WO2022067884A1 - 使用分离装置对废塑料热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法 - Google Patents

使用分离装置对废塑料热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法 Download PDF

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WO2022067884A1
WO2022067884A1 PCT/CN2020/120686 CN2020120686W WO2022067884A1 WO 2022067884 A1 WO2022067884 A1 WO 2022067884A1 CN 2020120686 W CN2020120686 W CN 2020120686W WO 2022067884 A1 WO2022067884 A1 WO 2022067884A1
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Prior art keywords
separation
screw
barrel
collecting
ash
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PCT/CN2020/120686
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪传生
陈宏波
卫健
汪国春
平伟
李文昱
郝国强
李利
田晓龙
边慧光
李绍明
张德伟
郭磊
梁辉
尹凤福
韩雯雯
刘海超
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无锡金球机械有限公司
青岛科技大学
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Publication of WO2022067884A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022067884A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/18—Drum screens
    • B07B1/20—Stationary drums with moving interior agitators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/42—Drive mechanisms, regulating or controlling devices, or balancing devices, specially adapted for screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of thermal cracking devices for polymer materials, and in particular relates to a method for separating solid products of thermal cracking of waste plastics by using a separating device.
  • the thermal cracking of waste plastics is to screen out the waste plastics in the garbage and heat them in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen airtight container, and the waste plastics are pyrolyzed into low molecular compounds.
  • the polymer macromolecules in the waste plastics are returned to a low molecular weight state or a monomeric state by cracking.
  • fuel oil, gas and carbon black are produced to realize the recycling, harmlessness and reduction of waste plastics. deal with.
  • the continuous thermal cracking of waste plastics is to continuously input waste plastics into the cracker at a certain feeding speed, and thermal cracking occurs after the heating and heat preservation of the cracker, and the cracked solid products such as carbon black are continuously discharged from the cracker and collected. .
  • a high-enthalpy solid heat storage medium to the cracker.
  • the high-enthalpy solid heat storage medium and the waste plastic are stirred together in the cracker until fully mixed and evenly mixed.
  • the waste plastic melt is wrapped on the surface of the high-enthalpy solid heat storage medium, and the medium releases heat to accelerate the waste plastic cracking process and enhance heat transfer.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of automatic separation of cracked ash and high enthalpy solid heat storage medium, realize the recycling of high enthalpy solid heat storage medium, automatically collect cracked ash and here A method for separating solid products of waste plastic thermal cracking by using a separation device to ensure the dynamic sealing performance of the entire device and avoid gas leakage during the process.
  • the used separation device in the method for separating solid products of waste plastic thermal cracking by using a separation device, includes a feed port, a separation barrel, a separation screw, a strip-shaped sieve, and a graphite packing. , separation motor, medium outlet, collection barrel, collection screw, reverse spiral discharge blade, ash outlet, forward spiral discharge blade, drive chain, forward spiral screening blade, active sprocket, passive sprocket, coupling Shaft and bearing seat;
  • the collecting barrel is located just below the separating barrel, a feeding port is fixed on the upper side wall of the right end of the separating barrel, and a medium outlet is fixed on the lower side wall of the left end of the separating barrel;
  • a bearing seat and a graphite packing are installed inside the left and right ends of the separating barrel, the left and right ends of the separating screw are installed in the separating barrel through the bearing seat, and graphite packing is used for the connection between the ends of the separating screw and the separating barrel.
  • bearing seat and graphite packing are installed inside the left and right ends of the collecting barrel, the left and right ends of the collecting screw are installed in the collecting barrel through the bearing seat, and the end connection between the collecting screw and the collecting barrel
  • Graphite packing is used to achieve dynamic rotary seal
  • the left end of the separating screw is connected with the output shaft of the separating motor through a coupling, a driving sprocket is fixed on the right end of the separating screw, a passive sprocket is fixed on the right end of the collecting screw, and the driving sprocket and the passive sprocket are fixed on the right end of the collecting screw. with a drive chain;
  • a forward spiral screening blade is fixed on the separation screw, and a bar-shaped screen hole is opened on the lower side wall of the separation barrel corresponding to the position directly above the collection barrel.
  • the cross section of the collection barrel is a U-shaped structure and The opening is set upward, and the length of the working section of the collecting barrel corresponds to the length of the bar-shaped screen hole.
  • the collecting screw is fixed with a reverse spiral discharge blade and a forward spiral discharge blade, and the reverse spiral discharge blade is spaced. It is arranged on the left side of the forward spiral discharge blade, and an ash outlet is fixed on the lower side wall of the collecting barrel at the position between the right end of the reverse spiral discharge blade and the forward spiral discharge blade.
  • the method for separating solid products of waste plastic thermal cracking by using the above-mentioned separation device comprises the following steps:
  • the invention realizes automatic separation of cracked ash and high-enthalpy solid heat storage medium under the condition of ensuring sealing, realizes automatic and reliable collection of cracked ash, improves production efficiency, and ensures the sealing of the whole device.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of the separation method of the present invention.
  • a method for separating solid products of waste plastic thermal cracking by using a separation device includes a feed port 1, a separation barrel 4, a separation screw 5, a strip sieve 6, a graphite packing 7, a separation Motor 8, medium outlet 9, collecting barrel 10, collecting screw 11, reverse spiral discharge blade 12, ash outlet 13, forward spiral discharge blade 14, drive chain 15, forward spiral screening blade 16, active chain Wheel 17, driven sprocket 18, coupling 19 and bearing seat 20;
  • the collecting barrel 10 is located directly below the separating barrel 4, the feed port 1 is fixed on the upper side wall of the right end of the separating barrel 4, and the medium outlet 9 is fixed on the lower side wall of the left end of the separating barrel 4;
  • a bearing seat 20 and a graphite packing 7 are installed inside the left and right ends of the separation barrel 4, and the left and right ends of the separation screw 5 are installed in the separation barrel 4 through the bearing seat 20.
  • the ends of the separation screw 5 and the separation barrel 4 Graphite packing 7 is used at the connecting part to realize dynamic rotary sealing; bearing seats 20 and graphite packing 7 are installed inside the left and right ends of the collecting barrel 10, and the left and right ends of the collecting screw 11 are installed on the collecting machine through the bearing seats 20.
  • a graphite packing 7 is used at the end connection between the collecting screw 11 and the collecting barrel 10 to realize dynamic rotary sealing;
  • the left end of the separation screw 5 is connected with the output shaft of the separation motor 8 through a coupling 19, a driving sprocket 17 is fixed at the right end of the separation screw 5, a passive sprocket 18 is fixed at the right end of the collecting screw 11, The sprocket 17 and the driven sprocket 18 are provided with a drive chain 15;
  • a forward spiral screening blade 16 is fixed on the separation screw 5, and a strip-shaped screen hole 6 is opened on the lower side wall of the separation barrel 4 corresponding to the position directly above the collecting barrel 10.
  • the cross section is a U-shaped structure and its opening is set upward.
  • the length of the working section of the collecting barrel 10 corresponds to the length of the bar-shaped screen hole 6.
  • the collecting screw 11 is fixed with a reverse spiral discharge blade 12 and a forward spiral discharge.
  • the blade 14, the reverse helical discharge blade 12 is arranged at intervals on the left side of the forward helical discharge blade 14, and the collection is at the position between the right end of the reverse helical discharge blade 12 and the forward helical discharge blade 14.
  • An ash outlet 13 is fixed to the lower side wall of the barrel 10 .
  • the method for separating solid products of waste plastic thermal cracking by using the above-mentioned separation device comprises the following steps:
  • the method for separating solid products of thermal cracking of waste plastics involved in the invention is suitable for thermal cracking of waste rubber or sludge.
  • the present invention realizes the automatic separation of the cracked ash 3 and the high-enthalpy solid heat storage medium 2 under the condition of ensuring sealing, and the high-enthalpy solid heat storage medium after screening the cracked ash 3 can continue to enter the cracking
  • the device realizes automatic recycling, and the pyrolysis ash 3 is automatically moved to the ash outlet 13 under the drive of the collecting screw 11 with the reverse spiral discharge blade 12 and the forward spiral discharge blade 14 on the left and right sides respectively, so as to realize the automatic movement of the pyrolysis ash 3.
  • Reliable collection improve production efficiency, and ensure the tightness of the entire system.

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

一种使用分离装置对废塑料连续化热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法，所使用的分离装置包括进料口（1）、分离机筒（4）、分离螺杆（5）、条形筛孔（6）、石墨盘根（7）、分离电机（8）、介质出口（9）、收集机筒（10）、收集螺杆（11）、反向螺旋排料叶片（12）、灰分出口（13）、正向螺旋排料叶片（14）、驱动链条（15）、正向螺旋筛分叶片（16）、主动链轮（17）、被动链轮（18）、联轴器（19）与轴承座（20）。废塑料连续化热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法：螺旋输送分离步骤与灰分自动收集步骤，在保证密封的情况下实现裂解灰分和高热焓固态储热介质的自动分离，实现了裂解灰分的自动可靠收集、提高了生产效率、保证了整个装置的密封性。

Description

使用分离装置对废塑料热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法 技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料热裂解装置技术领域，具体涉及一种使用分离装置对废塑料热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法。
背景技术
废塑料热裂解是将垃圾中的废塑料筛选出来并且将其置于无氧或者低氧的密闭容器中加热，废塑料受热裂解为低分子化合物。废塑料中的高聚物大分子通过裂解回到低分子量状态或者单体态，在此过程中，产出燃料油、气和炭黑等，实现废塑料的资源化、无害化和减量化处理。
废塑料连续化热裂解是以一定的供料速度持续往裂解器中输入废塑料，经过裂解器的加热和保温发生热裂解，裂解后的固体产物如炭黑等从裂解器中持续排出并收集。为了促进裂解反应的进行和提高裂解均匀性，需要在裂解器中添加高热焓固态储热介质。高热焓固态储热介质与废塑料在裂解器中一起搅拌至充分混合均匀，废塑料熔体包裹在高热焓固态储热介质表面，介质释放热量加速废塑料裂解过程，并且强化传热。在废塑料连续化热裂解过程中，裂解器中经常会发生结焦现象，焦块沉积在炉壁或者其他部件上，严重影响热量的传递，增加系统压力，甚至堵塞裂解器，给连续化运行带来困难。添加的高热焓固态储热介质在裂解器内随着废塑料一起运动，与裂解器的内壁面和螺杆等其他部件反复摩擦、剐蹭，还可以清除结焦并防止新结焦产生，最终，高热焓固态储热介质随着裂解灰分一起排出。高热焓固态储热介质和灰分混合在一起，如何将两者分离并实现高热焓固态储热介质的循环使用是废塑料热裂解领域亟待解决的问题，因此，研究设计一种废塑料连续化热裂解高热焓固态储热介质筛分装置，具有现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中存在的不足，提供一种能够使裂解灰分和高热焓固态储热介质自动分离、实现高热焓固态储热介质的循环利用、能自动收集裂解灰分并且在此过程中保证整个装置的动态密封性能、避免气体泄漏的使用分离装置对废塑料热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法。
按照本发明提供的技术方案，所述使用分离装置对废塑料热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法，所使用的分离装置包括进料口、分离机筒、分离螺杆、 条形筛孔、石墨盘根、分离电机、介质出口、收集机筒、收集螺杆、反向螺旋排料叶片、灰分出口、正向螺旋排料叶片、驱动链条、正向螺旋筛分叶片、主动链轮、被动链轮、联轴器与轴承座；
所述收集机筒位于分离机筒的正下方，在分离机筒的右端上侧壁固定有进料口，在分离机筒的左端下侧壁固定有介质出口；
在分离机筒的左右两端内部安装有轴承座与石墨盘根，分离螺杆的左右两端通过轴承座安装在分离机筒内，分离螺杆和分离机筒的端部连接处采用石墨盘根以实现动态旋转密封；在收集机筒的左右两端内部安装有轴承座与石墨盘根，收集螺杆的左右两端通过轴承座安装在收集机筒内，收集螺杆和收集机筒的端部连接处采用石墨盘根以实现动态旋转密封；
分离螺杆的左端部与分离电机的输出轴通过联轴器相连，在分离螺杆的右端部固定有主动链轮，在收集螺杆的右端部固定有被动链轮，在主动链轮与被动链轮上设有驱动链条；
在分离螺杆上固定有正向螺旋筛分叶片，在对应收集机筒正上方位置的分离机筒的下侧壁上开设有条形筛孔，所述收集机筒的横截面为U型结构且其开口朝上设置，收集机筒的工作段长度与条形筛孔的长度对应，在收集螺杆上固定有反向螺旋排料叶片与正向螺旋排料叶片，反向螺旋排料叶片呈间隔设置在正向螺旋排料叶片的左侧，在对应反向螺旋排料叶片的右端部与正向螺旋排料叶片之间位置的收集机筒的下侧壁固定有灰分出口。
使用上述分离装置对废塑料热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法包括以下步骤：
(一)螺旋输送分离：废塑料连续化热裂解产生的由灰分和高热焓固态储热介质组成的高温混合物料从进料口进入分离机筒内，分离电机通过联轴器带动分离螺杆旋转，分离螺杆上的正向螺旋筛分叶片驱动高温混合物料向左移动，裂解灰分由条形筛孔漏下至收集机筒内，由于高热焓固态储热介质直径大于条形筛孔的宽度则继续向左移动至介质出口排出，循环利用；
(二)灰分自动收集：裂解灰分在收集机筒内分散分布，分离螺杆通过主动链轮与驱动链条带动收集螺杆与被动链轮旋转，收集螺杆上设置的反向螺旋排料叶片与正向螺旋排料叶片，在收集螺杆和分离螺杆转向相同的情况下，灰分出口两边分散排布的裂解灰分在反向螺旋排料叶片与正向螺旋排料叶片的带动下分别向灰分出口输送，自动收集至灰分出口排出。
本发明在保证密封的情况下实现裂解灰分和高热焓固态储热介质的自动 分离，本发明实现了裂解灰分的自动可靠收集、提高了生产效率、保证了整个装置的密封性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图2是本发明的分离方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
一种使用分离装置对废塑料热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法，它所使用的分离装置包括进料口1、分离机筒4、分离螺杆5、条形筛孔6、石墨盘根7、分离电机8、介质出口9、收集机筒10、收集螺杆11、反向螺旋排料叶片12、灰分出口13、正向螺旋排料叶片14、驱动链条15、正向螺旋筛分叶片16、主动链轮17、被动链轮18、联轴器19与轴承座20；
所述收集机筒10位于分离机筒4的正下方，在分离机筒4的右端上侧壁固定有进料口1，在分离机筒4的左端下侧壁固定有介质出口9；
在分离机筒4的左右两端内部安装有轴承座20与石墨盘根7，分离螺杆5的左右两端通过轴承座20安装在分离机筒4内，分离螺杆5和分离机筒4的端部连接处采用石墨盘根7以实现动态旋转密封；在收集机筒10的左右两端内部安装有轴承座20与石墨盘根7，收集螺杆11的左右两端通过轴承座20安装在收集机筒10内，收集螺杆11和收集机筒10的端部连接处采用石墨盘根7以实现动态旋转密封；
分离螺杆5的左端部与分离电机8的输出轴通过联轴器19相连，在分离螺杆5的右端部固定有主动链轮17，在收集螺杆11的右端部固定有被动链轮18，在主动链轮17与被动链轮18上设有驱动链条15；
在分离螺杆5上固定有正向螺旋筛分叶片16，在对应收集机筒10正上方位置的分离机筒4的下侧壁上开设有条形筛孔6，所述收集机筒10的横截面为U型结构且其开口朝上设置，收集机筒10的工作段长度与条形筛孔6的长度对应，在收集螺杆11上固定有反向螺旋排料叶片12与正向螺旋排料叶片14，反向螺旋排料叶片12呈间隔设置在正向螺旋排料叶片14的左侧，在对应反向螺旋排料叶片12的右端部与正向螺旋排料叶片14之间位置的收集机筒10的下侧壁固定有灰分出口13。
使用上述分离装置对废塑料热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法包括以下步骤：
(一)螺旋输送分离：废塑料连续化热裂解产生的由裂解灰分3和高热焓固态储热介质2组成的高温混合物料从进料口1进入分离机筒4内，分离电机8通过联轴器19带动分离螺杆5旋转，分离螺杆5上的正向螺旋筛分叶片16驱动高温混合物料向左移动，裂解灰分3由条形筛孔6漏下至收集机筒10内，由于高热焓固态储热介质2的直径大于条形筛孔6的宽度则继续向左移动至介质出口9排出，循环利用；
(二)灰分自动收集：裂解灰分3在收集机筒10内分散分布，分离螺杆5通过主动链轮17与驱动链条15带动收集螺杆11与被动链轮18旋转，收集螺杆11上设置的反向螺旋排料叶片12与正向螺旋排料叶片14，在收集螺杆11和分离螺杆5转向相同的情况下，灰分出口13两边分散排布的裂解灰分3在反向螺旋排料叶片12与正向螺旋排料叶片14的带动下分别向灰分出口13输送，自动收集至灰分出口13排出。
本发明涉及的废塑料热裂解固态产物分离方法适用于废橡胶或者油泥的热裂解。
本发明与现有技术相比，本发明在保证密封的情况下实现裂解灰分3和高热焓固态储热介质2的自动分离，筛除裂解灰分3后的高热焓固态储热介质可以继续进入裂解器实现自动循环使用，裂解灰分3在左右两边分别设置有反向螺旋排料叶片12与正向螺旋排料叶片14的收集螺杆11的驱动下自动向灰分出口13移动，实现裂解灰分3的自动可靠收集，提高生产效率，保证整个系统的密封性。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种使用分离装置对废塑料热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法，其特征是：所使用的分离装置包括进料口(1)、分离机筒(4)、分离螺杆(5)、条形筛孔(6)、石墨盘根(7)、分离电机(8)、介质出口(9)、收集机筒(10)、收集螺杆(11)、反向螺旋排料叶片(12)、灰分出口(13)、正向螺旋排料叶片(14)、驱动链条(15)、正向螺旋筛分叶片(16)、主动链轮(17)、被动链轮(18)、联轴器(19)与轴承座(20)；
    收集机筒(10)位于分离机筒(4)的正下方，在分离机筒(4)的右端上侧壁固定有进料口(1)，在分离机筒(4)的左端下侧壁固定有介质出口(9)；
    在分离机筒(4)的左右两端内部安装有轴承座(20)与石墨盘根(7)，分离螺杆(5)的左右两端通过轴承座(20)安装在分离机筒(4)内，分离螺杆(5)和分离机筒(4)的端部连接处采用石墨盘根(7)以实现动态旋转密封；在收集机筒(10)的左右两端内部安装有轴承座(20)与石墨盘根(7)，收集螺杆(11)的左右两端通过轴承座(20)安装在收集机筒(10)内，收集螺杆(11)和收集机筒(10)的端部连接处采用石墨盘根(7)以实现动态旋转密封；
    分离螺杆(5)的左端部与分离电机(8)的输出轴通过联轴器(19)相连，在分离螺杆(5)的右端部固定有主动链轮(17)，在收集螺杆(11)的右端部固定有被动链轮(18)，在主动链轮(17)与被动链轮(18)上设有驱动链条(15)；
    在分离螺杆(5)上固定有正向螺旋筛分叶片(16)，在对应收集机筒(10)正上方位置的分离机筒(4)的下侧壁上开设有条形筛孔(6)，所述收集机筒(10)的横截面为U型结构且其开口朝上设置，收集机筒(10)的工作段长度与条形筛孔(6)的长度对应，在收集螺杆(11)上固定有反向螺旋排料叶片(12)与正向螺旋排料叶片(14)，反向螺旋排料叶片(12)呈间隔设置在正向螺旋排料叶片(14)的左侧，在对应反向螺旋排料叶片(12)的右端部与正向螺旋排料叶片(14)之间位置的收集机筒(10)的下侧壁固定有灰分出口(13)；
    使用上述分离装置对废塑料热裂解固态产物进行分离的方法包括以下步骤：
    (一)螺旋输送分离：废塑料连续化热裂解产生的由裂解灰分(3)和高热焓固态储热介质(2)组成的高温混合物料从进料口(1)进入分离机筒(4)内，分离电机(8)通过联轴器(19)带动分离螺杆(5)旋转，分离螺杆(5)上的正向螺旋筛分叶片(16)驱动高温混合物料向左移动，裂解灰分(3)由条形筛孔(6)漏下至收集机筒(10)内，由于高热焓固态储热介质(2)的直径大于条形筛孔(6)的宽度则继续向左移动至介质出口(9)排出，循环利用；
    (二)灰分自动收集：裂解灰分(3)在收集机筒(10)内分散分布，分离螺杆(5)通过主动链轮(17)与驱动链条(15)带动收集螺杆(11)与被动链轮(18)旋转，收集螺杆(11)上设置的反向螺旋排料叶片(12)与正向螺旋排料叶片(14)，在收集螺杆(11)和分离螺杆(5)转向相同的情况下，灰分出口(13)两边分散排布的裂解灰分(3)在反向螺旋排料叶片(12)与正向螺旋排料叶片(14)的带动下分别向灰分出口(13)输送，自动收集至灰分出口(13)排出。
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