WO2022069292A1 - Échangeur de chaleur doté de générateur thermoélectrique - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur doté de générateur thermoélectrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022069292A1
WO2022069292A1 PCT/EP2021/075908 EP2021075908W WO2022069292A1 WO 2022069292 A1 WO2022069292 A1 WO 2022069292A1 EP 2021075908 W EP2021075908 W EP 2021075908W WO 2022069292 A1 WO2022069292 A1 WO 2022069292A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
outer tube
inner tube
tube
medium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/075908
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ines Lienou Lzeutchi
Sven Schepers
Peter Hirth
Original Assignee
Vitesco Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vitesco Technologies GmbH filed Critical Vitesco Technologies GmbH
Priority to EP21782902.7A priority Critical patent/EP4222789A1/fr
Publication of WO2022069292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022069292A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F01N5/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat the device being thermoelectric generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger with at least one thermoelectric element for generating an electrical voltage based on a temperature difference across two interfaces of the thermoelectric element, with an inner tube and an outer tube, the inner tube being arranged in the outer tube in such a way that an annular gap between the inner tube and the outer tube arises.
  • the invention also relates to a firing device with a heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • thermoelectric generators can be used at firing points, such as fireplaces. By using the waste heat from the exhaust line, electricity is generated using the Seebeck effect. This can be used to operate the system itself or fed to another power consumer.
  • the heat generated by the combustion and transported in the exhaust gas is used to apply heat to one side of a thermocouple, for example a Peltier element.
  • the thermocouple is acted upon on an opposite side by a medium that is less warm than the exhaust gas, for example water. The temperature difference at the thermocouple ultimately generates electrical energy, which can then be used.
  • thermocouples can be integrated directly into the walls of the combustion chamber and/or into or onto the walls of the exhaust-gas-carrying elements.
  • thermoelectric generators directly installed in the combustion chamber because in this case the cycle of the less warm medium must also be routed into the combustion chamber.
  • thermoelectric element enables improved use of the heat generated by the combustion to generate electrical energy.
  • firing device with a heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • thermoelectric element for generating an electrical voltage due to a temperature difference across two interfaces of the thermoelectric element, with an inner tube and an outer tube, the inner tube being arranged in the outer tube in such a way that an annular gap is formed between between the inner tube and the outer tube, the at least one thermoelectric element being arranged in the annular gap and the first interface of the thermoelectric module being in thermally conductive contact with the outer wall of the inner tube and the second interface being in thermally conductive contact with the inner wall of the outer tube.
  • the inner tube and the outer tube can be both straight and curved or, for example, spiral-shaped, as long as both tubes have the same shape and essentially only differ from one another by a different diameter.
  • An annular gap is thus formed between the two tubes, which can be filled with at least one or with a plurality of thermoelectric elements.
  • thermoelectric element is formed, for example, by a plurality of semiconductor elements that are electrically connected to one another. So-called n-doped and so-called p-doped semiconductors are preferably used. These are each arranged alternately, with one of the outer surfaces of the Semiconductors, a first interface, faces a region of higher heat and the respectively opposite outer surface of the semiconductors, the second interface, faces a region of lower heat. In each case two semiconductor elements that are adjacent to one another are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner via so-called bridge elements. In this case, the bridge elements are each seated alternately on the first boundary surfaces and the second boundary surfaces. In this way, a thermoelectric element is formed. The voltage generated can be fed to a load via electrical contacting of the respective first semiconductor element and the respective last semiconductor element of the thermoelectric element.
  • a first medium can flow through the inner tube, while a second medium flows around the outer tube.
  • the two media preferably have the greatest possible temperature difference from one another, so that one of the media is always warmer relative to the other medium.
  • a temperature difference is generated on the walls of the tubes via the two media, which consequently also occurs at the interfaces of the thermoelectric element, as a result of which electrical energy can be obtained using the Seebeck effect.
  • the warmer medium is preferably formed by the exhaust gas from a firing device.
  • the less warm medium is preferably formed by air or water.
  • the less warm medium is supplied from the outside. Sufficiently temperature-resistant feed and discharge lines are preferably provided for this purpose.
  • the inner tube and the outer tube are arranged concentrically with one another.
  • the concentric arrangement with respect to one another results in the annular gap already described, which is used to accommodate the thermoelectric element or the thermoelectric elements.
  • the inner tube and the outer tube are connected to one another in a fluid-tight manner at the free ends. This is particularly advantageous in order to keep the annular gap free from the two media flowing through or around the tubes.
  • the fluid-tight seal itself or an area directly adjacent thereto has a feedthrough for at least one electrical conductor in each case, so that the at least one thermoelectric element can be electrically contacted.
  • a preferred exemplary embodiment is characterized in that the heat exchanger formed from the inner tube and the outer tube is formed in a spiral shape.
  • a spiral design is particularly advantageous in order to be able to integrate a heat exchanger with the greatest possible length within a limited volume of space, such as a combustion chamber or an exhaust pipe.
  • thermoelectric element is formed by n-type (n-doped semiconductor) and p-type (p-doped semiconductor) materials, which are arranged alternately inside the heat exchanger and in series and/or parallel to each other electrically are interconnected. It is also possible for a plurality of semiconductor elements to be connected together in series to form semiconductor groups, with these semiconductor groups preferably in turn being connected in parallel with one another.
  • Semiconductor elements that are directly adjacent to one another are either spaced far enough apart from one another that an electrical short circuit is avoided, or alternatively an electrical insulator, for example in the form of an insulating material, can be arranged between the semiconductor elements that are directly adjacent to one another.
  • the inner tube and/or the outer tube are electrically insulated from the thermoelectric elements arranged in the annular gap.
  • a coating can be provided on the walls of the tubes if they are made of a fundamentally electrically conductive material.
  • the tubes can also be produced from an electrically non-conductive material, for example a ceramic.
  • the axial end regions of the annular gap are formed by potential elements which run at least partially in the circumferential direction and serve to discharge the voltage.
  • the potential elements are used for electrical contacting of the interconnected thermoelectric elements. These potential elements can be formed, for example, by ring-shaped metallic elements, which are connected to the last semiconductor element electrically conductive contact. In addition to the task of electrical contacting, the fluid-tight closure of the annular gap can also be ensured via the potential elements.
  • the potential elements can thus also form a type of housing cover or be part of one that covers the annular gap and closes it to the outside.
  • thermoelectric elements are arranged and connected in parallel to one another in the circumferential direction of the annular gap, the respective last semiconductor elements adjacent to the potential element are preferably also electrically connected to it here.
  • thermoelectric element is formed by ring-shaped semiconductor elements which are stacked on top of one another in the axial direction of the tubes.
  • a further preferred design provides for semiconductor elements which only extend along a partial section in the circumferential direction of the annular gap.
  • the semiconductor elements may be in the form of thin rectangular discs arranged side by side along the axial extent of the tubes. These preferably have a thickness of 1 to 2 mm.
  • the insulator arranged between the mutually adjacent semiconductor materials can preferably have an identical design as the semiconductor elements used in each case.
  • the object with regard to the firing device is solved by a firing device having the features of claim 9 .
  • An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a firing device with at least one combustion chamber and with at least one exhaust gas-carrying line, with a heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims being integrated into the combustion chamber or the exhaust gas-carrying line, the inner wall of the inner tube being acted upon by a first medium and the outer wall of the outer tube is acted upon by a second medium, there being a temperature difference between the first medium and the second medium.
  • a firing device can be formed, for example, by an oven or a heater, in which a substance is burned for the purpose of generating heat.
  • the exhaust gas produced during combustion which has a high temperature level relative to the environment, is preferred as the warmer one both media used.
  • the second medium which has a lower temperature level, can be formed by ambient air or water, for example. Active cooling of the less warm medium can also be provided in order to further increase the temperature difference at the thermoelectric elements.
  • a media supply device through which a medium can be supplied to the outer surface of the outer tube or the inner surface of the inner tube.
  • the less warm medium must be fed to the heat exchanger via suitable feeds.
  • the warmer medium which is usually formed by the exhaust gas itself, is already present on site during operation.
  • the heat exchanger itself forms the exhaust pipe of the firing device.
  • the inner tube here forms the flow path for the warmer medium, with the outer wall of the outer tube being surrounded by the less warm medium.
  • the outer tube can also be surrounded by a jacket, a flow space for the less warm medium being formed between the outer wall of the outer tube and the jacket.
  • a fluid line for example a hose or a flexible tube, to be provided on the outer wall of the outer tube, through which the less warm medium is conducted. It is important here that the best possible heat transport is achieved between this fluid line and the outer wall of the heat exchanger.
  • thermoelectric elements in the heat exchanger is advantageous because this allows the heat transfer surfaces in particular to be significantly enlarged.
  • space available for accommodating the thermoelectric elements can be significantly increased, as a result of which the overall electrical efficiency is improved compared to a thermoelectric generator of the same structural volume of conventional design.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur comprenant au moins un élément thermoélectrique destiné à générer une tension électrique en raison d'une différence de température à travers deux surfaces de délimitation de l'élément thermoélectrique, ayant un tube interne et un tube externe, le tube interne étant disposé à l'intérieur du tube externe de telle sorte qu'un espace annulaire est produit entre le tube interne et le tube externe, ledit au moins un élément thermoélectrique étant disposé dans l'espace annulaire, et la première surface de délimitation du module thermoélectrique est en contact thermoconducteur avec la paroi externe du tube interne, et la seconde surface de délimitation étant en contact thermoconducteur avec la paroi interne du tube externe. L'invention se rapporte en outre à un dispositif de combustion doté d'un tel échangeur de chaleur.
PCT/EP2021/075908 2020-10-01 2021-09-21 Échangeur de chaleur doté de générateur thermoélectrique WO2022069292A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21782902.7A EP4222789A1 (fr) 2020-10-01 2021-09-21 Échangeur de chaleur doté de générateur thermoélectrique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020212473.6 2020-10-01
DE102020212473.6A DE102020212473B3 (de) 2020-10-01 2020-10-01 Wärmetauscher mit thermoelektrischem Generator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022069292A1 true WO2022069292A1 (fr) 2022-04-07

Family

ID=78000669

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2021/075908 WO2022069292A1 (fr) 2020-10-01 2021-09-21 Échangeur de chaleur doté de générateur thermoélectrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4222789A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020212473B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022069292A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114943105A (zh) * 2022-07-26 2022-08-26 武汉理工大学 含螺旋纽带的环形热电发电机性能优化方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022123350A1 (de) 2022-09-13 2024-03-14 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Heizsystem mit einem Brenner und einem Rekuperator

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4095998A (en) * 1976-09-30 1978-06-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Thermoelectric voltage generator
JPS61254082A (ja) * 1985-04-30 1986-11-11 Suzuki Motor Co Ltd 排気熱発電装置
EP1780807A1 (fr) * 2004-07-01 2007-05-02 Aruze Corporation Module de conversion thermoélectrique
DE102009013692A1 (de) * 2009-03-20 2010-09-23 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Thermoelektrische Vorrichtung
US20100326487A1 (en) * 2008-11-21 2010-12-30 Panasonic Corporation Thermoelectric element and thermoelectric device
US20200185587A1 (en) * 2018-02-20 2020-06-11 Gerard R. Campeau Thermoelectric generator using in-situ passive cooling

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US3056848A (en) 1961-07-24 1962-10-02 North American Aviation Inc Portable generator utilizing direct conversion of heat to electricity
AT402848B (de) 1993-03-16 1997-09-25 Vaillant Gmbh Fluidheizer
US5427086A (en) 1993-07-26 1995-06-27 Rochester Gas And Electric Co. Forced air furnace having a thermoelectric generator for providing continuous operation during an electric power outage
ITMI20100453A1 (it) 2010-03-19 2011-09-20 Poliedra S R L Canna fumaria.
DE102011081565A1 (de) 2011-08-25 2013-02-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gasturbinenanordnung, Kraftwerk und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4095998A (en) * 1976-09-30 1978-06-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Thermoelectric voltage generator
JPS61254082A (ja) * 1985-04-30 1986-11-11 Suzuki Motor Co Ltd 排気熱発電装置
EP1780807A1 (fr) * 2004-07-01 2007-05-02 Aruze Corporation Module de conversion thermoélectrique
US20100326487A1 (en) * 2008-11-21 2010-12-30 Panasonic Corporation Thermoelectric element and thermoelectric device
DE102009013692A1 (de) * 2009-03-20 2010-09-23 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Thermoelektrische Vorrichtung
US20200185587A1 (en) * 2018-02-20 2020-06-11 Gerard R. Campeau Thermoelectric generator using in-situ passive cooling

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114943105A (zh) * 2022-07-26 2022-08-26 武汉理工大学 含螺旋纽带的环形热电发电机性能优化方法
CN114943105B (zh) * 2022-07-26 2022-11-29 武汉理工大学 含螺旋纽带的环形热电发电机性能优化方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102020212473B3 (de) 2021-12-09
EP4222789A1 (fr) 2023-08-09

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