 11 and the rotation axis Ax2 of the second grindstone 13 are arranged on the first plane Pl1 as shown in FIG. This first plane Pl1 is a plane parallel to the XZ plane in the figure.
　また、第一の砥石１１の回転軸Ａｘ１は、図２に示すように、第一の平面Ｐｌ１とは異なる第二の平面Ｐｌ２上を揺動可能に構成されている。この第二の平面Ｐｌ２は、例えば第一の平面Ｐｌ１に対して直交する面であり、かつ同図におけるＹＺ平面に平行な面である。第一の砥石１１は、具体的には揺動軸Ａｘ３を中心に、第二の砥石１３とともに、ベース１５ごと揺動する。 Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the rotation axis Ax1 of the first grindstone 11 is configured to be swingable on a second plane Pl2 different from the first plane Pl1. The second plane Pl2 is, for example, a plane orthogonal to the first plane Pl1 and parallel to the YZ plane in the figure. Specifically, the first grindstone 11 swings around the swing shaft Ax3 together with the second grindstone 13 together with the base 15.
　また、図示は省略したが、第二の砥石１３の回転軸Ａｘ２は、第一の平面Ｐｌ１とは異なる第三の平面を揺動可能に構成されている。この第三の平面は、例えば第一の平面Ｐｌ１に対して直交する面であり、かつ図２におけるＹＺ平面に平行な面である。また、第三の平面は、同図に示した第二の平面Ｐｌ２と平行な面であり、当該第二の平面Ｐｌ２のＸ方向における奥側に配置される。第二の砥石１３は、具体的には揺動軸Ａｘ３を中心に、第一の砥石１１とともに、ベース１５ごと揺動する。 Although not shown, the rotation axis Ax2 of the second grindstone 13 is configured to be swingable on a third plane different from the first plane Pl1. This third plane is, for example, a plane orthogonal to the first plane Pl1 and a plane parallel to the YZ plane in FIG. Further, the third plane is a plane parallel to the second plane Pl2 shown in the figure, and is arranged on the back side of the second plane Pl2 in the X direction. Specifically, the second grindstone 13 swings around the swing shaft Ax3 together with the first grindstone 11 together with the base 15.
　保持機構１６は、被加工物Ｗを保持するためのものである。保持機構１６は、図１のＸ方向およびＺ方向に移動可能に構成されている。すなわち、保持機構１６は、一端側に被加工物Ｗが取り付けられた状態で、第一の砥石１１が揺動する第二の平面Ｐｌ２（図２参照）および第二の砥石１３が揺動する第三の平面のいずれかの位置に位置決め可能に構成されている。また、保持機構１６は、一端側に被加工物Ｗが取り付けられた状態で、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３のいずれかと対向する位置に移動可能に構成されている。また、保持機構１６は、一端側に被加工物Ｗが取り付けられた状態で、回転可能に構成されている。 The holding mechanism 16 is for holding the workpiece W. The holding mechanism 16 is configured to be movable in the X direction and the Z direction of FIG. That is, in the holding mechanism 16, the second flat surface Pl2 (see FIG. 2) in which the first grindstone 11 swings and the second grindstone 13 swing in a state where the workpiece W is attached to one end side. It is configured so that it can be positioned at any position on the third plane. Further, the holding mechanism 16 is configured to be movable to a position facing either the first grindstone 11 or the second grindstone 13 with the workpiece W attached to one end side. Further, the holding mechanism 16 is configured to be rotatable with the workpiece W attached to one end side.
　計測機構１７は、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の形状を計測するためのものである。計測機構１７は、具体的には、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３が被加工物Ｗに接触する部位の、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の形状を計測する。計測機構１７としては、接触式(メカ式）センサ、非接触の光学式センサ、静電容量式センサ等を用いることができるが、三次元測定が可能な光学式センサを用いることが好ましい。光学式センサでは、砥石を回転させて所定の角度における断面を測定する代わりに、全範囲を計測することができるため、砥石の欠けや傷等の局所的な不具合の発生も検知することが可能である。 The measuring mechanism 17 is for measuring the shapes of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13. Specifically, the measuring mechanism 17 measures the shapes of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 at the portion where the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 come into contact with the workpiece W. As the measuring mechanism 17, a contact type (mechanical) sensor, a non-contact optical sensor, a capacitance type sensor, or the like can be used, but it is preferable to use an optical sensor capable of three-dimensional measurement. The optical sensor can measure the entire range instead of rotating the grindstone to measure the cross section at a predetermined angle, so it is possible to detect the occurrence of local defects such as chipping and scratches on the grindstone. Is.
　駆動機構２１は、保持機構１６および計測機構１７を駆動するためのものである。駆動機構２１は、具体的には、保持機構１６および計測機構１７を、図１のＸ方向およびＺ方向に移動させる。すなわち、駆動機構２１は、第一の砥石１１によって被加工物Ｗを研削する際に、保持機構１６を、揺動軸Ａｘ３に沿って第二の平面Ｐｌ２（図２参照）の位置に移動させた後、第一の砥石１１と対向する位置に移動させる。また、駆動機構２１は、第二の砥石１３によって被加工物Ｗを研削する際に、保持機構１６を、揺動軸Ａｘ３に沿って第三の平面の位置に移動させた後、第二の砥石１３と対向する位置に移動させる。 The drive mechanism 21 is for driving the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17. Specifically, the drive mechanism 21 moves the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 in the X direction and the Z direction of FIG. That is, when the workpiece W is ground by the first grindstone 11, the drive mechanism 21 moves the holding mechanism 16 to the position of the second plane Pl2 (see FIG. 2) along the swing axis Ax3. After that, it is moved to a position facing the first grindstone 11. Further, when the workpiece W is ground by the second grindstone 13, the drive mechanism 21 moves the holding mechanism 16 to the position of the third plane along the swing axis Ax3, and then the second one. Move it to a position facing the grindstone 13.
　また、駆動機構２１は、第一の砥石１１による粗研削の後に、保持機構１６と計測機構１７の位置を入れ替えて、第二の砥石１３による精研削を行う。すなわち、駆動機構２１は、図１に示すように、第一の砥石１１によって被加工物Ｗの粗研削が行われた後、図３に示すように、保持機構１６と計測機構１７の位置を入れ替える。これにより、第二の砥石１３による被加工物Ｗの精研削が実施される。 Further, after the rough grinding by the first grindstone 11, the drive mechanism 21 swaps the positions of the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 to perform fine grinding by the second grindstone 13. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the drive mechanism 21 performs rough grinding of the workpiece W by the first grindstone 11, and then, as shown in FIG. 3, positions the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17. Replace. As a result, the work piece W is finely ground by the second grindstone 13.
　制御装置２２は、第一の砥石１１、第二の砥石１３、保持機構１６、計測機構１７および駆動機構２１の動作を制御するためのものである。制御装置２２は、具体的には、計測機構１７によって計測した第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の形状データから、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の劣化状態を判定する。そして、制御装置２２は、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３によって被加工物Ｗを加工できるか否かに関する加工可否に関する情報を、表示装置２３に表示する。 The control device 22 is for controlling the operation of the first grindstone 11, the second grindstone 13, the holding mechanism 16, the measuring mechanism 17, and the driving mechanism 21. Specifically, the control device 22 determines the deterioration state of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 from the shape data of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 measured by the measuring mechanism 17. Then, the control device 22 displays on the display device 23 information regarding whether or not the workpiece W can be machined by the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13.
　また、制御装置２２は、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３によって被加工物Ｗを加工可能であると判定した場合、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の形状データから加工条件を生成する。制御装置２２は、具体的には、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の形状データと、予め用意された被加工物Ｗの目標加工形状データとをもとに、被加工物Ｗに対する第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の接触点の座標を算出する。続いて、制御装置２２は、算出した接触点の座標をもとに、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の位置、揺動、回転速度等の加工条件を生成する。そして、制御装置２２は、生成した加工条件に従って、第一の砥石１１、第二の砥石１３および保持機構１６を動作させることにより、被加工物Ｗを加工する。 Further, when the control device 22 determines that the workpiece W can be machined by the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13, the machining conditions are obtained from the shape data of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13. To generate. Specifically, the control device 22 with respect to the workpiece W based on the shape data of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 and the target machining shape data of the workpiece W prepared in advance. The coordinates of the contact points of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 are calculated. Subsequently, the control device 22 generates machining conditions such as the positions, swings, and rotation speeds of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 based on the calculated coordinates of the contact points. Then, the control device 22 processes the workpiece W by operating the first grindstone 11, the second grindstone 13, and the holding mechanism 16 according to the generated machining conditions.
　表示装置２３は、被加工物Ｗの加工に関する所定の情報を表示するためのものである。表示装置２３は、例えば計測機構１７によって計測された第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の形状データや、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３による被加工物Ｗの加工可否に関する情報等を、表示する。 The display device 23 is for displaying predetermined information regarding the processing of the workpiece W. The display device 23 has, for example, information on the shape data of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 measured by the measuring mechanism 17 and whether or not the workpiece W can be processed by the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13. Etc. are displayed.
　以上のような構成を備えるカーブジェネレータ１では、第一の計測ステップ、第一の判定ステップ、第一の加工条件生成ステップ、第一の加工ステップ、第二の計測ステップ、第二の判定ステップ、第二の加工条件生成ステップおよび第二の加工ステップからなる研削方法が実施される。 In the curve generator 1 having the above configuration, the first measurement step, the first determination step, the first machining condition generation step, the first machining step, the second measurement step, the second determination step, A grinding method including a second machining condition generation step and a second machining step is carried out.
　第一の計測ステップでは、計測機構１７によって、第一の砥石１１の形状を計測する。続いて、第一の判定ステップでは、第一の砥石１１の形状データから、第一の砥石１１の劣化状態および加工可否を判定する。第一の判定ステップにおいて、第一の砥石１１による加工が可能であると判定された場合、第一の加工条件生成ステップに進み、第一の砥石１１の形状データから加工条件を生成する。続いて、第一の加工ステップでは、生成した加工条件に従って、第一の砥石１１によって被加工物Ｗを研削する。 In the first measurement step, the shape of the first grindstone 11 is measured by the measurement mechanism 17. Subsequently, in the first determination step, the deterioration state and the processability of the first grindstone 11 are determined from the shape data of the first grindstone 11. If it is determined in the first determination step that machining with the first grindstone 11 is possible, the process proceeds to the first machining condition generation step, and machining conditions are generated from the shape data of the first grindstone 11. Subsequently, in the first machining step, the workpiece W is ground by the first grindstone 11 according to the generated machining conditions.
　第二の計測ステップでは、駆動機構２１によって保持機構１６および計測機構１７の位置を入れ替えた後、計測機構１７によって、第二の砥石１３の形状を計測する。続いて、第二の判定ステップでは、第二の砥石１３の形状データから、第二の砥石１３の劣化状態および加工可否を判定する。第二の判定ステップにおいて、第二の砥石１３による加工が可能であると判定された場合、第二の加工条件生成ステップに進み、第二の砥石１３の形状データから加工条件を生成する。続いて、第二の加工ステップでは、生成した加工条件に従って、第二の砥石１３によって被加工物Ｗを研削する。このように、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３を脱着させるステップを行わずに研削を行うことにより、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の摩耗にかかわらず高精度な研削を実現できる。また、砥石交換時期も把握することができるため、加工不良を抑制することができる。 In the second measurement step, the positions of the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 are exchanged by the driving mechanism 21, and then the shape of the second grindstone 13 is measured by the measuring mechanism 17. Subsequently, in the second determination step, the deterioration state and processability of the second grindstone 13 are determined from the shape data of the second grindstone 13. If it is determined in the second determination step that machining with the second grindstone 13 is possible, the process proceeds to the second machining condition generation step, and machining conditions are generated from the shape data of the second grindstone 13. Subsequently, in the second machining step, the workpiece W is ground by the second grindstone 13 according to the generated machining conditions. In this way, by performing grinding without performing the step of attaching and detaching the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13, high-precision grinding can be performed regardless of the wear of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13. realizable. In addition, since the grindstone replacement time can be grasped, processing defects can be suppressed.
　以上説明したような本実施の形態１に係るカーブジェネレータ１および当該カーブジェネレータ１を用いた研削方法では、粗さの異なる第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３が予め装置に取り付けられ、砥石の付け替えが不要となるため、砥石の取り付け時における研削位置の誤差を抑制することができ、被加工物Ｗを安定して加工することができる。 In the curve generator 1 and the grinding method using the curve generator 1 according to the first embodiment as described above, the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 having different roughness are attached to the apparatus in advance, and the grindstone Since it is not necessary to replace the grindstone, it is possible to suppress an error in the grinding position when the grindstone is attached, and it is possible to stably process the workpiece W.
　また、本実施の形態１に係るカーブジェネレータ１および研削方法では、計測機構１７および被加工物Ｗが、カップ型の第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３と対向する位置まで移動可能であるため、加工前の第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の複雑な曲面形状を正確に計測することができる。そして、その計測結果に基づいて、例えば第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の位置、揺動、回転速度等の加工条件の制御を行うことができるため、高精度な加工を安定して行うことができる。 Further, in the curve generator 1 and the grinding method according to the first embodiment, the measuring mechanism 17 and the workpiece W can be moved to positions facing the cup-shaped first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13. Therefore, it is possible to accurately measure the complicated curved surface shapes of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 before machining. Then, based on the measurement result, for example, the machining conditions such as the position, swing, and rotation speed of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 can be controlled, so that high-precision machining can be stably performed. It can be carried out.
　また、本実施の形態１に係るカーブジェネレータ１および研削方法では、例えば第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の摩耗の絶対量の推移についても、計測機構１７による繰り返しの計測によって把握することができるため、加工中における第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の摩耗変化を予測することができ、より適切な加工条件を生成・制御して高精度な加工を実現することができる。 Further, in the curve generator 1 and the grinding method according to the first embodiment, for example, the transition of the absolute amount of wear of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 is also grasped by repeated measurement by the measuring mechanism 17. Therefore, it is possible to predict the wear change of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 during machining, and it is possible to generate and control more appropriate machining conditions to realize high-precision machining.
　また、本実施の形態１に係るカーブジェネレータ１および研削方法では、被加工物Ｗが微小（例えばφ２ｍｍ以下）である場合においても、高精度に加工を安定的に行うことができるため、タクトタイムを短縮することができ、かつコストダウンを図ることができる。 Further, in the curve generator 1 and the grinding method according to the first embodiment, even when the workpiece W is minute (for example, φ2 mm or less), the machining can be stably performed with high accuracy, so that the tact time Can be shortened and the cost can be reduced.
　また、本実施の形態１に係るカーブジェネレータ１および研削方法では、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３を搭載したまま、これらの先端形状を計測することができるため、計測後の形状データをもとに、被加工物Ｗを精度よく研削することができる。特に、被加工物Ｗの回転軸、第一の砥石１１の回転軸Ａｘ１、第二の砥石１３の回転軸Ａｘ２および計測機構１７の傾きを厳密に合わせることができるため、例えば計測機構１７による計測中に被加工物Ｗの付け外し等も行うことができる。 Further, in the curve generator 1 and the grinding method according to the first embodiment, since the tip shapes of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 can be measured while they are mounted, the shape data after the measurement can be measured. The workpiece W can be accurately ground based on the above. In particular, since the rotation axis of the workpiece W, the rotation axis Ax1 of the first grindstone 11, the rotation axis Ax2 of the second grindstone 13, and the inclination of the measurement mechanism 17 can be precisely matched, for example, measurement by the measurement mechanism 17. It is also possible to attach / detach the workpiece W inside.
　また、本実施の形態１に係るカーブジェネレータ１および研削方法では、第一の砥石１１の回転軸Ａｘ１および第二の砥石１３の回転軸Ａｘ２が整列され、保持機構１６の回転軸と同一の平面（第二の平面Ｐｌ２または第三の平面）上に配置されるため、保持機構１６および計測機構１７の位置制御が容易となる。その結果、第一の砥石１１、第二の砥石１３、保持機構１６および計測機構１７の位置決めを、より高精度かつ再現性よく行うことができる。従って、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の計測精度、保持機構１６と第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３との相対位置精度、被加工物Ｗの加工精度を向上させることができる。 Further, in the curve generator 1 and the grinding method according to the first embodiment, the rotation axis Ax1 of the first grindstone 11 and the rotation axis Ax2 of the second grindstone 13 are aligned and have the same flat surface as the rotation axis of the holding mechanism 16. Since it is arranged on (the second plane Pl2 or the third plane), the position control of the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 becomes easy. As a result, the positioning of the first grindstone 11, the second grindstone 13, the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 can be performed with higher accuracy and reproducibility. Therefore, it is possible to improve the measurement accuracy of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13, the relative position accuracy between the holding mechanism 16 and the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece W. can.
　また、本実施の形態１に係るカーブジェネレータ１および研削方法では、駆動機構２１によって、揺動軸Ａｘ３に沿って、保持機構１６および計測機構１７を移動させることにより、第一の砥石１１、第二の砥石１３、保持機構１６および計測機構１７の位置決めを、より高精度かつ再現性よく行うことができる。従って、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の計測精度、保持機構１６と第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３との相対位置精度、被加工物Ｗの加工精度を向上させることができる。 Further, in the curve generator 1 and the grinding method according to the first embodiment, the first grindstone 11 and the first grindstone 11 are moved by the drive mechanism 21 to move the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 along the swing shaft Ax3. Positioning of the second grindstone 13, the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanism 17 can be performed with higher accuracy and reproducibility. Therefore, it is possible to improve the measurement accuracy of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13, the relative position accuracy between the holding mechanism 16 and the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece W. can.
（実施形態２）
　本発明の実施の形態２に係るカーブジェネレータの構成について、図４および図５を参照しながら説明する。なお、以下では、実施の形態１と同様の構成については説明を省略する。 (Embodiment 2)
The configuration of the curve generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. In the following, the description of the same configuration as that of the first embodiment will be omitted.
　カーブジェネレータ１Ａは、図４に示すように、第一の砥石１１と、第二の砥石１３と、保持機構１６と、計測機構１７，１８と、仕切り板１９と、を備えている。カーブジェネレータ１Ａは、計測機構１８および仕切り板１９を更に備える点を除いて、カーブジェネレータ１と同様の構成を備えている。なお、図４および図５では図示を省略したが、カーブジェネレータ１Ａは、カーブジェネレータ１と同様に、駆動機構２１、制御装置２２および表示装置２３を備えている。 As shown in FIG. 4, the curve generator 1A includes a first grindstone 11, a second grindstone 13, a holding mechanism 16, measuring mechanisms 17, 18 and a partition plate 19. The curve generator 1A has the same configuration as the curve generator 1 except that the measuring mechanism 18 and the partition plate 19 are further provided. Although not shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the curve generator 1A includes a drive mechanism 21, a control device 22, and a display device 23, similarly to the curve generator 1.
　カーブジェネレータ１Ａは、二つの砥石（第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３）に対応して、二つの計測機構１７，１８を備えている。計測機構１７は、第二の砥石１３の形状を計測するためのものである。また、計測機構１８は、第一の砥石１１の形状を計測するためのものである。仕切り板１９は、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３によって被加工物Ｗを研削する際に、計測機構１７，１８に研削液が付着することを防ぐためのものである。 The curve generator 1A is provided with two measuring mechanisms 17 and 18 corresponding to two grindstones (first grindstone 11 and second grindstone 13). The measuring mechanism 17 is for measuring the shape of the second grindstone 13. Further, the measuring mechanism 18 is for measuring the shape of the first grindstone 11. The partition plate 19 is for preventing the grinding fluid from adhering to the measuring mechanisms 17 and 18 when the workpiece W is ground by the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13.
　カーブジェネレータ１Ａでは、例えば図４に示すように、第一の砥石１１によって被加工物Ｗを研削（粗研削）しつつ、計測機構１７によって第二の砥石１３の形状を計測する。そして、粗研削および第二の砥石１３の計測が終了すると、図５に示すように、保持機構１６、計測機構１７，１８をＸ方向（揺動軸Ａｘ３（図２参照）の方向）に移動させる。続いて、第二の砥石１３によって被加工物Ｗを研削（精研削）しつつ、計測機構１８によって第一の砥石１１の形状を計測する。 In the curve generator 1A, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the shape of the second grindstone 13 is measured by the measuring mechanism 17 while grinding (coarse grinding) the workpiece W by the first grindstone 11. Then, when the rough grinding and the measurement of the second grindstone 13 are completed, as shown in FIG. 5, the holding mechanism 16 and the measuring mechanisms 17 and 18 are moved in the X direction (direction of the swing axis Ax3 (see FIG. 2)). Let me. Subsequently, the shape of the first grindstone 11 is measured by the measuring mechanism 18 while grinding (finely grinding) the workpiece W by the second grindstone 13.
　以上説明したような本実施の形態２に係るカーブジェネレータ１Ａおよび当該カーブジェネレータ１Ａを用いた研削方法では、カーブジェネレータ１の効果に加えて、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の計測機構１７，１８をそれぞれ独立して設け、被加工物Ｗおよび計測機構１７，１８を往復動作で駆動させることにより、被加工物Ｗの加工時と、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の計測時とにおける、機械的な精度をより向上させることができる。 In the curve generator 1A and the grinding method using the curve generator 1A according to the second embodiment as described above, in addition to the effect of the curve generator 1, the measurement mechanism of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 By independently providing 17 and 18 and driving the workpiece W and the measuring mechanisms 17 and 18 in a reciprocating motion, the workpiece W is processed and the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 are driven. It is possible to further improve the mechanical accuracy at the time of measurement.
　本実施の形態２に係るカーブジェネレータ１Ａおよび研削方法では、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３ごとに、専用の計測機構１７，１８を備えているため、個別に校正が可能であり、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の計測精度を向上させることができる。また、第一の砥石１１および第二の砥石１３の一方で研削をしている際に、他方の形状を計測することが可能であるため、粗研削および精研削を高精度かつ連続的に行うことができる。 Since the curve generator 1A and the grinding method according to the second embodiment are provided with dedicated measuring mechanisms 17 and 18 for each of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13, they can be calibrated individually. The measurement accuracy of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 can be improved. Further, since it is possible to measure the shape of one of the first grindstone 11 and the second grindstone 13 while grinding the other, rough grinding and fine grinding are performed with high accuracy and continuously. be able to.
　以上、本発明に係るカーブジェネレータおよび研削方法について、発明を実施するための形態により具体的に説明したが、本発明の趣旨はこれらの記載に限定されるものではなく、請求の範囲の記載に基づいて広く解釈されなければならない。また、これらの記載に基づいて種々変更、改変等したものも本発明の趣旨に含まれることはいうまでもない。 The curve generator and the grinding method according to the present invention have been specifically described above in terms of embodiments for carrying out the invention, but the gist of the present invention is not limited to these descriptions, and the claims are described. Must be broadly interpreted based on. Needless to say, various changes, modifications, etc. based on these descriptions are also included in the gist of the present invention.
　１，１Ａ　カーブジェネレータ
　１１　第一の砥石
　１２，１４　取付台
　１３　第二の砥石
　１５　ベース
　１６　保持機構
　１７，１８　計測機構
　１９　仕切り板
　２１　駆動機構
　２２　制御装置
　２３　表示装置
　Ａｘ１，Ａｘ２　回転軸
　Ａｘ３　揺動軸
　Ｐｌ１　第一の平面
　Ｐｌ２　第二の平面
　Ｗ　被加工物 1,1A Curve generator 11 First grindstone 12, 14 Mounting base 13 Second grindstone 15 Base 16 Holding mechanism 17, 18 Measuring mechanism 19 Partition plate 21 Drive mechanism 22 Control device 23 Display device Ax1, Ax2 Rotating shaft Ax3 Swing Axis Pl1 First plane Pl2 Second plane W Work piece

Claims (6)

  1. 　粗さの異なる二つのカップ型の砥石と、
    　前記砥石によって加工する被加工物を保持する保持機構と、
    　前記砥石が前記被加工物に接触する部位の、前記砥石の形状を計測する計測機構と、
    　前記保持機構および前記計測機構を、前記二つの砥石のいずれかと対向する位置に移動させる駆動機構と、
    　を備えるカーブジェネレータ。     Two cup-shaped whetstones with different roughness,
    A holding mechanism that holds the work piece to be machined with the grindstone,
    A measuring mechanism for measuring the shape of the grindstone at the portion where the grindstone comes into contact with the workpiece,
    A drive mechanism for moving the holding mechanism and the measuring mechanism to a position facing either of the two grindstones.
    Curve generator with.
  2. 　前記二つの砥石の回転軸は、第一の平面上に配置されており、
    　前記二つの砥石のうちの一方の回転軸は、前記第一の平面とは異なる第二の平面上を揺動可能であり、
    　前記二つの砥石のうちの他方の回転軸は、前記第一の平面とは異なり、かつ前記第二の平面と平行な第三の平面上を揺動可能であり、
    　前記保持機構の回転軸は、前記第二の平面および前記第三の平面のいずれかの位置に位置決め可能である、
    　請求項１に記載のカーブジェネレータ。     The rotation axes of the two grindstones are arranged on the first plane.
    The axis of rotation of one of the two grindstones can swing on a second plane different from the first plane.
    The axis of rotation of the other of the two grindstones is capable of swinging on a third plane that is different from the first plane and parallel to the second plane.
    The axis of rotation of the holding mechanism can be positioned at either the second plane or the third plane.
    The curve generator according to claim 1.
  3. 　前記駆動機構は、前記二つの砥石の回転軸の揺動軸に沿って、前記保持機構および前記計測機構を移動させる、
    　請求項２に記載のカーブジェネレータ。     The drive mechanism moves the holding mechanism and the measuring mechanism along the swing axis of the rotating shafts of the two grindstones.
    The curve generator according to claim 2.
  4. 　前記計測機構は、前記二つの砥石に対応して二つ設けられている、
    　請求項１から請求項３のいずれか一項に記載のカーブジェネレータ。     Two measuring mechanisms are provided corresponding to the two grindstones.
    The curve generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
  5. 　粗さの異なる二つのカップ型の砥石と、
    　前記砥石によって加工する被加工物を保持する保持機構と、
    　前記砥石が前記被加工物に接触する部位の、前記砥石の形状を計測する計測機構と、
    　前記保持機構および前記計測機構を、前記二つの砥石のいずれかと対向する位置に移動させる駆動機構と、
    　前記砥石、前記保持機構、前記計測機構および前記駆動機構を制御する制御装置と、
    　所定の情報を表示する表示装置と、
    　を備え、
    　前記制御装置は、
    　前記計測機構によって計測した前記砥石の形状データから前記砥石の劣化状態を判定し、前記被加工物の加工可否を前記表示装置に表示し、
    　前記被加工物を加工可能である場合、前記砥石の形状データから加工条件を生成し、
    　生成した加工条件に従って、前記砥石および前記保持機構を動作させることにより、前記被加工物を加工する、
    　カーブジェネレータ。     Two cup-shaped grindstones with different roughness,
    A holding mechanism that holds the work piece to be machined with the grindstone,
    A measuring mechanism for measuring the shape of the grindstone at the portion where the grindstone comes into contact with the workpiece,
    A drive mechanism for moving the holding mechanism and the measuring mechanism to a position facing either of the two grindstones.
    A control device that controls the grindstone, the holding mechanism, the measuring mechanism, and the driving mechanism.
    A display device that displays predetermined information and
    Equipped with
    The control device is
    The deterioration state of the grindstone is determined from the shape data of the grindstone measured by the measuring mechanism, and the processability of the workpiece is displayed on the display device.
    When the workpiece can be machined, the machining conditions are generated from the shape data of the grindstone.
    By operating the grindstone and the holding mechanism according to the generated machining conditions, the workpiece is machined.
    Curve generator.
  6. 　計測機構によって第一の砥石の形状を計測し、
    　前記計測機構によって計測した前記第一の砥石の形状データから加工条件を生成し、
    　生成した加工条件に従って、前記第一の砥石によって被加工物を研削し、
    　前記計測機構によって、前記第一の砥石とは粗さの異なる第二の砥石の形状を計測し、
    　前記計測機構によって計測した前記第二の砥石の形状データから加工条件を生成し、
    　生成した加工条件に従って、前記第二の砥石によって前記被加工物を研削する、
    　研削方法。     The shape of the first grindstone is measured by the measuring mechanism,
    Machining conditions are generated from the shape data of the first grindstone measured by the measuring mechanism.
    The work piece is ground by the first grindstone according to the generated processing conditions.
    By the measuring mechanism, the shape of the second grindstone having a roughness different from that of the first grindstone is measured.
    Machining conditions are generated from the shape data of the second grindstone measured by the measuring mechanism.
    The workpiece is ground by the second grindstone according to the generated machining conditions.
    Grinding method.
PCT/JP2020/039750 2020-10-22 2020-10-22 Curve generator and grinding method WO2022085159A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020006764A1 (en) * 2000-06-26 2002-01-17 Loh Optikmaschinen Ag Device for machining optical workpieces
JP2003150216A (en) * 2001-11-15 2003-05-23 Ikegai Corp Curved surface machining system and method for work
JP2010094758A (en) * 2008-10-15 2010-04-30 Hoya Corp Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass substrate for information recording medium
JP2018069391A (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-05-10 日本精工株式会社 Grinding device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020006764A1 (en) * 2000-06-26 2002-01-17 Loh Optikmaschinen Ag Device for machining optical workpieces
JP2003150216A (en) * 2001-11-15 2003-05-23 Ikegai Corp Curved surface machining system and method for work
JP2010094758A (en) * 2008-10-15 2010-04-30 Hoya Corp Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass substrate for information recording medium
JP2018069391A (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-05-10 日本精工株式会社 Grinding device

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