WO2022078160A1 - 可拆卸医疗器械 - Google Patents

可拆卸医疗器械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022078160A1
WO2022078160A1 PCT/CN2021/119359 CN2021119359W WO2022078160A1 WO 2022078160 A1 WO2022078160 A1 WO 2022078160A1 CN 2021119359 W CN2021119359 W CN 2021119359W WO 2022078160 A1 WO2022078160 A1 WO 2022078160A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
push rod
blade
state
inner sleeve
guide portion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/119359
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马秀峰
李枝东
杨光
陈继东
聂红林
Original Assignee
上海逸思医疗科技股份有限公司
逸思（苏州）医疗科技有限公司
浙江逸镜医疗器械有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海逸思医疗科技股份有限公司, 逸思（苏州）医疗科技有限公司, 浙江逸镜医疗器械有限公司 filed Critical 上海逸思医疗科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2022078160A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022078160A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and relates to a medical device, in particular to a detachable medical device.
  • High-frequency electrosurgical instruments are surgical instruments used for electrocoagulation to stop bleeding and/or to cut tissue during surgery.
  • High-frequency electrosurgical instruments usually include gun-type and forceps-type structures.
  • the working principle of the high-frequency electrosurgical instrument is mainly to clamp and physically pressurize the blood vessel through the two clamps at the front end.
  • the inner collagen and fibrinolytic degeneration fuse together, closing the vessel. After the blood vessel is closed, the knife can be directly cut off the closure band, thus greatly shortening the operation time, reducing bleeding, and minimizing the operation risk. It is widely used in surgery because of its high efficiency and reliability compared to traditional suture ligation.
  • the invention provides a detachable medical instrument, which makes the tool changing process simple, convenient and easy to operate.
  • a detachable medical instrument comprising: a handle, a transmission device and an execution device, one end of the transmission device is detachably connected to the handle, and the other end is detachably connected to the execution device;
  • the transmission device includes a guide mechanism and a push rod, the proximal end of the execution device is provided with a pliers head;
  • One end of the guide mechanism is fixed with the handle; the pliers head can be opened and closed near the other end of the guide mechanism;
  • the push rod is movably arranged in the guide mechanism, and is detachably connected with the execution device passing through the opening of the forceps head;
  • the push rod performs a circumferential rotational motion while performing an axial motion in the guiding mechanism
  • the actuator moves axially in the guide mechanism, and through the relative movement between the push rod and the actuator in the first state, the push rod and the actuator are installed and removed.
  • one end of the push rod is inserted into the guide mechanism from an end away from the forceps head, and is detachably connected to the execution device passing through the opening of the forceps head.
  • the guide mechanism includes an inner sleeve, the inner sleeve is provided with a first guide portion, and the push rod is provided with a third guide portion corresponding to the first guide portion;
  • the push rod Under the cooperation of the first guide portion and the third guide portion, the push rod performs a circumferential rotational motion while performing an axial motion in the inner sleeve.
  • the first guide portion is a first protrusion disposed on the inner wall of the inner sleeve
  • the third guide portion is disposed on the outer wall of the push rod along the axial direction
  • a first groove formed by a curved line, or the first guide portion is a first groove formed on the inner wall of the inner sleeve and extended along an axial curve, and the third guide portion is provided on the The first protrusion on the outer wall of the push rod; through the movement of the first protrusion in the first groove, the push rod performs a circumferential rotational motion while the axial motion is performed in the inner sleeve.
  • the first groove is preferably a curved groove extending along an axial curve, such as a spiral groove.
  • the push rod in the second state, moves axially in the guide mechanism.
  • the inner sleeve is provided with a second guide portion
  • the push rod is provided with a fourth guide portion corresponding to the second guide portion
  • the second guide portion and the fourth guide portion are provided on the push rod. Under the cooperation of the inner sleeve, the push rod moves axially in the inner sleeve.
  • the second guide portion is a second protrusion arranged on the inner sleeve in the axial direction, and the fourth guide portion is provided on the push rod corresponding to the the second groove of the second protrusion; or, the second guide portion is a second groove arranged on the inner sleeve in the axial direction, and the fourth guide portion is provided on the push rod Corresponding to the second protrusion of the second groove, the push rod moves axially in the inner sleeve through the movement of the second protrusion in the second groove.
  • the second groove can be a straight groove.
  • the guide mechanism further includes a guide support, on which is provided a limit support portion arranged in parallel with the axial direction of the inner sleeve, the limit support portion It is a straight groove, one end of the actuator is open, and the side walls of the open end of the actuator abut against the inner walls on both sides of the straight groove, and reciprocate axially along the inner walls on both sides of the straight groove, and After the proximal end of the execution device passes through the straight groove, it is detachably connected with the distal end of the push rod.
  • the strip-shaped protrusion passes through the open end of the execution device, and two sides of the strip-shaped protrusion respectively abut against two side walls of the execution device, and the execution device is located in the strip-shaped protrusion.
  • the reciprocating axial movement is carried out under the cooperation of the convex guide.
  • the strip-shaped protrusions play a guiding role; preferably, when the actuator is a blade, especially when the blade is relatively thin, the strip-shaped protrusions play a guiding role, and can also play a role in preventing the deformation of the open end of the blade, In particular, both sides of the open end of the blade are prevented from opening and retracting.
  • the execution device is a blade
  • the blade is an open long flat structure
  • the first connecting mechanism is a concave blade engaging portion
  • the second connecting mechanism is corresponding to the blade card
  • the execution device is a blade, and when the blade is installed, after the push rod passes through the first state and the second state, the push rod rotates to a certain angle in the first direction to avoid the blade Axial movement of the first connecting mechanism; the blade is inserted into the inner sleeve from the opening of the pliers head through the guide support, moves axially to the second connecting mechanism, and continues to move away from the pliers The opening direction of the head is pushed until the first connecting mechanism of the blade is in contact with the second connecting mechanism on the push rod, and the push rod is rotated to a certain angle in the second direction after the second state, and the A connecting mechanism is completely clamped with the second connecting mechanism to realize the installation of the blade and the push rod;
  • the push rod In the working state, the push rod enters the first state, and the blade moves axially together with the push rod;
  • the purpose of the detachable medical instrument provided by the present invention is to realize the installation and removal of the cutting blade from the jaw part of the forceps head and the push rod, and to replace the cutting blade. But in the process of use, the whole instrument has two states: one is the state of installation and disassembly and replacement, and the other is the normal working state.
  • the blade clamping part and the push rod clamping part are stuck with each other and are in a clamped state, and the push rod makes a linear motion through the mutual cooperation of the second guide part and the fourth guide part, and at the same time,
  • the blade is limited in the groove of the guide support, and at this time the blade can only reciprocate linearly under the driving of the push rod.
  • the detachable medical instrument proposed by the present invention has a simple and convenient tool changing process and is easy to operate.
  • the device of the present invention can be cleaned after disassembly, especially all parts except the blade can be reused after cleaning and sterilization.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a detachable medical device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a detachable medical device in an embodiment of the present invention (the handle, the blade body and the blade are disassembled).
  • FIG. 4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a detachable medical device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a detachable medical device taking out a blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a partially exploded schematic view of a detachable medical device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a detachable medical device blade and a guide support in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a guide support member in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a blade in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a blade in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a blade in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a detachable forceps head of a medical device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a detachable medical device according to an embodiment of the present invention (the process of cutting out the knife).
  • FIG. 15 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 14 .
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the pusher bar and the blade according to an embodiment of the present invention (the pusher bar pusher surface pushes the pushed surface of the blade).
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the pusher bar and the blade in an embodiment of the present invention (the first connection mechanism/the pusher bar clamping part cooperates with the second connection mechanism/blade clamping part).
  • FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 17 .
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the second groove and the second protrusion of the detachable medical device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a detachable medical device in an embodiment of the present invention (returning process).
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of pushing the pusher bar to move in a straight line in a direction away from the pliers head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a state in which the first connection mechanism/knife-push bar clamping part and the second connection mechanism/blade clamping part are clamped according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a state in which the second groove and the second protrusion are matched according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 25 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the pusher bar, the blade and the inner sleeve in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 26 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a detachable push rod for a medical device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 27 is a schematic diagram of the first protrusion entering the first groove and the rotation of the push rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of the disengagement of the first connection mechanism/knife-push rod clamping part and the second connection mechanism/blade clamping part in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 29 is a view from the direction A of FIG. 28 .
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of the relative position between the pusher bar and the inner sleeve after the pusher bar is rotated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of an initial push-in state of the pusher bar according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of locking the push rod and the blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 33 is a view from the direction A of FIG. 32 .
  • FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 34 .
  • FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 34 .
  • connection mechanism/push rod clamping part is a schematic diagram of the first connection mechanism/push rod clamping part and the second connection mechanism/blade clamping part being completely clamped according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of the clamping/clamping between the push rod and the blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 38 .
  • FIG. 41 is a partial schematic diagram of a completed blade installation in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pusher bar in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 43 is a schematic structural diagram of the first connecting mechanism/push rod clamping portion in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 44 is a schematic structural diagram of a latching mechanism of a pusher bar according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 45 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner sleeve in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 46 is a cross-sectional view of an inner sleeve in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 47 is an axial view of the inner sleeve in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • helicoidal motion is a space transformation, which refers to the product of a rotation in space and a translation transformation whose moving direction is parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the distal end is the end away from the handle 1
  • the proximal end is the end close to the handle 1 .
  • the first state and the second state in the description can be either the state of the pusher bar 22 or the state of the buckle mechanism 220 (wherein the buckle mechanism 220 belongs to a part of the pusher bar).
  • the present invention discloses a detachable medical device, the detachable medical device includes a handle 1, a transmission device (including a blade body 2) and an execution device (including a blade 3) (refer to FIG. 3 ), as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 of the present invention
  • a transmission device including a blade body 2
  • an execution device including a blade 3
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 of the present invention A schematic diagram of the structure of the detachable medical instrument from the whole to the detachment, wherein, one end of the transmission device is detachably connected to the handle 1, and the other end is detachably connected to the execution device.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 it is a schematic structural diagram of the detachable medical device of the present invention in which the actuator is disassembled from the transmission device in an embodiment of the present invention
  • the transmission device may be a power transmission structure including a blade body 2
  • the execution device can be a distal end effector that cuts tissue according to the power transmitted by the transmission device.
  • the execution device includes a blade 3.
  • one end of the blade body 2 is detachably connected to the handle 1, and the other end is detachably connected to the handle 1.
  • a blade 3 is connected (refer to FIG. 4 ), wherein the blade 3 is used to cut human tissue, especially in the case of using electrosurgical instruments to cut off the closure band after closing the blood vessel during surgery.
  • the execution device may also be a structure such as scissors, forceps, forceps, and the like.
  • the transmission device includes a guide mechanism and a push rod (knife push rod 22 ), and the proximal end of the execution device includes a forceps head 25 .
  • One end of the guide mechanism can be detachably connected to the handle, the pliers head 25 can be opened and closed near the other end of the guide mechanism, and the push rod (push knife rod 22) is set in the guide mechanism and can move in the guide mechanism,
  • the push rod (the push rod 22 ) can be detachably connected with the execution device (blade 3 ) passing through the opening of the forceps head.
  • the push rod (the push rod 22 ) performs a circumferential rotational motion while performing an axial motion in the guide mechanism.
  • the actuator moves axially in the guide mechanism, the actuator can be installed or removed from the push rod through the relative movement between the actuator and the push rod (push rod 22 ) in the first state.
  • the guide mechanism further includes an inner sleeve 21 .
  • One end of the guide mechanism including the inner sleeve 21 (as shown in FIG. 4 , the proximal end of the inner sleeve 21 ) is detachably connected to the handle 1, and the forceps head 25 is openably and closably provided on the other end of the guide mechanism including the inner sleeve 21. (the distal end of the inner cannula 21 in Figure 4).
  • the push rod (push rod 22) is arranged in the inner sleeve 21 of the guide mechanism, and when installing the push rod, first insert the push rod (push rod 22) into the inner sleeve 21 from the end away from the pliers head 25 (such as 4), so as to be able to be detachably connected with the blade 3 passing through the opening of the forceps head 25.
  • the distal end of the blade 3 is used for cutting, and the proximal end is detachably connected with the pusher rod 22 and assembled together inside the inner sleeve 21 of the guiding mechanism of the blade body 2; wherein, the distal end of the blade 3 is the end away from the handle 1 , the proximal end of the blade 3 is the end close to the handle 1 (as shown in Figure 5).
  • the guide mechanism may also be in other structural forms including the inner sleeve 21
  • the push rod may be in other structural forms including the pusher rod 22 , and the specific structural form is not limited herein.
  • the pusher rod 22 performs an axial movement in the inner sleeve 21 (guide mechanism) and a circumferential rotational motion to realize the installation and removal of the proximal end of the push rod and the distal end of the actuator.
  • the pusher rod 22 moves axially in the inner sleeve 21 .
  • the first state it can refer to the state in which the proximal end of the blade 3 and the distal end of the pusher bar 22 are in contact from the beginning until the installation is completed, driven by the axial movement and the circumferential rotational movement of the pusher bar 22, It can also refer to the state in which the proximal end of the blade 3 and the distal end of the pusher bar 22 are released from the beginning to the separation completed under the driving of the axial movement and the circumferential rotational movement of the pusher bar 22; in the second state, both It can include the process of initially moving the push rod 22 in the direction close to the forceps head 25 (axially towards the distal end) and into the inner sleeve 21 of the guide mechanism in the axial direction.
  • the contact may also include a state in which the pusher bar 22 moves along the axial direction to drive the installed blade 3 to work together after the installation of the pusher bar 22 and the blade 3 is completed.
  • the motion state of the blade 3 is not included.
  • the movement state of 3 is mainly the movement state of the axial installation towards the proximal end and/or the movement state of complete disassembly/detachment towards the distal end.
  • the installation and disassembly of the blade 3 and the pusher bar 22 can be completed;
  • the cooperation of the pusher bar 22 controls the relative movement between the distal end of the pusher bar 22 and the proximal end of the blade 3 (the axial movement is performed at the same time as a circumferential rotational motion). , including but not limited to helical motion), so as to realize the installation and removal of the pusher bar 22 and the blade 3 .
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a detachable medical device blade and a guide support in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the inner sleeve 21 may further include a guide blade 3 for reciprocating linear motion in the axial direction.
  • the guide support 24 also referred to as a blade support
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the guide support in an axial section in an embodiment of the present invention, and the guide support 24 is provided with the inner sleeve 21
  • the limit support portion (linear groove 241) arranged in parallel with the axial direction.
  • the limiting support portion is a linear groove 241 ; correspondingly, one end of the blade 3 is open, and the side walls of the open end (the proximal end of the blade 3 ) of the blade 3 are respectively abutted against the linear groove 241
  • the inner walls on both sides of the blade 3 can reciprocate axially under the guidance of the linear groove 241, and after its proximal end passes through the linear groove 241, the distal end of the pusher rod 22 passing through the inner sleeve 21 can be connected with each other. Remove the connection.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a blade in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG.
  • one end (proximal end) of the blade 3 is provided with an opening, that is, the blade 3 presents a long U-shaped flat structure with an opening (of course It can also be other structures), when the strip protrusion 242 is matched with the blade 3, the strip protrusion 242 passes through the open end of the blade 3 and its two sides abut the two side walls of the actuator, so that the strip
  • the shaped protrusions 242 are arranged in the hollow area of the blade 3, that is, the blade 3 is a U-shaped blade, and the strip-shaped protrusions 242 are sandwiched between the two side walls of the blade 3, so as to further strengthen the guidance of the U-shaped blade. , the deformation of the blade 3 can also be prevented.
  • the inner sleeve 21 , the guide support 24 and the forceps head 25 may be formed in an integral structure or a structure in which a plurality of components are assembled into an integral structure.
  • FIGS. 10 to 11 are schematic views of the proximal end of the blade detachably connected to the pusher bar 22 according to an embodiment of the present invention; please refer to FIGS. 9 to 11 together, the open end (proximal end) of the blade 3 is provided with a first A connecting mechanism (buckling structure 31 ), wherein, the first connecting mechanism (buckling structure 31 ) is a snap-fitting mechanism formed by an inner wall recessed radially outward, the snap-fit structure 31 includes a blade snap-on portion 32 and The blade is pushed against the face 33 (refer to FIGS. 10 and 11 ).
  • the buckle structure 31 that realizes the detachable connection with the pusher bar 22 includes a buckle mechanism formed by a depression in the middle (refer to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 ).
  • a locking mechanism 220 corresponding to the locking structure 31 is provided at the distal end of the pusher bar 22 to be able to connect with the locking mechanism 31 .
  • the clip structure 31 at the proximal end of the blade 3 is connected and clipped or disassembled and separated.
  • 42 to 44 are schematic views of the structure of the push rod in an embodiment of the present invention; please refer to FIGS. 42 to 44 , in an embodiment of the present invention, the latching mechanism 220 is provided with a push rod latching portion 223 and On the blade pushing surface 224 (refer to FIGS. 43 and 44 ), the latching mechanism 220 can latch the latching structure 31 of the blade 3 .
  • the buckle mechanism 220 When the snap mechanism 220 is in the second position interval of the inner sleeve 21 (corresponding to the above-mentioned first state, it may include the state in which the blade 3 is contacted by the pusher bar 22 from the beginning to the completion of installation, and the blade 3 and the pusher bar 22 From the beginning of the separation to the state of separation completion), the buckle mechanism 220 can perform an axial movement under the restriction of the inner sleeve 21 and at the same time perform a circumferential rotational movement (also known as a helical movement) to be compatible with the buckle structure. 31 is clamped or disengaged, so that the blade 3 can be installed or removed.
  • the buckle structure 31 includes two L-shaped connection mechanisms.
  • the distal end of the pusher bar 22 is provided with an inverted L-shaped connection mechanism corresponding to the L-shaped connection mechanism.
  • the state when the buckle mechanism 31 is engaged with the pusher rod 22 can be referred to as shown in FIG. 38 .
  • the blade body 2 further includes a reset mechanism 23 , wherein the reset mechanism 23 is arranged in the inner sleeve 21 , and the reset mechanism 23 cooperates with the pusher rod 22 to enable the The pusher bar 22 is actively reset.
  • the reset mechanism 23 is a reset spring.
  • the reset mechanism 23 in the working state of pushing the pusher bar 22 to the distal end after the detachable medical device is installed, the reset mechanism 23 is in a stretched state. The reset force for the pusher bar 22 to move toward the proximal end is provided, and the pusher bar 22 is at the farthest end after the cutting is completed. At this time, the pusher bar 22 receives the largest reset force.
  • the pusher bar 22 moves toward the proximal end under the proximal reset force generated by the reset mechanism 23 and returns to the initial position when the knife is ejected.
  • the inner sleeve 21 is provided with a first guide portion that guides the pusher rod 22 to perform axial movement and rotates at the same time.
  • the pusher rod 22 There is a third guide portion corresponding to the first guide portion. Under the cooperation of the first guide portion and the third guide portion, the pusher rod 22 can perform an axial movement in the inner sleeve and a circumferential rotational movement at the same time.
  • the first guide portion may be a first protrusion 212 provided on the inner wall of the inner sleeve, and preferably, the first protrusion 212 may be a cylindrical protrusion (as shown in FIGS.
  • the third guide portion can be a first groove 222 (as shown in FIG. 22 ) formed on the outer wall of the pusher bar 22 and extending along an axial curve, preferably , the first groove 222 can be a spiral groove, and of course can also be other structures.
  • the pusher rod 22 can perform an axial movement in the inner sleeve 21 and a circumferential rotational movement at the same time.
  • the first guide portion is a first groove 222 formed on the inner wall of the inner sleeve 21 and extending along an axial curve
  • the third guide portion is a groove 222 provided on the outer wall of the push rod.
  • the working principle of the first protrusion 212 is the same as above.
  • the inner sleeve 21 is internally provided with There is a second guide part, wherein the second guide part can be a second protrusion 211 arranged on the inner sleeve in the axial direction, the second protrusion 211 can be a linear protrusion, of course, it can also be other structures.
  • the second guide part can be a second protrusion 211 arranged on the inner sleeve in the axial direction
  • the second protrusion 211 can be a linear protrusion, of course, it can also be other structures.
  • the rod is provided with a fourth guide part corresponding to the second guide part (it can be a second groove 221 corresponding to the second protrusion 211 on the push rod, the second groove 221 can be a straight groove, of course, it can also be other structures) , Under the cooperation of the second protrusion 211 and the second groove 221 , the pusher rod 22 moves axially in the inner sleeve 21 .
  • the second protrusion 211 is an extension part arranged in parallel in the axial direction, and the outer wall of the axial side part of the extension part abuts the two side wall parts of the second groove 221 , and further, the extension part is connected to the two side walls of the second groove 221 .
  • the two side walls contacted by the second groove 221 may also be provided with linear guide stripes to further limit the position of the pusher bar 22 to prevent it from rotating, which is not specifically limited; in other embodiments, the second protrusion 211 also It can be a strip-shaped protrusion arranged in the axial direction.
  • first slot 222 and the second slot 221 can be disposed at the distal end of the push rod 22 together with the locking mechanism 220 , and the locking mechanism 220 is located near the most distal end of the push rod 22 .
  • the buckle mechanism 220 is in a first state (a state in which the first protrusion 212 is located in the first groove 222 and a state in which the second protrusion 211 is separated from the second groove 221 ).
  • a set force such as a force to the distal side or the proximal side
  • the first groove 222 and the first protrusion A relative sliding occurs between the lifters 212, so that the locking mechanism 220 can spirally move toward the distal end or toward the proximal end (as shown in FIG. 27 and FIG. 28 ).
  • the pusher bar 22 buckleling mechanism 220
  • the The second groove 221 restricts and guides the two protrusions 211 , and the locking mechanism 220 on the pusher bar 22 moves in the axial direction (as shown in FIG. 31 ).
  • the detachable medical device further includes a first critical point and a second critical point.
  • the detachable medical device realizes the switching between the first state and the second state through the conversion of the different state critical points, that is, the axial movement and the helical movement of the pusher bar 22 (of course, it can also be Other forms of switching between "circumferential motion with axial motion").
  • the first protrusion 212 is located at the farthest port of the first groove 222 (ie, the distal end of the first groove 222 ), while the second protrusion 211 is located at the end of the second groove 221 .
  • the pusher bar 22 in this state includes the state ending from the second state and starting from the first state, and also includes ending from the first state and ending the second state. state at the beginning.
  • the first protrusion 212 is located at the innermost end of the first groove 222 (ie, the proximal end of the first groove 222 ).
  • the state at the end of a state (as shown in FIG. 27 and FIG. 34 ), at this time, the second protrusion 211 is far away from the second groove 221 .
  • the pusher rod 22 cannot continue to the distal end relative to the blade 3. move.
  • the pusher bar 22 When the blade face 224 is in contact, the pusher bar 22 is at the second critical point (the first protrusion 212 is located at the innermost end of the first groove 222 ); During this process, the pusher bar 22 enters the first state from the first critical point, and the pusher bar 22 (the farthest end of the pusher bar 22 ) performs a helical motion relative to the blade 3 (the most proximal end of the blade 3 ). At this time, the blade 3 The buckle structure 31 is gradually locked by the buckle mechanism 220, that is, in the process, the push rod 22 spirally moves, the blade 3 moves axially, and the circumferential displacement occurs between the buckle structure 31 and the buckle mechanism 220 at the same time. Axial displacement occurs.
  • the push rod clamping part 223 and the blade clamping part 32 are gradually clamped from the beginning of contact to realize the completion of the installation of the blade 3; it can be understood that the clamping structure 31 and the clamping mechanism 220 are gradually clamped
  • the contact surface can be an inclined surface that smoothly realizes the relative motion, which is not specifically limited.
  • the push rod 22 When the blade 3 is disassembled, the push rod 22 returns to the initial state of the knife through axial movement (moves toward the proximal end in the axial direction) and is at the second critical point; Therefore, when the pusher bar 22 is pushed by the force toward the proximal end, the pusher bar 223 exerts a thrust toward the proximal end to the blade engagement portion 32, so that the pusher bar 22 is pushed by the second critical force.
  • the medical device is in the state of starting to remove the blade 3 (the push rod clamping part 223 begins to separate from the blade clamping part 32). In the first state, the push rod 22 is in the first protrusion 212 performs a helical motion under the guidance of the first groove 222.
  • the push rod engaging portion 223 of the push rod 22 is gradually separated from the blade engaging portion 32 due to the helical movement of the push rod 22.
  • the separation of the blade clamping part 32 of the blade 3 and the pusher clamping part 223 of the pusher bar 22 is completed (at least completely disengaged in the circumferential direction), at this time the blade 3 Disassembly of the blade 3 is effected by axial movement towards the distal end (opposite the direction of movement of the installation) to be removed.
  • the part where the blade clamping part 32 and the push rod clamping part 223 are installed and separated is outside the inner sleeve 21 , so the inner sleeve 21 does not affect the installation and removal of the blade 3 .
  • the pusher bar 22 enters the second state again after the first state ends (the pusher bar 22 moves in the axial direction), at this time, Since the blade 3 is mounted on the pusher bar 22, the pusher face 224 pushes the pushed face 33 to move axially toward or away from the pliers head (as shown in Figures 14 to 16), that is, the blade 3 moves along with the pusher.
  • the cutter bars 22 move together in an axially distal direction.
  • the blade clamping part 32 is matched with the push rod clamping part 223 , the blade 3 cannot be separated from the push rod 22 (as shown in FIG. 17 and FIG.
  • the pusher rod 22 When the detachable medical instrument is in the knife-returning state under the action of the reset mechanism 23, the pusher rod 22 is in the second state (the pusher rod 22 moves in the axial direction), and at this time, the push rod clamping part 223 is caught in the blade clamping part 32 to drive the blade 3 to move axially in the inner sleeve 21 in the direction away from the forceps head 25 (as shown in Figures 20 and 21 ) until it returns to the initial state when the blade is drawn. In this state, the blade clamping portion 32 is matched with the push rod clamping portion 223 , the blade 3 cannot be separated from the push rod 22 (as shown in FIG.
  • the inner sleeve 21 has a second protrusion 211 in the straight groove 221 Inside, the rotation of the pusher bar 22 is restricted (as shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 ), and the blade 3 is restricted by the guide support 24 and cannot rotate.
  • the process of installing the blade in the detachable medical device of the present invention is as follows:
  • the pusher bar 22 when the pusher bar 22 starts to be pushed into the inner sleeve 21, the pusher bar 22 is in the second state (the pusher bar 22 moves axially); after entering the first critical point, it enters the first state, At this time, the push rod 22 spirally moves in the axial direction, and finally enters the second critical point.
  • the push rod 22 by rotating the push rod 22 along the axial center axis by a certain angle, so that the locking mechanism 220 is rotated in the circumferential direction so that the push rod clamping portion 223 completely avoids the movement space of the blade 3 (as shown in FIG. 29 ). In order to further realize the installation with the blade engaging portion 32 of the blade 3 .
  • the first protrusion 212 of the inner sleeve 21 is guided by the first groove 222 (shown in FIG. 38 ) on the pusher bar 22 to allow the pusher bar 22 to perform a circumferential rotational movement while moving axially. ; And the blade 3 cannot rotate under the restriction of the limit support portion (linear groove 241) of the guide support 24.
  • the first protrusion 212 of the inner sleeve 21 moves toward the proximal end along the distal exit of the first groove 222 of the pusher bar 22, so as to finally realize the clamping of the blade by the pushed surface 33 and the pusher surface 224 ( As shown in FIG. 40 ), at the same time, the second protrusion 211 of the inner sleeve 21 is disengaged from the second groove 221 of the push rod 22 (as shown in FIG. 26 ).
  • the process of disassembling the blade of the detachable medical device of the present invention is as follows:
  • the push rod clamping part 223 since the push rod clamping part 223 is in contact with the blade clamping part 32, the push rod clamping part 223 exerts a proximal thrust on the blade clamping part 32, and the blade 3 follows the push rod 22 to the proximal end along the axis to movement.
  • the second groove 221 of the pusher bar 22 is matched with the second protrusion 211 of the inner sleeve 21, and the blade 3 is restricted in the set groove by the guide support 24, the blade 3 and the The pusher bar 22 can only move axially.
  • the second groove 221 of the pusher bar 22 is disengaged from the second protrusion 211 of the inner sleeve 21 , and at the same time, the first protrusion 212 on the inner sleeve 21 meets the first groove 222 on the pusher bar 22 (as shown in Figure 26 and Figure 27).
  • the push rod 22 After passing the second critical point, the push rod 22 enters the first state, and the push rod 22 spirally moves to the distal end until the push rod clamping part 223 is separated from the blade clamping part 32 (at least the circumferential separation is achieved) ) At this time, the pusher bar 22 is at the first critical point (the first protrusion 212 is disengaged from the first groove 222 on the pusher bar 22 ), and the blade 3 is disassembled by moving the blade 3 out in the axial direction.
  • the pusher bar 22 when the pusher bar 22 is at the second critical point, the separation of the blade 3 from the locking mechanism 220 is completed. Since a part of the blade 3 is outside the inner sleeve 21, the blade 3 can be smoothly removed. Furthermore, at this time, the pusher bar 22 can be further restricted from moving to the distal end in the axial direction, that is, the pusher bar 22 can no longer move to the distal end, so as to prevent the blade 3 and the locking mechanism 220 from affecting the blade 3 due to interference. the smooth disassembly.
  • the detachable medical instrument of the present invention may be a high-frequency electrosurgical surgical instrument; in the operation process, its use method is the same as that of the existing high-frequency electrosurgical surgical instrument.
  • a scalpel When a scalpel is required, install the blade into the blade as described above.
  • the medical staff can adjust the position of the blade through the handle; for example, during the operation, the handle can be held, and the blade can be extended to perform the surgical operation; after the instrument is used, the handle can be released, and the blade can be retracted .
  • the blade only needs to be taken out according to the above-mentioned operation of disassembling the blade, and other components of the high-frequency electrosurgical surgical instrument can be reused after cleaning and sterilization.
  • the detachable medical instrument proposed by the present invention can improve the reusability of some parts of the instrument because the components can be fully disassembled.
  • the detachable installation of the (push rod) makes the replacement process of the parts to be replaced simple, convenient and easy to operate.
  • Most of the components of the device of the present invention can be reused, the device can be disassembled and then cleaned, and the components except the blade and other executive components can be reused after cleaning and sterilization.

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Abstract

一种可拆卸医疗器械，包括：手柄（1）、传动装置及执行装置，传动装置的一端可拆卸地连接于手柄（1），另一端可拆卸地连接执行装置；传动装置包括导向机构和推杆，执行装置的近端设有钳头（25）；导向机构的一端能与手柄（1）可拆卸连接；钳头（25）可开合地设于导向机构的另一端附近；推杆可移动地设置于导向机构内，并与穿过钳头（25）的开口的执行装置可拆卸连接；第一状态下，推杆在导向机构内做轴向运动的同时做周向旋转运动；执行装置在导向机构内轴向运动，通过执行装置与第一状态下的推杆之间的相对运动，实现推杆与执行装置的安装和拆卸。该器械各部件可充分拆卸后清洗，尤其是可将除刀片（3）外的零部件拆卸从而都可经清洗、灭菌后重复使用。

Description

可拆卸医疗器械 技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械技术领域，涉及一种医疗器械，尤其涉及一种可拆卸医疗器械。
背景技术
高频电外科手术器械用于手术过程中的电凝止血和/或切割组织的外科手术器械。高频电外科手术器械通常包括枪式和钳式两种结构。高频电外科手术器械的作用原理主要是通过前端两个夹钳对血管进行夹持和物理加压，同时由高频能量发生器提供高频电能，传递至器械前端的金属夹钳，使得血管内的胶原蛋白和纤维蛋白溶解变性融合在一起，使血管闭合。血管被闭合后，可直接出刀切断闭合带，因此极大地缩短了手术时间，减少出血，将手术风险降至最低。因其相对于传统的缝线结扎的高效性和可靠性而被广泛应用于外科手术。
现有的高频电外科手术器械多是一次性使用的器械，完成一台手术后就废弃，使用成本较高。若为降低使用成本做成可重复使用的器械，则一方面需要考虑零部件的使用寿命问题，通常将使用寿命短、易磨损、易腐蚀且使用成本较低的零部件做成一次性使用的，而将使用寿命长、可靠性高、成本较高的零部件做成可重复使用的；另一方面需考虑手术完成后器械的清洗消毒灭菌问题。因此，器械的设计需保证能够方便将前次手术后流进器械管腔内的血液或组织液清洗干净，否则，即便电外科手术器械的结构与性能依然良好，也不能被再次使用。
有鉴于此，如今迫切需要设计一种可拆卸医疗器械，以便克服现有可拆卸医疗器械存在的上述缺陷。
发明内容
本发明提供一种可拆卸医疗器械，让换刀过程简单、方便，易于操作。
为解决上述技术问题，根据本发明的一个方面，采用如下技术方案：
一种可拆卸医疗器械，包括：手柄、传动装置及执行装置，所述传动装置的一端可拆卸地连接于所述手柄，另一端可拆卸地连接所述执行装置；所述传动装置包括导向机构和推杆，所述执行装置的近端设有钳头；
所述导向机构的一端与所述手柄固定；所述钳头可开合地设于所述导向机构的另一端附近；
所述推杆可移动地设置于所述导向机构内，并与穿过所述钳头的开口的所述执行装置可拆卸连接；
第一状态下，所述推杆在所述导向机构内做轴向运动的同时做周向旋转运动；
所述执行装置在所述导向机构内轴向运动，通过所述推杆与第一状态下的所述执行装置之间的相对运动，实现所述推杆与所述执行装置的安装和拆卸。
优选地，其中所述推杆的一端由远离所述钳头的一端插入所述导向机构，并与穿过所述钳头开口的所述执行装置可拆卸连接。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述导向机构包括内套管，所述内套管内设有第一导向部，所述推杆上设有对应所述第一导向部的第三导向部；
在第一导向部和第三导向部的配合下，所述推杆在所述内套管内做轴向运动的同时做周向旋转运动。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述第一导向部为设于所述内套管内壁上的第一凸起，所述第三导向部为设于所述推杆外壁上且沿轴向曲线延伸而成的第一槽，或者，所述第一导向部为设于所述内套管内壁上且沿轴向曲线延伸而成的第一槽，所述第三导向部为设于所述推杆外壁上的第一凸起；通过第一凸起在第一槽内的运动，所述推杆在所述内套管内做轴向运动的同时做周向旋转运动。其中，第一槽优选为沿轴向曲线延伸而成的曲线槽，如螺旋槽等。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，第二状态下，所述推杆在所述导向机构内做轴向运动。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述内套管内设有第二导向部，所述推杆上设有对应所述第二导向部的第四导向部，在第二导向部及第四导向部的配合下，所述推杆在所述内套管内做轴向运动。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述第二导向部为设于所述内套管上沿轴向布设的第二凸起，所述第四导向部为设于所述推杆上对应所述第二凸起的第二槽；或者，所述第二导向部为设于所述内套管上沿轴向布设的第二槽，所述第四导向部为设于所述推杆上对应所述第二槽的第二凸起，通过第二凸起在第二槽内的运动，所述推杆在所述内套管内做轴向运动。其中，第二槽可为直线槽。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述导向机构还包括导向支撑件，所述导向支撑件上设有与所述内套管的轴向平行布设的限位支撑部，所述限位支撑部为直线槽，所述执行装置的一端开口，所述执行装置的开口端侧壁抵接所述直线槽的两侧内壁，且沿所述直线槽的两侧内壁做往复的轴向运动，并在所述执行装置的近端穿过所述直线槽后与所述推杆的远端可拆卸连接。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述条状凸起穿过所述执行装置的开口端且其两侧分别抵接所述执行装置的两侧壁部，所述执行装置在所述条状凸起的导向配合下做往复的轴向运动。其中，条状凸起起到导向的作用；优选地，在执行装置为刀片，尤其刀片比较薄时，条状凸起处理起到导向的作用，还能起到防止刀片开口端变形的作用，尤其是防止刀片开口端的两侧部张开和内缩。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述执行装置为刀片，所述执行装置的一端开口，所述执行装置的开口端设有第一连接机构，所述推杆上设有对应第一连接机构的第二连接机构，通过所述推杆第一状态和第二状态下的运动配合，实现所述第一连接机构与所述第二连接机构的安装和拆卸。其中，所述执行装置为刀片，所述刀片为一开口的长型扁平结构，所述第一连接机构为内凹而成的刀片卡接部，所述第二连接机构为对应所述刀片卡接部的推杆卡接部，通过第二状态下刀片卡接部与所述推杆卡接部的相对运动，实现所述刀片与所述执行装置的安装和拆卸。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，执行装置为刀片，在安装刀片时，所述推杆经第一状态、第二状态后，所述推杆朝第一方向旋转一定角度以避让所述刀片的第一连接机构的轴向运动；所述刀片从所述钳头的开口经所述导向支撑件插入所述内套管、沿轴向移动至所述第二连接机构后继续朝远离所述钳头的开口方向推动，直至所述刀片的第一连接机构与所述推杆上的第二连接机构抵接，将所述推杆经第二状态后朝第二方向旋转一定角度，所述第一连接机构与所述第二连接机构完全卡紧，实现所述刀片与所述推杆的安装；
在工作状态时，所述推杆进入第一状态，所述刀片随所述推杆一起做轴向运动；
在拆卸刀片时，沿轴向朝靠近所述钳头的开口方向推动所述推杆，所述推杆依次经过第一状态、第二状态后，将所述推杆相对所述刀片卡接部朝所述第一方向旋转一定角度，所述推杆的第二连接机构与所述刀片的第一连接机构完全脱离，将所述刀片从所述推杆上拆卸后经所述钳口取出，完成所述刀片的拆卸。
具体地，本发明提供的可拆卸医疗器械的宗旨在于：实现切割刀片从钳头的钳口部位与推刀杆实现安装和拆卸，从对切割刀片进行更换。但在使用过程中，整个器械有2种状态：一种是安装及拆卸更换状态，另一种是正常工作状态。
更为具体地，正常工作状态下：刀片卡接部与推杆卡接部相互卡住而处于卡紧状态，推杆通过第二导向部与第四导向部的相互配合做直线运动，同时，刀片被限制在导向支撑件的槽中，此时刀片只能在推杆的带动下作直线往复运动。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明提出的可拆卸医疗器械，换刀过程简单、方便，易于操 作。本发明器械可拆卸后清洗，尤其是除刀片外的所有零部件都可实现经清洗、灭菌后重复使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械的结构示意图。
图2为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械的结构示意图(手柄与刀身拆卸)。
图3为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械的结构示意图(手柄、刀身及刀片拆卸)。
图4为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械的部分结构示意图。
图5为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械取出刀片的示意图。
图6为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械的部分分解示意图。
图7为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械刀片与导向支撑件的结构示意图。
图8为本发明一实施例中导向支撑件的结构示意图。
图9为本发明一实施例中刀片的结构示意图。
图10为本发明一实施例中刀片的部分结构示意图。
图11为本发明一实施例中刀片的部分结构示意图。
图12为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械的部分结构示意图。
图13为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械钳头的结构示意图。
图14为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械的部分结构示意图(出刀过程)。
图15为图14的局部放大图。
图16为本发明一实施例中推刀杆与刀片配合的示意图(推刀杆推刀面推动刀片被推面)。
图17为本发明一实施例中推刀杆与刀片配合的示意图(第一连接机构/推刀杆卡接部与第二连接机构/刀片卡接部配合)。
图18为图17的A-A向剖视图。
图19为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械第二槽与第二凸起配合的示意图。
图20为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械的部分结构示意图(回刀过程)。
图21为本发明一实施例中推动推刀杆远离钳头方向作直线运动的结构示意图。
图22为本发明一实施例中第一连接机构/推刀杆卡接部与第二连接机构/刀片卡接部卡住状态的示意图。
图23为本发明一实施例中第二槽与第二凸起配合状态的示意图。
图24为图23的A-A向剖视图。
图25为本发明一实施例中推刀杆与刀片、内套管相对位置的示意图。
图26为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械推刀杆的部分结构示意图。
图27为本发明一实施例中第一凸起进入第一槽、推刀杆发生旋转的示意图。
图28为本发明一实施例中第一连接机构/推刀杆卡接部与第二连接机构/刀片卡接部相脱离的示意图。
图29为图28的A向视图。
图30为本发明一实施例中推刀杆旋转后推刀杆与内套管之间相对位置示意图。
图31为本发明一实施例中推刀杆初始推入状态的示意图。
图32为本发明一实施例中推刀杆与刀片锁定的示意图。
图33为图32的A向视图。
图34为本发明一实施例中推刀杆与刀片配合的结构示意图。
图35为图34的A-A向剖视图。
图36为图34的B-B向剖视图。
图37为本发明一实施例中第一连接机构/推杆卡接部与第二连接机构/刀片卡接部完全卡住的示意图。
图38为本发明一实施例中推刀杆与刀片卡住/卡接的示意图。
图39为图38的A-A向剖视图。
图40为本发明一实施例中刀片安装完成的局部示意图。
图41为本发明一实施例中刀片安装完成的局部示意图。
图42为本发明一实施例中推刀杆的结构示意图。
图43为本发明一实施例中第一连接机构/推杆卡接部的结构示意图。
图44为本发明一实施例中推刀杆卡扣机构的结构示意图。
图45为本发明一实施例中内套管的结构示意图。
图46为本发明一实施例中内套管的剖视图。
图47为本发明一实施例中内套管的轴向视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的优选实施例。
为了进一步理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行描述，但是应当理 解，这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点，而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。
该部分的描述只针对几个典型的实施例，本发明并不仅局限于实施例描述的范围。相同或相近的现有技术手段与实施例中的一些技术特征进行相互替换也在本发明描述和保护的范围内。
在说明书中，螺旋运动(helicoidal motion)是一种空间变换，指空间中一个旋转和一个移动方向与旋转轴平行的平移变换之积。说明书中的远端为远离手柄1的一端，近端为靠近手柄1的一端。说明书中的第一状态、第二状态既可以是推刀杆22的状态，也可以是卡扣机构220的状态(其中，卡扣机构220属于推刀杆的一部分)。
本发明揭示了一种可拆卸医疗器械，该可拆卸医疗器械包括手柄1、传动装置(包括刀身2)及执行装置(包括刀片3)(参考图3)，如图1至图3为本发明可拆卸医疗器械由整体到拆卸的结构示意图，其中，传动装置的一端可拆卸地连接于手柄1，另一端可拆卸地连接执行装置。
一并参阅图4至图6为本发明可拆卸医疗器械中的在本发明的一实施例中执行装置从传动装置上拆卸的结构示意图，其中，传动装置可以为包括刀身2的动力传输结构，执行装置可以为根据传动装置传输的动力对组织切割的远端端部执行器，可以理解，该执行装置包括刀片3，此时刀身2的一端可拆卸地连接于手柄1，另一端可拆卸地连接刀片3(参考图4)，其中，刀片3以实现对人体组织的切割，尤其是在利用电外科手术器械在手术过程中，通过将血管闭合后再利用刀片切断闭合带的情况。在其他优选实施例中，执行装置还可以为剪、钳、镊等等结构。
进一步，传动装置(刀身2)包括导向机构和推杆(推刀杆22)，执行装置的近端包括钳头25。其中，导向机构的一端能与手柄可拆卸连接，钳头25可开合地设于导向机构的另一端附近，推杆(推刀杆22)设置于导向机构内且可在导向机构内移动，从而能够实现推杆(推刀杆22)与穿过钳头的开口的执行装置(刀片3)可拆卸连接。
在第一状态下，推杆(推刀杆22)在导向机构内做轴向运动的同时做周向旋转运动。当执行装置在导向机构内轴向运动时，通过执行装置与第一状态下的推杆(推刀杆22)之间的相对运动，实现将执行装置从推杆上的安装或拆卸。
在一实施例中，如图4所示，导向机构进一步包括内套管21。
包括内套管21的导向机构的一端(如图4，内套管21的近端)与手柄1可拆卸连接，钳头25可开合地设于包括内套管21的导向机构的另一端(如图4中内套管21的远端)附近。推杆(推刀杆22)设置于导向机构的内套管21内，且在安装推杆时，先将推杆(推刀杆22) 由远离钳头25的一端插入内套管21(如图4所示)，以能与穿过钳头25开口的刀片3可拆卸连接。其中，刀片3的远端用于切割，近端与推刀杆22可拆卸连接且共同组装于刀身2的导向机构的内套管21内部；其中，刀片3的远端为远离手柄1的一端，刀片3的近端为靠近手柄1的一端(如图5所示)。在该实施例中，导向机构还可以为包括内套管21的其他结构形式，推杆可以为包括推刀杆22的其他结构形式，具体结构形式在此不做限制。
在第一状态下，推刀杆22在内套管21(导向机构)内做轴向运动的同时做周向旋转运动，以实现推杆的近端与执行装置的远端的安装和拆卸。在第二状态下，推刀杆22在内套管21内做轴向运动。其中，第一状态下，既可以指在推刀杆22的轴向运动及周向旋转运动带动下、刀片3的近端与推刀杆22的远端从刚开始接触直至安装完成的状态，也可以指在推刀杆22的轴向运动及周向旋转运动带动下、刀片3的近端与推刀杆22的远端从刚开始解除分离至分离完成的状态；第二状态下，既可以包括一开始沿轴向将推刀杆22朝靠近钳头25的方向运动(朝远端轴向)推入导向机构的内套管21的过程，此时，推刀杆22与刀片3不接触，也可以包括在推刀杆22与刀片3安装完成后，推刀杆22沿轴向运动带动与其安装的刀片3一起工作的状态。第一状态和第二状态下，不包括刀片3的运动状态，在将刀片3安装至推刀杆22或从推刀杆22上分离拆卸时，主要靠推刀杆22的运动状态实现，刀片3的运动状态主要为沿轴向朝近端安装时的运动状态和/或朝远端完全拆卸/分离的运动状态。
更详细地，在手柄1与刀身2为分离状态下，可完成刀片3与推刀杆22的安装与拆卸；，此时，刀片3与在内套管21内第一状态与第二状态的推刀杆22的配合(做往复的轴向及旋转运动)，控制推刀杆22的远端与刀片3的近端的连接部位之间的相对运动(轴向运动的同时做周向旋转运动，包括但不限于螺旋运动)，从而实现推刀杆22与刀片3的安装和拆卸。
图7为本发明一实施例中可拆卸医疗器械刀片与导向支撑件的结构示意图，如图6和图7所示，内套管21还可以包括引导刀片3沿轴向做往复的直线运动的导向支撑件24(也称为刀片支撑件)，其中，图8为本发明一实施例中导向支撑件沿轴向剖视的结构示意图，导向支撑件24上设有与所述内套管21的轴向平行布设的限位支撑部(直线槽241)。
在本发明的一实施例中，限位支撑部为直线槽241；与之对应地，刀片3的一端开口，将刀片3的开口端(刀片3的近端)侧壁分别抵接直线槽241的两侧内壁，以在直线槽241的导向下刀片3做往复的轴向运动，并在其近端穿过直线槽241后实现与穿过内套管21的推刀杆22的远端可拆卸连接。
一实施例中，导向支撑件24上还设有条状凸起242，刀片3在条状凸起242的导向配合下轴向运动。图9为本发明一实施例中刀片的结构示意图，如图9所示，刀片3的一端(近 端)设有开口，即刀片3呈现为一设有开口的长U字型扁平结构(当然也可以是其他结构)，在条状凸起242与刀片3配合时，条状凸起242穿过刀片3的开口端且其两侧分别抵接所述执行装置的两侧壁部，使得条状凸起242设置于刀片3的中空区域，也即刀片3为U型刀片，条状凸起242夹设于刀片3的两侧壁之间，以在能进一步加强对U型刀片的导向外，还可防止刀片3的变形。
一实施例中，内套管21、导向支撑件24与钳头25可以为一体成型结构或多个元件组装成一体的结构。
图10至图11为本发明一实施例中与推刀杆22可拆卸连接的刀片的近端结构示意图；请一并参阅图9至图11，刀片3的开口端(近端)设有第一连接机构(卡扣结构31)，其中，第一连接机构(卡扣结构31)为由内壁沿径向向外凹陷而成的卡接机构，该卡扣结构31包括刀片卡接部32与刀片被推面33(参考图10和图11)。实现与推刀杆22可拆卸连接的卡扣结构31包括中间凹陷而成的卡接机构(参考图10和图11)。
请参阅图6、图13、图15、及图21至图41，在本发明的一实施例中，推刀杆22的远端设有对应卡扣结构31的卡扣机构220，以能与刀片3的近端的卡扣结构31连接卡紧或拆卸分离。如图42至图44为本发明一实施例中推刀杆的结构示意图；请参阅图42至图44，在本发明的一实施例中，卡扣机构220设有推杆卡接部223与推刀面224(参考图43和图44)，卡扣机构220能将刀片3的卡扣结构31卡住。
在卡扣机构220处于内套管21的第一位置区间(对应上述的第二状态，可以包括推刀杆22与刀片3不接触的状态，以及推刀杆22与刀片3安装完成后至分离开始前的状态)，卡扣机构220能沿内套管21轴向运动。在卡扣机构220处于内套管21的第二位置区间(对应上述的第一状态，可以包括指刀片3被推刀杆22从刚开始接触至安装完成的状态，以及刀片3与推刀杆22从刚开始解除分离至分离完成的状态)，卡扣机构220能在内套管21的限制下做轴向运动的同时进行周向旋转运动(也可以称为螺旋运动)以与卡扣结构31卡紧或脱离，从而实现安装或拆卸刀片3。在一优选实施例中，卡扣结构31为包括两个L型连接机构，与之对应地，推刀杆22的远端设有与该L型连接机构对应的倒L型连接机构，当卡扣机构31与推刀杆22卡接时的状态可参考图38所示。
请参阅图12所示，在一实施例中，刀身2还包括复位机构23，其中，复位机构23设置于内套管21内，复位机构23与推刀杆22配合，以在完成切割后能使推刀杆22主动复位，优选地，复位机构23为复位弹簧，具体地，在可拆卸医疗器械安装完成后推动推刀杆22向远端运动的工作状态下，复位机构23处于拉伸状态而对推刀杆22提供向近端移动的复位力， 在推刀杆22完成切割后处于最远端，此时推刀杆22受到的复位力最大，当不再对推刀杆22施加外力，即推刀杆22在不受外力的状态下，推刀杆22在复位机构23产生的向近端的复位力下朝近端移动而恢复至出刀时的初始位置。
进一步，请参阅图13至图44，在本发明的一实施例中，内套管21内设有引导推刀杆22做轴向运动的同时做旋转运动的第一导向部，推刀杆22上设有对应第一导向部的第三导向部，在第一导向部和第三导向部的配合下，推刀杆22能在所述内套管内做轴向运动的同时做周向旋转运动。详细地，其中，第一导向部可以为设于内套管内壁上的第一凸起212，且优选地，第一凸起212可以为圆柱形凸起(如图26-27所示)，当然也可以采用其他结构；与之对应地，第三导向部可以为设于推刀杆22的外壁上且沿轴向曲线延伸而成的第一槽222(如图22所示)，优选地，第一槽222可以为螺旋槽，当然也可以为其他结构。
在第一凸起212和第一槽222的配合引导下，推刀杆22能在内套管21内做轴向运动的同时做周向旋转运动。在本发明的另一实施例中，第一导向部为设于内套管21的内壁上且沿轴向曲线延伸而成的第一槽222，第三导向部为设于推杆外壁上的第一凸起212，工作原理同上。
图45至图47为本发明一实施例中内套管的结构示意图；请参阅图45至图47，并结合图15至图41，在本发明的一实施例中，内套管21内设有第二导向部，其中，第二导向部可以为设于内套管上沿轴向布设的第二凸起211，第二凸起211可以为直线凸起，当然也可以是其他结构，推杆上设有对应第二导向部的第四导向部(可以为设于推杆上对应第二凸起211的第二槽221，第二槽221可以为直线槽，当然也可以是其他结构)，在第二凸起211及第二槽221的配合下，推刀杆22在内套管21内做轴向运动。如图41所示，第二凸起211为沿轴向平行布设的延伸部，该延伸部的轴向侧部外壁抵接第二槽221的两侧壁部，进一步地，在该延伸部与第二槽221接触的两侧壁部还可设有线直线型导向条纹，以进一步对推刀杆22进行限位防止其转动，具体不做限制；在其他实施例中，第二凸起211还可为沿轴向布设的条状凸起。
一实施例中，第一槽222、第二槽221可以与卡扣机构220一起设置于推刀杆22的远端，且卡扣机构220位于推刀杆22的最远端端部附近。
请再次参阅图26，在一实施例中，卡扣机构220在第一状态(第一凸起212位于第一槽222的状态，同时为第二凸起211离开第二槽221的状态)下，在推刀杆22受到设定力时(如受到向远端侧或近端侧的力)，由于第一槽222对第一凸起212的限制和引导，第一槽222与第一凸起212之间发生相对滑动，使得卡扣机构220能向远端或向近端螺旋运动(如图27、 图28所示)。推刀杆22(卡扣机构220)在第二状态(第一凸起212与第一槽222分离同时位于第二槽221的状态)下，在推刀杆22受到设定力时，由于第第二槽221对二凸起211的限制和引导，推刀杆22上的卡扣机构220沿轴向运动(如图31所示)。
在本发明的一实施例中，可拆卸医疗器械还包括有第一临界点及第二临界点。在该过程中，可拆卸医疗器械通过该不同的状态临界点的转换实现第一状态及第二状态之间的切换，也即实现推刀杆22在轴向运动与螺旋运动(当然也可以是其他形式的“轴向运动的同时进行周向旋转运动”)之间的切换。
具体地，在第一临界点下，第一凸起212位于第一槽222的最远端口处(即第一槽222的远端侧端)、同时第二凸起211位于第二槽221的最近端口处，(如图26、图40所示)，该状态下的推刀杆22包括由第二状态结束且处于第一状态开始时的状态、也包括由第一状态结束而第二状态开始时的状态。
在第二临界点下，第一凸起212位于第一槽222的最内端(即第一槽222的近端侧端)，此时推刀杆22通过螺旋运动以经第一状态至第一状态结束时的状态(如图27和图34)，此时第二凸起211相对第二槽221远离。进一步在刀片3的近端与推刀杆22的远端完全安装时，由于第二槽222的最内端对第一凸起212的限制，推刀杆22无法进一步相对刀片3继续向远端移动。在安装刀片3时，将推刀杆22沿轴向推至内套管21的最远端，并将推刀杆22相对内套管21旋转一定角度，此时推刀杆22处于第一临界点，与此同时将刀片3从远端朝靠近内套管21的方向沿轴向推入而逐步靠近推刀杆22，当刀片3开始与推刀杆22接触至刀片被推面33与推刀面224接触时，推刀杆22处于第二临界点(第一凸起212位于第一槽222的最内端)；将推刀杆22沿轴向朝靠近刀片3的方向推动。该过程中，推刀杆22由第一临界点进入第一状态，推刀杆22(推刀杆22的最远端)相对刀片3(刀片3的最近端)做螺旋运动，此时刀片3的卡扣结构31开始逐步被卡扣机构220锁定，即在该过程中，推刀杆22螺旋运动，刀片3轴向运动，卡扣结构31与卡扣机构220之间产生周向位移的同时产生轴向位移，此时推杆卡接部223与刀片卡接部32由开始接触到逐渐卡紧，以实现刀片3安装的完成；可以理解，卡扣结构31与卡扣机构220逐渐卡紧的接触面可为顺利实现该相对运动的斜面，具体不做限制。
在拆卸刀片3时，推刀杆22通过轴向运动回刀(沿轴向朝近端运动)回到出刀的初始状态并处于第二临界点下；由于推杆卡接部223与刀片卡接部32接触，因此在推刀杆22被朝近端的力推动时，推杆卡接部223向刀片卡接部32施加朝向向近端的推力，，使得推刀杆22由第二临界点开始进入第一状态，此时医疗器械处于开始拆除刀片3(推杆卡接部223开始与 刀片卡接部32分离)的状态，在第一状态下，推刀杆22在第一凸起212与第一槽222的导向配合下做螺旋运动，与之对应地，推刀杆22的推杆卡接部223由于推刀杆22的螺旋运动而逐渐与与刀片卡接部32逐渐分离，，在推刀杆22处于第一临界点时，刀片3的刀片卡接部32与推刀杆22的推杆卡接部223的分离完成(至少沿周向完全脱离)，此时将刀片3沿轴向朝远端(与安装的移动方向相反)轴向移动以被移出，实现刀片3的拆卸。
具体地，第一状态下，刀片卡接部32与推杆卡接部223安装与分离的部分在内套管21外部，因此内套管21不影响刀片3的安装和移出。
在本发明的一实施例中，本发明可拆卸医疗器械在出刀状态下：推刀杆22由第一状态结束时再次进入第二状态(推刀杆22沿轴向运动)，此时，由于刀片3安装至推刀杆22，因此推刀面224推动刀片被推面33朝靠近或远离钳头的方向作轴向运动(如图14至图16所示)，即刀片3随着推刀杆22一起沿轴向朝远端的方向运动。此状态下，刀片卡接部32与推杆卡接部223相配合，刀片3无法脱离推刀杆22(如图17、图18所示)，内套管21上有处于第二槽221内的第二凸起211限制了推刀杆22的转动(如图19所示)。刀片3被导向支撑件24限制无法旋转(如图20所示)。
在可拆卸医疗器械受到复位机构23的作用处于回刀状态下，推刀杆22处于第二状态(推刀杆22沿轴向运动)，此时由于推杆卡接部223卡住刀片卡接部32，以带动刀片3在内套管21内沿轴向朝远离钳头25的方向作轴向运动(如图20、图21所示)，直至回到出刀时的初始状态。此状态下，刀片卡接部32与推杆卡接部223相配合，刀片3无法脱离推刀杆22(如图22所示)，内套管21上有第二凸起211处于直线槽221内，限制了推刀杆22的转动(如图23、图24所示)，刀片3被导向支撑件24限制而无法旋转。
在本发明的一种使用场景下，本发明可拆卸医疗器械安装刀片的过程如下：
(1)将推刀杆22的远端端部从内套管21的近端侧推入内套管21，并将推刀杆22的远端端部沿轴向推至内套管21的最远端以突出于内套管21的远端端口，使得推刀杆22由第二状态开始进入第一状态而处于第一临界点。
(2)张开钳口25，将刀片3从钳口25经导向支撑件24的条状凸起242的作用下沿轴向插入内套管21，并逐步向推刀杆22的远端靠近。
在该过程中，开始将推刀杆22推入内套管21时，推刀杆22处于第二状态(推刀杆22轴向运动)；在进入第一临界点后即进入第一状态，此时推刀杆22沿轴向螺旋运动，，最后进入第二临界点。该状态下通过将推刀杆22沿轴向中心轴旋转一定角度，以使得卡扣机构220经过周向旋转实现推杆卡接部223完全避让开刀片3的运动空间(如图29所示)以进一步实 现与刀片3的刀片卡接部32的安装。
(3)缓慢移开推刀杆推动源，继续推动刀片3进入内套管21；在刀片被推面33遇到推刀杆22的推刀面224时，刀片被推面33向推刀面224施加作用力，使得推刀杆22开始受到刀片3施加的推力向近端运动，此时，推刀杆22进入第一状态而做螺旋运动；而刀片3的刀片卡接部32开始与推杆卡接部223逐步卡紧而锁定，此过程中，由于推刀杆22螺旋运动，刀片3轴向运动，能够使得卡扣结构31与卡扣机构220之间产生周向位移的同时产生轴向位移。
更具体地，内套管21的第一凸起212在推刀杆22上第一槽222(如图38所示)的引导下让推刀杆22在轴向运动的同时作周向旋转运动；而刀片3在导向支撑件24的限位支撑部(直线槽241)的限制下无法旋转。
(4)在推刀杆22的第一状态结束而，处于第二临界点时，刀片3被卡扣机构220锁定完成，即推杆卡接部223与刀片卡接部32相互卡住(如图28)。
(5)工作状态(出刀/回刀状态)：钳口闭合，推刀杆22在第二槽221与第二凸起211的作用下处于第二状态，此时推刀杆22只能轴向运动，由于推杆卡接部223与刀片卡接部32实现卡接锁定，以带动刀片3一起沿轴向运动。
在此过程中，内套管21的第一凸起212沿推刀杆22的第一槽222的远端出口朝近端运动，以最终实现刀片被推面33与推刀面224卡紧(如图40所示)，与此同时，内套管21的第二凸起211与推刀杆22的第二槽221脱离(如图26所示)。
在本发明的一种使用场景下，本发明可拆卸医疗器械拆卸刀片的过程如下：
(1)张开钳口，推动推刀杆22；在此过程中，推刀杆22处于第二状态，推刀杆22只能做单一的轴向运动，请参阅图13、图14。
该过程中，由于推杆卡接部223与刀片卡接部32接触，推杆卡接部223向刀片卡接部32施加向近端的推力，刀片3跟随推刀杆22向近端沿轴向运动。在第二状态下，由于推刀杆22的第二槽221与内套管21的第二凸起211向配合，以及刀片3被导向支撑件24限制在设定槽内，因此，刀片3及推刀杆22只能轴向运动。
(2)继续推动推刀杆22，此时开始拆除刀片3，推杆卡接部223开始与刀片卡接部32分离而进入第二临界点。
该过程中，推刀杆22的第二槽221与内套管21的第二凸起211相脱离，同时，内套管21上第一凸起212与推刀杆22上第一槽222相遇(如图26、图27所示)。
(3)经过第二临界点后，推刀杆22进入第一状态，推刀杆22向远端螺旋运动，直至推 杆卡接部223与刀片卡接部32分离(至少实现周向的分离)而此时推刀杆22处于第一临界点(第一凸起212与推刀杆22上第一槽222脱离)，通过将刀片3沿轴向移出，实现刀片3的拆卸。
该过程中，在推刀杆22处于第二临界点时，刀片3与卡扣机构220分离完成，由于刀片3的一部分在内套管21外部，因此可实现刀片3的顺利移出。更进一步地，此时还可通过进一步限制推刀杆22沿轴向朝远端移动，即推刀杆22无法再向远端移动以防止刀片3与卡扣机构220由于产生干涉而影响刀片3的顺利拆卸。
在本发明的一种使用场景中，本发明可拆卸医疗器械可以为高频电外科手术器械；在手术过程中，其使用方式与现有高频电外科手术器械相同。在需要使用手术刀时，按照上述操作将刀片安装到刀身内。在手术过程中，医护人员可以通过手柄调整刀片的位置；如在手术过程中，可以握住手柄，则刀片伸出，从而进行手术操作；在使用完器械后，可以松开手柄，则刀片收缩。在手术完成后，仅需要按照上述拆卸刀片的操作将刀片取出，高频电外科手术器械的其他部件可以经过清洗、灭菌后重复利用。
综上，本发明提出的可拆卸医疗器械由于可实现各部件的充分拆卸，可提高器械部分部件的可重复利用率，且通过将刀片通过相对于推刀杆的相对移动以实现与推刀杆(推杆)的可拆卸安装，使得需更换部件的更换过程简单、方便，易于操作。本发明器械的大部分部件可重复使用，该器械可拆卸后清洗，除刀片等执行部件外的零部件都可经清洗、灭菌后重复使用。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
这里本发明的描述和应用是说明性的，并非想将本发明的范围限制在上述实施例中。这里所披露的实施例的变形和改变是可能的，对于那些本领域的普通技术人员来说实施例的替换和等效的各种部件是公知的。本领域技术人员应该清楚的是，在不脱离本发明的精神或本质特征的情况下，本发明可以以其它形式、结构、布置、比例，以及用其它组件、材料和部件来实现。在不脱离本发明范围和精神的情况下，可以对这里所披露的实施例进行其它变形和改变。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种可拆卸医疗器械，包括：手柄、传动装置及执行装置，所述传动装置的一端可拆卸地连接于所述手柄，另一端可拆卸地连接所述执行装置；其特征在于，所述传动装置包括导向机构和推杆，所述执行装置的近端设有钳头；
    所述导向机构的一端能与所述手柄可拆卸连接；所述钳头可开合地设于所述导向机构的另一端附近；
    所述推杆可移动地设置于所述导向机构内，并与穿过所述钳头的开口的所述执行装置可拆卸连接；
    第一状态下，所述推杆在所述导向机构内做轴向运动的同时做周向旋转运动；
    所述执行装置在所述导向机构内轴向运动，通过所述执行装置与第一状态下的所述推杆之间的相对运动，实现所述推杆与所述执行装置的安装和拆卸。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可拆卸医疗器械，其特征在于：
    所述导向机构包括内套管，所述内套管内设有第一导向部，所述推杆上设有能与所述第一导向部配合的第三导向部；
    在第一导向部和第三导向部的配合下，所述推杆能在所述内套管内做轴向运动的同时做周向旋转运动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可拆卸医疗器械，其特征在于：
    所述第一导向部为设于所述内套管内壁上的第一凸起，所述第三导向部为设于所述推杆外壁上且沿轴向曲线延伸而成的第一槽，或者，所述第一导向部为设于所述内套管内壁上且沿轴向延伸而成的第一槽，所述第三导向部为设于所述推杆外壁上的第一凸起；通过第一凸起在第一槽内的运动，所述推杆在所述内套管内做轴向运动的同时做周向旋转运动。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的可拆卸医疗器械，其特征在于：
    第二状态下，所述推杆能在所述导向机构内做轴向运动。
  5. 根据权利要求1或4所述的可拆卸医疗器械，其特征在于：
    所述内套管内设有第二导向部，所述推杆上设有对应所述第二导向部的第四导向部，在第二导向部及第四导向部的配合下，所述推杆在所述内套管内做轴向运动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的可拆卸医疗器械，其特征在于：
    所述第二导向部为设于所述内套管上沿轴向布设的第二凸起，所述第四导向部为设于所述推杆上对应所述第二凸起的第二槽；或者，所述第二导向部为设于所述内套管上沿轴向布设的第二槽，所述第四导向部为设于所述推杆上对应所述第二槽的第二凸起，通过第二凸起在第二槽内的运动，所述推杆在所述内套管内做轴向运动。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的可拆卸医疗器械，其特征在于：
    所述导向机构还包括导向支撑件，所述导向支撑件上设有与所述内套管的轴向平行布设的限位支撑部，所述限位支撑部为直线槽，所述执行装置的一端开口，所述执行装置的开口端分别抵接所述直线槽的两侧内壁，且沿所述直线槽的两侧内壁做往复的轴向运动，并在所述执行装置的近端穿过所述直线槽后与所述推杆可拆卸连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的可拆卸医疗器械，其特征在于：
    所述导向支撑件上还设有条状凸起，所述条状凸起穿过所述执行装置的开口端且其两侧分别抵接所述执行装置的两侧壁部，所述执行装置在所述条状凸起的导向配合下做往复的轴向运动。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的可拆卸医疗器械，其特征在于：
    所述执行装置为刀片，所述执行装置刀片的一端开口，所述执行装置刀片的开口端设有第一连接机构，所述推杆上设有对应第一连接机构的第二连接机构，通过所述推杆第一状态和第二状态下的运动配合，实现所述第一连接机构与所述第二连接机构的安装和拆卸。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的可拆卸医疗器械，其特征在于：
    在安装刀片时，所述推杆经第一状态、第二状态后，所述推杆相对所述导向机构朝第一方向旋转一定角度避让所述刀片的第一连接机构，所述刀片从所述钳头的开口经所述导向支撑件插入所述内套管、沿轴向移动至所述第二连接机构后继续朝远离所述钳头的开口方向推动，直至所述刀片的第一连接机构与所述推杆上的第二连接机构抵接，将所述推杆朝第二方向旋转一定角度，所述第一连接机构与所述第二连接机构完全卡紧，实现所述刀片与所述推杆的安装；
    在工作状态时，所述推杆进入第一状态，所述刀片随所述推杆一起做轴向运动；
    在拆卸刀片时，沿轴向朝靠近所述钳头的开口方向推动所述推杆，所述推杆依次经过第一状态、第二状态后，将所述推杆相对所述刀片卡接部朝所述第一方向旋转一定角度，所述推杆的第二连接机构与所述刀片的第一连接机构完全脱离，将所述刀片经所述钳口取出，完成所述刀片的拆卸。
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