Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K8/4906—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
  • A61K8/4926—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom having six membered rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/27—Zinc; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/29—Titanium; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/34—Alcohols
  • A61K8/342—Alcohols having more than seven atoms in an unbroken chain
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/35—Ketones, e.g. benzophenone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
  • A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K8/4973—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K8/4973—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom
  • A61K8/498—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom having 6-membered rings or their condensed derivatives, e.g. coumarin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/55—Phosphorus compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/67—Vitamins
  • A61K8/676—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/67—Vitamins
  • A61K8/678—Tocopherol, i.e. vitamin E
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
  • A61Q17/04—Topical preparations for affording protection against sunlight or other radiation; Topical sun tanning preparations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/52—Stabilizers
  • A61K2800/522—Antioxidants; Radical scavengers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B19/00—Oxazine dyes

Definitions

• UV radiation Environmental exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation remains one of the main contributors to nearly 3.5 million cases of skin cancer each year. With few effective therapeutic options available for melanoma, a significant effort has been directed towards preventative skin care through the daily application of topical sunscreens.
• antioxidants are unstable and readily react in air and with sunlight to form byproducts that are not effective (and sometimes toxic).
• Phenoxazone and phenoxazine are small molecules that can be used as sun protective formulations.
• aggregated xanthommatin in a stabilized three-dimensional form has been incorporated into suncare formulations.
• the xanthommatin particle aggregates used in these formulations are typically greater than 100 nm in size.
• Bom, S., et al. A step forward on sustainability in the cosmetics industry: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019. 225: p. 270-290.
• Bom, S., et al. Replacing Synthetic Ingredients by Sustainable Natural Alternatives: A Case Study Using Topical O/W Emulsions. Molecules, 2020. 25(21).
• these bio-based or bio-inspired raw materials are still subject to rigorous safety screening and standards before they can be incorporated in over-the-counter products Bom, 2019.
• xanthommatin is a naturally occurring biochrome present in arthropods and cephalopods and is formed during the metabolism of tryptophan in these species.
• xanthommatin is a naturally occurring biochrome present in arthropods and cephalopods and is formed during the metabolism of tryptophan in these species.
• xanthommatin is a naturally occurring biochrome present in arthropods and cephalopods and is formed during the metabolism of tryptophan in these species.
• compositions are disclosed herein for suncare and cosmetic applications.
• the new compositions include unsaturated solutions of one or more compounds from the bioinspired, photo-stable class of phenoxazone and phenoxazine (or derivatives or precursors thereof), to provide for more effective use in providing sun and cosmetic care.
• an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound includes chemical solutions in which the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound is fully dissolved in solution.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound in the unsaturated solution are not bound to other active molecular constituents by covalent or other bonds.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound in the unsaturated solution may also be bound to inactive side chains and/or polymers for enhanced stabilization in dermatological or other formulations, but are not bound or affiliated with active molecules of the same or different species.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound in the unsaturated solution are aggregated and do not form three-dimensional stabilized structures with other phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound or other active molecules in the solution or greater formulation.
• the unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound may include unsaturated solutions of phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine derivatives or precursors, including 3 -hydroxykynurenine.
• the unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound may also include xanthommatin, decarboxylated xanthommatin, uncyclized xanthommatin, ommatin D, dihydroxy-xanthommatin, or rhodommatin, a derivative of any of the foregoing, a precursor of any of the foregoing, and salts of any of the foregoing.
• the phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a salt thereof is xanthommatin, or a salt thereof.
• the phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a salt thereof is ammonium xanthommatin.
• the unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound provide the composition with stabilizing and boosting properties relative to bound phenoxazone and phenoxazine compounds, because the molecular and chemical properties of the unaggregated small molecules in the unsaturated solution can be harnessed in UV protective formulations.
• Unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound are easily incorporated in a formulation and the chemistry of the unaggregated small molecules can be harnessed to provide surprising properties with regard to UV-absorption, boosting, and stabilizing.
• the unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound comprises xanthommatin, one or more derivatives or precursors thereof, or salts thereof.
• Xanthommatin is a biochrome present in anthropods and cephalopods but may be synthetically formed for the compositions disclosed herein.
• the present application provides a composition
• a composition comprising at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) and an unsaturated solution of 1 wt% or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• an unsaturated solution 1 wt% or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises xanthommatin, decarboxylated xanthommatin, uncyclized xanthommatin, ommatin D, dihydroxy-xanthommatin, rhodommatin, a derivative or precursor thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises 3- hydroxykynurenine.
• the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises xanthommatin, one or more derivatives or precursors thereof, or salts thereof (e.g., ammonium xanthommatin).
• the unsaturated solution of 1 wt% or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises synthetic molecules.
• the unsaturated solution of 1 wt% or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises unaggregated molecules.
• the unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof, of the present application provides a UV-filter which can absorb up to 3x more across the broader UV-visible spectrum than conventional chemical filters.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing together exhibit synergy.
• the composition has a pre-irradiation SPF greater than a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the composition has a post-irradiation SPF greater than a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the composition has an increase in SPF of greater than 10% as compared to a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the composition has an increase in SPF of greater than 25% as compared to a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV- scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least one week. In certain embodiments of the foregoing, the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least two weeks. In certain embodiments of the foregoing, the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least three weeks.
• the composition exhibits greater UV absorbance than a composition comprising the at least one UV-absorbing compound without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the composition exhibits a change in UV absorbance of greater than 100% as compared to a composition comprising the at least one UV-absorbing compound without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the composition exhibits a change in UV absorbance of greater than 150% as compared to a composition comprising the at least one UV-absorbing compound without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the composition exhibits a change in UV absorbance of greater than 200% as compared to a composition comprising the at least one UV-absorbing compound without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• compositions of the present application comprising at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) and an unsaturated solution of 1 wt% or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof, may be formulated as a solution.
• at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• an unsaturated solution of 1 wt% or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing are homogeneously distributed within the solution.
• compositions of the present application comprising at least one UV- filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) and an unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof, may be formulated as an emulsion.
• the unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof comprises a soluble portion of the solution phase of the emulsion.
• compositions of the present application comprising at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) and an unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing, may be formulated as a cream, gel, spray, or lotion, for use in a cosmetic or dermatological formulation.
• the composition of the present application is formulated to provide protection from solar ultraviolet radiation.
• the composition of the present application is formulated to provide broad spectrum protection to protect against blue light and infrared regions.
• the composition of the present application is formulated to provide a ratio of UVA I to UV B filters of at least 0.7 or greater.
• Unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, or a precursor or a derivative thereof e.g., xanthommatin, derivatives or precursors thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• the composition is formulated to provide a sun protection factor (“SPF”) of at least 15, 30, 60 or 100.
• SPF sun protection factor
• the composition is formulated to provide a SPF of 15-100. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to provide a UVA protection factor (“UVA-PF”) of at least 15, 30, 60, or 100. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to provide a UVA-PF of 15-100. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to provide a ratio of UVA I to UV filters of at least 0.7 or greater.
• UVA-PF UVA protection factor
• the composition of the present application further comprises one or more non-ionic polymeric emulsifier.
• the one or more non-ionic polymeric emulsifier is selected from potassium cetyl phosphate, PEG- 150 distearate, cetearyl alcohol, caprylic/capric triglyceride, and glyceryl stearate.
• the composition of the present application further comprises at least one additional anti-oxidizing compound.
• the at least one additional anti-oxidizing compound comprises one or more of arbutin, BHA, BHT, koji acid, hydroxyanisole, hydroquinone, t-butyl hydroquinone, tocopherol, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, rosmarinic acid, Trolox, goosypol, flavone, flavanone, isoflavones, flavanol, protocatechuic acid, resorcylic acid, gallic, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, carotenoids, cysteine hydrochloride, dithiothreitol, glutathione, thio glycolic acid, thiodipropionic acid, alpha-lipoic acid, and/or xanthines.
• the unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing functions as an anti-oxidizing compound in the composition.
• the at least one additional anti-oxidizing compound is present at 0.1-5 wt %. In certain embodiments, the at least one additional anti-oxidizing compound is present at 0.1-1 wt %.
• the composition of the present application further comprises one or more anti-radical compound.
• the anti-radical compound is present in the final formulation in an amount of about 0.1-15 wt%, 0.1-1 wt %, 1-10 wt %, or 6-8 wt %.
• the anti-radical compound is present in the final formulation in an amount of about 0.1 wt %, 0.5 wt %, 1 wt %, 6 wt %, 8 wt %, 10 wt %, 15 wt %, or any other suitable amount.
• the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) is present in an amount of 0.1-15 wt%, 0.1-5 wt %, 0.1-1 wt %. In certain embodiments, the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) is present in an amount of 0.1 wt %, 0.5 wt %, 1 wt %, 6 wt %, 8 wt %, 10 wt %, 15 wt %, or any other suitable amount.
• the UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV- absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) comprises an FDA approved UV-filter or another UV-filtering compound.
• the UV-absorbing compound comprises one or more of avobenzone, oxybenzone, oxybenzone cinoxate, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and/or trolamine salicylate.
• the UV-scattering particle comprises titanium dioxide or zinc dioxide.
• the composition comprises 0.1-1 wt % phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin).
• the composition comprises 0.01-0.1 wt % phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin).
• the composition comprises 0.01-0.05 wt % phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin).
• the unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing is present in the final formulation in an amount of about 0.01 wt %, 0.03 wt %, 0.05 wt %, 0.1 wt %, 0.5 wt %, or 1 wt %.
• the present application provides a method of maintaining the SPF of a composition comprising at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV- scattering particle), comprising adding an unsaturated solution comprising 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing to the composition to provide a final cosmetic formulation.
• the SPF is maintained for at least one week, for at least two weeks, or for at least three weeks.
• the present application further provide a method of increasing the SPF of a composition comprising at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV- scattering particle), comprising adding an unsaturated solution comprising 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing to the composition to provide a final cosmetic formulation.
• at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV- scattering particle
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV- absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing together exhibit synergy.
• the composition has an increase in pre-irradiation SPF of greater than 10% as compared to a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the composition has an increase in post-irradiation SPF of greater than 10% as compared to a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises an xanthommatin, decarboxylated xanthommatin, uncyclized xanthommatin, ommatin D, dihydroxy-xanthommatin, or rhodommatin, or a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises xanthommatin, or salt thereof.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises between 0.01-0.1 wt % in the final cosmetic formulation. In certain embodiments of the methods of the present application, the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises between 0.01 wt % in the final cosmetic formulation.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises between 0.03 wt % in the final cosmetic formulation.
• the UV-filtering material comprises a UV-absorbing compound.
• the UV-absorbing compound is one of avobenzone, oxybenzone, oxybenzone cinoxate, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and/or trolamine salicylate.
• the UV-filtering material comprises a UV-scattering particle. In certain such embodiments, the UV-scattering particle comprises titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.
• the present application further provides an antioxidant composition
• an antioxidant composition comprising a vitamin E analogue; and an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises xanthommatin, decarboxylated xanthommatin, uncyclized xanthommatin, ommatin D, dihydroxy- xanthommatin, rhodommatin, or a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing, such as xanthommatin, or a salt thereof.
• the composition performs as an antioxidant for longer than a composition comprising the vitamin E analogue alone.
• the vitamin E analogue and one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing are present in the composition in a molar ratio of about 1:1.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• the unsaturated solution are present in an amount between about 0.01 and 10 wt %, in particular between 0.01-1 wt %, between 1-5 wt %, between 1-10 wt %, or any other suitable amount.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing are present in an amount of about 50 wt %.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• the vitamin E analogue is Trolox.
• the present application provides an antioxidant composition comprising ascorbic acid and an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin).
• the composition performs as an antioxidant for longer than a composition comprising the ascorbic acid alone.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises xanthommatin, decarboxylated xanthommatin, uncyclized xanthommatin, ommatin D, dihydroxy-xanthommatin, rhodommatin, or a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing, such as xanthommatin, or a salt thereof.
• the ascorbic acid and one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing are present in a ratio of about 1:1.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• the unsaturated solution are present in the final formulation in an amount between about 0.01 and 10 wt %, in particular between about 0.01-1 wt %, between about 1-5 wt %, between about 1-10 wt %, or any other suitable amount.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing are present in an amount of about 50 wt % in the final formulation.
• phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound By integrating the unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin), into dermatological formulations, and in particular into sun protecting formulations such as sunscreen and facial moisturizer, enhanced protection can be achieved without the systemic toxicities associated with traditional chemical and physical UV filters.
• xanthommatin e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• compositions including unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) provide safer and more effective broad spectrum protection in suncare product formulations, and prolong the efficacy of the formulation.
• FIGURE 1 depicts the antioxidant properties of various concentrations of Trolox compared to those for 1:1 combinations of trolox:xanthommatin.
• FIGURE 2 depicts the antioxidant properties of various concentrations of ascorbic acid compared to those for 1: 1 combinations of ascorbic acid:xanthommatin.
• FIGURE 3 depicts the antioxidant properties of various concentrations of xanthommatin.
• FIGURE 4A depicts the UV absorption of combinations of xanthommatin with oxybenzone as compared to oxybenzone alone on day 1.
• FIGURE 4B depicts the UV absorption of combinations of xanthommatin with oxybenzone as compared to oxybenzone alone on day 16.
• FIGURE 5A depicts the UV absorption of combinations of xanthommatin with avobenzone as compared to avobenzone alone on day 1.
• FIGURE 5B depicts the UV absorption of combinations of xanthommatin with avobenzone as compared to avobenzone alone on day 16.
• FIGURE 6A depicts the UV absorption of combinations of xanthommatin with octisalate and homosalate (top two lines) as compared to octisalate and homosalate alone on day 1.
• FIGURE 6B depicts the UV absorption of combinations of xanthommatin with octisalate and homosalate (top two lines) as compared to octisalate and homosalate alone on day 16.
• FIGURE 7A depicts the UV absorption of combinations of xanthommatin with octinoxate as compared to octinoxate alone on day 1.
• FIGURE 7B depicts the UV absorption of combinations of xanthommatin with octinoxate as compared to octinoxate alone on day 16.
• FIGURE 8A depicts the UV absorption of combinations of xanthommatin with octocrylene as compared to octocrylene alone on day 1.
• FIGURE 8B depicts the UV absorption of combinations of xanthommatin with octocrylene as compared to octocrylene alone on day 16.
• FIGURE 9 depicts the UV absorption of octinoxate alone and in combination with avobenzone or xanthommatin.
• FIGURE 10 depicts the UV absorption of avobenzone alone and in combination with xanthommatin.
• FIGURE 11 depicts the UV absorption of oxybenzone alone and in combination with avobenzone or xanthommatin.
• FIGURE 12 depicts results from the measurement of the SPF on chemical sunscreen samples pre-irradiation (solid bars) and post-irradiation (patterned bars).
• FIGURE 13 depicts results from the measurement of the SPF on mineral sunscreen samples pre-irradiation (solid bars) and post-irradiation (patterned bars).
• FIGURE 14 depicts the absorbance capabilities of ammonium xanthommatin.
• FIGURE 15 depicts the absorbance capabilities of ammonium xanthommatin in combination with various FDA approved organic UV filters.
• FIGURE 16 depicts the absorbance capabilities of ammonium xanthommatin in combination with various FDA approved organic UV filters.
• FIGURE 17 depicts in vitro phototoxicity measurements of xanthommatin with and without exposure to UVA light.
• Figure 17A shows the cell viability for various concentrations of xanthommatin.
• Figure 17B shows the cell viability for various concentrations of positive control, chlorpromazine.
• FIGURE 18 depicts area under the curve (AUC) calculations for the highest concentration (40 uM) conditions for vitamin E, vitamin C, and ammonium xanthommatin (Xa).
• FIGURE 19 depicts half life measurements of ammonium xanthommatin in solution compared to vitamin C in solution when assayed at the same concentration.
• FIGURE 20 depicts the activity of vitamin C as measured alone or in combination with ammonium xanthommatin (Xa).
• FIGURE 21 depicts the activity of vitamin E as measured alone or in combination with ammonium xanthommatin (Xa).
• Xanthommatin is biochrome present in arthropods and cephalopods which can be isolated or synthesized and used in formulations as an antioxidant that stabilizes and in some cases boosts or enhances the UV-filtering performance of chemical sunscreen agents.
• the bioinspired molecule is a safe and cytocompatible alternative to traditional chemicals used in suncare products for enhancing and boosting existing UV-filters and anti-oxidizing compounds or as a functional alternative UVA filter.
• compositions disclosed herein use unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) as an active ingredient in dermatological protection compositions for sun protection or other dermatological protection, and provides a safer and more effective alternative to chemicals traditionally utilized in such compositions that can have harmful health consequences.
• phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• Formulating phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compounds, precursors or derivatives thereof, or salts of any of the foregoing for example xanthommatin, decarboxylated xanthommatin, uncyclized xanthommatin, ommatin D, dihydroxy-xanthommatin, or rhodommatin, precursors or derivatives thereof, or salts of any of the foregoing
• xanthommatin, decarboxylated xanthommatin, uncyclized xanthommatin, ommatin D, dihydroxy-xanthommatin, or rhodommatin, precursors or derivatives thereof, or salts of any of the foregoing as a standalone, unaggregated unit in an unsaturated solution has a number of surprising advantages. For example, it can boost the performance of UV filters.
• compositions disclosed herein include unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) as a soluble portion or solution phase of an emulsion (such as a cream) or homogenously distributed within a suspension (such as an aerosol spray).
• a salt of any of the foregoing e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• a soluble portion or solution phase of an emulsion such as a cream
• a suspension such as an aerosol spray
• the present application provides a composition comprising an unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) and at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle).
• the composition is for use in providing broad spectrum protection.
• the phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound comprises, for example, xanthommatin, decarboxylated xanthommatin, uncyclized xanthommatin, ommatin D, dihydroxy-xanthommatin, rhodommatin, a derivative or precursor thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing is present in the composition in an amount less than about 1.0 wt %, 0.9 wt %, 0.8 wt %, 0.7 wt , 0.6 wt %, 0.5 wt %, 0.4 wt %, 0.3wt %, 0.1 wt %, 0.05 wt %, or 0.01 wt %.
• the phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing is present in the composition in a range of about wt %0.1- 1 wt %, 0.01-0.1 wt %, 0.01-0.05 wt %, or any other suitable amount.
• the UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV- scattering particle
• the UV-filtering material is present in the composition in an amount greater than about 0.1 wt %, 1 wt %, 5 wt %, 10 wt %, 15 wt %, 20 wt %, 25 wt %, 30 wt %, 35 wt %, or 40 wt % or other suitable amount.
• the UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the UV-filtering material is present in the final formulation in a range of about 0.1-40 wt %, 0.1-35 wt %, 0.1-30 wt %, 0.1-25 wt %, 0.1- 20 wt %, 0.1-15 wt %, 0.1-5 wt %, or 0.1-1 wt %.
• the present application provides a composition
• a composition comprising an unsaturated solution of 0.1-1 wt % of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin), and 0.1-40 wt % of a UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV- scattering particle).
• the composition has an SPF of about 30-100 and UVA-PF of about 30-100.
• the at least one UV- filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing together exhibit synergy.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing together provide more than the anticipated efficacy (e.g., the SPF or the UV-absorbing and/or -scattering properties) of combining the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) and the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof,
• the composition has a pre-irradiation SPF greater than a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the composition has an increase in pre-irradiation SPF of greater than 1%, greater than 5%, greater than 10%, greater than 15%, greater than 20%, greater than 25%, greater than 30%, greater than 35%, greater than 40%, greater than 45%, or greater than 50% as compared to a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the composition has a post-irradiation SPF greater than a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the composition has an increase in post-irradiation SPF of greater than 1%, greater than 5%, greater than 10%, greater than 15%, greater than 20%, greater than 25%, greater than 30%, greater than 35%, greater than 40%, greater than 45%, or greater than 50% as compared to a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV- scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV- scattering particle
• the composition has a pre- and post- irradiation SPF greater than a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least 1 day, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least 6 days, at least 1 week, at least 2 weeks, at least 3 weeks, at least 4 weeks, or at least 5 weeks. In certain embodiments, the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least 1 week. In certain embodiments, the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least 2 weeks. In certain embodiments, the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least 3 weeks. In certain embodiments of the foregoing, the SPF is pre-irradiation SPF.
• the composition exhibits greater UV absorbance than a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the composition exhibits a 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, or 250% increase in UV absorbance as compared to a composition comprising the at least one UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) without the unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the at least one UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the one or more UV-filtering material comprises one or more UV-absorbing compound, such as one or more chemical sunblock. In certain embodiments, the one or more UV-filtering material comprises one or more UV-scattering compound, such as one or more physical sunblock. In certain embodiments, the one or more UV-absorbing compound is selected from avobenzone, oxybenzone, oxybenzone cinoxate, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and trolamine salicylate, bemotrizinol, and bisoctrizole. In certain embodiments, the UV-filtering material comprises chemical and physical sunblocks.
• Non-limiting examples of chemical sunblocks that can be used include bemotrizinol (Tinosorb S), bisoctrizole (Tinosorb M), para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), PABA esters (glyceryl PABA, amyldimethyl PABA and octyldimethyl PABA), butyl PABA, ethyl PABA, ecamsule, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, benzophenones (oxybenzone, sulisobenzone, benzophenone, and benzophenone- 1 through 12), cinnamates (octyl methoxycinnamate, isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate, octylmethoxy cinnamate, cinoxate, diisopropyl methyl cinnamate, DEA-methoxycinnamate, ethyl diisopropylcinnamate, glyce
• Non-limiting examples of physical sunblocks include kaolin, talc, petrolatum and metal oxides (e.g., titanium dioxide and zinc oxide).
• the UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the composition at more than 1 wt%, more than 2 wt%, more than 3 wt%, more than 4 wt%, more than 5 wt%, more than 10 wt%, more than 15 wt%, more than 20 wt%, more than 25 wt%, more than 30 wt%, more than 35 wt%, more than 40 wt%, more than 45 wt%, or more than 50 wt%.
• compositions of the present application can be formulated as a solution, suspension or emulsion.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• the UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the distribution may be homogeneous.
• compositions of the present application are formulated as a cream, gel, spray, or lotion. In certain such embodiments, the compositions are for use in a cosmetic or dermatological formulation.
• the compositions of the present application are suitable for topical use to provide protection from solar ultraviolet radiation.
• the present application provides a method of providing protection from solar ultraviolet radiation, comprising applying a cosmetic or dermatological formulation comprising an unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin), and 0.1-40 wt % of a UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle).
• a cosmetic or dermatological formulation comprising an unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of
• the composition comprises 0.1-1 wt % of the unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin).
• the composition comprises 10-40 wt % of the UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle).
• the cosmetic or dermatological formulation is for topical administration.
• compositions of the present application further comprise non-ionic polymeric emulsifiers such as potassium cetyl phosphate, PEG-150 distearate, cetearyl alcohol, caprylic/capric triglyceride, and glyceryl stearate.
• non-ionic polymeric emulsifiers such as potassium cetyl phosphate, PEG-150 distearate, cetearyl alcohol, caprylic/capric triglyceride, and glyceryl stearate.
• the compositions of the present application provide sun protection.
• the compositions provide an SPF of at least about 15, 30, 60, 100, or other suitable amount of protection.
• the amount of phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) in the composition may be altered or adjusted in order to provide a particular SPF.
• the amount of UV- filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) in the composition may be altered or adjusted in order to provide a particular SPF.
• xanthommatin has a critical wavelength of 385 nm
• FDA-approved UV-filters are considered “broad-spectrum” if they have a critical wavelength of at least 370 nm.
• xanthommatin in an unsaturated solution can function as a broad spectrum UV- filter.
• the SPF provided by xanthommatin formulations varies with concentration, such that xanthommatin is a tunable UV-filter.
• a formulation of 0.03 mM xanthommatin in a solution provides about 1 SPF, 0.25 mM concentration provides about 5 SPF, 1 mM concentration provides about 20 SPF, and 5 mM concentration is anticipated to provide about 100 SPF.
• the composition is formulated to provide an UVA-PF of at least 15.
• the composition can be formulated to provide UVA-PF of at least 15, 30, 60, 100, or any other suitable amount of protection.
• the amounts of phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) and/or UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) in the composition may be altered or adjusted in order to provide a particular SPF.
• the composition provides broad spectrum protection.
• the composition provides a ratio of UVA I to UV filters of at least 0.7 or greater.
• the unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• a salt of any of the foregoing e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• the amount of phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing may be increased or otherwise adjusted in order to achieve the required anti-oxidizing performance.
• the compositions of the present application may comprise a further anti-oxidizing compound.
• the further anti-oxidizing compound comprises one or more of arbutin, BHA, BHT, koji acid, hydroxyanisole, hydroquinone, t-butyl hydroquinone, tocopherol, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, rosmarinic acid, Trolox, goosypol, flavone, flavanone, isoflavones, flavanol, protocatechuic acid, resorcylic acid, gallic, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, carotenoids, cysteine hydrochloride, dithiothreitol, glutathione, thio glycolic acid, thiodipropionic acid, alpha- lipoic acid, and/or xanthines.
• the further anti-oxidizing compound comprises include acetyl cysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, arbutin, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid polypeptide, ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, BHA, BHT, t-butyl hydroquinone, caffeic acid, carotenoids, chlorogenic acid, cysteine, cysteine HC1, diamyihydroquinone, di-t-butylhydroquinone, dicetyl thiodipropionate, dioleyl tocopheryl methylsilanol, disodium ascorbyl sulfate, distearyl thiodipropionate, ditridecyl thiodipropionate, dodecyl gallate, erythorbic acid, esters of ascorbic acid, ethyl ferulate,
• the further anti- oxidizing compound is present in the composition in an amount greater than 0.1 wt %, 0.5 wt %, 1 wt %, 3 wt %, 5 wt %, or any other suitable amount.
• compositions of the present application further comprise an anti-radical compound.
• the anti-radical compound is present in the final formulation in an amount greater than 0.1 wt %, 1 wt %, 5 wt %, 6 wt %, 8 wt %, 10 wt %, or any other suitable amount.
• the present application further provides a composition
• a composition comprising an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) and a UV-filtering or anti-oxidizing component.
• the unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing enhances the performance of the UV-filtering or anti-oxidizing component.
• the unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• the unsaturated solution is able to improve the UV-filtering or ant-oxidizing performance of the UV-filtering or anti-oxidizing component.
• An unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing may act as a stand-alone unaffiliated stabilizer when distributed in a composition with an active UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle).
• an active UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle.
• the present application provides a composition comprising an unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin), and a UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle), wherein the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) stabilizes the UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-s),
• greater than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the initial UV-absorbing capacity is retained for the UV-absorbing compound for at least one week, at least two weeks, or at least three weeks. In certain embodiments, 100% of the initial UV-absorbing capacity is retained for the UV-absorbing compound for at least one week, at least two weeks, or at least three weeks. In certain embodiments, greater than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the initial UV-scattering capacity is retained for the UV-scattering particle for at least one week, at least two weeks, or at least three weeks.
• the present application further provides a method of stabilizing a UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle), comprising combining the UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) with an unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin).
• a UV-filtering material e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle
• the stabilizing the UV-filtering material comprises retaining greater than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the UV-absorbing and/or UV- scattering capacity for at least one week, at least two weeks, or at least three weeks.
• the UV-filtering material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or a UV-scattering particle) comprises a photo-unstable chemical UV-filter, for example avobenzone, oxybenzone, oxybenzone cinoxate, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and/or trolamine salicylate.
• a photo-unstable chemical UV-filter for example avobenzone, oxybenzone, oxybenzone cinoxate, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and/or trolamine salicylate.
• UV-light absorbing chemical filters are typically unstable and require stabilization by one or more compounds or materials in the formulation.
• the phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing is present in an amount between about 0.01-0.05 wt %, 0.1-1 wt %, of the composition.
• the presence of unaggregated xanthommatin was shown to contribute to a boost in UVB and UVA stability of commercially available UV-filters, when exposed to ambient light and temperatures.
• This boost in stability in the presence of unsaturated solutions of xanthommatin was consistent across all chemical filters tested, including homosalate, octisalate, octocrylene, oxybenzone, and octinoxate. Between 10-100% UV filtering retention was observed over the course of weeks.
• Solutions including unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing may also boost the stability of UV-filters in the presence of solar simulated light, or solar light.
• An unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing can be used as a UV-absorbance booster for known UV- absorbing compounds.
• the present application provides a composition comprising an unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin), and an active UV-absorbing compound, wherein the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) enhances the UV-absorbing properties of the UV-absorbing compound.
• a composition comprising an unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or pheno
• the composition enhances the UV-absorbing properties of the UV-absorbing compound in UV-B. In certain embodiments, the composition enhances the UV-absorbing properties of the UV-absorbing compound in UV-A. In certain embodiments, the composition enhances the UV-absorbing properties of the UV-absorbing compound in UV-A and UV-B.
• the present application further provides a method of enhancing the UV-absorbing properties of a UV-absorbing compound, comprising combining the UV-absorbing compound with an unsaturated solution of 1 wt % or less of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin).
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises xanthommatin, decarboxylated xanthommatin, uncyclized xanthommatin, ommatin D, dihydroxy- xanthommatin, rhodommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises 0.01-0.03 wt %, 0.1-1 wt %, or 0.1-1 wt %, of the composition.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• the UV-absorbing compound comprises avobenzone, oxybenzone, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, oxybenzone cinoxate, and/or trolamine salicylate.
• the UV-absorbing compound comprises titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.
• an unsaturated solution of xanthommatin at concentrations ranging from 0.01-0.03 wt %, 0.1-1 wt %, 0.1-1 wt %, or 1-10 wt % can induce significant spectral enhancements in the UV-absorption properties of commercially available chemical UV-filters.
• an unsaturated solution of xanthommatin incorporated into a composition at about 0.03 wt % xanthommatin can boost activity of avobenzone by -250% in UV-B (300 nm) and about 9% in UV-A (360 nm).
• Unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing can perform as an alternative UV-A filter to the photo-unstable avobenzone, which is currently the only US-approved chemical UV-A filter.
• An unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing can perform as an antioxidant booster.
• the present application provides a composition comprising an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin), and an antioxidant, wherein the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) enhances antioxidant capacity of the antioxidant.
• the antioxidant comprises the vitamin E analogue Trolox or ascorbic acid.
• the present application provides a method of enhancing the antioxidant capacity of an antioxidant, comprising combining the antioxidant with an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin).
• An unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing can perform as a direct replacement for existing and known antioxidants in cosmetic applications.
• the present application provides an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) for use in a cosmetic composition, wherein the unsaturated solution provides antioxidant properties for the cosmetic composition.
• a phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) for use in a cosmetic composition
• the unsaturated solution provides antioxidant properties for the cosmetic composition.
• An unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing can perform as a stabilizer to the same antioxidants.
• the present application provides a composition comprising one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin), and an antioxidant, wherein the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin) stabilizes the antioxidant.
• a composition comprising one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• the antioxidant are present in the composition in a 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, or 1:1 molar ratio.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• the antioxidant are present in the composition in a 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, or 10:1 molar ratio.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin
• the antioxidant comprises the vitamin E analogue Trolox or ascorbic acid.
• a composition of about 1:1 vitamin E analogue such as Trolox and xanthommatin shows evidence heightened antioxidant stability.
• a composition of 1: 1 ascorbic acid and xanthommatin also shows antioxidant stabilization.
• the present application provides a method of maintaining the antioxidant capacity of an antioxidant, comprising combining the antioxidant with an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing (e.g., xanthommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any one of the foregoing, such as ammonium xanthommatin).
• 100% of the antioxidant capacity of an antioxidant is maintained for at least one week.
• at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the antioxidant capacity of an antioxidant is maintained for at least one week.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises xanthommatin, decarboxylated xanthommatin, uncyclized xanthommatin, ommatin D, dihydroxy-xanthommatin, rhodommatin, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
• the one or more phenoxazone and/or phenoxazine compound, a precursor or derivative thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing comprises 0.01-1 wt %, 1-5 wt %, 1-10 wt %, 50 wt %, or up to 75% of the composition, wt %wt %wt %wt %.
• antioxidant stabilizing/boosting effects were observed in experiments in which the anti-oxidizing capacity and performance of unsaturated solutions of xanthommatin only and xanthommatin were blended with equimolar ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or Trolox (a vitamin E analogue) over 90 minutes at 37 °C using a standard Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC) assay.
• the ORAC assay measures the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules based on the oxidation of a fluorescein probe by peroxyl radicals (Fluorescence decreases as antioxidant capacity decreases).
• xanthommatin in an unsaturated solution provided comparable anti-oxidizing capacity to known antioxidant standards (Trolox and vitamin C). These findings are supported by the comparable area under the curve (AUC) calculations for the highest concentration (40 ⁇ M) conditions.
• the present application provides cosmetic or dermatological formulations comprising the compositions as disclosed herein.
• the cosmetic or dermatological formulations comprising the compositions as disclosed herein further comprise a rheology modifier.
• the rheology modifier is present in an amount that prevents significant dripping or pooling of the composition after application to the skin.
• the rheology modifier is carbomer.
• the rheology modifier is selected from stearic acid, palmitic acid, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, stearic acid, palmitic acid, the polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol having an average of about 1 to about 21 ethylene oxide units, the polyethylene glycol ether of cetyl alcohol having an average of about 1 to about 5 ethylene oxide units, and mixtures thereof.
• rheology modifiers include thickener or gelling agents, including substances which that can increase the viscosity of a composition.
• Thickening agents include those that can increase the viscosity of a composition without substantially modifying the efficacy of the active ingredient within the composition. Thickening agents can also increase the stability of the compositions of the present application.
• thickening agents include hydrogenated polyisobutene or trihydroxy stearin, or a mixture of both.
• Additional non-limiting examples of additional thickening agents that can be used in the context of the present application include carboxylic acid polymers, crosslinked polyacrylate polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, polysaccharides, and gums.
• carboxylic acid polymers include crosslinked compounds containing one or more monomers derived from acrylic acid, substituted acrylic acids, and salts and esters of these acrylic acids and the substituted acrylic acids, wherein the crosslinking agent contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds and is derived from a polyhydric alcohol (see CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fourth Edition, 1991, pp. 12 and 80).
• Examples of commercially available carboxylic acid polymers include carbomers, which are homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with allyl ethers of sucrose or pentaerythritol (e.g., CarbopolTM 900 series from B. F. Goodrich).
• Non-limiting examples of crosslinked polyacrylate polymers include cationic and nonionic polymers.
• Non-limiting examples of polyacrylamide polymers include polyacrylamide, isoparaffin and Laureth-7, multi-block copolymers of acrylamides and substituted acrylamides with acrylic acids and substituted acrylic acids.
• Non-limiting examples of polysaccharides include cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
• alkyl substituted cellulose where the hydroxy groups of the cellulose polymer are hydroxyalkylated (preferably hydroxy ethylated or hydroxypropylated) to form a hydroxyalkylated cellulose which is then further modified with a C10-C30 straight chain or branched chain alkyl group through an ether linkage.
• these polymers are ethers of C10-C30 straight or branched chain alcohols with hydroxyalkylcelluloses.
• Other useful polysaccharides include scleroglucans comprising a linear chain of (1-3) linked glucose units with a (1-6) linked glucose every three unit.
• Non-limiting examples of gums that can be used with the present compositions include acacia, agar, algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hectorite, hyaluroinic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium carboyxmethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, and mixtures thereof.
• the thickening agent is Chondrus crispus (carrageenan) extract.
• the cosmetic or dermatological formulations comprising the compositions as disclosed herein further comprise a moisturizing agent (e.g., humectant).
• moisturizing agents e.g., humectant
• moisturizing agents include amino acids, chondroitin sulfate, diglycerin, erythritol, fructose, glucose, glycerin, glycerol polymers, glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, honey, hyaluronic acid, hydrogenated honey, hydrogenated starch hydroly sate, inositol, lactitol, maltitol, maltose, mannitol, natural moisturizing factor, PEG- 15 butanediol, polyglyceryl sorbitol, salts of pyrollidone carboxylic acid, potassium PCA, propylene glycol, sodium glucuronate, sodium PCA, sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose,
• the moisturizing agent is glycerin.
• Other examples include acetylated lanolin, acetylated lanolin alcohol, alanine, algae extract, aloe barbadensis, aloe-barbadensis extract, aloe barbadensis gel, althea officinalis extract, apricot (prunus armeniaca) kernel oil, arginine, arginine aspartate, arnica montana extract, aspartic acid, avocado (persea gratis sima) oil, barrier sphingolipids, butyl alcohol, beeswax, behenyl alcohol, beta-sitosterol, birch (betula alba) bark extract, borage (borago officinalis) extract, butcherbroom (ruscus aculeatus) extract, butylene glycol, calendula officinalis extract, calendula officinalis oil, candelilla (euphorbia cerifera) wax
• moisturizing agents may include PEG-8 C12-18 ester, PEG-15 cocamine, PEG- 150 distearate, PEG-60 glyceryl isostearate, PEG-5 glyceryl stearate, PEG-30 glyceryl stearate, PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate, PEG40 sorbitan peroleate, PEG-5 soy sterol, PEG- 10 soy sterol, PEG-2 stearate, PEG-8 stearate, PEG-20 stearate, PEG- 32 stearate, PEG40 stearate, PEG-50 stearate, PEG- 100 stearate, PEG- 150 stearate, pentadecalactone, peppermint (mentha piperita) oil, petrolatum, phospholipids, polyamino sugar condensate, polyglyce
• the moisturizing agent may be allantoin.
• the cosmetic or dermatological formulations comprising the compositions as disclosed herein further comprise a preservative.
• the preservative is selected from one or more of quaternary ammonium preservatives such as polyquatemium-1 and benzalkonium halides (e.g., benzalkonium chloride (“BAC”) and benzalkonium bromide), parabens (e.g., methylparabens and propylparabens), phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, ethylhexylglycerinbenzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal and combinations thereof.
• BAC benzalkonium chloride
• parabens e.g., methylparabens and propylparabens
• phenoxyethanol ethylhexylglycerin
• the cosmetic or dermatological formulations comprising the compositions as disclosed herein may further comprise excipients commonly used in the formulation of cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparations for topical use, such as bactericidal agents, stabilizers, emulsifiers, buffers, wetting agents, coloring agents, and other excipients commonly used in the cosmetic/pharmaceutical preparation techniques.
• excipients commonly used in the formulation of cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparations for topical use such as bactericidal agents, stabilizers, emulsifiers, buffers, wetting agents, coloring agents, and other excipients commonly used in the cosmetic/pharmaceutical preparation techniques.
• the cosmetic or dermatological formulations comprising the compositions as disclosed herein further comprise one or more emulsifiers.
• the emulsifier reduces the interfacial tension between phases and improves the formulation and stability of an emulsion.
• the emulsifier may include a non-ionic emulsifier, an anionic emulsifier, a cationic emulsifier, a Zwitterionic emulsifier or a combination thereof.
• Non-limiting examples of emulsifiers include esters of glycerin, esters of propylene glycol, fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol, fatty acid esters of polypropylene glycol, esters of sorbitol, esters of sorbitan anhydrides, carboxylic acid copolymers, esters and ethers of glucose, ethoxylated ethers, ethoxylated alcohols, alkyl phosphates, polyoxyethylene fatty ether phosphates, fatty acid amides, acyl lactylates, soaps, TEA stearate, DEA oleth-3 phosphate, polyethylene glycol 20 sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20), polyethylene glycol 5 soya sterol, Steareth-2, Steareth-20, Steareth-21, ceteareth-20.
• the non-ionic emulsifier is cetearyl olivate or sorbitan olivate.
• the compositions as disclosed herein are combined with one or more further cosmetic composition prior to use.
• the one or more further cosmetic composition comprises one or more agent selected from alpha and beta hydroxy acids, amino acids, peptides, matrix proteins, growth factors, stem cell activators, estrogens, anti-androgens, and skin lightening and brightening agents.
• the one or more further cosmetic composition comprises one or more cosmetic ingredient.
• a wide variety of non-limiting cosmetic ingredients described in the CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook (2004 and 2008) can be used.
• Non-limiting examples of cosmetic ingredients include fragrances (artificial and natural), dyes and color ingredients (e.g., Blue 1, Blue 1 Lake, Red 40, titanium dioxide, D&C blue no. 4, D&C green no. 5, D&C orange no. 4, D&C red no. 17, D&C red no. 33, D&C violet no. 2, D&C yellow no. 10, and D&C yellow no.
• fragrances artificial and natural
• dyes and color ingredients e.g., Blue 1, Blue 1 Lake, Red 40, titanium dioxide, D&C blue no. 4, D&C green no. 5, D&C orange no. 4, D&C red no. 17, D&C red no. 33, D&C violet no. 2, D&C yellow no. 10, and D&C yellow no.
• adsorbents include, e.g., emollients, humectants, film formers, occlusive agents, and agents that affect the natural moisturization mechanisms of the skin), water-repellants, UV absorbers (physical and chemical absorbers such as paraminobenzoic acid (“PABA”) and corresponding PABA derivatives, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, etc.), essential oils, vitamins (e.g., A, B, C, D, E, and K), trace metals (e.g. zinc, calcium and selenium), anti-irritants (e.g. steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories), botanical extracts (e.g.
• aloe vera, chamomile, cucumber extract, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and rosemary anti-microbial agents
• antioxidants e.g., BHT and tocopherol
• chelating agents e.g., disodium EDTA and tetrasodium EDTA
• preservatives e.g., methylparaben and propylparaben
• pH adjusters e.g., sodium hydroxide and citric acid
• absorbents e.g., aluminum starch octenylsuccinate, kaolin, com starch, oat starch, cyclodextrin, talc, and zeolite
• skin bleaching and lightening agents e.g., hydroquinone and niacinamide lactate
• humectants e.g., sorbitol, urea, and manitol
• exfoliants e.g., waterproofing agents (e.g
• the compositions as disclosed herein are combined with one or more topical dermatologic drug composition prior to use.
• the pharmaceutically active agent is selected from anti-acne agents, agents used to treat rosacea, analgesics, anesthetics, anorectals, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory agents including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimicrobials, anti-cancer actives, scabicides, pediculicides, antineoplastics, antiperspirants, antipruritics, antipsoriatic agents, antiseborrheic agents, biologically active proteins and peptides, burn treatment agents, cauterizing agents, depigmenting agents, depilatories, diaper rash treatment agents, enzymes, hair growth stimulants, hair growth retardants including eflornithine and its salts and analogs, hemostatics, kerotolytics, canker sore treatment agents, cold sore
• Example 1 Antioxidant properties of xanthommatin
• xanthommatin ammonium xanthommatin
• xanthommatin ammonium xanthommatin
• FIGs 1-3 illustrating the relative fluorescence value (RFU) over time (in seconds) for known antioxidants Trolox (a vitamin E analogue) and ascorbic acid compared to xanthommatin.
• Figure 1 illustrates the performance of Trolox and 1:1 Trolox: xanthommatin.
• Figure 2 illustrates the performance of ascorbic acid and 1:1 ascorbic acid: xanthommatin.
• Figure 3 illustrates xanthommatin alone. In all cases, the xanthommatin was in the form of unaggregated xanthommatin molecules in an unsaturated solution.
• Figure 1 shows that a 1:1 ratio of Trolox to xanthommatin has a slower decrease in RFU over time as compared to compositions containing Trolox alone at concentrations of 20 ⁇ M or greater. The presence of xanthommatin in the composition delays degradation of the Trolox.
• the 1:1 ratio of ascorbic acid to xanthommatin in Figure 3 maintains a higher RFU value for a longer period of time, resulting in a slower decrease in RFU value and delayed degradation compared to ascorbic acid alone at comparable concentrations.
• Figure 3 shows that xanthommatin at concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 p M maintain a high RFU value for greater lengths of time compared to the compositions in Figures 1 and 2. Comparable activity level was observed in the compositions including xanthommatin as in compositions of antioxidants alone. Further, xanthommatin demonstrated the capability of delaying degradation of antioxidants over time to provide a longer lifetime when compared to compositions of known standard antioxidants alone.
• Table 1 shows the results of calculation of the area under the curve (AUC) for the data presented in Figures 1-3.
• Example 2 UV-filter stabilizing properties of xanthommatin
• the UV absorption profiles of the formulations including xanthommatin with the chemical UV filters are more similar to the day 1 UV absorption profiles and show higher UV absorption throughout the UV spectrum than the chemical UV filters alone. Accordingly, the presence of xanthommatin at about 0.01 wt % in a formulation with the chemical UV filters oxybenzone, avobenzone, octi- and homo-salates, octinoxate, and octocrylene enhances the UV absorption properties of the chemical UV filters and stabilizes the chemical UV filters over time.
• Example 3 UV-boosting properties of xanthommatin
• Figures 9-11 show the UV absorption behavior of chemical UV filters octinoxate, avobenzone, and oxybenzone, alone, in combination with avobenzone, and in combination with xanthommatin small molecules in unsaturated solution (0.03 wt %).
• Tables 2-4 show the changes in performance of the various combinations.
• xanthommatin alters the UV absorption profile of the composition and increases the UV absorption of the formulation across the UV spectrum.
• the combinations of octinoxate or oxybenzone with xanthommatin molecules show greater UV absorption than the same UV filter with avobenzone.
• the presence of xanthommatin at 0.03 wt % was shown to enhance the UVB absorbing power of octinoxate and oxybenzone by more than 250% in some cases.
• the presence of xanthommatin in the same amount boosted the performance of avobenzone by up to 109%. Accordingly, unsaturated solutions of xanthommatin are capable of functioning as a replacement to avobenzone and can also enhance UVB absorbing power of other filters.
• Phase A was prepared by solubilizing the disodium EDTA in water in the main beaker. The beaker was heated to 75 °C. The solution was stirred and the C10-C30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer was slowly added and allowed to mix until the majority of the material was dispersed into solution. After the C10-C30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer was integrated, the solution was mixed until all the Crosspolymer was evenly dispersed throughout the mixture. Phase B was prepared by measuring Phase B ingredients 4-9 into a separate beaker and heating to 60 °C.
• Phase B ingredients 10-12 were added to separate containers and slowly added to the Phase B Beaker allowing each ingredient to evenly disperse .
• phase B was added to phase A and mixed well. Agitation was increased to completely emulsify the batch. The batch was then cooled while continuing mixing.
• Phase C was added to the batch and mixed well to ensure integration. At 50 °C sodium hydroxide was added to the batch. The batch was then removed from the mixture and homogenized for 4 minutes. Mixing was then continued until the batch reached room temperature.
• Table 6 Control Chemical Sunscreen
• phase A was prepared by solubilizing the disodium EDTA in water in the main beaker and heating to 75 °C. The solution was stirred and C10-C30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer was slowly added and allowed to mix until the majority of the material was dispersed into solution. After the C10-C30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer was integrated, the ammonium xanthommatin was added and mixed until dissolved and the Crosspolymer was evenly dispersed throughout the mixture.
• Phase B ingredients 5-10 were added to a separate beaker, heated to 60 °C, and stirred to ensure all the ingredients and waxes were melted and mixed. The mixture was allowed to continue stirring. Phase B ingredients 11-13 were slowly added separately to the Phase B Beaker, allowing each ingredient to evenly disperse . When all were incorporated, phase B was added to phase A and mixed well. Agitation was increased to completely emulsify the batch before cooling the batch while continuing mixing. Phase C was then added to the batch mix well to ensure integration. Sodium hydroxide was then added at
• Table 8 Mineral Sunscreens Specifically, the control mineral sunscreen shown above was prepared with the complete ingredient list provided in table 9 below.
• Phase A was prepared by solubilizing the disodium EDTA in water in the main beaker and heating the beaker to 75 °C with moderate mixing.
• glycerin, Xantham Gum, and hydroxyethylcellulose were combined and mixed well before adding to the main beaker. The batch was allowed to stir for approximately ⁇ 5min.
• Phase B ingredients 6-11 were added to a separate beaker, heated to 75 °C, and stirred to ensure all the ingredients and waxes were melted and mixed. This beaker was allowed to stir with moderate mixing before adding Phase B ingredient 14.
• Phase B ingredient 12 was then added to the batch portionwise, allowing the material to disperse into the oil phase before adding the next portion. When all of ingredient 12 was added, the same process was repeated with ingredient 13. Once both ingredients were incorporated and mixed into phase B, phase B was added to phase A and mixed well before increasing the agitation to completely emulsify the batch. Once the batch emulsified under heat, the beaker was removed from the hot plate and homogenized continuously and thoroughly under heat for 5 minutes. The resulting mixture was then allowed to continue stirring with cooling to room temperature.
• the mineral sunscreen containing ammonium xanthommatin shown above was prepared with the complete ingredient list provided in table 10 below.
• Phase A was prepared by solubilizing the disodium EDTA in water in the main beaker and heating the beaker to 75 °C with moderate mixing. Ammonium xanthommatin was then added in batches, allowing mixing between each addition to allow the ammonium xanthommatin to dissolve into the mixture. Once complete, the mixture was cooled to 40 °C and NaOH added as needed to reach a pH of 5.0 to 5.5. The mixture was then heated to 75 °C with moderate mixing. In a separate beaker, glycerin and Xantham Gum, were combined and mixed well before adding to the main beaker.
• Phase B ingredients 7-12 were added to a separate beaker, heated to 75 °C, and stirred to ensure all the ingredients and waxes were melted and mixed. This beaker was allowed to stir with moderate mixing before adding Phase B ingredient 13 to the batch portionwise, allowing the material to disperse into the oil phase before adding the next portion. When all of ingredient 13 was added, the same process was repeated with ingredient 14. Once both ingredients were incorporated and mixed into phase B, ingredient 15 was added to phase B, and then phase B was added to phase A and mixed well before increasing the agitation to completely emulsify the batch. Once the batch emulsified under heat, the beaker was removed from the hot plate and homogenized continuously and thoroughly under heat for 5 minutes. The resulting mixture was then allowed to continue stirring with cooling to room temperature. QS with water.
• SPF290-AS was used to determine spectral transmittance for each wavelength over the full UV spectrum (290 to 400 nanometers). The transmittance values were measured at 1 nanometer intervals.
• Solar Light Model LS1000-4S-009 was used for UV irradiation.
• the simulator was fitted with UV dichroic mirror, WG320 filter, heat filter, and UG5 filter to provide a continuous emission spectrum from 290-400 nm with a limit of 1,500 Watts/m2 on total solar simulator irradiance for all wavelengths between 250 and 400 nm.
• the percentage of erythema effective radiation in each specified wavelength is shown in Table 11 Table 11: Percentage of Erythema Effective Radiation at Various Wavelengths
• Sunscreen was applied to four new, untreated roughened PMMA plate (with the roughened side uppermost) at an application rate of 1.3mg/cm2.
• the sunscreen was applied as a large number of small droplets approximately equal in volume, distributed equally over the whole surface of the plate.
• the product was distributed using a very light spreading action for approximately 30 seconds followed by spreading with greater pressure for approximately 30 seconds.
• the sample was allowed to dry for 30 minutes protected from light in a controlled temperature (25-35 °C). 2.
• Five spectra of the product on different points of the PMMA plate were obtained, taken at Inm intervals in the 290-400nm range.
• the PMMA plates containing the sample were exposed to a controlled dose of UV radiation to simulate four hours of sun (UV) exposure.
• the values for the normalized product function [EE ( ⁇ ) x I ( ⁇ ) J used in the calculation of SPF can be found in Table 12. The calculated SPF values were rounded to the nearest whole number. The critical wavelength was determined by applying this data to
• Equation 2 where A( ⁇ ) represents the absorbance of UV- absorbing compound and ⁇ _c is the critical wavelength.
• a compound or material is considered to be photo-stable if AUCI > 0.8. (Hojerova, J., Medovcikova, A. and M. Mikula, Photoprotective efficacy and photo stability of fifteen sunscreen products having the same label SPF subjected to natural sunlight. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2011. 408: p. 27-38.)
• Example 5 Absorbance and Cytotoxicity Studies The performance of ammonium xanthommatin was tested as a bro ad- spectrum absorber to assess whether the natural optical features of xanthommatin could be used to boost the UV performance of low ( ⁇ 0.2 mM) concentrations of organic UV filters.
• Xanthommatin’ absorbance capabilities were tested alone in solution ( Figure 14) and in combination with FDA approved organic UV filters ( Figures 15 and 16) over a spectral range of 280-500 nm.
• Figure 14 We observed a clear relationship between increasing concentrations of xanthommatin and the absorption of UV through visible light ( Figure 14).
• xanthommatin when compared to the absorptive behaviors of the pure organic UV filters (0.1-0.2 mM in DMSO), xanthommatin (0.6 mM in DMSO) exhibited a broader profile that spanned the UVB through visible light regions.
• the mean photo effect was calculated using Equation 5, ; where, the photo effect (PE) at any concentration (C) is defined as the product of the response effect (REC) and the dose effect (DEC) concentrations.
• MPE values of 0.019, 0.199, and 0.042 were measured for the three independent experiments with xanthommatin.
• An MPE > 0.15 indicates phototoxicity; thus, xanthommatin was classified as not phototoxic because two of the three datasets below this threshold.
• the grey lines represent data collected in the absence of UVA (- UVA), and the black lines represent data collected with exposure to UVA (+UVA). Data was collected for three independent experiments.
• the antioxidizing capacity and performance of ammonium xanthommatin only and ammonium xanthommatin blended with equimolar ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or Trolox (a vitamin E analogue) over 90 minutes at 37 °C were tested using a standard Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC) Assay.
• the ORAC assay measured the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules based on the oxidation of a fluorescein probe by peroxyl radicals (Fluorescence decreases as antioxidant capacity decreases).
• FIGURE 19 provides half life measurements of ammonium xanthommatin in solution compared to vitamin C in solution when assayed at the same concentration. The solution of ammonium xanthommatin in solution was two times longer than vitamin C when assayed at the same concentration.
• Figures 20 and 21, respectively, show the performance of vitamin C and vitamin E is extended when combined with ammonium xanthommatin. Specifically, Figure 20 shows that the performance of vitamin C was extended by 23% when combined with ammonium xanthommatin. Figure 21 shows that the performance of vitamin E was extended by 9% when combined with ammonium xanthommatin.

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