WO2022077818A1 - 低频辐射单元及基站天线 - Google Patents

低频辐射单元及基站天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022077818A1
WO2022077818A1 PCT/CN2021/075796 CN2021075796W WO2022077818A1 WO 2022077818 A1 WO2022077818 A1 WO 2022077818A1 CN 2021075796 W CN2021075796 W CN 2021075796W WO 2022077818 A1 WO2022077818 A1 WO 2022077818A1
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Prior art keywords
frequency
low
feeding
frequency radiation
radiation unit
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PCT/CN2021/075796
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邱小凯
安涛
徐海新
罗经崔
徐存伟
Original Assignee
摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司
摩比科技（深圳）有限公司
摩比通讯技术（吉安）有限公司
摩比科技(西安)有限公司
深圳市晟煜智慧科技网络有限公司
西安摩比天线技术工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2022077818A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022077818A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0053—Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/106—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using two or more intersecting plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and in particular, to a low-frequency radiation unit and a base station antenna.
  • 5G sites mainly add 5G antennas and equipment to the original 4G site resources, which requires space for 5G antennas and equipment at existing sites. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the antennas of existing sites.
  • the frequency band antennas are integrated to free up antenna resources for 5G deployment.
  • Antenna integration faces many problems, especially the serious interference between the high and low frequency units. In order to solve this problem, the high and low frequency arrays are usually pulled apart to reduce the interference. The cost increases, and the wind load increases, making the construction difficult.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-frequency radiation unit and a base station antenna.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit has a filtering function, and can effectively reduce the high-frequency radiation performance of the low-frequency radiation unit when the high- and low-frequency antennas are nested and arrayed. and can realize the miniaturization of the antenna size.
  • the present invention provides a low-frequency radiation unit, comprising a dielectric substrate, a radiator and a feeding balun;
  • the radiator includes two groups of dipoles orthogonally distributed on the dielectric substrate, each group
  • the dipole includes two radiating arms whose main body is a circular structure, the inner side of the radiating arms is provided with a plurality of open-circuit branches, and the open-circuit branches include a first line segment and a second line segment that are connected to each other in a bent shape.
  • the outer end of the first line segment is connected to the radiation arm, the outer end of the second line segment is open, and the second line segment is in a parallel relationship with the inner side of the radiation arm;
  • the feeding balun In an orthogonal structure, the lower end of the feeding balun is connected to the reflector, and the upper end of the feeding balun is connected to the radiator.
  • a right-angle structure extends outward from the quarter-circle arc of the main body of the radiation arm, and the right-angle structures of the four radiation arms are aligned inward to form two
  • the dipoles are orthogonally distributed, and the right-angle sides of the right-angle structure of every two adjacent radiating arms are parallel to each other and retain a predetermined gap.
  • the lengths of the open-circuit branches are the same or different.
  • the radius of the main body of the radiation arm is 1/6 of the wavelength of the low frequency operating frequency
  • the length of the open branch is 1/4 of the wavelength of the high frequency operating frequency.
  • the feeding balun includes two first hollow tube bodies, two second hollow tube bodies, and a first feeding piece and a second feeding piece which are installed orthogonally.
  • the lower end outer walls of the first hollow tube body and the two second hollow tube bodies are connected to each other, and the first feeding piece and the second feeding piece are respectively inserted into the two first hollow tube bodies middle;
  • the lower ends of the two first hollow tubes pass through the reflector respectively, and are electrically connected with the outer conductor of the coaxial cable on the back of the reflector;
  • the upper ends of the two second hollow tubes are respectively provided with a card slot, and the upper ends of the first and second feed plates are electrically connected to the two card slots, respectively.
  • the lower ends of the feeding sheet and the second feeding sheet are electrically connected with the core wire of the coaxial cable on the back of the reflecting plate.
  • the upper ends of the two first hollow tubes and the two second hollow tubes are respectively provided with at least one metal column, and the metal column passes through the dielectric substrate and be electrically connected to the four said radiating arms respectively; and/or
  • the first hollow tube body and the second hollow tube body are made by die casting.
  • the first feeding sheet and the second feeding sheet are both L-shaped, the upper end of the first feeding sheet is provided with a concave structure, and the second feeding sheet is The upper end of the electric sheet is provided with a protruding structure, and the first feeding sheet and the second feeding sheet are installed orthogonally to each other through the concave structure and the protruding structure.
  • the parts of the first feeding sheet and the second feeding sheet inserted into the first hollow tube body are set as segments with different widths.
  • the present invention also provides a base station antenna, which includes a reflector, and a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and a plurality of low-frequency radiation units according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are distributed on the reflector.
  • the radiating element is nested and inserted in the middle of the high-frequency radiating element.
  • a plurality of the low-frequency radiation units form at least one column of low-frequency linear arrays
  • a plurality of the high-frequency radiation units form at least one column of high-frequency linear arrays
  • the low-frequency linear arrays are nested and inserted into the high-frequency linear arrays. the middle of the frequency line array.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a radiator located on the dielectric substrate, and a feeding balun located under the radiator; the radiator includes two groups of orthogonally distributed dipoles, and each group of dipoles includes two
  • the main body is a radiating arm with a circular structure, the inner side of the radiating arm is provided with a plurality of bent open-circuit branches, the outer end of the first line segment of the open-circuit branch is connected with the radiating arm, and the outer end of the second line segment of the open-circuit branch is connected.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention has a filtering function, and when the high-frequency antenna is nested and arrayed, the impact of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation performance can be effectively reduced, and the prior art can be avoided to open the high-frequency array to reduce the The size of the antenna is too large due to interference, so that the size of the antenna can be miniaturized.
  • Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic front view of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • 2B is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the radiation arm of the preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • 3A is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a feed balun of a preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention
  • 3B is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the feed balun of the preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a feeding sheet of a preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the preferred base station antenna of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a high and low frequency nested small array of a preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • radiator 20 low frequency radiation unit 100; dielectric substrate 10; radiator 20;
  • the reflector 300 the high-frequency radiation unit 400.
  • references in this specification to "one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “example embodiment”, etc. mean that the described embodiment may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every Embodiments must contain these specific features, structures or characteristics. Furthermore, such expressions are not referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, whether or not explicitly described, it has been shown that it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to incorporate such feature, structure or characteristic into other embodiments .
  • the low frequency radiation unit 100 includes a dielectric substrate 10 , a radiator 20 located on the dielectric substrate 10 , and a feeding balun 30 located below the radiator 20 .
  • the radiator 20 (or vibrator) includes two groups of dipoles that are orthogonally distributed on the dielectric substrate 10 , which are distributed in the ⁇ 45° direction of the dielectric substrate 10 respectively, forming a ⁇ 45° °Two polarizations to form a dual-polarized radiation unit.
  • each group of dipoles includes two radiating arms 21 whose main body is a circular structure, and the radius (R) of the main body of the radiating arms 21 is preferably about the wavelength of the low frequency operating frequency ( ⁇ 1). 1/6.
  • a plurality of open-circuit branches 22 are integrated on the radiation arm 21 , and the open-circuit branches 22 are located on the inner side of the circle of the radiation arm 21 .
  • the open-circuit branch 22 includes a first line segment 221 and a second line segment 222 which are connected to each other in a bent shape, that is, the first line segment 221 and the second line segment 222 together form the open-circuit branch 22 in the shape of a bent line.
  • the outer end of the first line segment 221 is connected to the radiation arm 21 , the outer end of the second line segment 222 is open, and the second line segment 222 is in a parallel relationship with the circular inner side of the radiation arm 21 by bending.
  • the length of the open branches 22 is about 1/4 of the wavelength of the high frequency operating frequency, and the lengths of the open branches 22 may be the same or different.
  • the high-frequency induced current of the open-circuit branch 22 is opposite to the induced current on the radiating arm 21, which can offset the influence of the scattering of the high-frequency induced current on the radiating arm 21 on the high-frequency radiation performance. Therefore, the low-frequency radiation unit 100 of the present invention can be inserted into In the frequency array, the nested array is realized.
  • the feeding balun 30 is in an orthogonal structure, and the lower end of the feeding balun 30 is connected to the reflector 300 , that is, the lower end of the feeding balun 30 is connected to the feeding network for feeding.
  • the upper end of the feeding balun 30 is connected to the radiator 20 , that is, the upper end of the feeding balun 30 is connected to the radiator 20 for feeding.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 100 of the present invention has a filtering function, which can realize the integrated design of multi-frequency antennas without increasing the size of the antenna, and can effectively reduce the high-frequency radiation caused by the low-frequency radiation unit 100 when the high and low frequency antennas are nested and arrayed. performance, reducing the size of the antenna, thereby reducing the weight and cost of the antenna, reducing wind loads, and facilitating construction.
  • a right-angle structure 23 extends outward from the quarter arc of the main body of the radiation arm 21 , and the right-angle structures 23 of the four radiation arms 21 are aligned inward
  • the arrangement constitutes two groups of orthogonally distributed dipoles, and the right-angle sides of the right-angle structures 23 of every two adjacent radiating arms 21 are parallel to each other and have a predetermined gap.
  • the design of the right-angle structure 23 of the radiation arms 21 is convenient for assembling the four radiation arms 21 into the radiator 20 .
  • the feeding balun 30 preferably includes four hollow tubular structures and two feeding sheets, and specifically includes two first hollow tubular bodies 31 , two second hollow tubular bodies 32 and The first feeding piece 33 and the second feeding piece 34 are installed orthogonally, and the lower end outer walls of the two first hollow tubes 31 and the two second hollow tubes 32 are connected to each other, and play the role of balanced feeding.
  • the first hollow tube body 31 and the second hollow tube body 32 are made by die casting.
  • the first feeding piece 33 and the second feeding piece 34 are respectively inserted into the two first hollow tubular bodies 31 .
  • the lower ends of the two first hollow tubes 31 respectively pass through the reflector 300 and are electrically connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial cable on the back of the reflector 300 , preferably by welding.
  • the upper ends of the two second hollow tubes 32 are respectively provided with a slot 35 , and the upper ends of the first feeding piece 33 and the upper end of the second feeding piece 34 are respectively electrically connected to the two slots 35 , preferably by welding.
  • the lower ends of the first feeding sheet 33 and the second feeding sheet 34 are electrically connected to the core wires of the coaxial cable on the back of the reflector 300 , preferably by welding.
  • At least one metal column 36 is respectively provided on the upper ends of the two first hollow tubes 31 and the two second hollow tubes 32 , and the metal columns 36 pass through the dielectric substrate 10 and are respectively connected with four metal columns 36 .
  • the radiating arms 21 are electrically connected, preferably by welding.
  • the first feeding piece 33 and the second feeding piece 34 are both L-shaped.
  • the upper end of the first feeding piece 33 is provided with a concave structure 331
  • the upper end of the second feeding piece 34 is provided with a concave structure 331 .
  • the first feeding piece 33 and the second feeding piece 34 are inserted into the first hollow tube body 31 respectively, and the upper ends of the first feeding piece 33 and the second feeding piece 34 are connected to the second hollow tube body 32 by welding or the like.
  • the lower ends of the first feeding sheet 33 and the second feeding sheet 34 are connected to the core wire of the coaxial cable on the back of the reflector 300 by welding or other means.
  • the part of the first feeding sheet 33 and the second feeding sheet 34 inserted into the first hollow tube body 31 is a segmented structure with different widths, which can be used to adjust the matching of the radiating elements and improve the standing wave. .
  • the base station antenna 200 adopts the low frequency radiation unit 100 shown in the above-mentioned FIGS. 1 to 4 .
  • the base station antenna 200 includes a reflector 300 on which a plurality of high-frequency radiation units 400 and a plurality of the low-frequency radiation units 100 are distributed, and the low-frequency radiation units 100 are nested and inserted into the high-frequency radiation units In the middle of 400.
  • FIG. 6 is a small array structure using the radiation unit, the small array includes a low frequency radiation unit 100, four high frequency radiation units 400 and a reflector 300, the low frequency radiation unit 100 and the high frequency radiation unit 400 are both It is arranged on the reflection plate 300 , and the low-frequency radiation unit 100 is arranged in the middle of the four high-frequency radiation units 400 .
  • multiple low frequency radiation units 100 form at least one column of low frequency line arrays
  • multiple high frequency radiation units 400 form at least one column of high frequency line arrays
  • the low frequency line arrays are nested and inserted in the middle of the high frequency line arrays.
  • the base station antenna 200 includes a nested array antenna composed of two columns of low-frequency linear arrays and four columns of high-frequency linear arrays, and the two columns of low-frequency linear arrays are nested and inserted into the four columns of high-frequency linear arrays. middle. In the horizontal direction, four columns of high-frequency radiation units 400 are placed at equal intervals, and the column spacing is about 0.75 wavelength of the high-frequency center frequency point.
  • the column spacing is about 1.5 wavelengths of the high frequency center frequency point; in the vertical direction, the high and low frequency arrays can be set at different spacings according to specific needs.
  • two columns of low frequency antennas are integrated, which greatly reduces the size of the antenna.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a radiator located on the dielectric substrate, and a feeding balun located under the radiator;
  • the radiator includes two groups of orthogonally distributed dipoles, each group of dipoles
  • the pole includes two radiating arms whose main body is a circular structure, and the inner side of the radiating arms is provided with a plurality of bent open branches.
  • the outer ends of the two line segments are open-circuited, and the second line segment is in a parallel relationship with the radiation arm; the high-frequency induced current of the open-circuit branch is opposite to the induced current on the radiation arm, which can cancel the scattering effect of the high-frequency induced current on the radiation arm. Influence of high frequency radiation performance.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention has a filtering function, and when the high- and low-frequency antennas are nested and arrayed, the impact of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation performance can be effectively reduced, and the prior art can be avoided to open the high-frequency array to reduce the The size of the antenna is too large due to interference, so that the size of the antenna can be miniaturized.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种低频辐射单元，包括介质基板、辐射体和馈电巴伦；辐射体包含有在介质基板上正交分布的两组偶极子，每组偶极子包括两个主体为圆形结构的辐射臂，辐射臂的内侧设有多个开路枝节，开路枝节包括呈弯折状相互连接的第一线段和第二线段，第一线段的外端与辐射臂连接，第二线段的外端开路，且第二线段与辐射臂的内侧呈平行关系；馈电巴伦呈正交结构，馈电巴伦的下端连接反射板，馈电巴伦的上端连接辐射体。本发明还提供一种具有所述低频辐射单元的基站天线。借此，本发明低频辐射单元具有滤波功能，在高低频天线嵌套组阵时，能够有效降低低频辐射单元对高频辐射性能的影响，并且能够实现天线尺寸小型化。

Description

低频辐射单元及基站天线 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种低频辐射单元及基站天线。
背景技术
随着无线通信快速发展，5G规模建站，站点资源紧张的问题日益显现。为了快速部署，5G站点主要在原有4G站点资源上增加5G天线及设备，这就需要在现有站点腾出空间用于放置5G天线及设备，因此需要对现有站点的天线进行整合，多个频段天线进行集成设计，以释放天面资源用于5G部署。天线集成面临很多问题，尤其是高低频单元之间存在严重干扰，为了解决该问题，通常会将高低频阵列拉开，减小干扰，但是这种方法会造成天线尺寸偏大，造成天线重量和成本增加，且风载增加，施工困难。
综上可知，现有技术在实际使用上显然存在不便与缺陷，所以有必要加以改进。
发明内容
针对上述的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种低频辐射单元及基站天线，所述低频辐射单元具有滤波功能，在高低频天线嵌套组阵时，能够有效降低低频辐射单元对高频辐射性能的影响，并且能够实现天线尺寸小型化。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种低频辐射单元，包括介质基板、辐射体和馈电巴伦；所述辐射体包含有在所述介质基板上正交分布的两组偶极子，每组所述偶极子包括两个主体为圆形结构的辐射臂，所述辐射臂的内侧设有多个开路枝节，所述开路枝节包括呈弯折状相互连接的第一线段和第二线段，所述第一线段的外端与所述辐射臂连接，所述第二线段的外端开路，且所述第二线段与所述辐射臂的内侧呈平行关系；所述馈电巴伦呈正交结构，所述馈电巴伦的下端连接反射板，所述馈电巴伦的上端连接所述辐射体。
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述辐射臂的主体的四分之一圆弧处向外延伸出一直角结构，四个所述辐射臂的所述直角结构向内对齐排列共同组成两组正交分布的所述偶极子，且每相邻两个所述辐射臂的所述直角结构的直角 边相互平行且保留有预定间隙。
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，各所述开路枝节的长度相同或不相同。
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述辐射臂的主体的半径为低频工作频率波长的1/6；和/或
所述开路枝节的长度为高频工作频率波长的1/4。
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述馈电巴伦包括两个第一空心管体、两个第二空心管体和正交安装的第一馈电片和第二馈电片，两个所述第一空心管体和两个所述第二空心管体的下端外壁相互连接，所述第一馈电片和所述第二馈电片分别插入两个所述第一空心管体中；
两个所述第一空心管体的下端分别穿过所述反射板，并与所述反射板背部的同轴电缆外导体电性连接；
两个所述第二空心管体的上端分别设有一卡槽，所述第一馈电片和所述第二馈电片的上端分别与两个所述卡槽电性连接，所述第一馈电片和所述第二馈电片的下端与所述反射板背部的同轴电缆的芯线电性连接。
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，两个所述第一空心管体和两个所述第二空心管体的上端分别设有至少一个金属柱，所述金属柱穿过所述介质基板并分别与四个所述辐射臂电性连接；和/或
所述第一空心管体和所述第二空心管体由压铸制成。
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述第一馈电片和所述第二馈电片均呈L型，所述第一馈电片的上端设有下凹结构，所述第二馈电片的上端设有凸起结构，所述第一馈电片和所述第二馈电片通过所述下凹结构和所述凸起结构相互正交安装。
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述第一馈电片和所述第二馈电片插入所述第一空心管体内的部分设为不同宽度的分段。
本发明还提供一种基站天线，包括有反射板，所述反射板上分布设有多个高频辐射单元和多个如权利要求1～8任一项所述的低频辐射单元，所述低频辐射单元嵌套插入所述高频辐射单元的中间。
根据本发明所述的基站天线，多个所述低频辐射单元组成至少一列低频线阵，多个所述高频辐射单元组成至少一列高频线阵；所述低频线阵嵌套插入所述高频线阵的中间。
本发明低频辐射单元包括介质基板、位于介质基板上的辐射体和位于辐射体下的馈电巴伦；所述辐射体包含正交分布的两组偶极子，每组偶极子包括两个主体为圆形结构的辐射臂，所述辐射臂的内侧设有多个弯折状的开路枝节，开路枝节的第一线段的外端与辐射臂连接，开路枝节的第二线段的外端开路，且第二线段与辐射臂呈平行关系；所述开路枝节在高频的感应电流与辐射臂上的感应电流反向，可抵消辐射臂上高频感应电流的散射对高频辐射性能的影响。借此，本发明低频辐射单元具有滤波功能，在高低频天线嵌套组阵时，能够有效降低低频辐射单元对高频辐射性能的影响，可避免现有技术将高低频阵列拉开以减小干扰所造成的天线尺寸偏大问题，从而能够实现天线尺寸小型化。
附图说明
图1是本发明优选低频辐射单元的立体结构示意图；
图2A为本发明优选低频辐射单元的正面结构示意图；
图2B为本发明优选低频辐射单元的辐射臂的正面结构示意图；
图3A为本发明优选低频辐射单元的馈电巴伦的立体结构示意图；
图3B为本发明优选低频辐射单元的馈电巴伦的正面结构示意图；
图4为本发明优选低频辐射单元的馈电片的立体结构示意图；
图5为本发明优选基站天线的正面结构示意图；
图6为本发明优选低频辐射单元的高低频嵌套小阵列的的立体结构示意图。
附图标记
低频辐射单元100；  介质基板10；      辐射体20；
辐射臂21；         开路枝节22；      第一线段221；
第二线段222；      直角结构23；      馈电巴伦30；
第一空心管体31；   第二空心管体32；  第一馈电片33；
第二馈电片34；     卡槽35；          金属柱36；
下凹结构331；      凸起结构341；     基站天线200；
反射板300；        高频辐射单元400。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
需要说明的，本说明书中针对“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“示例实施例”等的引用，指的是描述的该实施例可包括特定的特征、结构或特性，但是不是每个实施例必须包含这些特定特征、结构或特性。此外，这样的表述并非指的是同一个实施例。进一步，在结合实施例描述特定的特征、结构或特性时，不管有没有明确的描述，已经表明将这样的特征、结构或特性结合到其它实施例中是在本领域技术人员的知识范围内的。
此外，在说明书及后续的权利要求当中使用了某些词汇来指称特定组件或部件，所属领域中具有通常知识者应可理解，制造商可以用不同的名词或术语来称呼同一个组件或部件。本说明书及后续的权利要求并不以名称的差异来作为区分组件或部件的方式，而是以组件或部件在功能上的差异来作为区分的准则。在通篇说明书及后续的权利要求书中所提及的“包括”和“包含”为一开放式的用语，故应解释成“包含但不限定于”。以外，“连接”一词在此系包含任何直接及间接的电性连接手段。间接的电性连接手段包括通过其它装置进行连接。
图1～图4示出了本发明低频辐射单元的优选结构，所述低频辐射单元100包括介质基板10、位于介质基板10上的辐射体20和位于辐射体20下方的馈电巴伦30。如图2A所示，所述辐射体20(或称振子)包含有在介质基板10上正交分布的两组偶极子，分别在介质基板10的±45°方向上分布放置，形成±45°两个极化，构成双极化辐射单元。
如图2A和图2B所示，每组偶极子包括两个主体为圆形结构的辐射臂21，所述辐射臂21的主体的半径(R)优选约为低频工作频率波长(λ1)的1/6。所述辐射臂21上集成有多个开路枝节22，所述开路枝节22位于辐射臂21的圆形内侧。所述开路枝节22包括呈弯折状相互连接的第一线段221和第二线段222，即第一线段221和第二线段222共同组成弯折线路状的开路枝节22。第一线段221的外端与辐射臂21连接，第二线段222的外端开路，且第二线段222通过弯折与辐射臂21的圆形内侧呈平行关系。优选的是，开路枝节22的长度约为高频工作频率波长的1/4，并且各开路枝节22的长度可以相同或不相同。 开路枝节22在高频的感应电流与辐射臂21上的感应电流反向，可抵消辐射臂21上高频感应电流的散射对高频辐射性能的影响，因此本发明低频辐射单元100可插入高频阵列中，实现嵌套组阵。
如图1或图3所示，所述馈电巴伦30呈正交结构，馈电巴伦30的下端连接反射板300，即馈电巴伦30的下端与馈电网络进行馈电连接。馈电巴伦30的上端连接辐射体20，即馈电巴伦30的上端与辐射体20进行馈电连接。
借此，本发明低频辐射单元100具有滤波功能，能够在不增加天线尺寸的情况下实现多频天线集成设计，在高低频天线嵌套组阵时，能够有效降低低频辐射单元100对高频辐射性能的影响，缩小天线尺寸，从而降低天线重量和成本，减少风载，而且便于施工。
如图2A和图2B所示的优选实施例中，所述辐射臂21的主体的四分之一圆弧处向外延伸出一直角结构23，四个辐射臂21的直角结构23向内对齐排列共同组成两组正交分布的偶极子，且每相邻两个辐射臂21的直角结构23的直角边相互平行且保留有预定间隙。所述辐射臂21的直角结构23的设计，便于将四个辐射臂21组装成辐射体20。
如图3～图4所示，所述馈电巴伦30优选包括四个空心管状结构和两个馈电片，具体包括两个第一空心管体31、两个第二空心管体32和正交安装的第一馈电片33和第二馈电片34，两个第一空心管体31和两个第二空心管体32的下端外壁相互连接在一起，起到平衡馈电的作用。优选的是，第一空心管体31和第二空心管体32由压铸制成。
所述第一馈电片33和第二馈电片34分别插入两个第一空心管体31中。两个第一空心管体31的下端分别穿过反射板300，并与反射板300背部的同轴电缆外导体电性连接，优选采用焊接馈电。两个第二空心管体32的上端分别设有一卡槽35，第一馈电片33和第二馈电片34的上端分别与两个卡槽35电性连接，优选采用焊接馈电。第一馈电片33和第二馈电片34的下端与反射板300背部的同轴电缆的芯线电性连接，优选采用焊接馈电。
如图3A和图3B所示，优选两个第一空心管体31和两个第二空心管体32的上端分别设有至少一个金属柱36，金属柱36穿过介质基板10并分别与四个辐射臂21电性连接，优选采用焊接馈电。
如图4所示，所述第一馈电片33和第二馈电片34均呈L型，第一馈电片 33的上端设有下凹结构331，第二馈电片34的上端设有凸起结构341，第一馈电片33和第二馈电片34通过下凹结构331和凸起结构341相互正交安装。第一馈电片33和第二馈电片34分别插入第一空心管体31中，第一馈电片33和第二馈电片34的上端通过焊接等方式连接于第二空心管体32的上端的卡槽35上，第一馈电片33和第二馈电片34的下端与反射板300背部的同轴电缆的芯线通过焊接等方式馈电连接。
如图4所示，优选第一馈电片33和第二馈电片34插入第一空心管体31内的部分设为不同宽度的分段结构，可用来调节辐射单元的匹配，改善驻波。
图5～图6示出了是本发明优选基站天线的结构，所述基站天线200采用如上述图1～图4所示的低频辐射单元100。具体而言，所述基站天线200包括有反射板300，反射板300上分布设有多个高频辐射单元400和多个所述低频辐射单元100，低频辐射单元100嵌套插入高频辐射单元400的中间。
图6是一种使用该辐射单元的小阵列结构，所述小阵列包括一个低频辐射单元100、四个高频辐射单元400和反射板300，所述低频辐射单元100和高频辐射单元400均设置于反射板300上，并且低频辐射单元100设置于四个高频辐射单元400的中间。
优选的是，多个低频辐射单元100组成至少一列低频线阵，多个高频辐射单元400组成至少一列高频线阵，低频线阵嵌套插入高频线阵的中间。如图5所示的实施例中，所述基站天线200包括两列低频线阵以及四列高频线阵组成的嵌套阵列天线，两列低频线阵嵌套插入到四列高频线阵中间。在水平方向上，四列高频辐射单元400等间距放置，列间距为高频中心频点的0.75波长左右，两列低频辐射单元100分别位于高频第一、第二列中间，第三、第四列中间，列间距为高频中心频点的1.5波长左右；在垂直方向上，高低频阵列可根据具体需要设置不同的间距，该阵列天线相当于在不增加尺寸的基础上，在原有四列高频天线的基础上集成了两列低频天线，大幅减小天线尺寸。
需提醒的是，本发明基站天线200的高频线阵和低频线阵的列数不限，可以根据实际需要任意设定。
综上所述，本发明低频辐射单元包括介质基板、位于介质基板上的辐射体和位于辐射体下的馈电巴伦；所述辐射体包含正交分布的两组偶极子，每组偶极子包括两个主体为圆形结构的辐射臂，所述辐射臂的内侧设有多个弯折状的 开路枝节，开路枝节的第一线段的外端与辐射臂连接，开路枝节的第二线段的外端开路，且第二线段与辐射臂呈平行关系；所述开路枝节在高频的感应电流与辐射臂上的感应电流反向，可抵消辐射臂上高频感应电流的散射对高频辐射性能的影响。借此，本发明低频辐射单元具有滤波功能，在高低频天线嵌套组阵时，能够有效降低低频辐射单元对高频辐射性能的影响，可避免现有技术将高低频阵列拉开以减小干扰所造成的天线尺寸偏大问题，从而能够实现天线尺寸小型化。
当然，本发明还可有其它多种实施例，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低频辐射单元，其特征在于，包括介质基板、辐射体和馈电巴伦；所述辐射体包含有在所述介质基板上正交分布的两组偶极子，每组所述偶极子包括两个主体为圆形结构的辐射臂，所述辐射臂的内侧设有多个开路枝节，所述开路枝节包括呈弯折状相互连接的第一线段和第二线段，所述第一线段的外端与所述辐射臂连接，所述第二线段的外端开路，且所述第二线段与所述辐射臂的内侧呈平行关系；所述馈电巴伦呈正交结构，所述馈电巴伦的下端连接反射板，所述馈电巴伦的上端连接所述辐射体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述辐射臂的主体的四分之一圆弧处向外延伸出一直角结构，四个所述辐射臂的所述直角结构向内对齐排列共同组成两组正交分布的所述偶极子，且每相邻两个所述辐射臂的所述直角结构的直角边相互平行且保留有预定间隙。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，各所述开路枝节的长度相同或不相同。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述辐射臂的主体的半径为低频工作频率波长的1/6；和/或
    所述开路枝节的长度为高频工作频率波长的1/4。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述馈电巴伦包括两个第一空心管体、两个第二空心管体和正交安装的第一馈电片和第二馈电片，两个所述第一空心管体和两个所述第二空心管体的下端外壁相互连接，所述第一馈电片和所述第二馈电片分别插入两个所述第一空心管体中；
    两个所述第一空心管体的下端分别穿过所述反射板，并与所述反射板背部的同轴电缆外导体电性连接；
    两个所述第二空心管体的上端分别设有一卡槽，所述第一馈电片和所述第二馈电片的上端分别与两个所述卡槽电性连接，所述第一馈电片和所述第二馈电片的下端与所述反射板背部的同轴电缆的芯线电性连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，两个所述第一空心管体和两个所述第二空心管体的上端分别设有至少一个金属柱，所述金属柱穿过所述介质基板并分别与四个所述辐射臂电性连接；和/或
    所述第一空心管体和所述第二空心管体由压铸制成。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第一馈电片和所述第二馈电片均呈L型，所述第一馈电片的上端设有下凹结构，所述第二馈电片的上端设有凸起结构，所述第一馈电片和所述第二馈电片通过所述下凹结构和所述凸起结构相互正交安装。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第一馈电片和所述第二馈电片插入所述第一空心管体内的部分设为不同宽度的分段。
  9. 一种基站天线，其特征在于，包括有反射板，所述反射板上分布设有多个高频辐射单元和多个如权利要求1～8任一项所述的低频辐射单元，所述低频辐射单元嵌套插入所述高频辐射单元的中间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的基站天线，其特征在于，多个所述低频辐射单元组成至少一列低频线阵，多个所述高频辐射单元组成至少一列高频线阵；所述低频线阵嵌套插入所述高频线阵的中间。
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