WO2022077289A1 - 一种低压冗余供电系统 - Google Patents

一种低压冗余供电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022077289A1
WO2022077289A1 PCT/CN2020/120961 CN2020120961W WO2022077289A1 WO 2022077289 A1 WO2022077289 A1 WO 2022077289A1 CN 2020120961 W CN2020120961 W CN 2020120961W WO 2022077289 A1 WO2022077289 A1 WO 2022077289A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power supply
voltage
relay
supply unit
low
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Application number
PCT/CN2020/120961
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王辉
杨露露
孙坚
宋天助
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP20957070.4A priority Critical patent/EP4210192A4/en
Priority to CN202080004252.5A priority patent/CN112514199B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/120961 priority patent/WO2022077289A1/zh
Publication of WO2022077289A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022077289A1/zh
Priority to US18/300,387 priority patent/US20230253805A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/084—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
    • H02J1/086—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load or loads and source or sources when the main path fails
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, in particular to a low-voltage redundant power supply system.
  • an independent 12V lead-acid battery is configured to provide power to the controller and other low-voltage devices.
  • the independent 12V battery not only occupies a large space and reduces the energy density of the power supply system, but also cannot guarantee the reliability of the power supply due to the use of a single power supply. When the vehicle is stagnant for a long time, it is easy to cause the vehicle to fail to start normally.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a low-voltage redundant power supply system, so as to solve the problems of low-voltage batteries occupying a large space and volume, having no active balancing function, and being unable to implement redundant power supply to low-voltage loads.
  • a low-voltage redundant power supply system includes: a high-voltage battery pack for providing a first voltage, the high-voltage battery pack including a number of power supply units connected in series in sequence; the power supply unit is a power supply unit in the high-voltage battery pack at least one battery or a series/parallel equivalent power supply of several batteries; and a relay array, each relay in the relay array is connected to each power supply unit in the high-voltage battery pack according to a set connection relationship; in the relay In at least one combination of open and closed states of the array, at least one power supply unit in the high-voltage battery pack provides a second voltage through time-division multiplexing to supply power for low-voltage loads; the first voltage is higher than the second voltage .
  • This power supply method can isolate the battery with redundant power in the high-voltage battery pack to supply power to the low-voltage load LVLoads, and can also avoid the abnormality of the power supply system of the high-voltage load caused by the abnormality of the battery.
  • the plurality of power supply units include a first power supply unit and at least one second power supply unit, and in a combination of open and closed states of the relay array, the first power supply unit or the second power supply unit Two power supply units provide a second voltage to supply power to the low-voltage load.
  • Different relay arrays use the equivalent power supply of a single battery or multiple batteries in a high-voltage battery pack as a power supply unit to supply power to a low-voltage load under different combinations of open and closed states, all within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the plurality of power supply units include a first power supply unit and a second power supply unit, and in a combination of open and closed states of the relay array, the first power supply unit and at least one first power supply unit Two power supply units are connected in series to provide a second voltage to supply power to the low-voltage load.
  • the first power supply unit and the at least one second power supply unit are connected in series and isolated from the high-voltage system, and the electrical energy of the low-voltage load LVLoads is completely provided by the first power supply unit and the at least one second power supply unit.
  • the first power supply unit and at least one second power supply unit are connected in series to supply power to the outside, which can provide a higher second voltage for the low-voltage load LVLoads.
  • the plurality of power supply units include a first power supply unit and a second power supply unit, and in a combination of open and closed states of the relay array, the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit are powered The cells are connected in parallel to provide a second voltage to power the low voltage load.
  • the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit are in a parallel state and isolated from the high-voltage system, and the electrical energy of the low-voltage load LVLoads is completely provided by the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit.
  • the external power supply can provide a higher power supply current for the low-voltage load LVLoads, and can also alleviate the difference in charge imbalance caused by the long-term external power supply of the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit.
  • the system further includes a DC chopper
  • the plurality of power supply units include a first power supply unit and a third power supply unit; the first power supply unit supplies power to a low-voltage load; in the relay array In a combination of open and closed states, the first power supply unit interrupts supplying power to the low-voltage load, the third power supply unit supplies power to the DC chopper, and the DC chopper provides the second voltage, supplying power to the low voltage load.
  • DC chopper DC/DC to supply power to the low-voltage load can avoid the power derating of the high-voltage power system caused by the unbalanced charge (SOC) of the battery that supplies the low-voltage load for a long time.
  • the system further includes a DC chopper
  • the plurality of power supply units include a first power supply unit and a third power supply unit; the first power supply unit supplies power to a low-voltage load; in the relay array In a combination of open and closed states, the third power supply unit supplies power to the DC chopper, and the DC chopper provides a second voltage to balance the first power supply unit and supply power for low-voltage loads.
  • DC chopper DC/DC to balance the power supply unit in the high-voltage battery pack can avoid the decline of the power supply capability of the low-voltage load due to insufficient battery power, and avoid the unbalanced SOC of the power supply unit or other batteries that supply power to the low-voltage load.
  • the system further includes a DC chopper, and the plurality of power supply units further include a third power supply unit; in an open and closed state combination mode of the relay array, the third power supply unit is configured by the third power supply unit.
  • the power supply unit supplies power to the DC chopper, and the DC chopper provides a second voltage, which balances the first power supply unit or the second power supply unit, and supplies power for the low-voltage load.
  • the DC/DC chopper provides power to the low-voltage load LVLoads while actively balancing the first power supply unit or the second power supply unit, which can eliminate the SOC caused by the long-term external power supply of the first power supply unit or the second power supply unit. Unbalanced differences.
  • the system further includes a DC chopper
  • the plurality of power supply units further include a third power supply unit; in an open and closed state combination mode of the relay array, the third power supply unit is configured by the third power supply unit.
  • the power supply unit supplies power to the DC chopper, and the DC chopper provides a second voltage to balance the first battery and the second battery connected in parallel, and to supply power to a low-voltage load.
  • the first battery and the second battery are in a parallel state and are isolated from the high voltage load, and the DC chopper DC/DC balances the parallel first battery and the second battery while supplying power to the low voltage load LVLoads;
  • the SOC imbalance caused by the external power supply of the first battery and the second battery for a long time can be eliminated.
  • the plurality of power supply units include a first power supply unit, a second power supply unit, and a third power supply unit;
  • the relay array includes a first relay HVS_1, a second relay HVS_2, a third relay LVS_1, and a third relay Four relays LVS_2;
  • the set connection relationship includes: a first relay HVS_1 is connected between the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit; a second power supply unit is connected between the second power supply unit and the third power supply unit Relay HVS_2; the first pole of the second power supply unit is connected to the first end of the low voltage load through the third relay LVS_1; the second pole of the second power supply unit is connected to the second end of the low voltage load through the fourth relay LVS_2.
  • This connection mode can realize the isolation of the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit from the high-voltage battery pack, so that the second power supply unit can provide the second voltage to supply power to the low-voltage load in a separate manner.
  • the plurality of power supply units include a first power supply unit, a second power supply unit and a third power supply unit;
  • the relay array includes a first relay HVS_1, a second relay HVS_2, a third relay LVS_1, a third relay Four relays LVS_2, fifth relays LVS_3 and sixth relays LVS_4;
  • the set connection relationship includes: a first relay HVS_1 is connected between the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit; the second power supply unit A second relay HVS_2 is connected with the third power supply unit; the first pole of the second power supply unit is connected to the first end of the low-voltage load through the third relay LVS_1; the second pole of the second power supply unit is connected through the fourth relay LVS_2 is connected to the second end of the low-voltage load; the first pole of the first power supply unit is connected to the first end of the low-voltage load through the fifth relay LVS_3; the second pole of the first power supply unit is connected to the low-voltage load through the sixth
  • This connection mode can realize the isolation of the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit from the high-voltage battery pack, so that the first power supply unit or the second power supply unit can independently provide the second voltage to power the low-voltage load.
  • the plurality of power supply units include a first power supply unit, a second power supply unit and a third power supply unit;
  • the relay array includes a first relay HVS_1, a second relay HVS_2, a third relay LVS_1, a third relay Four relays LVS_2, fifth relays LVS_3 and sixth relays LVS_4;
  • the set connection relationship includes: a first relay HVS_1 is connected between the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit; the second power supply unit A second relay HVS_2 is connected with the third power supply unit; the first pole of the second power supply unit is connected to the first end of the low-voltage load through the third relay LVS_1; the second pole of the second power supply unit is connected through the fourth relay LVS_2 is connected to the second pole of the first power supply unit; the first pole of the first power supply unit is connected to the first end of the low voltage load through the fifth relay LVS_3; the second pole of the first power supply unit is connected to the sixth relay LVS_4 is connected to the second
  • This connection method can realize the isolation of the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit from the high-voltage battery pack, so that the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit can provide the second voltage to the low-voltage load in a separate or combined manner powered by.
  • the system further includes a DC chopper; the relay array further includes a seventh relay HVS_3 and an eighth relay HVS_Pos; the set connection relationship further includes: the third power supply unit The eighth relay HVS_Pos is connected between the first stage and the first stage of the input side of the DC chopper; the second stage of the third power supply unit and the second stage of the input side of the DC chopper are connected.
  • the seventh relay HVS_3 is connected between them; the second relay HVS_2 is connected between the second stage of the input side of the DC chopper and the first pole of the second power supply unit; the seventh relay HVS_3 is connected in series with the second relay HVS_2 connected with the first pole of the second power supply unit; the low-voltage load is connected between the first stage and the second pole of the output side of the DC chopper.
  • This connection method can realize the isolation of the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit from the high-voltage battery pack, so that the DC chopper can provide the second voltage to supply power to the low-voltage load, and provide the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit with power.
  • the power supply unit is actively balanced.
  • the second relay HVS_2 is a linkage relay; it includes a first linkage unit HVS_2′ and a second linkage unit HVS_2′′; the second relay HVS_2 passes through the second linkage unit HVS_2′′ and the first linkage unit HVS_2' is connected to the second pole of the first power supply unit.
  • the second relay HVS_2 is always in an off state during operation, and isolates the third power supply unit that supplies power to the DC/DC chopper from the first power supply unit and/or the second power supply unit that supplies power to the low-voltage load.
  • the second relay HVS_2 can also isolate the input and output of the DC chopper DC/DC.
  • the second relay (HVS_2) ensures that the positive and negative electrodes of the low-voltage power supply system and the positive and negative electrodes of the high-voltage system are always in an isolated state.
  • a relay array is added inside the battery pack, so that the batteries in the high-voltage battery pack can be time-shared to supply power to the low-voltage load, thereby eliminating the low-voltage battery in the traditional power supply scheme; by combining the relays Control, can provide a variety of low-voltage power supply modes, such as single-battery independent power supply, double-battery parallel power supply, double-battery series power supply, etc., making the low-voltage power supply system more reliable; through the combined control of relays, it is possible to realize the power supply for low-voltage loads. In order to avoid the problem that this part of the battery is too different from other batteries due to the long-term power supply to the low-voltage load.
  • the time-sharing multiplexing of the battery pack in the high-voltage battery pack to supply power to the low-voltage load solves the problem of large space and volume caused by the low-voltage battery in the traditional low-voltage power supply solution;
  • the low-voltage redundant power supply system can solve the problem that the traditional low-voltage power supply scheme cannot actively balance the battery and cannot realize the redundant power supply function for the low-voltage load. It can not only improve the reliability of the power supply, but also avoid the high-voltage power caused by the unbalanced battery SOC. The problem of system power derating.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the electric vehicle power supply system provided by Scheme 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a new energy vehicle power supply system provided by scheme 2 without low-voltage batteries;
  • 3a is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit supplying power to a low-voltage load in a low-voltage redundant power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 3b is a schematic diagram showing the combination of on and off states of a relay array in which a power supply unit supplies power to a low-voltage load while the high-voltage battery pack supplies power to a high-voltage load in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in Fig. 3a;
  • Fig. 3c is a schematic diagram showing the combination of open and closed states of a relay array for supplying power to a low-voltage load based on a power supply unit in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in Fig. 3a;
  • FIG. 3d is an equivalent circuit diagram of the battery B 2 shown in FIG. 3c as a power supply unit to supply power to a low-voltage load alone;
  • 4a is a schematic diagram of two power supply units respectively supplying power to low-voltage loads in a low-voltage redundant power supply system provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 4b is a schematic diagram of a combination of open and closed states based on the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 4a that the high-voltage battery pack supplies power to the high-voltage load, and the two power supply units can respectively supply power to the low-voltage load;
  • Fig. 4c is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the time-sharing multiplexed battery B 2 supplies power to the low-voltage load in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 4a under the high-voltage power-off state;
  • Fig. 4d is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the time-sharing multiplexed battery B1 supplies power to the low - voltage load in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 4a under the high-voltage power-off state;
  • 5a is a schematic diagram of a combination of two power supply units in a low-voltage redundant power supply system provided by an embodiment of the application to supply power to a low-voltage load;
  • Fig. 5b is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the high-voltage battery pack supplies power to the high-voltage load in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 5a;
  • Fig. 5c is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the time-division multiplexing battery B1 in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 5a supplies power to the low - voltage load;
  • Fig. 5d is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the time-division multiplexing battery B 2 supplies power to the low-voltage load based on the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 5a;
  • 5e is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the time-division multiplexing battery B 1 and the battery B 2 are connected in series to supply power to the low-voltage load in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 5a;
  • Fig. 5f is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the time-division multiplexing battery B 1 and the battery B 2 are connected in parallel to supply power to the low-voltage load in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 5a;
  • 6a is a schematic diagram of using a DC chopper DC/DC to supply power to a low-voltage load in a low-voltage redundant power supply system provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • Fig. 6b is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the DC chopper DC/DC is in a non-working state and the time-sharing multiplexed battery B1 supplies power to the low - voltage load based on the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 6a;
  • Fig. 6c is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the low-voltage load LVLoads is powered by the DC chopper DC/DC in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 6a;
  • Fig. 6d is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when power is supplied from the high-voltage battery pack to the DC chopper DC/DC in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 6a;
  • 6e is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the DC chopper DC/DC is balanced for the battery B 2 in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 6a;
  • FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of a circuit diagram of a dual-battery balance for supplying power to a low-voltage load by a DC/DC pair of a DC chopper in a low-voltage redundant power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 7b is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array based on the DC/DC power supply of the DC chopper and the active balance of the battery B 2 in the low-voltage redundant power supply system of Fig. 7a;
  • Fig. 7c is a schematic diagram showing the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array based on the DC/DC power supply of the DC chopper and the active balance of the battery B 1 in the low-voltage redundant power supply system of Fig. 7a;
  • Fig. 7d is a schematic diagram showing the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array based on the low-voltage redundant power supply system of Fig. 7a for the DC/DC power supply of the DC chopper and the parallel balance of the battery B 1 and the battery B 2 ;
  • FIG. 7e is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array with no balance in the DC/DC power supply of the DC chopper in the low-voltage redundant power supply system based on FIG. 7a;
  • Fig. 7f is a schematic diagram showing the combination of on and off states of the relay array when the power supply unit in the high-voltage power pack of the time-division multiplexing of the DC chopper DC/DC in the low-voltage redundant power supply system based on Fig. 7a supplies power to the low-voltage load.
  • Scheme 1 provides an existing electric vehicle power supply system.
  • the system has a built-in low-power 12V DC power supply 22 in the power battery pack 20, directly converts the high-voltage power of the power battery 20 into 12V low-voltage DC power, and provides a low-voltage power supply for the controller.
  • 12V battery, the DC/DC output of the DC chopper is connected to other low-voltage loads.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the electric vehicle power supply system provided by Scheme 1.
  • scheme 1 adds a low-power 12V DC power supply 22 in the power battery pack 20 to supply power to the controller that requires low voltage and constant power; the DC/DC output end of the DC chopper in the car is divided into a power supply through a diode It is then connected in parallel to the output end of the 12V DC power supply 22 , and the DC/DC chopper supplies power to the control circuit at the same time when it is working;
  • Option 1 requires an additional control circuit in the power battery pack 20, which can convert the high voltage of the power battery into a low-voltage 12V DC; the reliability of the voltage conversion control circuit in the power battery pack 20 cannot be guaranteed, and a battery is required
  • the management system detects the built-in low voltage load; the DC chopper DC/DC does not work and there is no backup power supply when the AC equalization gun is not plugged in.
  • Scheme 2 provides a new energy vehicle power supply system that cancels the low-voltage battery.
  • the system sets a low-voltage tap in the high-voltage battery pack, and provides low-voltage power for the controller and other low-voltage loads through the low-voltage tap.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a new energy vehicle power supply system provided by solution 2 without low-voltage batteries.
  • a 12V low-voltage tap is set in the high-voltage battery pack, and the 12V low-voltage tap is drawn from a part of the high-voltage battery pack, and a part of the high-voltage battery pack is used to replace the traditional low-voltage battery, saving the space occupied by the original low-voltage battery;
  • a 48V low-voltage tap can also be set in the high-voltage battery pack, which can directly supply power to the 48V load.
  • Scheme 2 cannot realize the active balancing function.
  • the battery with 12V low-voltage tap is part of the high-voltage battery pack. When the state of charge of this part of the battery is too different from that of other module batteries, it will seriously limit the high-voltage battery pack's ability to output electrical energy externally; Scheme 2 cannot realize redundant low-voltage power supply, and cannot guarantee the reliability of power supply; the high-voltage power supply system and the low-voltage power supply system cannot be isolated, and there are potential safety hazards.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes a low-voltage redundant power supply system.
  • the basic principle is to time-division multiplex the batteries/batteries in the high-voltage battery pack to supply power to low-voltage loads through combined control of relay arrays.
  • the system includes a relay array composed of multiple relays. When the high-voltage load is powered off, the battery in the time-sharing high-voltage battery pack can be controlled by the relay combination to supply power to the low-voltage load.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes a low-voltage redundant power supply system, which does not require an additional low-power 12V DC power supply compared to the solutions 1 and 2, thereby eliminating the low-voltage battery setting in the traditional low-voltage power supply solution, and can provide a variety of Low-voltage power supply modes, such as single-battery independent power supply, double-battery parallel power supply, and double-battery series power supply, can realize redundant low-voltage power supply and isolate it from the power supply system of high-voltage loads, making the power supply system of low-voltage loads more reliable.
  • Low-voltage power supply modes such as single-battery independent power supply, double-battery parallel power supply, and double-battery series power supply
  • a low-voltage redundant power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application is described in detail below.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a low-voltage redundant power supply system, which includes: a high-voltage battery pack and a relay array; wherein the high-voltage battery pack provides a first voltage, and the high-voltage battery packs are connected in series with several power supply units, and the power supply unit is a high-voltage battery Equivalent power supply of at least one battery or several batteries in series/parallel in the pack; each relay in the relay array is connected to each power supply unit in the high-voltage battery pack according to the set connection relationship; at least one switch in the relay array In the state combination mode, at least one power supply unit in the high-voltage battery pack provides the second voltage through time-division multiplexing to supply power to the low-voltage load. Wherein, the voltage value of the first voltage is higher than the voltage value of the second voltage.
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit supplying power to a low-voltage load in a low-voltage redundant power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the high-voltage battery pack includes battery B 1 , battery B 2 , battery B 3 , .
  • the battery and the relay array can be connected according to the following connection relationship: a relay HVS_1 is set between the battery B 1 and the battery B 2 , and the relay HVS_1 isolates the battery B 1 from the battery B 2 in a disconnected state; the battery B 2 and the battery B 3 A relay HVS_2 is set between, and the relay HVS_2 isolates the battery B 2 from the battery B 3 in the disconnected state; the first pole of the battery B 2 is connected to the first end of the low-voltage load through the relay LVS_1; the second pole of the battery B 2 is connected through the relay.
  • LVS_2 is connected to the second end of the low voltage load.
  • the relay HVS_2 adopts a linkage relay, and also includes a first linkage unit HVS_2′ and a second linkage unit HVS_2′′.
  • the branch d1 branched from the negative electrode of the battery B3 is connected to the input end of the second linkage unit HVS_2′′, and the second linkage unit HVS_2
  • the output terminal of "" is connected to the output terminal of the first linkage unit HVS_2' through the branch d2, and the input terminal of the first linkage unit HVS_2' is connected to the negative pole of the battery B1.
  • the output terminal of the second linkage unit is connected to the relay HVS_NEG through the branch d3. input.
  • the state of the first linkage unit HVS_2' is the same as that of the relay HVS_2, and the state of the second linkage unit HVS_2' is opposite to the state of the relay HVS_2.
  • the state of the relay HVS_2 is disconnected, the state of the first linkage unit HVS_2' is disconnected, and the second The state of the linkage unit HVS_2" is closed; when the state of the relay HVS_2 is closed, the state of the first linkage unit HVS_2' is closed, and the state of the second linkage unit HVS_2" is open.
  • Fig. 3b is a schematic diagram showing the combination of on and off states of a relay array based on the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in Fig. 3a while a high-voltage battery pack supplies power to a high-voltage load, and a power supply unit supplies power to a low-voltage load.
  • the sub-battery pack composed of some batteries in the high-voltage battery pack provides the first voltage Delivers electrical energy to high voltage loads; battery B 2 is isolated from the high voltage battery pack and provides a second voltage to power low voltage loads.
  • the low-voltage redundant power supply system provided by the embodiment of the present application can use a battery in the high-voltage battery pack as a power supply unit to provide a second voltage in a high-voltage power-off state to provide a second voltage for Low voltage loads provide redundant power supply.
  • Fig. 3c is a schematic diagram showing the combination of on and off states of a relay array for supplying power to a low-voltage load based on one power supply unit in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in Fig. 3a.
  • the battery B 2 acts as a power supply unit to provide the second voltage alone to supply power to the low-voltage load.
  • the battery B2 is isolated from the high - voltage battery pack, and acts as a power supply unit to supply power to the low-voltage load LVLoads alone, and the power of the low-voltage load LVLoads is completely provided by the battery B2.
  • This power supply method can isolate the redundant batteries in the high-voltage battery pack to supply power to the low-voltage load LVLoads, and can also avoid the abnormality of the power supply system of the high - voltage load caused by the abnormality of the battery B2.
  • FIG. 3d is an equivalent circuit diagram of the battery B2 shown in FIG. 3c as a power supply unit to supply power to a low - voltage load alone.
  • a relay LVS_1 is set between the first pole of any power supply unit B i in the high-voltage battery pack and the first end of the low-voltage load; between the second pole of the power supply unit B i and the second end of the low-voltage load Set relay LVS_2.
  • the power supply unit B i When the relay LVS_1 and the relay LVS_2 are both in the closed state, the power supply unit B i provides the second voltage to supply power to the low-voltage load; when the relay LVS_1 and the relay LVS_2 are both in the open state, the power supply to the low-voltage load is stopped.
  • the power supply unit B i can be a battery in a high-voltage battery pack, or it can be an equivalent power supply of several batteries in series/parallel.
  • the embodiments of the present application include a battery in a high-voltage battery pack or a series/parallel equivalent power supply of several batteries as a power supply unit to provide redundancy for low-voltage loads under different combinations of open and closed states of the relay array.
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of two power supply units respectively supplying power to low-voltage loads in a low-voltage redundant power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • relay LVS_3 and relay LVS_4 are added to the relay array on the basis of Figure 3a.
  • a relay LVS_3 is arranged between the first pole of the battery B 1 and the first end of the low-voltage load;
  • a relay LVS_4 is arranged between the second pole of the battery B 1 and the second end of the low-voltage load.
  • Fig. 4b is a schematic diagram showing the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array based on the high-voltage battery pack supplying power to the high-voltage load in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 4a, and the two power supply units can respectively supply power to the low-voltage load.
  • relay HVS_3, relay LVS_4, relay HVS_Pos, and relay HVS_NEG are all closed, and relay HVS_1, relay HVS_2, relay LVS_1, and relay LVS_2 are all open, the sub-cells composed of some batteries in the high-voltage battery pack
  • the battery pack provides the first voltage to deliver electrical energy to the high-voltage load; the battery B1 is isolated from the high - voltage battery pack and provides the first voltage to supply power to the low-voltage load.
  • Fig. 4c is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the time-sharing multiplexed battery B2 supplies power to the low - voltage load in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 4a under the high-voltage power-off state.
  • the battery B 2 in the high-voltage battery pack provides the second voltage, which is Low voltage load power supply.
  • FIG. 4d is a schematic diagram of the on-off state of the relay array based on the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 4a under the high-voltage power-off state, the time-division multiplexing battery B1 supplies power to the low - voltage load.
  • the battery B1 in the high - voltage battery pack provides the second voltage, which is Low voltage load power supply.
  • Figure 4c provides a low-voltage power supply system in which the battery B 2 alone supplies power in a high-voltage power-off state
  • Figure 4d provides a low-voltage power supply system in which the battery B 1 supplies power alone in a high-voltage power-off state
  • Figure 3c provides a separate power supply system for the battery B 2
  • the equivalent circuit diagram of the low-voltage power supply system is shown in Figure 3d. The three solutions are equivalent, and all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.
  • relay arrays use the equivalent power supply of a single battery or multiple batteries in a high-voltage battery pack as a power supply unit to supply power to a low-voltage load under different combinations of open and closed states, all of which are protected in the embodiments of the present application. within the range.
  • FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of a combination of two power supply units in a low-voltage redundant power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application to supply power to a low-voltage load.
  • the difference from Figures 4a-4d is that the relay LVS_4 is connected in series between the relay LVS_2 and the second end of the low-voltage load; the common node between the relay LVS_2 and the relay LVS_4 is connected to the second terminal of the battery B 1 pole.
  • FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the high-voltage battery pack supplies power to the high-voltage load based on the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 5a.
  • the sub-battery pack composed of some batteries in the high-voltage battery pack provides The first voltage transmits electrical energy to the high-voltage load; the battery B 1 and the battery B 2 are isolated from the high-voltage battery pack, and the second voltage can be provided individually or in combination to supply power to the low-voltage load.
  • FIG. 5c is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the time-division multiplexing battery B1 supplies power to the low - voltage load in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 5a.
  • the battery B 1 in the high-voltage battery pack is used as the first power supply
  • the unit provides a second voltage to power the low voltage load.
  • the first power supply unit may be a battery or an equivalent power supply of several batteries in series/parallel.
  • FIG. 5d is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the time-division multiplexing battery B 2 supplies power to the low-voltage load based on the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 5a.
  • the battery B 2 in the high-voltage battery pack is used as the second power supply unit to provide The second voltage supplies power to the low-voltage load.
  • the second power supply unit may be a battery or an equivalent power supply of several batteries in series/parallel.
  • FIG. 5e is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the time-division multiplexing battery B 1 and the battery B 2 are connected in series to supply power to the low-voltage load in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 5a.
  • the relay HVS_2 and the relay LVS_3 are in the off state, and the relay HVS_1, the relay LVS_1 and the relay LVS_4 are all in the closed state
  • the battery B 1 in the high-voltage battery pack is used as the first power supply unit and Battery B 2 acts as a second power supply unit in series to provide a second voltage for powering low voltage loads LVLoads.
  • Fig. 5f is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the time-division multiplexing battery B 1 and the battery B 2 are connected in parallel to supply power to the low-voltage load in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 5a.
  • the relays HVS_1 and HVS_2 are in the disconnected state, and the relays LVS_1, LVS_2, LVS_3 and the relay LVS_4 are in the closed state
  • the battery B1 in the high-voltage battery pack is used as the first power supply unit and Battery B 2 acts as a second power supply unit in parallel to provide a second voltage for powering low voltage loads LVLoads.
  • the battery B 1 and the battery B 2 are in a parallel state and isolated from the high-voltage system, and the power of the low-voltage load LVLoads is completely provided by the battery B 1 and the battery B 2 .
  • external power supply can provide a higher supply current for low-voltage loads LVLoads, and can also alleviate the difference in charge imbalance caused by battery B 1 and battery B 2 supplying external power for a long time.
  • the linkage relay HVS_2 is in the off state, and the open and closed states of the relay HVS_Pos and the relay HVS_NEG have no effect on the power supply of the low-voltage load, which is not discussed here.
  • the battery that supplies power to the low-voltage load will have an unbalanced battery residual charge (SOC).
  • SOC battery residual charge
  • the output power of the unbalanced battery and other batteries in the high-voltage battery pack will be different, which will lead to a power drop in the high-voltage power system. Forehead.
  • a low-voltage redundant power supply system is provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a DC chopper DC/DC is set in the system, and a number of relays, such as relay HVS_3, are correspondingly added.
  • the DC chopper DC/DC is used to supply power to the low-voltage load, so as to avoid the power derating of the high-voltage power system caused by the unbalanced charge (SOC) of the battery that supplies the low-voltage load for a long time.
  • SOC unbalanced charge
  • the above principle of using the DC chopper DC/DC to supply power to the low voltage load is to use the DC chopper DC/DC to convert the high voltage provided by the high voltage battery pack sub-battery group into a low voltage, so as to supply power for the low voltage load; DC The DC/DC output side of the chopper is connected to the low-voltage load and supplies power to the low-voltage load.
  • the sub-battery group composed of some batteries of the high-voltage battery pack is used as the third power supply unit.
  • the third power supply unit includes a sub-battery group other than the first power supply unit and/or the second power supply unit.
  • FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of using a DC chopper DC/DC to supply power to a low-voltage load in a low-voltage redundant power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6a is based on the low-voltage power supply schematic diagram of the single battery power supply shown in Fig. 3a, a DC chopper DC/DC is set, and the relay HVS_3 is set accordingly, and the relay HVS_3 converts the high-voltage battery pack into the DC chopper DC
  • the third power supply unit for /DC power supply is isolated from the first power supply unit and /the second power supply unit for power supply of low voltage loads.
  • the relay HVS_Pos is arranged between the first pole of the input side of the DC chopper DC/DC and the first pole of the battery B n ;
  • the relay HVS_3 is arranged between the DC chopper DC/DC Between the second pole of the input side and the second pole of the battery B 3 ; when the relay HVS_Pos and the relay HVS_3 are in the open state, the input power supply of the DC chopper DC/DC is isolated; when the relay HVS_Pos and the relay HVS_3 are in the closed state In the state, the third power supply unit supplies power to the DC chopper DC/DC.
  • the third power supply unit is a battery pack composed of batteries B 3 to B n .
  • the linkage relay HVS_2 is arranged between the relay HVS_3 and the battery B 2 ; the linkage relay HVS_2 is always in a disconnected state during operation, and will be the third power supply unit that supplies power to the DC/DC chopper and the third power supply unit that supplies power to the low-voltage load. A power supply unit and/or a second power supply unit are isolated. The linkage relay HVS_2 can also isolate the input and output of the DC chopper DC/DC.
  • the first power supply unit is battery B 2
  • the second power supply unit is B 1 .
  • the output side of the DC chopper DC/DC is connected to the low voltage load LVLoads.
  • Figure 6b is a schematic diagram of the combination of on and off states of the relay array when the DC chopper DC/DC is in a non-working state and the time-sharing multiplexing battery B2 supplies power to the low - voltage load based on the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 6a.
  • FIG. 6c is a schematic diagram of the combination of open and closed states of the relay array when the low-voltage load LVLoads are powered by the DC chopper DC/DC in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 6a.
  • the third power supply unit in the high-voltage battery pack is used for the DC chopper.
  • the second voltage is provided by the DC chopper DC/DC to supply power to the low-voltage load LVLoads.
  • the relay HVS_NEG is disconnected, and the HVLoads are in the high-voltage power-off state.
  • the relay HVS_NEG is closed, the high-voltage battery pack provides a second voltage to power the high-voltage load HVLoads, and the DC chopper DC/DC provides a second voltage to the low-voltage load LVLoads. powered by.
  • the battery B 1 and the battery B 2 can also be connected in series to the high-voltage battery pack through the combined control of the relay array to supply power to the high-voltage load HVLoads.
  • FIG. 6d is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the high-voltage battery pack supplies power to the DC chopper DC/DC in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 6a.
  • the relay HVS_1, the relay HVS_2, the relay HVS_3, the relay HVS_Pos and the relay HVS_NEG are all in the closed state
  • the relay LVS_1 and the relay LVS_2 are in the open state
  • the battery B 1 and the battery B 2 are connected to the high-voltage battery in series In the package, it can deliver electrical energy to the high-voltage load as a whole with the high-voltage battery pack.
  • the DC chopper DC/DC can convert the high voltage provided by some sub-battery packs of the high - voltage battery pack into low voltage to supply power for the low-voltage load LVLoads .
  • This embodiment can avoid the phenomenon of power derating of the high-voltage power system due to battery imbalance.
  • the DC chopper DC/DC can be used to balance the battery B 1 , the battery B 2 or other batteries supplying the low voltage load.
  • FIG. 6e is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array when the DC chopper DC/DC is balanced for the battery B 2 in the low-voltage redundant power supply system shown in 6a.
  • the DC chopper DC/DC equalizes battery B 2 .
  • battery B 2 is a power supply unit in the high-voltage battery pack.
  • the relay HVS_NEG can be in an open state or a closed state, which has no effect on the DC/DC of the DC chopper.
  • DC chopper DC/DC to balance the power supply units in the high-voltage battery pack can avoid the reduction of the power supply capability of the low-voltage load due to insufficient battery power, and avoid the loss of power due to battery B 1 , battery B 2 or other batteries that supply low-voltage loads.
  • the DC chopper DC/DC can also provide active balancing for dual cells supplying low voltage loads.
  • Active balancing of battery B 1 and battery B 2 includes battery B 1 active balancing mode, battery B 2 active balancing mode, and low-voltage power supply mode in which battery B 2 and battery B 1 are connected in parallel. The above-mentioned various equalization modes are discussed in detail below.
  • Fig. 7a is a schematic diagram of a circuit diagram of a dual-battery balance for supplying power to a low-voltage load by a DC/DC pair of a DC chopper in a low-voltage redundant power supply system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • relay LVS_3 and relay LVS_4 are added to the relay array on the basis of Figure 6a.
  • a relay LVS_3 is set between the first pole of the battery B1 and the first end of the low-voltage load; a relay LVS_4 is connected in series between the relay LVS_2 and the second end of the low-voltage load; the common node between the relay LVS_2 and the relay LVS_4 Connect the second pole of battery B1.
  • Fig. 7b is a schematic diagram showing the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array based on the DC/DC power supply of the DC chopper and the active balance of the battery B 2 in the low-voltage redundant power supply system of Fig. 7a.
  • relay LVS_1, relay LVS_2, relay LVS_4, relay HVS_3 and relay HVS_Pos are closed, the state of relay LVS_3, relay HVS_1 and relay HVS_2 is disconnected, and the third power supply unit supplies DC/DC power to the DC chopper,
  • the DC chopper DC/DC powers the low voltage load while actively balancing the battery B2.
  • the state of the relay HVS_Neg in the figure can be either disconnected or closed. Refer to Table 1 for the open and closed status of each relay.
  • Fig. 7c is a schematic diagram showing the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array based on the DC/DC power supply of the DC chopper and the active balance of the battery B 1 in the low-voltage redundant power supply system of Fig. 7a.
  • the states of relay LVS_3, relay LVS_4, relay HVS_3 and relay HVS_Pos are closed, the states of relay LVS_1, relay LVS_2, relay HVS_1, and relay HVS_2 are open, and the third power supply unit is a DC chopper DC/ The DC power supply, the DC chopper DC/DC supplies power to the low voltage load, and at the same time actively balances the battery B 1 .
  • the state of the relay HVS_Neg in the figure can be open or closed. Refer to Table 1 for the open and closed status of each relay.
  • the linkage relay HVS_2 is disconnected, so that the battery B 1 and the battery B 2 are isolated from the high-voltage load; after the high-voltage load is powered on, the DC chopper DC/ The DC is in the power-on state, and the power of the low-voltage load LVLoads is provided by the DC chopper DC/DC.
  • the DC chopper DC/DC balances battery B 1 or battery B 2 while supplying power to low-voltage loads LVLoads. By actively balancing battery B 1 or battery B 2 , battery B 1 or battery B 2 can be eliminated. SOC imbalance difference caused by external power supply for a long time.
  • FIG. 7d is a schematic diagram showing the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array in the low-voltage redundant power supply system based on FIG. 7a for the DC/DC power supply of the DC chopper, and the parallel balancing of the battery B 1 and the battery B 2 .
  • the state of relay LVS_1, relay LVS_2, relay LVS_3, relay LVS_4, relay HVS_3 and relay HVS_Pos is closed, the state of relay HVS_1 and relay HVS_2 is disconnected, and the third power supply unit is a DC chopper DC/ The DC power supply, the DC chopper DC/DC supplies power to the low voltage load, while equalizing the parallel battery B 1 and battery B 2 .
  • the state of the relay HVS_Neg in the figure can be open or closed. Refer to Table 1 for the opening and closing status of each relay.
  • the battery B 1 and the battery B 2 are in parallel state and isolated from the high voltage load, and the DC chopper DC/DC balances the parallel battery B 1 and the battery B 2 while supplying power to the low voltage load LVLoads;
  • the SOC imbalance caused by the external power supply of the battery B 1 and the battery B 2 for a long time can be eliminated.
  • FIG. 7e is a schematic diagram of the combination of the open and closed states of the relay array without balance in the DC/DC power supply of the DC chopper in the low-voltage redundant power supply system based on FIG. 7a.
  • relay LVS_1, relay LVS_2, relay LVS_3, relay LVS_4 are disconnected, relay HVS_1, relay HVS_2, HVS_3, relay HVS_Neg and relay HVS_Pos are closed, battery B 1 and battery B 2 are connected in series to the high-voltage battery pack, and the high-voltage
  • the battery pack provides a first voltage for powering the high-voltage load HVLoads, and at the same time provides a high-voltage power supply for the DC chopper DC/DC, and the DC chopper DC/DC outputs a second voltage for powering the low-voltage load LVLoads.
  • Table 1 for the open and closed status of each relay.
  • battery B 1 and battery B 2 are connected in series with other batteries in the high-voltage power pack as part of the high-voltage power pack, and are isolated from the low-voltage load.
  • the high-voltage power pack including battery B 1 and battery B 2 can provide high-voltage power supply for the DC chopper DC/DC. After the DC chopper DC/DC is powered on, it can supply power for low-voltage loads LVLoads.
  • Fig. 7f is a schematic diagram showing the combination of on and off states of the relay array when the power supply unit in the high-voltage power pack of the time-division multiplexing of the DC chopper DC/DC in the low-voltage redundant power supply system based on Fig. 7a supplies power to the low-voltage load.
  • the combined setting of the open and closed states of the relay LVS_1, the relay LVS_2, the relay LVS_3, the relay LVS_4, and the relay HVS_1 can realize that the battery B 1 alone supplies power for the low-voltage load, the battery B 2 supplies power for the low-voltage load alone, and the battery B 1 It is connected in series with the battery B 2 to supply power for the low-voltage load, and the battery B 1 and the battery B 2 are connected in parallel to supply power for the low-voltage load, which will not be repeated here.
  • Table 1 for the opening and closing status of each relay.
  • the low-voltage redundant power supply system proposed in the embodiment of the present application, through the combined control of the relays, time-sharing and multiplexing the batteries in the high-voltage battery pack to supply power for the low-voltage redundant power supply system, which not only cancels the setting of the independent battery in the traditional power supply scheme At the same time, it can provide more low-voltage power supply modes, such as single-battery independent power supply, double-battery parallel power supply, double-battery series power supply, etc.
  • the high-voltage power supply system is isolated from the low-voltage power supply system, eliminating potential safety hazards and making the low-voltage power supply system more reliable.
  • the DC/DC chopper after the DC/DC chopper is powered on, it can perform single-cell active balancing and dual-cell active balancing for the battery used to power the low-voltage load according to the state of charge of the battery. Balance, etc., so as to avoid the problem that the state of charge of this part of the battery is too different from other batteries due to the long-term supply of power to the low-voltage load.
  • the battery used for powering the low-voltage load can be "returned” to the high-voltage battery pack according to requirements, so as to make full use of the battery pack high-voltage power supply capability.

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Abstract

一种低压冗余供电系统，包括：高压电池包，用于提供第一电压，高压电池包包括依次串联的若干个供电单元；供电单元为高压电池包中的至少一个电池或若干个电池串/并联的等效电源；和继电器阵列，所述继电器阵列中的各个继电器按照设定的连接关系与所述高压电池包中的各个供电单元相连；在所述继电器阵列的至少一种开闭状态组合方式下，高压电池包中的至少一个供电单元经分时复用提供第二电压，为低压载荷供电；所述第一电压高于所述第二电压。上述系统能解决传统低压供电方案无法对电池的主动均衡和无法实现对低压载荷的冗余供电功能的问题，能够提高供电可靠性，避免由于电池SOC不均衡导致的高压动力系统功率降额。

Description

一种低压冗余供电系统 技术领域
本申请涉及电动汽车技术领域，特别是指一种低压冗余供电系统。
背景技术
当前的电动汽车低压供电系统，绝大多数沿用了传统燃油车辆的供电方案，即，配置一个独立的12V铅酸蓄电池给控制器和其他低压器件提供电能。独立的12V蓄电池不仅空间体积占用大，降低了供电系统的能量密度，且由于采用单电源供电，供电可靠性无法保障，车辆长期停滞状态下，容易造成车辆无法正常启动。
在一些现有技术中，采用2个低压蓄电池的冗余供电系统或智能补电系统虽提高了低压载荷的供电可靠性，但低压电池的空间体积占用问题并未得到解决。针对此问题，已有技术提出通过借用动力电池包中的部分电池给低压载荷供电，从而取消12V蓄电池，节省空间占用，但这些技术本质上是将低压供电电池“藏”于动力电池包，并非真正意义上取消了低压蓄电池；无主动均衡功能，用于低压供电的电池SOC过低时，将严重影响整个高压电池包对外的能量输出能力，导致整车行驶过程中限功率、限车速等；这些技术无法实现冗余供电，供电可靠性无法保障，车辆长期停滞状态下，容易造成车辆无法正常启动。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请的实施例提供一种低压冗余供电系统，以能解决低压蓄电池的空间体积占用大、无主动均衡功能和无法实现对低压载荷的冗余供电的问题。
本申请提供的一种低压冗余供电系统包括：高压电池包，用于提供第一电压，所述高压电池包包括依次串联的若干个供电单元；所述供电单元为所述高压电池包中的至少一个电池或若干个电池串/并联的等效电源；和继电器阵列，所述继电器阵列中的各个继电器按照设定的连接关系与所述高压电池包中的各个供电单元相连；在所述继电器阵列的至少一种开闭状态组合方式下，所述高压电池包中的至少一个供电单元经分时复用提供第二电压，为低压载荷供电；所述第一电压高于所述第二电压。
采用这种供电方式可以将高压电池包中电量冗余的电池隔离出来为低压载荷LVLoads供电，还可以避免由于该电池异常引起的高压载荷的供电系统异常。
在一种实施方式中，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元和至少一个第二供电单元，在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，由所述第一供电单元或第二供电单元提供第二电压，为所述低压载荷供电。
不同继电器阵列在不同的开闭状态组合方式下，由高压电池包中的单电池或多个电池的等效电源作为供电单元对低压载荷供电，均在本申请实施例的保护范围内。
在一种实施方式中，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元和第二供电单元，在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，由所述第一供电单元和至少一个第二供 电单元串联提供第二电压，为所述低压载荷供电。
第一供电单元和至少一个第二供电单元处于串联状态并与高压系统隔离，低压载荷LVLoads的电能完全由第一供电单元和至少一个第二供电单元提供。第一供电单元和至少一个第二供电单元串联后对外供电,可以为低压载荷LVLoads提供较高的第二电压。
在一种实施方式中，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元和第二供电单元，在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，由所述第一供电单元和第二供电单元并联提供第二电压，为所述低压载荷供电。
第一供电单元和第二供电单元处于并联状态并与高压系统隔离，低压载荷LVLoads的电能完全由第一供电单元和第二供电单元提供。第一供电单元和第二供电单元并联后对外供电可以为低压载荷LVLoads提供较高的供电电流，还可以缓解第一供电单元和第二供电单元长时间对外供电引起的电荷不均衡的差异。
在一种实施方式中，所述系统还包括直流斩波器，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元和第三供电单元；所述第一供电单元为低压载荷供电；在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，所述第一供电单元中断为低压载荷供电，由所述第三供电单元为所述直流斩波器供电，由所述直流斩波器提供第二电压，为所述低压载荷供电。
利用直流斩波器DC/DC为低压载荷进行供电，可以避免为低压载荷长期供电的电池由于电荷(SOC)不均衡导致的高压动力系统功率降额。
在一种实施方式中，所述系统还包括直流斩波器，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元和第三供电单元；所述第一供电单元为低压载荷供电；在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，由所述第三供电单元为所述直流斩波器供电，由直流斩波器提供第二电压，为所述第一供电单元均衡,并为低压载荷供电。
采用直流斩波器DC/DC为高压电池包中的供电单元均衡可以避免由于电池电量不足对低压载荷的供电能力下降，同时避免由于供电单元或其它为低压载荷供电的电池的SOC不均衡导致的高压动力系统功率降额。
在一种实施方式中，所述系统还包括直流斩波器，所述若干个供电单元还包括第三供电单元；在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，由所述第三供电单元为所述直流斩波器供电，由所述直流斩波器提供第二电压，为所述第一供电单元或第二供电单元均衡,并为低压载荷供电。
直流斩波器DC/DC在给低压载荷LVLoads提供电能的同时，通过对第一供电单元或第二供电单元进行主动均衡，可以消除第一供电单元或第二供电单元长时间对外供电引起的SOC不均衡差异。
在一种实施方式中，所述系统还包括直流斩波器，所述若干个供电单元还包括第三供电单元；在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，由所述第三供电单元为所述直流斩波器供电，由所述直流斩波器提供第二电压，为所述并联的第一电池和第二电池均衡,并为低压载荷供电。
该供电模式下，第一电池和第二电池处于并联状态并且与高压载荷隔离，直流斩波器DC/DC在给低压载荷LVLoads供电的同时，对并联的第一电池和第二电池进行均衡；能够消除第一电池和第二电池长时间对外供电引起SOC不均衡。
在一种实施方式中，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元、第二供电单元和第三供电单元；所述继电器阵列包括第一继电器HVS_1、第二继电器HVS_2、第三继电器LVS_1和第四继电器LVS_2；所述设定的连接关系包括：所述第一供电单元和所述第二供电单元之间连接第一继电器HVS_1；所述第二供电单元和第三供电单元之间连接第二继电器HVS_2；所述第二供电单元的第一极通过第三继电器LVS_1连接低压载荷的第一端；所述第二供电单元的第二极通过第四继电器LVS_2连接低压载荷的第二端。
该连接方式能够实现将第一供电单元和所述第二供电单元从高压电池包中隔离，使得第二供电单元可以以单独方式提供第二电压向低压载荷供电。
在一种实施方式中，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元、第二供电单元和第三供电单元；所述继电器阵列包括第一继电器HVS_1、第二继电器HVS_2、第三继电器LVS_1、第四继电器LVS_2、第五继电器LVS_3和第六继电器LVS_4；所述设定的连接关系包括：所述第一供电单元和所述第二供电单元之间连接第一继电器HVS_1；所述第二供电单元和第三供电单元之间连接第二继电器HVS_2；所述第二供电单元的第一极通过第三继电器LVS_1连接低压载荷的第一端；所述第二供电单元的第二极通过第四继电器LVS_2连接低压载荷的第二端；所述第一供电单元的第一极通过第五继电器LVS_3连接低压载荷的第一端；所述第一供电单元的第二极通过第六继电器LVS_4连接低压载荷的第二端。
该连接方式能够实现将第一供电单元和所述第二供电单元从高压电池包中隔离，使得第一供电单元或所述第二供电单元可以以单独的方式提供第二电压向低压载荷供电。
在一种实施方式中，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元、第二供电单元和第三供电单元；所述继电器阵列包括第一继电器HVS_1、第二继电器HVS_2、第三继电器LVS_1、第四继电器LVS_2、第五继电器LVS_3和第六继电器LVS_4；所述设定的连接关系包括：所述第一供电单元和所述第二供电单元之间连接第一继电器HVS_1；所述第二供电单元和第三供电单元之间连接第二继电器HVS_2；所述第二供电单元的第一极通过第三继电器LVS_1连接低压载荷的第一端；所述第二供电单元的第二极通过第四继电器LVS_2连接所述第一供电单元的第二极；所述第一供电单元的第一极通过第五继电器LVS_3连接低压载荷的第一端；所述第一供电单元的第二极通过第六继电器LVS_4连接低压载荷的第二端。
该连接方式能够实现将第一供电单元和所述第二供电单元从高压电池包中隔离，使得第一供电单元和所述第二供电单元可以以单独或组合的方式提供第二电压向低压载荷供电。
在一种实施方式中，所述系统还包括直流斩波器；所述继电器阵列还包括第七继电器HVS_3和第八继电器HVS_Pos；所述设定的连接关系还包括：所述第三供电单元的第一级和所述直流斩波器的输入侧的第一级之间连接第八继电器HVS_Pos；所述第三供电单元的第二级和所述直流斩波器的输入侧的第二级之间连接第七继电器HVS_3；直流斩波器的输入侧的第二级和所述第二供电单元的第一极之间连接第二继电器HVS_2；所述第七继电器HVS_3与第二继电器HVS_2串联后与所述第二供电单元的第一极连接；所述直流斩波器的输出侧的第一级和第二极之间连接所述低压载荷。
该连接方式能够实现将第一供电单元和所述第二供电单元从高压电池包中隔离，使得直流斩波器可以提供第二电压向低压载荷供电，并为第一供电单元和所述第二供电单元主动均衡。
在一种实施方式中，所述第二继电器HVS_2为联动继电器；包括第一联动单元HVS_2′和第二联动单元HVS_2〞；所述第二继电器HVS_2经过第二联动单元HVS_2〞和第一联动单元HVS_2′连接所述第一供电单元的第二极。
第二继电器HVS_2在工作时一直处于断开状态，将为直流斩波器DC/DC供电的第三供电单元和为低压载荷供电的第一供电单元和/或第二供电单元隔离。第二继电器HVS_2同时能使直流斩波器DC/DC的输入与输出隔离。第二继电器(HVS_2)确保低压供电系统的正负极与高压系统的正负极始终处于隔离状态。
本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统在电池包内部添加继电器阵列，实现分时复用高压电池包中的电池为低压载荷供电，进而取消传统供电方案中的低压蓄电池；通过对继电器的组合控制，可以提供多种低压供电模式，如单电池独立供电、双电池并联供电、双电池串联供电等，使得低压供电系统更加可靠；通过对继电器的组合控制，可以实现对用于为低压载荷供电的电池进行单电池主动均衡、双电池主动均衡等，从而避免该部分电池由于长期给低压载荷供电引起的与其他电池差异过大问题。
通过对继电器的控制，分时复用高压电池包中的电池组为低压载荷供电解决了传统低压供电方案中的低压蓄电池设置所导致的空间体积占用大的问题；同时，本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统能够解决传统低压供电方案无法对电池的主动均衡和无法实现对低压载荷的冗余供电功能的问题，不仅能够提高供电可靠性，同时可以避免由于电池SOC不均衡导致的高压动力系统功率降额的问题。
附图说明
图1为方案1提供的电动汽车供电系统示意图；
图2为方案2提供的一种取消低压电池的新能源汽车供电系统示意图；
图3a本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统中一个供电单元为低压载荷供电的原理图；
图3b为基于图3a所示的低压冗余供电系统中高压电池包向高压载荷供电的同时，一个供电单元为低压载荷供电的继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图；
图3c为基于图3a所示的低压冗余供电系统中的一个供电单元为低压载荷供电的继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图；
图3d为图3c所示的电池B 2作为一个供电单元单独为低压载荷供电等效电路图；
图4a为本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统中两个供电单元分别为低压载荷供电的原理图；
图4b为基于4a所示的低压冗余供电系统中高压电池包为高压载荷供电，两个供电单元可以分别为低压载荷供电的开闭状态组合的示意图；
图4c为基于4a所示的低压冗余供电系统中在高压断电状态下，分时复用电池B 2为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图；
图4d为基于4a所示的低压冗余供电系统中在高压断电状态下，分时复用电池B 1 为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图；
图5a为本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统中两个供电单元组合为低压载荷供电的原理图；
图5b为基于5a所示的低压冗余供电系统中高压电池包向高压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图；
图5c为基于5a所示的低压冗余供电系统中分时复用电池B 1为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图；
图5d为基于5a所示的低压冗余供电系统中分时复用电池B 2为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图；
图5e为基于5a所示的低压冗余供电系统中分时复用电池B 1和电池B 2串联为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图；
图5f为基于5a所示的低压冗余供电系统中分时复用电池B 1和电池B 2并联为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图；
图6a为本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统中利用直流斩波器DC/DC为低压载荷进行供电的原理图；
图6b为基于6a所示低压冗余供电系统中，直流斩波器DC/DC处于非工作状态，分时复用电池B 1为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图；
图6c为基于6a所示低压冗余供电系统中由直流斩波器DC/DC为低压载荷LVLoads供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图；
图6d为基于6a所示低压冗余供电系统中由高压电池包向直流斩波器DC/DC供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图；
图6e为基于6a所示低压冗余供电系统中由直流斩波器DC/DC为电池B 2均衡时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图；
图7a为本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统中直流斩波器DC/DC对为低压载荷供电的双电池均衡的电路原理图；
图7b为基于图7a的低压冗余供电系统中直流斩波器DC/DC供电、电池B 2主动均衡的继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图；
图7c为基于图7a的低压冗余供电系统中直流斩波器DC/DC供电、电池B 1主动均衡的继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图；
图7d为基于图7a的低压冗余供电系统中直流斩波器DC/DC供电、电池B 1和电池B 2并联均衡的继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图；
图7e为基于图7a的低压冗余供电系统中直流斩波器DC/DC供电、无均衡的继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图；
图7f为基于图7a的低压冗余供电系统中直流斩波器DC/DC处于非工作状态、分时复用的高压动力包中的供电单元为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图。
具体实施方式
在以下的描述中，涉及到“一些实施例”，其描述了所有可能实施例的子集，但是可以理解，“一些实施例”可以是所有可能实施例的相同子集或不同子集，并且可 以在不冲突的情况下相互结合。
在以下的描述中，所涉及的术语“第一\第二\第三”等或模块A、模块B、模块C等，仅用于区别类似的对象，不代表针对对象的特定排序，可以理解地，在允许的情况下可以互换特定的顺序或先后次序，以使这里描述的本申请实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的以外的顺序实施。
在以下的描述中，所涉及的表示步骤的标号，如S110、S120……等，并不表示一定会按此步骤执行，在允许的情况下可以互换前后步骤的顺序，或同时执行。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述本申请实施例的目的，不是旨在限制本申请。
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
对本申请具体实施方式进行进一步详细说明之前，介绍现有的一些技术方案。
方案1提供了现有的一种电动车供电系统，该系统在动力电池包20内置小功率12V直流电源22，直接将动力电池20的高压电转为12V低压直流电，为控制器提供低压电源，取代12V蓄电池，直流斩波器DC/DC输出端连接其他低压载荷。
图1为方案1提供的电动汽车供电系统示意图。如图1所示，方案1在动力电池包20内增加一个小功率12V直流电源22为需要低压常电的控制器供电；将车内直流斩波器DC/DC输出端分出一路电源经过二极管后并联到12V直流电源22的输出端，直流斩波器DC/DC工作时同时为控制电路供电；车载均衡机的12V辅助电源的输出端并联到12V直流电源22的输出端。
方案1需要在动力电池包20内额外增加控制电路，该控制电路可以将动力电池的高电压转为低压的12V直流电；动力电池包20内电压转换控制电路的可靠性得不到保证，需要电池管理系统检测内置低压载荷；直流斩波器DC/DC不工作且未插交流均衡枪时无备份电源。
方案2提供了一种取消低压电池的新能源汽车供电系统，该系统在高压电池组中设置低压抽头，通过低压抽头为控制器及其他低压载荷提供低压电源。
图2为方案2提供的一种取消低压电池的新能源汽车供电系统示意图。如图2所示，在高压电池组中设置12V低压抽头，12V低压抽头由高压电池组的一部分电池引出，借用高压电池组的一部分电池代替传统低压蓄电池，节省原低压蓄电池所占用的空间；在高压电池组中还可以设置48V低压抽头，可直接为48V载荷供电。
方案2无法实现主动均衡功能，提供12V低压抽头的电池为高压电池组的一部分，该部分电池的荷电状态与其他模组电池差异过大时，将严重限制高压电池组对外输出电能的能力；方案2无法实现冗余低压供电，无法保证供电可靠性；其中高压供电系统与低压供电系统不能隔离，存在安全隐患。
本申请实施例提出一种低压冗余供电系统，基本原理是通过对继电器阵列的组合控制，分时复用高压电池包中的电池/电池组为低压载荷供电。该系统包括由多个继电器组成的继电器阵列，在高压载荷下电状态下，可以通过继电器组合控制分时复用高压电池包中的电池为低压载荷进行供电。本申请实施例提出一种低压冗余供电系统相比于方案1和方案2，无需额外使用的小功率12V直流电源，从而取消了传统低压供 电方案中的低压蓄电池设置，同时能够提供多种的低压供电模式，如单电池独立供电、双电池并联供电、双电池串联供电等，能够实现冗余低压供电，并与高压载荷的供电系统进行隔离，使得低压载荷的供电系统更加可靠。
下面对本申请实施例提供的一种低压冗余供电系统进行详细介绍。
本申请实施例提供一种低压冗余供电系统，该系统包括：高压电池包和继电器阵列；其中高压电池包提供第一电压，高压电池包依次串联的若干个供电单元，该供电单元为高压电池包中的至少一个电池或若干个电池串/并联的等效电源；继电器阵列中的各个继电器按照设定的连接关系与高压电池包中的各个供电单元相连；在继电器阵列的至少一种开闭状态组合方式下，高压电池包中的至少一个供电单元经分时复用提供第二电压，为低压载荷供电。其中，第一电压的电压值高于第二电压的电压值。
图3a为本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统中一个供电单元为低压载荷供电的原理图。
如图3a所示，高压电池包包括依次串联的电池B 1、电池B 2、电池B 3…电池B n；继电器阵列包括继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2、继电器HVS_Pos、继电器HVS_NEG、继电器LVS_1和继电器LVS_2。
上述电池和继电器阵列可以按照如下的连接关系连接：电池B 1和电池B 2之间设置继电器HVS_1，继电器HVS_1在断开状态下将电池B 1与电池B 2隔离；电池B 2和电池B 3之间设置继电器HVS_2，继电器HVS_2在断开状态下将电池B 2与电池B 3隔离；电池B 2的第一极通过继电器LVS_1连接低压载荷的第一端；电池B 2的第二极通过继电器LVS_2连接低压载荷的第二端。
继电器HVS_2采用联动继电器，还包括第一联动单元HVS_2′和第二联动单元HVS_2〞。从电池B 3的负极分出的支路d1连接第二联动单元HVS_2〞的输入端，第二联动单元HVS_2〞的输出端通过支路d2连接第一联动单元HVS_2′的输出端，第一联动单元HVS_2′的输入端连接电池B 1的负极。第二联动单元的输出端通过支路d3连接继电器HVS_NEG的输入端。
第一联动单元HVS_2′与继电器HVS_2的状态相同，第二联动单元HVS_2〞与继电器HVS_2的状态相反。当继电器HVS_2的状态为断开时，第一联动单元HVS_2′的状态为断开，第二联动单元HVS_2〞的状态为闭合；当继电器HVS_2的状态为闭合时，第一联动单元HVS_2′的状态为闭合，第二联动单元HVS_2〞的状态为断开。
图3b为基于图3a所示的低压冗余供电系统中高压电池包向高压载荷供电的同时，一个供电单元为低压载荷供电的继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图。
如图3b所示，在继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2、继电器HVS_Pos和继电器HVS_NEG均为闭合状态，继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2均为断开状态时，高压电池包中部分电池组成的子电池包提供第一电压向高压载荷输送电能；电池B 2从高压电池包中隔离，提供第二电压向低压载荷供电。
在继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统可以在高压断电状态下，将高压电池包中的一个电池作为一个供电单元提供第二电压，为低压载荷提供冗余供电。
图3c为基于图3a所示的低压冗余供电系统中的一个供电单元为低压载荷供电的 继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图。
如图3c所示，在继电器HVS_1和继电器HVS_2均为断开状态，继电器LVS_1和继电器LVS_2均为闭合状态时，电池B 2作为一个供电单元单独提供第二电压，为低压载荷供电。
在图3c所示的低压冗余供电系统中，电池B 2从高压电池包中隔离，作为一个供电单元单独为低压载荷LVLoads供电，低压载荷LVLoads的电能完全由电池B 2提供。采用这种供电方式可以将高压电池包中冗余的电池隔离出来为低压载荷LVLoads供电，还可以避免由于电池B 2异常引起的高压载荷的供电系统异常。
图3d为图3c所示的电池B 2作为一个供电单元单独为低压载荷供电的等效电路图。如图3d所示,高压电池包中的任意一个供电单元B i第一极与低压载荷的第一端之间设置继电器LVS_1；供电单元B i的第二极与低压载荷的第二端之间设置继电器LVS_2。继电器LVS_1和继电器LVS_2均为闭合状态时，由供电单元B i提供第二电压，为低压载荷供电；继电器LVS_1和继电器LVS_2均为断开时状态时，停止向低压载荷供电。供电单元B i可以为高压电池包中的一个电池，也可以为若干个电池串/并联的等效电源。
可以理解的是本申请实施例包括在继电器阵列的不同开闭状态组合方式下，由高压电池包中的一个电池或若干个电池串/并联的等效电源作为一个供电单元为低压载荷提供冗余供电的各种实施方式。
例如，图4a为本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统中两个供电单元分别为低压载荷供电的原理图。
如图4a所示，在图3a的基础上继电器阵列增加了继电器LVS_3和继电器LVS_4。电池B 1的第一极与低压载荷的第一端之间设置继电器LVS_3；电池B 1的第二极与低压载荷的第二端之间设置继电器LVS_4。
图4b为基于4a所示的低压冗余供电系统中高压电池包为高压载荷供电，两个供电单元可以分别为低压载荷供电的继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图。
如图4b所示，在继电器LVS_3、继电器LVS_4、继电器HVS_Pos和继电器HVS_NEG均为闭合状态，继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2、继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2均为断开状态时，高压电池包中部分电池组成的子电池包提供第一电压向高压载荷输送电能；电池B 1从高压电池包中隔离，提供第一电压向低压载荷供电。
图中，当继电器LVS_3、继电器LVS_4为断开状态，继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2闭合状态时，则和图3b是等效的，此处不在赘述。
图4c为基于4a所示的低压冗余供电系统中在高压断电状态下，分时复用电池B 2为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图。
如图4c所示在继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2、继电器LVS_3和继电器LVS_4均为断开状态下，继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2均为闭合状态时，由高压电池包中的电池B 2提供第二电压，为低压载荷供电。
图4d为基于4a所示的低压冗余供电系统中在高压断电状态下，分时复用电池B 1为低压载荷供电的继电器阵列的开闭状态的示意图。
如图4d所示在继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2、继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2均为 断开状态下，继电器LVS_3和继电器LVS_4均为闭合状态时，由高压电池包中的电池B 1提供第二电压，为低压载荷供电。
图4c提供在高压断电状态下的电池B 2单独供电、图4d所提供的在高压断电状态下电池B 1单独供电的低压供电系统与图3c所示的提供的电池B 2单独供电的低压供电系统其等效电路图都为图3d。三种方案是等效的，均在本申请实施例的保护范围内。
可以理解的是，不同继电器阵列在不同的开闭状态组合方式下，由高压电池包中的单电池或多个电池的等效电源作为供电单元对低压载荷供电，均在本申请实施例的保护范围内。
图5a为本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统中两个供电单元组合为低压载荷供电的原理图。如图5a所示，与图4a-4d不同之处在于，继电器LVS_2与低压载荷的第二端之间串联继电器LVS_4；所述继电器LVS_2与继电器LVS_4之间的公共节点连接电池B 1的第二极。
图5b为基于5a所示的低压冗余供电系统中高压电池包向高压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图。如图5b所示，在继电器HVS_Pos、继电器HVS_NEG闭合，继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2、继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2、继电器LVS_3和继电器LVS_4均为断开状态时，高压电池包中部分电池组成的子电池包提供第一电压向高压载荷输送电能；电池B 1、电池B 2从高压电池包中隔离，可以以单独或组合的方式提供第二电压向低压载荷供电。
图5c为基于5a所示的低压冗余供电系统中分时复用电池B 1为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图。如图5c所示，在继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2、继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2均为断开状态，继电器LVS_3和所述继电器LVS_4均为闭合状态时，由高压电池包中的电池B 1作为第一供电单元提供第二电压，为低压载荷供电。第一供电单元可以为一个电池或若干个电池串/并联的等效电源。
图5d为基于5a所示的低压冗余供电系统中分时复用电池B 2为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图。如图5d所示，在继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2、继电器LVS_3均为断开状态，继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2和继电器LVS_4均为闭合状态时，利用高压电池包中的电池B 2作为第二供电单元提供第二电压，为低压载荷供电。第二供电单元可以为一个电池或若干个电池串/并联的等效电源。
图5e为基于5a所示的低压冗余供电系统中分时复用电池B 1和电池B 2串联为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图。如图5e所示，在继电器HVS_2、继电器LVS_2和继电器LVS_3为断开状态，继电器HVS_1、继电器LVS_1和所述继电器LVS_4均为闭合状态时，由高压电池包中电池B 1作为第一供电单元和电池B 2作为第二供电单元串联提供第二电压，为低压载荷LVLoads供电。
图5f为基于5a所示的低压冗余供电系统中分时复用电池B 1和电池B 2并联为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图。如图5f所示，在继电器HVS_1和继电器HVS_2为断开状态，继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2和继电器LVS_3和所述继电器LVS_4均为闭合状态时，由高压电池包中电池B 1作为第一供电单元和电池B 2作为第二供电单元并联提供第二电压，为低压载荷LVLoads供电。
在图5f所示的供电模式下，电池B 1和电池B 2处于并联状态并与高压系统隔离， 低压载荷LVLoads的电能完全由电池B 1和电池B 2提供。电池B 1和电池B 2并联后对外供电可以为低压载荷LVLoads提供较高的供电电流，还可以缓解电池B 1和电池B 2长时间对外供电引起的电荷不均衡的差异。
图5c-图5f所示的状态下，联动继电器HVS_2均处于断开状态，继电器HVS_Pos和继电器HVS_NEG的开闭状态对低压载荷供电没有影响，在此处可以不予讨论。
为低压载荷供电的电池由于长期给低压载荷供电，会出现电池剩余电荷(SOC)不均衡的状况，不均衡的电池与高压电池包中其他电池的输出电能存在差异，会导致高压动力系统功率降额。
针对上述问题，本申请实施例提供的一种低压冗余供电系统，在该系统中设置一个直流斩波器DC/DC，相应地增加若干继电器，例如继电器HVS_3，在继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，利用直流斩波器DC/DC为低压载荷进行供电，以避免为低压载荷长期供电的电池由于电荷(SOC)不均衡导致的高压动力系统功率降额。
上述利用直流斩波器DC/DC为低压载荷进行供电的原理是利用直流斩波器DC/DC将高压电池包部分子电池组提供的高电压转变为低电压，从而为低电压载荷供电；直流斩波器DC/DC输出侧与低压载荷相连，为低压载荷进行供电。其中，将高压电池包的部分电池组成的子电池组作为第三供电单元。第三供电单元包括第一供电单元和/或第二供电单元以外的子电池组。
图6a为本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统中利用直流斩波器DC/DC为低压载荷进行供电的原理图。图6a为在图3a所示的单电池供电的低压供电原理图的基础上，设置一个直流斩波器DC/DC，相应地设置继电器HVS_3，继电器HVS_3将高压电池包中为直流斩波器DC/DC供电的第三供电单元与为低压载荷供电的第一供电单元和/第二单元隔离。
在图6a所示的实施例中，继电器HVS_Pos设置于直流斩波器DC/DC的输入侧的第一极与电池B n的第一极之间；继电器HVS_3设置于直流斩波器DC/DC的输入侧的第二极与电池B 3的第二极之间；当继电器HVS_Pos和继电器HVS_3处于断开状态时，隔离直流斩波器DC/DC的输入电源；当继电器HVS_Pos和继电器HVS_3在闭合状态时，第三供电单元为直流斩波器DC/DC供电。其中第三供电单元为电池B 3～电池B n组成的电池组。
联动继电器HVS_2设置于在继电器HVS_3与电池B 2的之间；联动继电器HVS_2在工作时一直处于断开状态，将为直流斩波器DC/DC供电的第三供电单元和为低压载荷供电的第一供电单元和/或第二供电单元隔离。联动继电器HVS_2同时能使直流斩波器DC/DC的输入与输出隔离。其中第一供电单元为电池B 2，第二供电单元为B 1。
直流斩波器DC/DC的输出侧连接低压载荷LVLoads。
图6b为基于6a所示低压冗余供电系统中，直流斩波器DC/DC处于非工作状态，分时复用电池B 2为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图。如图6b所示，在继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2、继电器HVS_3、继电器HVS_Pos、继电器HVS_NEG为断开状态，继电器LVS_1和继电器LVS_2为闭合状态时，直流斩波器DC/DC处于非工作状态，该电路的效果与图3c电路等效，以电池B 2作为一个供电单元为低压载荷LVLoads供电。
图6c为基于6a所示低压冗余供电系统中由直流斩波器DC/DC为低压载荷LVLoads供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图。如图6c所示，在继电器HVS_Pos和继电器HVS_3为闭合状态，继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2、继电器LVS_1和继电器LVS_2均为断开状态时，由高压电池包中的第三供电单元为所述直流斩波器供电，由直流斩波器DC/DC提供第二电压为低压载荷LVLoads供电。图6c中，继电器HVS_NEG断开，HVLoads为高压断电状态，继电器HVS_NEG闭合时，高压电池包提供第二电压为高压载荷HVLoads供电，同时直流斩波器DC/DC提供第二电压为低压载荷LVLoads供电。
具有与图6c所示电路效果相同的所有可能的继电器阵列连接及开闭状态组合控制电路均为图6c的等效电路，采用该等效电路以直流斩波器DC/DC为低压载荷LVLoads供电的系统均在本申请实施例的保护范围内。
在直流斩波器DC/DC为低压载荷供电的状态下，还可以通过继电器阵列的组合控制将电池B 1和电池B 2串联至高压电池包，为高压载荷HVLoads供电。
图6d为基于6a所示低压冗余供电系统中由高压电池包向直流斩波器DC/DC供电时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图。如图6d所示，在继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2、继电器HVS_3、继电器HVS_Pos和继电器HVS_NEG均为闭合状态，继电器LVS_1和继电器LVS_2均为断开状态时，电池B 1和电池B 2串联接入高压电池包中，可以与高压电池包作为整体向高压载荷输送电能。
在该状态下，直流斩波器DC/DC可以将高压电池包部分子电池组提供的高压转变为低压为低压载荷LVLoads供电，电池B 1和电池B 2串入高压电池包，可以为高压载荷HVLoads供电，为车辆行驶提供高压电能。该实施例可以避免出现由于电池不均衡导致的高压动力系统功率降额的现象。
如果为低压载荷供电的电池的剩余荷电状态(SOC)不均衡，可以利用直流斩波器DC/DC为电池B 1、电池B 2或其它为低压载荷供电的电池进行均衡。
图6e为基于6a所示低压冗余供电系统中由直流斩波器DC/DC为电池B 2均衡时继电器阵列的开闭状态组合的示意图。如图6e所示，在继电器HVS_3、继电器HVS_Pos、继电器LVS_1和继电器LVS_2均为闭合状态，继电器HVS_1和继电器HVS_2均为断开状态时，由直流斩波器DC/DC为电池B 2均衡。其中,电池B 2为高压电池包中的一个供电单元。此时，继电器HVS_NEG可以为断开状态或闭合状态，对直流斩波器DC/DC无影响。
具有与图6e所示电路效果相同的所有可能的继电器阵列连接及开闭状态组合控制电路均为图6e的等效电路，采用该等效电路以直流斩波器DC/DC为高压电池包中的一个供电单元供电的方式在本申请实施例的保护范围内。
采用直流斩波器DC/DC为高压电池包中的供电单元均衡可以避免由于电池电量不足对低压载荷的供电能力下降，同时避免由于电池B 1、电池B 2或其它为低压载荷供电的电池的SOC不均衡导致的高压动力系统功率降额。
直流斩波器DC/DC还可以为低压载荷供电的双电池主动均衡。对电池B 1、电池B 2进行主动均衡包括电池B 1主动均衡模式、电池B 2主动均衡模式和电池B 2和电池B 1并联的低压供电模式等。下面对上述各种均衡模式进行详细论述。
图7a为本申请实施例提供的低压冗余供电系统中直流斩波器DC/DC对为低压载荷 供电的双电池均衡的电路原理图。如图7a所示，在图6a基础上继电器阵列增加了继电器LVS_3和继电器LVS_4。
具体地，电池B 1的第一极与低压载荷的第一端之间设置继电器LVS_3；继电器LVS_2与低压载荷的第二端之间串联继电器LVS_4；所述继电器LVS_2与继电器LVS_4之间的公共节点连接电池B 1的第二极。
图7b为基于图7a的低压冗余供电系统中直流斩波器DC/DC供电、电池B 2主动均衡的继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图。如图7b所示，继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2、继电器LVS_4、继电器HVS_3和继电器HVS_Pos闭合,继电器LVS_3、继电器HVS_1和继电器HVS_2的状态为断开，第三供电单元为直流斩波器DC/DC供电，直流斩波器DC/DC为低压载荷供电，同时为电池B 2主动均衡。需注意的是，此时图中继电器HVS_Neg的状态可以为断开，也可以为闭合。各继电器开闭合状态可参照表1。
图7c为基于图7a的低压冗余供电系统中直流斩波器DC/DC供电、电池B 1主动均衡的继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图。如图7c所示，继电器LVS_3、继电器LVS_4、继电器HVS_3和继电器HVS_Pos的状态为闭合，继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2、继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2的状态为断开,第三供电单元为直流斩波器DC/DC供电，直流斩波器DC/DC为低压载荷供电，同时为电池B 1主动均衡。此时图中继电器HVS_Neg的状态可以为断开，也可以为闭合。各继电器开闭合状态可参照表1。
在图7b和图7c两种继电器阵列开闭状态组合的供电模式下，联动继电器HVS_2断开，使得电池B 1和电池B 2与高压载荷隔离；高压载荷上电后，直流斩波器DC/DC处于上电状态，低压载荷LVLoads的电能由直流斩波器DC/DC提供。直流斩波器DC/DC在给低压载荷LVLoads提供电能的同时，对电池B 1或电池B 2进行均衡，通过对电池B 1或电池B 2进行主动均衡，可以消除电池B 1或电池B 2长时间对外供电引起的SOC不均衡差异。
图7d为基于图7a的低压冗余供电系统中直流斩波器DC/DC供电、电池B 1和电池B 2并联均衡的继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图。如图7d所示，继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2和继电器LVS_3、继电器LVS_4、继电器HVS_3和继电器HVS_Pos的状态为闭合，继电器HVS_1和继电器HVS_2的状态为断开，第三供电单元为直流斩波器DC/DC供电，直流斩波器DC/DC为低压载荷供电，同时为并联的电池B 1和电池B 2均衡。此时图中继电器HVS_Neg的状态可以为断开，也可以为闭合。各继电器开闭状态可参照表1。
该供电模式下，电池B 1和电池B 2处于并联状态并且与高压载荷隔离，直流斩波器DC/DC在给低压载荷LVLoads供电的同时，对并联的电池B 1和电池B 2进行均衡；能够消除电池B 1和电池B 2长时间对外供电引起SOC不均衡。
图7e为基于图7a的低压冗余供电系统中直流斩波器DC/DC供电、无均衡的继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图。
如图7e所示，继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2和继电器LVS_3、继电器LVS_4断开，继电器HVS_1、继电器HVS_2、HVS_3和继电器HVS_Neg和继电器HVS_Pos闭合，电池B 1和电池B 2串联接入高压电池包，高压电池包提供第一电压为高压载荷HVLoads输供电，同时为直流斩波器DC/DC提供高压动力电源，直流斩波器DC/DC输出第二电压为低压载荷LVLoads供电。各继电器开闭合状态可参照表1。
该供电模式下，电池B 1和电池B 2作为高压动力包的一部分与高压动力包内的其他电池串联，并与低压载荷隔离。包括电池B 1和电池B 2的高压动力包能够为直流斩波器DC/DC提供高压动力电源，直流斩波器DC/DC上电后，能够为低压载荷LVLoads供电。
图7f为基于图7a的低压冗余供电系统中直流斩波器DC/DC处于非工作状态、分时复用的高压动力包中的供电单元为低压载荷供电时继电器阵列开闭状态组合示意图。
如图7f所示，在继电器HVS_2、继电器HVS_3和继电器HVS_Pos断开状态下，高压动力包停止对高压载荷供电，直流斩波器DC/DC处于非工作状态，此时可以设置继电器阵列的开闭状态组合，分时复用的高压动力包中的供电单元为低压载荷供电。参照图5c～5f对继电器LVS_1、继电器LVS_2和继电器LVS_3、继电器LVS_4、继电器HVS_1的开闭状态组合设置，可以实现电池B 1单独为低压载荷供电、电池B 2单独为低压载荷供电、电池B 1和电池B 2串联为低压载荷供电及电池B 1和电池B 2并联为低压载荷供电，在此不再赘述。各继电器开闭状态可参照表1。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020120961-appb-000001
本申请实施例提出的低压冗余供电系统，通过对继电器的组合控制，分时复用高压电池包中的电池，为低压冗余供电系统进行供电，不仅取消了传统供电方案中独立蓄电池的设置，同时可以提供更多的低压供电模式，如单电池独立供电、双电池并联供电、双电池串联供电等，同时高压供电系统与低压供电系统隔离，消除安全隐患，使得低压供电系统更加可靠。
本申请实施例提出的低压冗余供电系统，在直流斩波器DC/DC上电后，可以根据电池的荷电状态，对用于为低压载荷供电的电池进行单电池主动均衡、双电池主动均衡等，从而避免该部分电池由于长期给低压载荷供电引起的与其他电池荷电状态差异过大问题。
本申请实施例提出的低压冗余供电系统，在直流斩波器DC/DC上电后，可根据需求将用于为低压载荷供电的电池“还给”给高压电池包，从而充分利用电池包的高压 供电能力。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种低压冗余供电系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：
    高压电池包，用于提供第一电压，所述高压电池包包括依次串联的若干个供电单元；所述供电单元为所述高压电池包中的至少一个电池或若干个电池串/并联的等效电源；和
    继电器阵列，所述继电器阵列中的各个继电器按照设定的连接关系与所述高压电池包中的各个供电单元相连；
    在所述继电器阵列的至少一种开闭状态组合方式下，所述高压电池包中的至少一个供电单元经分时复用提供第二电压，为低压载荷供电；所述第一电压高于所述第二电压。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的低压冗余供电系统，其特征在于，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元和至少一个第二供电单元，在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，由所述第一供电单元或第二供电单元提供第二电压，为所述低压载荷供电。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的低压冗余供电系统，其特征在于，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元和第二供电单元，在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，由所述第一供电单元和至少一个第二供电单元串联提供第二电压，为所述低压载荷供电。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的低压冗余供电系统，其特征在于，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元和第二供电单元，在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，由所述第一供电单元和第二供电单元并联提供第二电压，为所述低压载荷供电。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的低压冗余供电系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括直流斩波器，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元和第三供电单元；所述第一供电单元为低压载荷供电；在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，所述第一供电单元中断为低压载荷供电，由所述第三供电单元为所述直流斩波器供电，由所述直流斩波器提供第二电压，为所述低压载荷供电。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的低压冗余供电系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括直流斩波器，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元和第三供电单元；所述第一供电单元为低压载荷供电；在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，由所述第三供电单元为所述直流斩波器供电，由直流斩波器提供第二电压，为所述第一供电单元均衡,并为低压载荷供电。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的低压冗余供电系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括直流斩波器，所述若干个供电单元还包括第三供电单元；在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，由所述第三供电单元为所述直流斩波器供电，由所述直流斩波器提供第二电压，为所述第一供电单元或第二供电单元均衡,并为低压载荷供电。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的低压冗余供电系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括直流斩波器，所述若干个供电单元还包括第三供电单元；在所述继电器阵列的一种开闭状态组合方式下，由所述第三供电单元为所述直流斩波器供电，由所述直流斩波器提供第二电压，为所述并联的第一电池和第二电池均衡,并为低压载荷供电。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的低压冗余供电系统，其特征在于，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元、第二供电单元和第三供电单元；所述继电器阵列包括第一继电器(HVS_1)、第二继电器(HVS_2)、第三继电器(LVS_1)和第四继电器(LVS_2)；
    所述设定的连接关系包括：所述第一供电单元和所述第二供电单元之间连接第一继电器(HVS_1)；
    所述第二供电单元和第三供电单元之间连接第二继电器(HVS_2)；
    所述第二供电单元的第一极通过第三继电器(LVS_1)连接低压载荷的第一端；
    所述第二供电单元的第二极通过第四继电器(LVS_2)连接低压载荷的第二端。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元、第二供电单元和第三供电单元；所述继电器阵列包括第一继电器(HVS_1)、第二继电器(HVS_2)、第三继电器(LVS_1)、第四继电器(LVS_2)、第五继电器(LVS_3)和第六继电器(LVS_4)；
    所述设定的连接关系包括：所述第一供电单元和所述第二供电单元之间连接第一继电器(HVS_1)；
    所述第二供电单元和第三供电单元之间连接第二继电器(HVS_2)；
    所述第二供电单元的第一极通过第三继电器(LVS_1)连接低压载荷的第一端；
    所述第二供电单元的第二极通过第四继电器(LVS_2)连接低压载荷的第二端；
    所述第一供电单元的第一极通过第五继电器(LVS_3)连接低压载荷的第一端；
    所述第一供电单元的第二极通过第六继电器(LVS_4)连接低压载荷的第二端。
  11. 根据权利要求1-4之一所述的系统，其特征在于，所述若干个供电单元包括第一供电单元、第二供电单元和第三供电单元；所述继电器阵列包括第一继电器(HVS_1)、第二继电器(HVS_2)、第三继电器(LVS_1)、第四继电器(LVS_2)、第五继电器(LVS_3)和第六继电器(LVS_4)；
    所述设定的连接关系包括：所述第一供电单元和所述第二供电单元之间连接第一继电器(HVS_1)；
    所述第二供电单元和第三供电单元之间连接第二继电器(HVS_2)；
    所述第二供电单元的第一极通过第三继电器(LVS_1)连接低压载荷的第一端；
    所述第二供电单元的第二极通过第四继电器(LVS_2)连接所述第一供电单元的第二极；
    所述第一供电单元的第一极通过第五继电器(LVS_3)连接低压载荷的第一端；
    所述第一供电单元的第二极通过第六继电器(LVS_4)连接低压载荷的第二端。
  12. 根据权利要求9-11之一所述的低压冗余供电系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括直流斩波器；所述继电器阵列还包括第七继电器(HVS_3)和第八继电器(HVS_Pos)；
    所述设定的连接关系还包括：
    所述第三供电单元的第一级和所述直流斩波器的输入侧的第一级之间连接第八继电器(HVS_Pos)；
    所述第三供电单元的第二级和所述直流斩波器的输入侧的第二级之间连接第七继电器(HVS_3)；
    直流斩波器的输入侧的第二级和所述第二供电单元的第一极之间连接第二继电器 (HVS_2)；
    所述第七继电器(HVS_3)与第二继电器(HVS_2)串联后与所述第二供电单元的第一极连接；
    所述直流斩波器的输出侧的第一级和第二极之间连接所述低压载荷。
  13. 根据权利要求9-12之一所述的低压冗余供电系统，其特征在于，所述第二继电器(HVS_2)为联动继电器；包括第一联动单元(HVS_2′)和第二联动单元(HVS_2〞)；所述第二继电器(HVS_2)经过第二联动单元(HVS_2〞)和第一联动单元(HVS_2′)连接所述第一供电单元的第二极。
PCT/CN2020/120961 2020-10-14 2020-10-14 一种低压冗余供电系统 WO2022077289A1 (zh)

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