WO2022067658A1 - 口罩、样本采集管以及病原体采集装置 - Google Patents

口罩、样本采集管以及病原体采集装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022067658A1
WO2022067658A1 PCT/CN2020/119384 CN2020119384W WO2022067658A1 WO 2022067658 A1 WO2022067658 A1 WO 2022067658A1 CN 2020119384 W CN2020119384 W CN 2020119384W WO 2022067658 A1 WO2022067658 A1 WO 2022067658A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
fixing frame
mask according
pathogen
adsorption part
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/119384
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪建
吴江湖
谢青
邝皓妍
耿春雨
黄硕
Original Assignee
深圳华大智造科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳华大智造科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳华大智造科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202080103121.2A priority Critical patent/CN115867160A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/119384 priority patent/WO2022067658A1/zh
Publication of WO2022067658A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022067658A1/zh
Priority to US18/184,482 priority patent/US20230218847A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/105—Filters
    • A61M16/106—Filters in a path
    • A61M16/1065—Filters in a path in the expiratory path
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/02—Layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/30—Antimicrobial, e.g. antibacterial
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
    • A61M16/0816—Joints or connectors
    • A61M16/0841—Joints or connectors for sampling
    • A61M16/085—Gas sampling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/105—Filters
    • A61M16/1055—Filters bacterial
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A61M16/0683—Holding devices therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
    • A61M16/208—Non-controlled one-way valves, e.g. exhalation, check, pop-off non-rebreathing valves

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of medical supplies, in particular to a mask, a sample collection tube and a pathogen collection device.
  • Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is mainly transmitted through droplets, close contact, and aerosols formed by droplets.
  • Relevant tests are carried out by collecting the virus exhaled by patients, such as nucleic acid testing, antibody testing, etc.
  • samples are mainly collected through throat swabs and nasal swabs. This method of collection will not only bring discomfort to the sampled person, but also need to be trained on sampling techniques and procedures. The sampler also needs special protection to avoid infection. However, such a collection method has high operational risk, high sampling cost and low efficiency.
  • the present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • the first purpose of this application is to propose a mask, which can complete the collection of aerosol particles that may contain viruses while ensuring the comfort of the wearer, and effectively avoid the risk of the collector being infected during the sampling process;
  • the second purpose of the present application is to propose a sample collection tube, which can take out the pathogen adsorption part in the above-mentioned mask;
  • the third purpose of the present application is to provide a pathogen collection device, which can collect the pathogen adsorption part in the above-mentioned mask, and then perform the next step of detection and testing.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides a mask, comprising: a mask body; a breathing valve, the breathing valve is fixed on the mask body; a sampling structure, the sampling structure includes: a pathogen adsorption part, the pathogen The adsorption part is arranged on the inner side of the breathing valve and is suitable for adsorbing pathogens in exhaled air; wherein the pathogen adsorption part is suitable for entering the sample collection tube to contact with the sample preservation liquid in the sample collection tube.
  • the collection of aerosol particles exhaled by the wearer can be completed while ensuring the comfort of the wearer, avoiding various discomforts of the wearer during the sampling process, and effectively avoiding
  • the risk probability of the sampler being infected during the sampling process and the risk of contamination of the sample can realize simultaneous sampling by multiple people, which greatly improves the sampling efficiency.
  • the breathing valve is a one-way valve, and the breathing valve is configured to be turned on when the wearer exhales and closed when the wearer inhales.
  • the breathing valve comprises: a valve housing provided with a vent hole; a valve sheet, the valve sheet is provided on the valve housing and is configured to open the exhaust port when the wearer exhales An air vent that closes when the wearer inhales.
  • the pathogen adsorption part is arranged inside the exhaust hole.
  • valve plate is disposed on the valve housing, and the other end of the valve plate is selectively pressed on the valve housing to open or close the exhaust hole.
  • valve plate is configured in an annular shape, and the inner end of the valve plate is connected to the valve shell In a fixed connection, the outer end of the valve plate can be selectively pressed against the valve housing to open or close a plurality of the vent holes.
  • valve plate is provided with a plurality of micropores, and the micropores are configured such that when the wearer exhales, the diameter of the micropores becomes larger and communicates with the exhaust hole, and when the wearer inhales, the diameter of the micropores becomes smaller until it is closed.
  • valve housing is detachably arranged on the mask body.
  • valve housing is threadedly matched with the mask body.
  • valve housing is connected with the pathogen adsorption part.
  • the breathing valve further includes: a valve cover, the valve cover is arranged on the outer side of the valve casing and defines an exhaust space with the valve casing, and the valve cover is provided with a connection with the exhaust gas Spatially connected ventilation holes.
  • valve cover is also provided with a blocking cover that selectively seals the ventilation holes. Further, the valve cover is detachably connected to the valve housing.
  • valve cover is screwed with the valve housing.
  • valve cover is connected to the pathogen adsorption part.
  • valve plate is arranged in the exhaust space, and a filter layer is arranged on the outer side of the valve plate.
  • the filter layer has a fluffy state and a compressed state
  • the filter layer is suitable for filtering the air entering from the ventilation holes in the fluffy state, and has the properties of airtight and watertightness in the compressed state.
  • a tightening device the tightening device is connected with the filter layer and is suitable for tightening the filter layer and sealing the ventilation holes when tightening.
  • a waterproof sheet is provided outside the filter layer, and the waterproof sheet can be selectively pressed on the valve cover to seal the ventilation hole.
  • the breathing valve is detachably mounted on the mask body.
  • the breathing valve is optionally installed on the sample collection tube to seal the inlet of the sample collection tube.
  • the breathing valve can optionally be threadedly matched with the mask body or the sample collection tube.
  • the mask body is provided with a base, and the breathing valve is detachably mounted on the base.
  • the pathogen adsorption part is adapted to be away from the breathing valve under the action of an external force so as to be in contact with the sample preservation liquid.
  • the pathogen adsorption part is adapted to be separated from the breathing valve under the action of an external force so as to be in contact with the sample preservation liquid.
  • the sampling structure further includes: a fixing frame, and the pathogen adsorption part is arranged on the fixing frame.
  • the pathogen adsorption part is arranged at the inner end of the fixing frame, the outer end of the fixing frame is arranged inside the breathing valve, and the part of the breathing valve facing the outer end of the fixing frame is constructed. It is an elastic area to deform and push against the fixing frame when subjected to force.
  • an inner end of the fixing frame is provided with the pathogen adsorption portion, and an outer end of the fixing frame extends out of the outside of the breathing valve to form a pressing portion.
  • the fixing frame includes: an inner fixing frame and an outer fixing frame separated from each other, the inner fixing frame is connected with the breathing valve and is suitable for being separated from the breathing valve under the action of an external force, and the inner fixing frame is The pathogen adsorption part is arranged at the inner end of the frame, the outer end of the outer fixing frame extends out of the outer side of the breathing valve to form the pressing part, and the inner end of the outer fixing frame is selectively connected with the inner end of the outer fixing frame.
  • the outer end of the fixed frame stops.
  • an installation hole is provided on the breathing valve, and at least part of the inner fixing frame passes through the installation hole and is in interference fit with the installation hole.
  • a weak connection part is provided between the inner fixing frame and the breathing valve, and the weak connection part is suitable for breaking under the action of an external force to separate the inner fixing frame and the breathing valve.
  • a limiting portion is provided on the breathing valve, and after the outer fixing frame pushes against the inner fixing frame and is separated from the breathing valve, the limiting portion is suitable for restricting the outer fixing frame from facing the inner side. The holder moves.
  • both the inner fixing frame and the outer fixing frame are configured as rod-shaped structures
  • the limiting part includes: a limiting block arranged on the outer fixing frame and a limitation block arranged on the breathing valve and connected with the breathing valve.
  • the limiting portion is snap-fitted with the limiting groove, and the diameter of the limiting portion is larger than the diameter of the inner fixing frame.
  • a support plate is disposed at the inner end of the fixing frame, a first through hole is disposed on the support plate, and the pathogen adsorption portion is disposed on the support plate and covers the first through hole.
  • the inner end of the fixing frame is provided with a support cylinder, the inner end of the support cylinder is open, the cylinder wall of the support cylinder is provided with a second through hole, and the pathogen adsorption part is provided on the support cylinder. on and covering the second via.
  • the base is configured as a cylindrical structure and the bottom of the base is provided with an air inlet hole, and the pathogen adsorption part is adapted to block the air inlet hole.
  • the inner end of the fixing frame is arranged on the breathing valve or the base, and the outer end of the fixing frame is arranged with the pathogen adsorption part.
  • the fixing frame is configured as a fixing cylinder, the outer end of the fixing cylinder is open and the inner end of the fixing cylinder is provided with a third through hole, and the pathogen collecting part is arranged at the inner end of the fixing cylinder and covering the third via.
  • the fixing cylinder is detachably arranged on the breathing valve or the base.
  • the fixing cylinder is clamped and fixed with the breathing valve or the base.
  • a pulling part is provided on the fixing cylinder.
  • the fixing cylinder includes: a fixing cylinder body and a bottom wall part arranged at the outer end of the fixing cylinder body, the third through hole is provided on the bottom wall part, and the bottom wall part is configured to Under the action of external force, it is separated from the fixed cylinder body.
  • the bottom wall portion is detachably arranged on the fixed cylinder body.
  • the bottom wall portion is clamped and fixed with the fixing cylinder body.
  • an exhaust passage is provided in the breathing valve, and at least part of the sampling structure is arranged in the exhaust passage.
  • the pathogen adsorption part is disposed at the inner end of the fixing frame, the outer end of the fixing frame is connected with the breathing valve, and at least part of the fixing frame is suitable for being inserted into the sample collection tube and Suitable for breaking under the action of external force.
  • the fixing frame is provided with a strength weakening area so as to be broken under the action of external force.
  • the fixing frame is configured as a cylindrical structure and the outer diameter of the fixing frame is smaller than the inner diameter of the sample collection tube.
  • an inner end of the fixing frame is provided with the pathogen adsorption part
  • an outer end of the fixing frame is connected with the breathing valve
  • the pathogen adsorption part is suitable for being cut by a cutting part on the sample collection tube to disengage from the mount.
  • the sampling structure further includes: a limiting member, the limiting member is arranged on the valve body; a mounting leg, the mounting legs are multiple and the inner ends of the multiple mounting legs are all connected with all the mounting legs.
  • the outer peripheral edges of the pathogen adsorption part are connected; a force rod, the outer end of the force rod is configured as a force end, and the inner end of the force rod can selectively apply force toward the installation foot or the pathogen adsorption part so that the pathogen adsorption part is deformed.
  • each of the mounting feet is hinged with the limiting member, and the force-bearing rod is adapted to push against the pathogen adsorption portion to deform the pathogen adsorption portion.
  • each of the mounting feet is connected to the inner end of the force-bearing rod, and the force-bearing rod is adapted to pull the outer end of each of the mounting feet to make each of the mounting feet in the The limiting member is pushed and folded, and the pathogen adsorption part is deformed.
  • the limiting member is configured as an annular limiting ring.
  • the pathogen adsorption part is connected with the fixing frame through a water-soluble material layer.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a sample collection tube, comprising: a collection tube body, the collection tube body has an open opening and a sample collection liquid is set inside; a cover body, the cover body is detachably arranged on the collection tube The opening is closed or opened on the tube body; wherein the sample collection tube body is provided with a cutting part suitable for cutting the pathogen collection part.
  • the cutting portion is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the collection tube body.
  • the cutting portion is disposed adjacent to the opening.
  • the cutting parts are multiple, and the cutting parts are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the collecting tube body.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a pathogen collection device, comprising: a sample collection tube, wherein a sample preservation solution is set in the sample collection tube; the mask, the pathogen adsorption part on the mask is suitable for entering the sample collection The tube is in contact with the sample preservation solution in the sample collection tube.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of mouth mask in one embodiment of the application
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a mask in an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a mask in an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the mask in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a mask in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is the matching diagram of the fixing frame and the base in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a sampling diagram 2 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is sampling diagram 2 in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a sampling diagram 1 in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is sampling diagram 2 in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is an internal coordination diagram 1 of a sampling structure in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is the internal coordination diagram 2 of the sampling structure in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is the internal coordination diagram 1 of the sampling structure in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is an internal coordination diagram 2 of the sampling structure in another embodiment of the present application.
  • the fixing frame 32 the inner fixing frame 321, the outer fixing frame 322, the pulling part 323,
  • the collection tube body 2001 The collection tube body 2001 , the cover body 2002 , the cutting part 2003 , and the preservation solution 2004 .
  • a mask 1000 including: a mask body 1; a breathing valve 2, which is fixed on the mask body 1; a sampling structure, the sampling structure includes: a pathogen adsorption part 31, a pathogen
  • the adsorption part 31 is disposed inside the breathing valve 2 and is suitable for adsorbing pathogens in exhaled air; wherein the pathogen adsorption part 31 is suitable for entering the sample collection tube 2000 to contact the sample preservation liquid 2004 in the sample collection tube 2000 .
  • samples are mainly collected through throat swabs and nasal swabs. This method of collection will not only bring discomfort to the sampled person, but also need to be trained on sampling techniques and procedures. The sampler also needs special protection to avoid infection. However, such a collection method has high operational risk, high sampling cost and low efficiency.
  • the present application envisages that the mask 1000 can be used, and the pathogen adsorption part 31 is set on the mask 1000 to collect viruses, which can replace the method of collecting samples through throat swabs and nasal swabs and reduce the number of samples being sampled. discomfort of the person.
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 is directly adhered to the inner surface of the mask 1000, on the one hand, the thickness of the mask body 1 will be increased, thereby increasing the feeling of suffocation when wearing; on the other hand, the pathogen adsorption part 31 needs to be cut or folded into The predetermined size is then immersed in the preservation solution, which is not only cumbersome to operate, but also increases the risk of infection due to the excessive contact between the sampling personnel and the pathogen adsorption part 31 during the sampling and transfer of the pathogen adsorption part 31, and the sample also has the risk of contamination, which may affect Accuracy of test results.
  • the present application sets the breathing valve 2 on the mask 1000, and places the pathogen adsorption part 31 in the breathing valve. 2.
  • the breathing valve 2 on the mask 1000, and places the pathogen adsorption part 31 in the breathing valve. 2.
  • the present application sets the pathogen adsorption part 31 on the inner side of the breathing valve 2, that is, on the side close to the wearer, so that after the wearer breathes
  • the pathogens in the exhaled breath can be directly sampled to prevent the virus in the outside air from affecting the samples, resulting in inaccurate test results, and causing unnecessary economic and human losses to medical equipment, medical personnel, and the person who provided the samples.
  • the mask 1000 of the present application by arranging the pathogen adsorption part 31 in the breathing valve 2, the collection of aerosol particles exhaled by the wearer can be completed while ensuring the comfort of the wearer, thereby avoiding various discomforts of the wearer during the sampling process. It can effectively avoid the risk probability of the sampler being infected during the sampling process and the risk of contamination of the sample, which can realize simultaneous sampling by multiple people, which greatly improves the sampling efficiency.
  • the breathing valve 2 is a one-way valve, and the breathing valve 2 is configured to be turned on when the wearer exhales and closed when the wearer inhales.
  • the breathing valve 2 of the present application is a one-way valve.
  • the breathing valve 2 When the wearer exhales, the breathing valve 2 is turned on to collect the virus in the exhaled breath of the wearer into The pathogen adsorption part 31 is closed when the wearer inhales, preventing air from entering the pathogen adsorption part 31 from the breathing valve 2, damaging the sample and affecting the accuracy of the results.
  • the breathing valve 2 includes: a valve housing 21 and a valve plate 22 .
  • valve housing 21 is provided with a vent hole; the valve sheet 22 is provided on the valve housing 21 and is configured to open the vent hole when the wearer exhales and close the vent hole when the wearer inhales.
  • valve shell 21 is fixed on the mask body 1, and the gas exhaled by the wearer can be discharged through the exhaust hole on the valve shell 21.
  • a valve sheet 22 is provided at the position of the exhaust hole to open or close the exhaust hole. It is embodied as: opening the vent when the wearer exhales and closing when the wearer inhales.
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 is provided inside the exhaust hole.
  • inside in this application can be understood as the direction close to the wearer's face, and “outside” can be understood as the direction away from the wearer's face; the air vent is opened when the wearer exhales, When the wearer inhales, it is closed.
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 is arranged near the wearer and only collects viruses in the wearer's exhaled air. If it is arranged outside the exhaust hole, the pathogen adsorption part 31 will be exposed to the air. , there is no guarantee that the sample is only the virus exhaled by the wearer.
  • one end of the valve plate 22 is disposed on the valve housing 21, and the other end of the valve plate 22 is selectively pressed against the valve housing 21 to open or close the exhaust hole.
  • the valve plate 22 is opened, and the exhaust hole is in an open state; when the wearer inhales, the valve plate 22 is pressed against the casing, and the exhaust hole is in a closed state.
  • valve plate 22 is configured in an annular shape, and the inner end of the valve plate 22 is fixedly connected to the valve housing 21 , The outer end of the valve plate 22 is selectively pressed against the valve housing 21 to open or close a plurality of exhaust holes.
  • the valve plate 22 can be a solid part, and when the wearer exhales, the valve plate 22 is rotated out or opened to realize opening, and when the wearer inhales, the valve plate 22 is rotated or pressed against the housing to realize closing.
  • the valve plate 22 is provided with a plurality of micropores, and the micropores are configured such that when the wearer exhales, the diameter of the micropores becomes larger and communicates with the exhaust hole, and when the wearer inhales, the diameter becomes smaller until it is closed .
  • the valve sheet 22 can be a chemical material, when the wearer exhales, the aperture of the micropores on the valve sheet 22 becomes larger and communicates with the exhaust hole, and when the wearer inhales, the aperture of the micropores on the valve sheet 22 becomes smaller. until the vent hole is closed.
  • the valve housing 21 is detachably provided on the mask body 1 . Since the pathogen adsorption part 31 is arranged on the inner side of the breathing valve 2, the pathogen adsorption part 31 needs to be taken out for testing when collecting samples. Section 31 performs the next processing.
  • valve housing 21 is screwed with the mask body 1 .
  • the valve shell 21 can be separated from the mask body 1 by rotating, and then the pathogen adsorption part 31 can be processed in the next step.
  • valve housing 21 is connected with the pathogen adsorption part 31 .
  • the breathing valve 2 further includes: a valve cover 23 , the valve cover 23 is disposed outside the valve casing 21 and defines an exhaust space with the valve casing 21 , and the valve cover 23 is provided with an exhaust space Connected ventilation holes.
  • the breath exhaled by the wearer is discharged from the vent hole, and then through the vent space and finally discharged from the vent hole to the outside world.
  • valve cover 23 is further provided with a blocking cover that selectively seals the ventilation holes.
  • a blocking cover is further set on the valve cover 23, which can seal or open the ventilation holes, and use the blocking cover to isolate the exhaust space from the outside air, so as to effectively avoid viruses that may exist in the outside air. Enter the exhaust space to improve the accuracy and reliability of the final test results.
  • the blocking cover can be configured as a rotary blocking cover, one end of the blocking cover is set on the valve cover 23, and the other end of the blocking cover can be selectively pressed on the blocking cover to open or close the ventilation holes; the blocking cover can also be A material that closes the vents by pulling on a drawstring.
  • the form of the blocking cover is not limited to the above examples, as long as the purpose of sealing and opening the ventilation holes on the valve cover 23 can be achieved, that is, within the scope of the intended protection of the present application.
  • the valve cover 23 is detachably connected with the valve housing 21 . Since the pathogen adsorption part 31 is arranged inside the breathing valve 2 , the pathogen adsorption part 31 needs to be taken out for testing when collecting samples. After the valve cover 23 is removed from the valve housing 21 , the valve housing 21 and the pathogen adsorption part 31 are left. , it is more convenient to process the pathogen adsorption part 31 .
  • valve cover 23 is screwed with the valve housing 21 .
  • the valve cover 23 is separated from the valve housing 21 by rotating the valve cover 23 .
  • valve cover 23 is connected with the pathogen adsorption part 31 .
  • valve plate 22 is disposed in the exhaust space, and a filter layer is disposed on the outer side of the valve plate 22 .
  • a filter layer is set on the outside of the valve plate 22, that is, a filter layer is set in the exhaust space, and the filter layer has a better sealing effect and filtering effect.
  • the filter layer has a better sealing effect and filtering effect.
  • it can avoid the adsorption of virus pollution pathogens in the external environment
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 is placed in the sample collection tube 2000 containing the sample preservation solution 2004, the sample collection tube 2000 can be sealed to prevent the sample preservation solution 2004 from being spilled or polluted by the external environment.
  • the filter layer has a fluffy state and a compressed state
  • the filter layer is suitable for filtering air entering from the ventilation holes in the fluffy state, and has air- and water-impermeability properties in the compressed state.
  • the filter layer can be formed of compressible loose materials. Air, to avoid the virus in the external environment from contaminating the adsorption material, and at the same time to relieve the feeling of suffocation when wearing the mask 1000; during sampling, the filter layer can be compressed into a watertight, airtight sealing layer to prevent the sample preservation liquid 2004 from spilling out, in this application
  • the filter layer can realize flexible switching.
  • the mask 1000 further includes: a tightening device, the tightening device is connected with the filter layer and is adapted to tighten the filter layer and seal the ventilation holes when tightening.
  • the tightening device can be a pulling string, and the filter layer is tightened by pulling the string to form a watertight and airtight sealing layer.
  • a waterproof sheet is further provided outside the filter layer, and the waterproof sheet is selectively pressed on the valve cover 23 to seal the ventilation holes.
  • the waterproof sheet can further enhance the waterproofness during sampling, so as to prevent the sample preservation liquid 2004 from splashing out and achieve the effect of sealing the sample collection tube 2000 .
  • the breathing valve 2 is detachably mounted on the mask body 1 .
  • Both the valve housing 21 and the valve cover 23 included in the breathing valve 2 have threaded structures, which can be connected and assembled by rotating.
  • the breathing valve 2 is optionally installed on the sample collection tube 2000 to seal the inlet of the sample collection tube 2000 .
  • the inlet of the sample collection tube 2000 is provided with a threaded structure, which can be matched with the breathing valve 2. After the valve shell 21 with the pathogen adsorption part 31 or the valve cover 23 with the pathogen adsorption part 31 is partially removed, it can be directly placed. into the sample collection tube 2000 , and the sample collection tube 2000 is sealed by screwing the inlet of the sample collection tube 2000 with the valve shell 21 or screwing with the valve cover 23 .
  • the breathing valve 2 can be selectively threaded with the mask body 1 or the sample collection tube 2000 .
  • virus collection can be achieved, and when the breathing valve 2 is screwed with the sample collection tube 2000, the sample collection tube 2000 can be sealed.
  • the mask body 1 is provided with a base 4 , and the breathing valve 2 is detachably mounted on the base 4 .
  • the base 4 plays a supporting and fixing role and is connected to the mask body 1 , which can prevent the pathogen adsorption part 31 from coming off the breathing valve 2 .
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 is adapted to be away from the breathing valve 2 under the action of an external force so as to be in contact with the sample preservation liquid 2004 .
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 After collecting the virus in the exhaled breath of the wearer, the sample needs to be tested, and then the pathogen adsorption part 31 with the virus needs to be taken out.
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 is still connected to the breathing valve 2 , but is away from the breathing valve 2 under the action of external force, so that the pathogen adsorption part 31 can be in contact with the sample preservation solution 2004 .
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 is adapted to be separated from the breathing valve 2 under the action of an external force so as to be in contact with the sample preservation liquid 2004 .
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 is separated from the breathing valve 2 under the action of an external force, so that the pathogen adsorption part 31 falls into the sample preservation solution 2004 and contacts with the sample preservation solution 2004.
  • the sampling structure further includes: a fixing frame 32 , and the pathogen adsorption part 31 is arranged on the fixing frame 32 for fixing the pathogen adsorption part 31 .
  • the inner end of the fixing frame 32 is provided with a pathogen adsorption part 31 , the outer end of the fixing frame 32 is arranged inside the breathing valve 2 , and the part of the breathing valve 2 facing the outer end of the fixing frame 32 is configured as The elastic area is deformed and pushed against the fixing frame 32 when subjected to force.
  • outer end here refers to the end away from the wearer, and the inner end refers to the end close to the wearer.
  • the end of the fixing frame 32 close to the wearer is provided with a pathogen adsorption part 31 for collecting viruses in the exhaled breath of the wearer.
  • a pathogen adsorption part 31 for collecting viruses in the exhaled breath of the wearer.
  • the inner end of the fixing frame 32 is provided with a pathogen adsorption part 31 , and the outer end of the fixing frame 32 extends out of the outside of the breathing valve 2 to form a pressing part.
  • the fixing frame 32 passes through the breathing valve 2 , the inner end of the fixing frame 32 is provided with a pathogen adsorption part 31 , and the outer end of the fixing frame 32 forms a pressing part.
  • the fixing frame 32 with the pathogen adsorption part 31 moves downward.
  • the fixing frame 32 includes: an inner fixing frame 321 and an outer fixing frame 322 which are separated from each other.
  • the inner fixing frame 321 is connected with the breathing valve 2 and is suitable for being detached from the breathing valve 2 under the action of an external force.
  • the inner end of the fixing frame 321 is provided with the pathogen adsorption part 31 , the outer end of the outer fixing frame 322 extends out of the outside of the breathing valve 2 to form a pressing part, and the inner end of the outer fixing frame 322 can be selectively connected with the outer end of the inner fixing frame 321 stop.
  • the outer fixing frame 322 transmits the force to the inner fixing frame 321, so that the fixing frame 32 with the pathogen adsorption part 31 moves downward until it is separated from the breathing valve 2.
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 can be aligned with the inlet of the sample collection tube 2000, and after the pathogen adsorption part 31 is separated from the breathing valve 2, it directly falls into the sample collection tube 2000 with the sample preservation solution 2004 to complete the sampling.
  • the breathing valve 2 is provided with a mounting hole, and at least part of the inner fixing frame 321 passes through the mounting hole and is in interference fit with the mounting hole.
  • the part of the inner fixing frame 321 passing through the mounting hole is in an interference fit with the installation hole, so that the inner fixing frame 321 can be stuck on the breathing valve 2. After pressing and applying force, the inner fixing frame 321 moves downward, which destroys the inner fixing frame.
  • the inner fixing frame 321 can be clamped on the breathing valve 2 by using the lower section and the installation hole, or the middle section can be clamped with the installation hole, and the outer end of the inner fixing frame 321 protrudes from the part of the breathing valve 2. It is long enough so that in the process of pressing, the part of the interference fit can be completely separated from the installation hole, so that the inner fixing frame 321 can fall freely and smoothly.
  • a weak connection portion is provided between the inner fixing frame 321 and the breathing valve 2 , and the weak connection portion is adapted to be broken under the action of an external force to separate the inner fixing frame 321 from the breathing valve 2 .
  • the sampling structure, the inner fixing frame 321 and the breathing valve 2 are detached from the mask body 1 together, and the weak connection provided between the inner fixing frame 321 and the breathing valve 2 can be broken when force is applied; the sample When transferred to the sample collection tube 2000 , the weak connection is broken by applying force to disengage the sampling structure from the internal fixation frame 321 and the breathing valve 2 .
  • the sampling structure can be aligned with the inlet of the sample collection tube 2000, and after the sampling structure is separated from the inner fixing frame 321 and the breathing valve 2, it directly falls into the sample collection tube 2000 with the sample preservation solution 2004 to complete the sampling.
  • a limiting portion is provided on the breathing valve 2 . After the outer fixing frame 322 pushes against the inner fixing frame 321 and leaves the breathing valve 2 , the limiting portion is adapted to restrict the movement of the outer fixing frame 322 toward the inner fixing frame 321 .
  • the valve 2 is provided with a limiting portion, and the resistance outer fixing frame 322 and the inner fixing frame 321 fall into the sample collection tube 2000 together.
  • the inner fixing frame 321 and the outer fixing frame 322 are both configured as rod-shaped structures
  • the limiting portion includes: a limiting block arranged on the outer fixing frame 322 and a limiting block arranged on the breathing valve 2 and connected to the limiting portion.
  • the limit slot cooperates with the limit block to prevent the outer fixing frame 322 from passing through the installation hole, so as to avoid falling into the sample collection tube 2000 together with the inner fixing frame 321 .
  • the inner end of the fixing frame 32 is provided with a support plate, the support plate is provided with a first through hole, and the pathogen adsorption portion 31 is disposed on the support plate and covers the first through hole.
  • the location where the pathogen adsorption part 31 is installed can be configured in the form of a support plate, a plurality of legs can be provided on the support plate, the pathogen adsorption part 31 is installed on the upper surface or the lower surface of the plurality of legs in the support plate, and the first via hole can be At the gap between the two legs, the virus in the exhaled breath of the wearer passes through the first via hole and attaches to the pathogen adsorption part 31 .
  • the inner end of the fixing frame 32 is provided with a support cylinder, the inner end of the support cylinder is open, the cylinder wall of the support cylinder is provided with a second through hole, and the pathogen adsorption portion 31 is provided on the support cylinder and covers second via.
  • the position where the pathogen adsorption part 31 is installed can be configured in the form of a support cylinder, the second through hole on the support cylinder can be arranged on the wall surface of the support cylinder, and the pathogen adsorption part 31 is installed on the inner wall surface or the outer wall surface of the support cylinder. Viruses in the exhaled air of a person pass through the second via hole and adhere to the pathogen adsorption part 31 .
  • the inner end of the fixing frame 32 is replaced by a supporting plate with a supporting cylinder, and the pathogen adsorption part 31 of the fixing frame 32 is also changed from a sheet to a cylinder according to the difference of the fixing frame 32.
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 is configured in the form of a cylinder
  • the contact surface area is larger, a structure similar to a filter is formed, and the efficiency of virus collection is higher than that of the sheet-shaped pathogen adsorption part 31 .
  • the base 4 is configured as a cylindrical structure and the bottom of the base 4 is provided with an air inlet hole, and the pathogen adsorption part 31 is adapted to block the air inlet hole.
  • the air inlet hole allows the pathogen adsorption part 31 to freely pass through, and the pathogen adsorption part 31 can drop into the sample collection tube 2000 from the air inlet hole.
  • the inner end of the fixing frame 32 is arranged on the breathing valve 2 or the base 4 , and the outer end of the fixing frame 32 is arranged with a pathogen adsorption part 31 .
  • the inner end represents the end close to the wearer, and the outer end represents the end away from the wearer;
  • the mask 1000 in the embodiment is a mask body 1, a breathing valve 2 or a base 4, a fixed mask 1000 from the inside to the outside.
  • the rack 32 and the pathogen adsorption part 31 are shown in Fig. 4-Fig. 6, the inner end represents the end close to the wearer, and the outer end represents the end away from the wearer;
  • the mask 1000 in the embodiment is a mask body 1, a breathing valve 2 or a base 4, a fixed mask 1000 from the inside to the outside.
  • the rack 32 and the pathogen adsorption part 31 are examples of the pathogen adsorption part 31 .
  • the fixing frame 32 is configured as a fixing cylinder, the outer end of the fixing cylinder is open, the inner end of the fixing cylinder is provided with a third through hole, and the pathogen adsorption part 31 is arranged at the inner end of the fixing cylinder and covers the third through hole. vias. Viruses in the exhaled breath of the wearer pass through the third through hole and attach to the pathogen adsorption part 31 , and the outer end of the fixing cylinder is opened so that the pathogen adsorption part 31 can pass through and then drop into the sample collection tube 2000 .
  • the fixing cylinder is detachably arranged on the breathing valve 2 or the base 4 .
  • the fixing cylinder is detachably arranged on the breathing valve 2 or the base 4 .
  • the fixing cylinder is clamped and fixed with the breathing valve 2 or the base 4 .
  • the fixed cylinder is clamped and fixed on the breathing valve 2 or the base 4 , and when sampling, the fixed cylinder is removed from the breathing valve 2 or the base 4 .
  • a pulling part 323 is provided on the fixing cylinder.
  • the purpose of the pulling part 323 is to give the collector a part that can be operated by hand. There is a certain distance between the pulling part 323 and the pathogen adsorption part 31, on the one hand, it can prevent the collector from being infected, and on the other hand, it can prevent the sample from being caught by hands. Presence of viral contamination.
  • the fixing cylinder includes: a fixing cylinder body and a bottom wall part disposed at the outer end of the fixing cylinder body, the bottom wall part is provided with a third through hole, and the bottom wall part is configured to be disengaged under the action of an external force Fix the barrel body.
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 is installed on the bottom wall, and the sample collection tube 2000 can be placed at the lower end of the bottom wall. Under the action of external force, the bottom wall and the original body adsorption part pass through the third through hole and fall into the sample collection Inside the tube 2000, the sampling is completed.
  • the specific process can be as follows: after the bottom wall with the pathogen adsorption part 31 is taken out from the mask body 1, it is separated from the fixed cylinder body. When the sample is transferred to the sample collection tube 2000, the fixed cylinder body is in contact with the sample collection tube 2000. The cotton swab poked the bottom wall with the pathogen adsorption part 31, so that the bottom wall with the pathogen adsorption part 31 was separated from the fixed cylinder body, and the pathogen adsorption part 31 fell into the sample collection tube 2000 with the sample preservation solution 2004 , to complete the sampling.
  • the bottom wall portion is detachably provided on the fixing cylinder body.
  • the bottom wall portion is clamped and fixed with the fixing cylinder body.
  • the bottom wall is snap-fastened and fixed on the fixed cylinder body, and when sampling, the bottom wall is detached from the fixed cylinder body.
  • an exhaust passage is provided in the breathing valve 2, and at least part of the sampling structure is arranged in the exhaust passage.
  • the sampling structure in the exhaust channel can collect the virus in the exhaled breath of the wearer.
  • the inner end of the fixing frame 32 is provided with a pathogen adsorption part 31
  • the outer end of the fixing frame 32 is connected with the breathing valve 2
  • at least part of the fixing frame 32 is suitable for being inserted into the sample collection tube 2000 and suitable for Broken under the action of external force.
  • a pathogen adsorption part 31 is installed on the inner end of the fixing frame 32 . After the fixing frame 32 is broken off by an external force, the pathogen adsorption part 31 is detached from the fixing frame 32 and falls freely.
  • the fixing frame 32 is provided with a strength weakening area so as to be broken under the action of an external force.
  • the structure type of the strength weakening area is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs. , that is, the strength weakening area, the stress in the strength weakening area is concentrated when the force is applied, thereby reducing the difficulty of breaking; the strength weakening area can be configured as a smaller cross-sectional area on the fixing frame 32, or can be configured as a material that is easy to break. area, which is conducive to fracture under the action of external force.
  • the fixing frame 32 is configured as a cylindrical structure, and the outer diameter of the fixing frame 32 is smaller than the inner diameter of the sample collection tube 2000 . In this way, the fixing frame 32 can be extended into the sample collection tube 2000, and an external force can be applied to break the fixing frame 32, which is beneficial to the collection of the sample.
  • the specific operation is as follows: when the sample is transferred to the sample collection tube 2000, after the fixing frame 32 and the pathogen adsorption part 31 are taken out from the mask body 1, the fixing frame 32 and one end of the pathogen adsorption part 31 are inserted into the sample collection tube 2000, and fixed.
  • the frame 32 partially abuts on the wall of the sample collection tube 2000 and external force is applied to break the fixing frame 32, the pathogen adsorption part 31 falls into the sample collection tube 2000 with the sample preservation solution 2004, and the sampling is completed.
  • the inner end of the fixing frame 32 is provided with a pathogen adsorption part 31
  • the outer end of the fixing frame 32 is connected with the breathing valve 2
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 is suitable for being cut by the cutting part 2003 on the sample collection tube 2000 to disengage from the fixing frame 32 .
  • the sample collection tube 2000 is placed under the pathogen adsorption part 31, and after the fixing frame 32 and the pathogen adsorption part 31 are removed from the mask body 1, the cutting part 2003 on the sample collection tube 2000 can be The pathogen adsorption part 31 is cut off, and the pathogen adsorption part 31 directly falls into the sample collection tube 2000 below to complete the sampling.
  • the sampling structure further includes: a limiting member 33 , a mounting foot 34 and a force-bearing rod 35 .
  • the limiting member 33 is provided on the valve body; there are multiple mounting feet 34 and the inner ends of the multiple mounting feet 34 are all connected to the outer periphery of the pathogen adsorption portion 31 ; the outer end of the force-bearing rod 35 is configured to receive force The inner end of the force-receiving rod 35 can selectively exert force toward the mounting feet 34 or the pathogen adsorption part 31 to deform the pathogen adsorption part 31 .
  • each mounting leg 34 is hinged with the limiting member 33 , and the force receiving rod 35 is adapted to push against the pathogen adsorption portion 31 to deform the pathogen adsorption portion 31 .
  • the force-receiving rod 35 exerts force on the pathogen adsorption part 31 , and the pathogen adsorption part 31 protrudes inwardly and deforms, and then the deformed
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 of 1 is put into the sample collection tube 2000 with the sample preservation solution 2004, and the sampling is completed.
  • each mounting foot 34 is connected with the inner end of the force-bearing rod 35, and the force-bearing rod 35 is adapted to pull the outer end of each mounting foot 34 to make each mounting foot 34 in the limit
  • the positioning member 33 is pushed and folded, and the pathogen adsorption portion 31 is deformed.
  • the limiting member 33 is configured as an annular limiting ring. There is a gap between the limiting rings, which can limit the outward movement of the mounting feet 34 and can also play the role of closing the mounting feet 34 .
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 is connected to the fixing frame 32 through a water-soluble material layer.
  • the pathogen adsorption part 31 and the fixing frame 32 can be sealed in the sample preservation solution 2004. Since the sample preservation solution 2004 is mostly a water-based preservation solution, the pathogen adsorption part 31 can be dissolved in water by shaking the sample collection tube 2000. The material layer is dissolved in the sample preservation solution 2004, so that the pathogen adsorption part 31 is separated from the fixing frame 32, which further simplifies the sampling operation and significantly shortens the sampling time.
  • the sample collection tube 2000 includes: a collection tube body 2001 and a cover body 2002 .
  • the collection tube body 2001 has an open mouth and a sample collection liquid is set inside; the cover body 2002 is detachably arranged on the collection tube body 2001 to close or open the open mouth; The cutting part 2003 cut by the pathogen adsorption part 31 .
  • the valve shell 21 Since there is a threaded structure on the valve shell 21, it can be directly matched with the threaded structure on the collection tube body 2001. Instead of the cover body 2002, the open opening on the collection tube body 2001 is closed, and the pathogen adsorption part 31 on the valve shell 21 can be sampled.
  • the cutting part 2003 in the body of the collection tube 2000 is cut to separate the pathogen adsorption part 31 from the valve housing 21; there is no need to contact the pathogen adsorption part 31 too much, which reduces the risk of infection of the collector.
  • the cutting portion 2003 is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the collection tube body 2001 .
  • the cover body 2002 is partially inserted into the collection tube body 2001 to seal the collection tube body 2001 . Therefore, the cutting portion 2003 is arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the collection tube body 2001 to facilitate the separation of the pathogen adsorption portion 31 on the valve shell 21 . .
  • the cutting portion 2003 is provided adjacent to the open opening.
  • the bottom of the collection tube body 2001 stores the sample preservation solution 2004.
  • the cutting part 2003 is set close to the opening and away from the sample preservation solution 2004. After cutting, only the pathogen adsorption part 31 falls into the sample In the preservation solution 2004, it is beneficial to the accuracy of the sample results.
  • the cutting portions 2003 are multiple, and the multiple cutting portions 2003 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the collection tube body 2001 .
  • the plurality of cutting parts 2003 are helpful for separating the pathogen adsorption parts 31 on the valve housing 21 .
  • the pathogen collection device includes: a sample collection tube 2000 and the above-mentioned mask 1000 .
  • the sample collection tube 2000 is provided with a sample preservation solution 2004 ; the pathogen adsorption part 31 on the mask 1000 is suitable for entering the sample collection tube 2000 to contact the sample preservation solution 2004 in the sample collection tube 2000 .

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Abstract

一种口罩（1000）、样本采集管（2000）以及病原体采集装置，口罩（1000）包括：口罩体（1）；呼吸阀（2），呼吸阀（2）固定在口罩体（1）上；采样结构，采样结构包括：病原体吸附部（31），病原体吸附部（31）设置在呼吸阀（2）的内侧且适于吸附呼出气体中的病原体；其中病原体吸附部（31）适于进入样本采集管（2000）中以与样本采集管（2000）内的样本保存液（2004）接触。口罩（1000）通过在呼吸阀（2）内设置病原体吸附部（31），可以在保证佩戴者舒适地完成佩戴者呼出病原体的采集，避免了佩戴者在采样过程中出现各种不适的情况，有效规避采样者在采样过程中被感染的风险几率以及样品的污染风险，可以实现多人同时采样，大大提高了采样效率。

Description

口罩、样本采集管以及病原体采集装置 技术领域
本申请涉及医疗用品技术领域，尤其是涉及一种口罩、样本采集管以及病原体采集装置。
背景技术
新型冠状肺炎(COVID-19)主要通过飞沫、近距离接触以及飞沫等形成的气溶胶进行传播，通过收集患者呼出的病毒来进行相关检测，例如核酸检测、抗体检测等。目前主要通过咽拭子和鼻拭子采集样本，这样的采集方式不但被采样者会带来不适，采样者也需要对采样手法和流程进行培训，采样者还需要专门防护以避免感染，整体看来，这样的采集方式操作风险性高、采样成本高、效率低。
申请内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。
为此，本申请的第一个目的在于提出一种口罩，可以在保证佩戴者舒适感的同时完成可能含有病毒的气溶胶颗粒的采集工作，有效避免采集者在采样过程中被感染的风险；
本申请的第二个目的在于提出一种样本采集管，可以取出上述口罩内的病原体吸附部；
本申请的第三个目的在于提出一种病原体采集装置，可以收集上述口罩内的病原体吸附部，待做下一步检测化验。
为了达到上述目的，本申请第一方面提供了一种口罩，包括：口罩体；呼吸阀，所述呼吸阀固定在口罩体上；采样结构，所述采样结构包括：病原体吸附部，所述病原体吸附部设置在所述呼吸阀的内侧且适于吸附呼出气体中的病原体；其中所述病原体吸附部适于进入样本采集管中以与所述样本采集管内的样本保存液接触。
本申请的口罩，通过在呼吸阀内设置病原体吸附部，可以在保证佩戴者舒适的同时完成佩戴者呼出气溶胶颗粒的采集，避免了佩戴者在采样过程中出现各种不适的情况， 有效规避采样者在采样过程中被感染的风险几率以及样品的污染风险，可以实现多人同时采样，大大提高了采样效率。
进一步地，所述呼吸阀为单向阀，所述呼吸阀被构造为在佩戴者呼气时导通且在佩戴者吸气时封闭。
进一步地，所述呼吸阀包括：阀壳，所述阀壳上设置有排气孔；阀片，所述阀片设置在所述阀壳上且构造为在佩戴者呼气时打开所述排气孔、在所述佩戴者吸气时关闭所述排气孔。
进一步地，所述病原体吸附部设置在所述排气孔的内侧。
进一步地，所述阀片的一端设置在所述阀壳上，所述阀片的另一端可选择地压紧在所述阀壳上以打开或关闭所述排气孔。
进一步地，所述排气孔为多个且多个所述排气孔沿所述阀壳的周向间隔设置，所述阀片构造为环形且所述阀片的内端与所述阀壳固定连接，所述阀片的外端可选择地压紧在所述阀壳上以打开或关闭多个所述排气孔。
进一步地，所述阀片上设置有多个微孔，所述微孔构造为在佩戴者呼气时孔径变大并与所述排气孔连通、在佩戴者吸气时孔径变小直至封闭。
进一步地，所述阀壳可拆卸地设置在所述口罩体上。
进一步地，所述阀壳与所述口罩体螺纹配合。
进一步地，所述阀壳与所述病原体吸附部相连。
进一步地，所述呼吸阀还包括：阀盖，所述阀盖设置在所述阀壳的外侧且与所述阀壳限定出了排气空间，所述阀盖上设置有与所述排气空间连通的透气孔。
进一步地，所述阀盖上还设置有可选择地将所述透气孔密闭的挡盖。进一步地，所述阀盖与所述阀壳可拆卸地连接。
进一步地，所述阀盖与所述阀壳螺纹配合。
进一步地，所述阀盖与所述病原体吸附部相连。
进一步地，所述阀片设置在所述排气空间内，所述阀片的外侧设置有过滤层。
进一步地，所述过滤层具有蓬松状态和压紧状态，所述过滤层在蓬松状态时适于过滤从透气孔进入的空气且在压紧状态时具有不透气、且不透水的性能。
进一步地，还包括：收紧装置，所述收紧装置与所述过滤层相连以适于在收紧时将所述过滤层压紧并密闭所述透气孔。
进一步地，所述过滤层外还设置有防水片，所述防水片可选择地压紧在所述阀盖上以密闭所述透气孔。
进一步地，所述呼吸阀可拆卸地安装在所述口罩体上。
进一步地，所述呼吸阀可选择地安装在所述样本采集管上以密封所述样本采集管的进口。
进一步地，所述呼吸阀可选择地与所述口罩体或所述样本采集管螺纹配合。
进一步地，所述口罩体上设置有底座，所述呼吸阀可拆卸地安装在所述底座上。
进一步地，在所述呼吸阀从所述口罩体拆卸后，所述病原体吸附部适于在外力的作用下远离所述呼吸阀以与所述样本保存液接触。
进一步地，在所述呼吸阀从所述口罩体拆卸后，所述病原体吸附部适于在外力的作用下脱离所述呼吸阀以与所述样本保存液接触。
进一步地，所述采样结构还包括：固定架，所述病原体吸附部设置在所述固定架上。
进一步地，所述固定架的内端设置有所述病原体吸附部，所述固定架的外端设置在所述呼吸阀的内部，所述呼吸阀与所述固定架的外端正对的部分构造为弹性区以在受力时形变并推抵所述固定架。
进一步地，所述固定架的内端设置有所述病原体吸附部，所述固定架的外端伸出所述呼吸阀的外侧以形成按压部。
进一步地，所述固定架包括：彼此分离的内固定架和外固定架，所述内固定架与所述呼吸阀相连且适于在外力的作用下与所述呼吸阀脱离，所述内固定架的内端设置有所述病原体吸附部，所述外固定架的外端伸出所述呼吸阀的外侧以形成所述按压部，所述外固定架的内端可选择地与所述内固定架的外端止抵。
进一步地，所述呼吸阀上设置有安装孔，所述内固定架的至少部分穿过所述安装孔且与所述安装孔过盈配合。
进一步地，所述内固定架与所述呼吸阀之间设置有弱连接部，所述弱连接部适于在外力的作用下破裂以使所述内固定架与所述呼吸阀脱离。
进一步地，所述呼吸阀上设置有限位部，在所述外固定架推抵所述内固定架脱离所述呼吸阀后，所述限位部适于限制所述外固定架朝向所述内固定架移动。
进一步地，所述内固定架和所述外固定架均构造为杆状结构，所述限位部包括：设置在所述外固定架上的限位块以及设置在所述呼吸阀上且与所述限位部卡接配合的限位槽，所述限位部的直径大于所述内固定架的直径。
进一步地，所述固定架的内端设置有支撑盘，所述支撑盘上设置有第一过孔，所述病原体吸附部设置在所述支撑盘上且覆盖所述第一过孔。
进一步地，所述固定架的内端设置有支撑筒，所述支撑筒的内端敞开，所述支撑筒 的筒壁上设置有第二过孔，所述病原体吸附部设置在所述支撑筒上且覆盖所述第二过孔。
进一步地，所述底座构造为筒状结构且所述底座的底部设置有进气孔，所述病原体吸附部适于封堵所述进气孔。
进一步地，所述固定架的内端设置在所述呼吸阀或所述底座上，所述固定架的外端设置有所述病原体吸附部。
进一步地，所述固定架构造为固定筒，所述固定筒的外端敞开且所述固定筒的内端设置有第三过孔，所述病原体采集部设置在所述固定筒的内端且覆盖所述第三过孔。
进一步地，所述固定筒可拆卸地设置在所述呼吸阀或所述底座上。
进一步地，所述固定筒与所述呼吸阀或所述底座卡接固定。
进一步地，所述固定筒上设置有提拉部。
进一步地，所述固定筒包括：固定筒本体以及设置在所述固定筒本体的外端的底壁部，所述底壁部上设置有所述第三过孔，所述底壁部构造为在外力的作用下脱离所述固定筒本体。
进一步地，所述底壁部可拆卸地设置在固定筒本体上。
进一步地，所述底壁部与所述固定筒本体卡接固定。
进一步地，所述呼吸阀内设置有排气通道，所述采样结构的至少部分设置在所述排气通道中。
进一步地，所述固定架的内端设置有所述病原体吸附部，所述固定架的外端与所述呼吸阀相连，所述固定架的至少部分适于插入到所述样本采集管中且适于在外力的作用下折断。
进一步地，固定架上设置有强度减弱区以在外力的作用下断裂。
进一步地，所述固定架构造为筒状结构且所述固定架的外径小于所述样本采集管的内径。
进一步地，所述固定架的内端设置有所述病原体吸附部，所述固定架的外端与所述呼吸阀相连，所述病原体吸附部适于被所述样本采集管上的切割部切割以与所述固定架脱离。
进一步地，所述采样结构还包括：限位件，所述限位件设置在所述阀体上；安装支脚，所述安装支脚为多个且多个所述安装支脚的内端均与所述病原体吸附部的外周缘相连；受力杆，所述受力杆的外端构造为受力端，所述受力杆的内端可选择朝向所述安装支脚或所述病原体吸附部施力以使所述病原体吸附部发生形变。
进一步地，每个所述安装支脚的外端与所述限位件铰接，所述受力杆适于推抵所述病原体吸附部以使所述病原体吸附部发生形变。
进一步地，每个所述安装支脚的外端与所述受力杆的内端相连，所述受力杆适于拉动每个所述安装支脚的外端以使每个所述安装支脚在所述限位件的推抵下收拢并使所述病原体吸附部发生形变。
进一步地，所述限位件构造为环形的限位环。
进一步地，所述病原体吸附部通过水溶性材料层与所述固定架相连。
本申请第二方面提供了一种样本采集管，包括：采集管本体，所述采集管本体具有敞开口且内部设置有样本采集液；盖体，所述盖体可拆卸地设置在所述采集管本体上以封闭或打开所述敞开口；其中所述样本采集管本体内设置有适于将病原体采集部切割的切割部。
进一步地，所述切割部设置在所述采集管本体的内周壁上。
进一步地，所述切割部邻近所述敞开口设置。
进一步地，所述切割部为多个且多个所述切割部沿所述采集管本体的周向间隔设置。
本申请第三方面提供了一种病原体采集装置，包括：样本采集管，所述样本采集管内设置有样本保存液；所述的口罩，所述口罩上的所述病原体吸附部适于进入样本采集管中以与所述样本采集管内的样本保存液接触。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本申请一个实施例中口罩的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一个实施例中口罩的剖面图；
图3是本申请一个实施例中口罩的爆炸图；
图4是本申请另一个实施例中口罩的结构示意图；
图5是本申请另一个实施例中口罩的爆炸图；
图6是本申请另一个实施例中固定架与底座的配合图；
图7是本申请一个实施例中取样图一；
图8是本申请一个实施例中取样图二；
图9是本申请另一个实施例中取样图一；
图10是本申请另一个实施例中取样图二；
图11是本申请又一个实施例中取样图一；
图12是本申请又一个实施例中取样图二；
图13是本申请一个实施例中采样结构的内部配合图一；
图14是本申请一个实施例中采样结构的内部配合图二；
图15是本申请另一个实施例中采样结构的内部配合图一；
图16是本申请另一个实施例中采样结构的内部配合图二；
附图标记：
口罩1000，
口罩体1，
呼吸阀2，阀壳21，阀片22，阀盖23，
病原体吸附部31，
固定架32，内固定架321，外固定架322，提拉部323，
限位件33，安装支脚34，受力杆35，
底座4，
样本采集管2000，
采集管本体2001，盖体2002，切割部2003，保存液2004。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
下面参考图1-图16描述根据本申请实施例的口罩1000，包括：口罩体1；呼吸阀2，呼吸阀2固定在口罩体1上；采样结构，采样结构包括：病原体吸附部31，病原体吸附部31设置在呼吸阀2的内侧且适于吸附呼出气体中的病原体；其中病原体吸附部31适于进入样本采集管2000中以与样本采集管2000内的样本保存液2004接触。
目前主要通过咽拭子和鼻拭子采集样本，这样的采集方式不但被采样者会带来不适，采样者也需要对采样手法和流程进行培训，采样者还需要专门防护以避免感染，整体看来，这样的采集方式操作风险性高、采样成本高、效率低。
根据目前采集方式中存在的不足，本申请设想可以利用口罩1000，并在口罩1000 上设置病原体吸附部31来收集病毒，这样可以替代通过咽拭子和鼻拭子采集样本的方式，减少被采样者的不适感。然而，若将病原体吸附部31直接粘附于口罩1000的内表面，一方面会增加口罩体1的厚度，进而增加佩戴时的憋闷感；另一方面需要将病原体吸附部31裁切或折叠为预定尺寸再浸入保存液中保存，不仅操作繁琐，而且在取样及病原体吸附部31转移过程中，由于取样人员与病原体吸附部31接触过多会增加感染风险，同时样品也存在污染风险，可能影响检测结果的准确性。
通过上述考虑，为了在不增加口罩体1厚度的同时增加病原体吸附部31，并且可以方便拆卸病原体吸附部31，本申请在口罩1000上设置呼吸阀2，并将病原体吸附部31置于呼吸阀2内部，这样在取样时，只需将病原体吸附部31拆卸下放入样本采集管2000中，或直接将病原体吸附部31移至样本采集管2000中，采样者不用直接接触病原体吸附部31，降低了采样者操作中的风险性，保证了采样者的安全。
由于本申请可以用口罩1000直接对佩戴者呼出气体中的病毒进行收集，无需采样者采集操作，因此无需对采样手法和流程进行培训，运用本申请的口罩1000可以多名佩戴者同时进行采集，提高样本收集效率的同时节省了人力。
为了保证病原体吸附部31采集的准确性，避免外界空气中的病毒影响样本，本申请将病原体吸附部31设置在呼吸阀2的内侧，也就是贴近佩戴者的一侧，这样在佩戴者呼吸后可以直接对呼出气体中的病原体进行采样，防止外界空气中的病毒影响样本，导致化验结果不准，对医疗器械、医务人员、提供样本本人造成不必要的经济、人力等损失。
根据本申请的口罩1000，通过在呼吸阀2内设置病原体吸附部31，可以在保证佩戴者舒适的同时完成佩戴者呼出气溶胶颗粒的采集，避免了佩戴者在采样过程中出现各种不适的情况，有效规避采样者在采样过程中被感染的风险几率以及样品的污染风险，可以实现多人同时采样，大大提高了采样效率。
根据本申请的一个实施例，呼吸阀2为单向阀，呼吸阀2被构造为在佩戴者呼气时导通且在佩戴者吸气时封闭。
为了保证样本的准确性，防止外界空气中的病毒影响样本，本申请的呼吸阀2为单向阀，在佩戴者呼气时，呼吸阀2导通可以将佩戴者呼出气体中的病毒收集到病原体吸附部31；在佩戴者吸气时封闭，防止空气从呼吸阀2进入病原体吸附部31，破坏样本、影响结果的准确性。
根据本申请的一个实施例，呼吸阀2包括：阀壳21和阀片22。
具体的，阀壳21上设置有排气孔；阀片22设置在阀壳21上且构造为在佩戴者呼气 时打开排气孔、在佩戴者吸气时关闭排气孔。
阀壳21固定在口罩体1上，佩戴者呼出的气体可以通过阀壳21上的排气孔排出，在排气孔的位置上设置有阀片22，用来打开或关闭排气孔，具体体现为：在佩戴者呼气时打开排气孔，在佩戴者吸气时关闭。
根据本申请的一个实施例，病原体吸附部31设置在排气孔的内侧。
需要说明的是，本申请中的“内”可以理解为靠近佩戴者脸部侧的方向，“外”可以理解为远离佩戴者脸部侧的方向；排气孔在佩戴者呼气时打开，在佩戴者吸气时关闭，可以认为的是，病原体吸附部31设置在靠近佩戴者侧只收集佩戴者呼出气体中的病毒，若设置在排气孔的外侧，病原体吸附部31将暴露在空气中，则不能保证样本是否只为佩戴者呼出的病毒。
根据本申请的一个实施例，阀片22的一端设置在阀壳21上，阀片22的另一端可选择地压紧在阀壳21上以打开或关闭排气孔。在佩戴者呼气时阀片22开启，排气孔呈打开状态；在佩戴者吸气时阀片22压紧在壳体上，排气孔呈关闭状态。
根据本申请的一个实施例，排气孔为多个且多个排气孔沿阀壳21的周向间隔设置，阀片22构造为环形且阀片22的内端与阀壳21固定连接，阀片22的外端可选择地压紧在阀壳21上以打开或关闭多个排气孔。阀片22可以为一种实体零件，在佩戴者呼气时阀片22旋出或打开实现开启，在佩戴者吸气时阀片22旋回或压紧在壳体上实现关闭。
根据本申请的一个实施例，阀片22上设置有多个微孔，微孔构造为在佩戴者呼气时孔径变大并与排气孔连通、在佩戴者吸气时孔径变小直至封闭。阀片22可以为一种化学材料，在佩戴者呼气时，阀片22上微孔的孔径变大并与排气孔连通，在佩戴者吸气时阀片22上微孔的孔径变小直至排气孔封闭。
根据本申请的一个实施例，阀壳21可拆卸地设置在口罩体1上。由于病原体吸附部31设置在呼吸阀2的内侧，在收集样本时需要将病原体吸附部31取出再进行化验，阀壳21作为呼吸阀2的一部分可以从口罩体1上拆卸下来，再对病原体吸附部31做下一步处理。
具体的，阀壳21与口罩体1螺纹配合。可以通过旋转将阀壳21与口罩体1分离，再对病原体吸附部31做下一步处理。
根据本申请的一个实施例，阀壳21与病原体吸附部31相连。
根据本申请的一个实施例，呼吸阀2还包括：阀盖23，阀盖23设置在阀壳21的外侧且与阀壳21限定出了排气空间，阀盖23上设置有与排气空间连通的透气孔。佩戴者呼出的气体从排气孔排出，然后通过排气空间最后从透气孔排到外界。
根据本申请的一个实施例，阀盖23上还设置有可选择地将透气孔密闭的挡盖。
在实际采样过程中很难保证外界环境为无菌环境，为了保证检测结果的准确性，期望病原体吸附部31中采集到的病毒均由佩戴者呼出，提高口罩1000对各种检测环境的适用性并提高检测结果准确性的角度考虑，进一步在阀盖23上设置挡盖，可以将透气孔密闭或开启，利用挡盖将排气空间与外界空气隔离，从而有效避免外界空气中可能存在的病毒进入对排气空间，提高最终检测结果的准确性及可靠性。
优选的，挡盖可以构造为旋转式挡盖，挡盖的一端设置在阀盖23上，挡盖的另一端可选择地压紧在挡盖上以打开或关闭透气孔；挡盖还可以为某种材料，通过抽绳拉动使透气孔封闭。
需要注意的是，挡盖形式不仅限于上述举例，只要能达到密封和开启阀盖23上的透气孔的目的，即在本申请的想要保护的范围内。
根据本申请的一个实施例，阀盖23与阀壳21可拆卸地连接。由于病原体吸附部31设置在呼吸阀2的内侧，在收集样本时需要将病原体吸附部31取出再进行化验，阀盖23从阀壳21上拆下后，剩下阀壳21和病原体吸附部31，再对病原体吸附部31进行处理时更方便。
根据本申请的一个实施例，阀盖23与阀壳21螺纹配合。通过旋转阀盖23，将阀盖23与阀壳21分离。
根据本申请的一个实施例，阀盖23与病原体吸附部31相连。
根据本申请的一个实施例，阀片22设置在排气空间内，阀片22的外侧设置有过滤层。
一方面为了保证检测结果的准确性，期望病原体吸附部31中采集到的病毒均由佩戴者呼出，另一方面为了在样本检验过程中防止样本保存液2004从样本采集管2000中漏出污染周边环境，本申请在阀片22的外侧设置了过滤层，也就是在排气空间内设置了过滤层，过滤层具有较好的密封作用和过滤作用，一方面可以避免外界环境中的病毒污染病原体吸附部31，另一方面当将病原体吸附部31置于盛有样本保存液2004的样本采集管2000中后，可以封闭样本采集管2000，避免样本保存液2004溅出或被外界环境污染。
根据本申请的一个实施例，过滤层具有蓬松状态和压紧状态，过滤层在蓬松状态时适于过滤从透气孔进入的空气且在压紧状态时具有不透气、且不透水的性能。
为了确保佩戴者呼吸顺畅，使过滤层兼具较好的透气性和过滤效果，过滤层可以由可压缩的松散材料形成，在采样过程中过滤层为蓬松状态，适于过滤从透气孔进入的空 气，避免外界环境中的病毒污染吸附材料，同时缓解佩戴口罩1000时的憋闷感；在取样时过滤层可压缩为不透水、不透气的密封层，避免样本保存液2004溅出，本申请中的过滤层可实现灵活切换。
根据本申请的一个实施例，口罩1000还包括：收紧装置，收紧装置与过滤层相连以适于在收紧时将过滤层压紧并密闭透气孔。收紧装置可以为提拉细绳，通过细绳提拉将过滤层压紧，形成不透水、不透气的密封层。
根据本申请的一个实施例，过滤层外还设置有防水片，防水片可选择地压紧在阀盖23上以密闭透气孔。防水片可以进一步加强在取样时的防水性，避免样本保存液2004溅出达到密封样本采集管2000的效果。
根据本申请的一个实施例，呼吸阀2可拆卸地安装在口罩体1上。呼吸阀2包括的阀壳21和阀盖23都有螺纹结构，可通过旋转实现连接装配。
根据本申请的一个实施例，呼吸阀2可选择地安装在样本采集管2000上以密封样本采集管2000的进口。
样本采集管2000的进口上设置有螺纹结构，可以与呼吸阀2相匹配，在带有病原体吸附部31的阀壳21或带有病原体吸附部31的阀盖23部分取下后，可以直接放入样本采集管2000内，通过样本采集管2000的进口和阀壳21螺纹配合或与阀盖23螺纹配合实现样本采集管2000的密封。
优选的，呼吸阀2可选择地与口罩体1或样本采集管2000螺纹配合。呼吸阀2与口罩体1螺纹配合时可以实现病毒的采集，呼吸阀2与样本采集管2000螺纹配合时可以实现样本采集管2000的密封。
根据本申请的一个实施例，口罩体1上设置有底座4，呼吸阀2可拆卸地安装在底座4上。底座4起支撑固定作用，与口罩体1相连，能够防止病原体吸附部31从呼吸阀2上脱出。
根据本申请的一个实施例，在呼吸阀2从口罩体1拆卸后，病原体吸附部31适于在外力的作用下远离呼吸阀2以与样本保存液2004接触。
在收集完佩戴者呼出气体中的病毒后，需要将样本进行化验，进而需要将带有病毒的病原体吸附部31取出。其中一种方法中，病原体吸附部31仍然与呼吸阀2连接，但在外力的作用下远离呼吸阀2，使病原体吸附部31可以与样本保存液2004接触。
根据本申请的一个实施例，在呼吸阀2从口罩体1拆卸后，病原体吸附部31适于在外力的作用下脱离呼吸阀2以与样本保存液2004接触。
其中另一种方法中，病原体吸附部31在外力的作用下脱离呼吸阀2，使病原体吸附 部31掉落至样本保存液2004中，与样本保存液2004接触。
根据本申请的一个实施例，采样结构还包括：固定架32，病原体吸附部31设置在固定架32上，用于固定病原体吸附部31。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定架32的内端设置有病原体吸附部31，固定架32的外端设置在呼吸阀2的内部，呼吸阀2与固定架32的外端正对的部分构造为弹性区以在受力时形变并推抵固定架32。
需要注意的是，这里的外端指的是远离佩戴者的一端，内端指的是靠近佩戴者的一端。
固定架32靠近佩戴者的一端上设置有病原体吸附部31，用于收集佩戴者呼出气体中的病毒，固定架32远离佩戴者的一端固定在底座4或呼吸阀2上，固定架32远离佩戴者的一端上有弹性区，在对弹性区进行按压时，固定架32会随之移动。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定架32的内端设置有病原体吸附部31，固定架32的外端伸出呼吸阀2的外侧以形成按压部。如图11-图12所示，固定架32穿过呼吸阀2，固定架32的内端设置有病原体吸附部31，固定架32的外端形成按压部，通过对按压部施力，使带有病原体吸附部31的固定架32向下移动。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定架32包括：彼此分离的内固定架321和外固定架322，内固定架321与呼吸阀2相连且适于在外力的作用下与呼吸阀2脱离，内固定架321的内端设置有病原体吸附部31，外固定架322的外端伸出呼吸阀2的外侧以形成按压部，外固定架322的内端可选择地与内固定架321的外端止抵。
如图1-图3所示，通过对外固定架322施力，外固定架322将力传递到内固定架321上，使带有病原体吸附部31的固定架32向下移动，直至脱离呼吸阀2。由此，可将病原体吸附部31对准样本采集管2000的进口，在病原体吸附部31脱离呼吸阀2后直接落入带有样本保存液2004的样本采集管2000，完成取样。
根据本申请的一个实施例，呼吸阀2上设置有安装孔，内固定架321的至少部分穿过安装孔且与安装孔过盈配合。
内固定架321穿过安装孔的部分与安装孔过盈配合，可以使内固定架321卡在呼吸阀2上，在按压施力后，内固定架321向下移动，这样就破坏了内固定架321与安装孔过盈配合的部分，此时的内固定架321与安装孔间隙配合，内固定架321可以自由向下掉落。
需要注意的是，内固定架321卡在呼吸阀2上可以采用下段部与安装孔卡接，也可以采用中段部与安装孔卡接，内固定架321的外端伸出呼吸阀2的部分足够长，以使在 按压的过程中，过盈配合的部分可以完全脱离安装孔，使内固定架321顺利自由下落。
根据本申请的一个实施例，内固定架321与呼吸阀2之间设置有弱连接部，弱连接部适于在外力的作用下破裂以使内固定架321与呼吸阀2脱离。
如图9-图10所示，采样结构、内固定架321和呼吸阀2一起从口罩体1脱离，内固定架321与呼吸阀2之间设置的弱连接部可以在施力时断裂；样本转移到样本采集管2000时，通过施力使弱连接部断裂以使采样结构与内固定架321和呼吸阀2脱离。由此，可将采样结构对准样本采集管2000的进口，在采样结构脱离内固定架321和呼吸阀2后直接落入带有样本保存液2004的样本采集管2000，完成取样。
根据本申请的一个实施例，呼吸阀2上设置有限位部，在外固定架322推抵内固定架321脱离呼吸阀2后，限位部适于限制外固定架322朝向内固定架321移动。
由于外固定架322暴露在空气里且需要通过手或其他物品进行施力，为了防止外固定架322穿过安装孔与内固定架321一同落入样本采集管2000内污染样本，本申请在呼吸阀2上设置限位部，阻值外固定架322与内固定架321一同落入样本采集管2000内。
根据本申请的一个实施例，内固定架321和外固定架322均构造为杆状结构，限位部包括：设置在外固定架322上的限位块以及设置在呼吸阀2上且与限位部卡接配合的限位槽，限位部的直径大于内固定架321的直径。限位槽和限位块配合，阻止外固定架322通过安装孔，以免随内固定架321一起落入样本采集管2000内。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定架32的内端设置有支撑盘，支撑盘上设置有第一过孔，病原体吸附部31设置在支撑盘上且覆盖第一过孔。
安装病原体吸附部31的位置可以构造为支撑盘的形式，可以在支撑盘上设置多个支脚，病原体吸附部31安装在支撑盘中多个支脚的上表面或下表面，第一过孔可以为两个支脚之间的间隙处，佩戴者呼出气体中的病毒从第一过孔处穿过并附着在病原体吸附部31内。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定架32的内端设置有支撑筒，支撑筒的内端敞开，支撑筒的筒壁上设置有第二过孔，病原体吸附部31设置在支撑筒上且覆盖第二过孔。
安装病原体吸附部31的位置可以构造为支撑筒的形式，支撑筒上的第二过孔可设置在支撑筒的壁面上，病原体吸附部31安装在支撑筒的内壁面上或外壁面上，佩戴者呼出气体中的病毒从第二过孔处穿过并附着在病原体吸附部31内。
需要强调的是，固定架32的内端由支撑盘替换成支撑筒，根据固定架32的不同病原体吸附部31也同样从片状变成圆柱体，当病原体吸附部31构造为圆柱体的形式时接 触表面积更大，形成类似过滤嘴的结构，相比于片状的病原体吸附部31收集病毒的效率更高。
根据本申请的一个实施例，底座4构造为筒状结构且底座4的底部设置有进气孔，病原体吸附部31适于封堵进气孔。进气孔可以让病原体吸附部31自由穿过，病原体吸附部31可以从进气孔掉落到样本采集管2000内。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定架32的内端设置在呼吸阀2或底座4上，固定架32的外端设置有病原体吸附部31。
如图4-图6所示，内端表示靠近佩戴者的一端，外端表示远离佩戴者的一端；实施例中的口罩1000从内向外依次为口罩体1、呼吸阀2或底座4、固定架32、病原体吸附部31。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定架32构造为固定筒，固定筒的外端敞开且固定筒的内端设置有第三过孔，病原体吸附部31设置在固定筒的内端且覆盖第三过孔。佩戴者呼出气体中的病毒从第三过孔处穿过并附着在病原体吸附部31内，固定筒的外端敞开目的是可以使病原体吸附部31穿过后掉落到样本采集管2000内。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定筒可拆卸地设置在呼吸阀2或底座4上。在对样本进行取样时，需要先将固定筒从呼吸阀2或底座4上拆卸下来，方便下一步取样操作。
优选的，固定筒与呼吸阀2或底座4卡接固定。在收集样本时，固定筒卡接固定在呼吸阀2或底座4上，在取样时，固定筒从呼吸阀2或底座4上拆下。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定筒上设置有提拉部323。提拉部323的目的是给予采集者一个可以手持操作的部位，提拉部323与病原体吸附部31存在一定距离，一方面可以防止采集者被感染的风险，另一方面防止样本被手上可能存在的病毒污染。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定筒包括：固定筒本体以及设置在固定筒本体的外端的底壁部，底壁部上设置有第三过孔，底壁部构造为在外力的作用下脱离固定筒本体。底壁部上安装病原体吸附部31，样本采集管2000可以放置在底壁部的下端，在外力的作用下，底壁部与原体吸附部一起从第三过孔穿过并落入样本采集管2000内，完成取样。
具体过程可以为：带有病原体吸附部31的底壁部从口罩体1取出后，再与固定筒本体脱离，在样本转移到样本采集管2000时，固定筒本体与样本采集管2000接触，通过棉签施力戳带有病原体吸附部31的底壁部，使带有病原体吸附部31的底壁部与固定筒本体脱离，病原体吸附部31落入带有样本保存液2004的样本采集管2000内，完成取样。
根据本申请的一个实施例，底壁部可拆卸地设置在固定筒本体上。优选的，底壁部与固定筒本体卡接固定。在收集样本时，底壁部卡接固定在固定筒本体上，在取样时，底壁部从固定筒本体上拆下。
根据本申请的一个实施例，呼吸阀2内设置有排气通道，采样结构的至少部分设置在排气通道中。采样结构在排气通道中可以对佩戴者呼出气体中的病毒进行采集。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定架32的内端设置有病原体吸附部31，固定架32的外端与呼吸阀2相连，固定架32的至少部分适于插入到样本采集管2000中且适于在外力的作用下折断。
如图8-图9所示，固定架32的内端安装有病原体吸附部31，固定架32在外力的作用下折断后病原体吸附部31从固定架32脱离自由掉落。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定架32上设置有强度减弱区以在外力的作用下断裂。
需要注意的是，强度减弱区的结构类型并不受特别限制，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择，例如，为方便固定架32的破裂，可以在固定架32上形成有可折断刻痕，即为强度减弱区，在施力时强度减弱区的应力集中，从而降低折断难度；强度减弱区可以构造为固定架32上较小的横截面的区域，也可以构造为易于断裂的材料的区域，利于在外力的作用下断裂。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定架32构造为筒状结构且固定架32的外径小于样本采集管2000的内径。这样可以将固定架32伸入到样本采集管2000内，并施加外力，使固定架32断裂，利于样本的收集。
具体操作为：在样本转移到样本采集管2000时，固定架32连同病原体吸附部31从口罩体1取出后，将固定架32连同病原体吸附部31的一端伸入到样本采集管2000内，固定架32部分抵在样本采集管2000壁上并施加外力使固定架32断裂，病原体吸附部31落入带有样本保存液2004的样本采集管2000中，取样完成。
根据本申请的一个实施例，固定架32的内端设置有病原体吸附部31，固定架32的外端与呼吸阀2相连，病原体吸附部31适于被样本采集管2000上的切割部2003切割以与固定架32脱离。
在取样时，病原体吸附部31的下方放置样本采集管2000，将固定架32和病原体吸附部31从口罩体1上取下后，样本采集管2000上的切割部2003可以将固定架32上的病原体吸附部31切割下来，病原体吸附部31直接掉入下方的样本采集管2000内，完成取样。
根据本申请的一个实施例，采样结构还包括：限位件33、安装支脚34和受力杆35。
具体的，限位件33设置在阀体上；安装支脚34为多个且多个安装支脚34的内端均与病原体吸附部31的外周缘相连；受力杆35的外端构造为受力端，受力杆35的内端可选择朝向安装支脚34或病原体吸附部31施力以使病原体吸附部31发生形变。
根据本申请的一个实施例，每个安装支脚34的外端与限位件33铰接，受力杆35适于推抵病原体吸附部31以使病原体吸附部31发生形变。
如图13-图14所示，在取样时，通过向内推动受力杆35，受力杆35向病原体吸附部31施力，病原体吸附部31向内凸起发生形变，然后将发生形变后的病原体吸附部31放入带有样本保存液2004的样本采集管2000中，取样完成。
根据本申请的一个实施例，每个安装支脚34的外端与受力杆35的内端相连，受力杆35适于拉动每个安装支脚34的外端以使每个安装支脚34在限位件33的推抵下收拢并使病原体吸附部31发生形变。
如图15-图16所示，在取样时，通过向外拉动受力杆35，安装支脚34的外端跟随受力杆35一起向外，限位件33限制安装支脚34向外移动的距离，由于限位件33之间有间隙，安装支脚34的部分穿过后在限位件33的推抵下收拢，病原体吸附部31向内凸起发生形变，然后将发生形变后的病原体吸附部31放入带有样本保存液2004的样本采集管2000中，取样完成。
根据本申请的一个实施例，限位件33构造为环形的限位环。限位环之间有间隙，可以限制安装支脚34向外移动，同时可以起到收拢安装支脚34的作用。
根据本申请的一个实施例，病原体吸附部31通过水溶性材料层与固定架32相连。
在取样时，可以将病原体吸附部31与固定架32一起密封于样本保存液2004中，由于样本保存液2004多为水基保存液，通过晃动样本采集管2000就可以使病原体吸附部31的水溶性材料层溶解于样本保存液2004中，实现病原体吸附部31与固定架32分离，进一步简化取样操作并显著的缩短取样时间。
根据本申请实施例中的样本采集管2000，包括：采集管本体2001和盖体2002。
具体的，采集管本体2001具有敞开口且内部设置有样本采集液；盖体2002可拆卸地设置在采集管本体2001上以封闭或打开敞开口；其中样本采集管2000本体内设置有适于将病原体吸附部31切割的切割部2003。
由于阀壳21上有螺纹结构，可以直接与采集管本体2001上的螺纹结构进行配合，替代盖体2002将采集管本体2001上的敞开口封闭，阀壳21上的病原体吸附部31可以被样本采集管2000本体内的切割部2003切割，使病原体吸附部31与阀壳21分离；不需要过多接触病原体吸附部31，降低了采集者被感染的风险。
根据本申请的一个实施例，切割部2003设置在采集管本体2001的内周壁上。一般情况下，盖体2002部分塞入采集管本体2001内，实现采集管本体2001的密封，因此将切割部2003设置在采集管本体2001的内周壁，便于分离阀壳21上的病原体吸附部31。
根据本申请的一个实施例，切割部2003邻近敞开口设置。采集管本体2001的底部存放样本保存液2004，为了不污染样本保存液2004保证结果的准确性，将切割部2003邻近敞开口设置远离样本保存液2004，在切割后只有病原体吸附部31落入样本保存液2004内，有利于样本结果的准确性。
根据本申请的一个实施例，切割部2003为多个且多个切割部2003沿采集管本体2001的周向间隔设置。多个切割部2003利于分离阀壳21上的病原体吸附部31。
根据本申请实施例中的病原体采集装置，包括：样本采集管2000和上述的口罩1000。
具体的，样本采集管2000内设置有样本保存液2004；口罩1000上的病原体吸附部31适于进入样本采集管2000中以与样本采集管2000内的样本保存液2004接触。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“内”、“外”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (59)

  1. 一种口罩，其特征在于，包括：
    口罩体；
    呼吸阀，所述呼吸阀固定在口罩体上；
    采样结构，所述采样结构包括：病原体吸附部，所述病原体吸附部设置在所述呼吸阀的内侧且适于吸附呼出气体中的病原体；其中
    所述病原体吸附部适于进入样本采集管中以与所述样本采集管内的样本保存液接触。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述呼吸阀为单向阀，所述呼吸阀被构造为在佩戴者呼气时导通且在佩戴者吸气时封闭。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述呼吸阀包括：
    阀壳，所述阀壳上设置有排气孔；
    阀片，所述阀片设置在所述阀壳上且构造为在佩戴者呼气时打开所述排气孔、在所述佩戴者吸气时关闭所述排气孔。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述病原体吸附部设置在所述排气孔的内侧。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述阀片的一端设置在所述阀壳上，所述阀片的另一端可选择地压紧在所述阀壳上以打开或关闭所述排气孔。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述排气孔为多个且多个所述排气孔沿所述阀壳的周向间隔设置，所述阀片构造为环形且所述阀片的内端与所述阀壳固定连接，所述阀片的外端可选择地压紧在所述阀壳上以打开或关闭多个所述排气孔。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述阀片上设置有多个微孔，所述微孔构造为在佩戴者呼气时孔径变大并与所述排气孔连通、在佩戴者吸气时孔径变小直至封闭。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述阀壳可拆卸地设置在所述口罩体上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述阀壳与所述口罩体螺纹配合。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述阀壳与所述病原体吸附部相连。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述呼吸阀还包括：阀盖，所述阀盖设置在所述阀壳的外侧且与所述阀壳限定出了排气空间，所述阀盖上设置有与所述排气空间连通的透气孔。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述阀盖上还设置有可选择地将所述透气孔密闭的挡盖。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述阀盖与所述阀壳可拆卸地连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述阀盖与所述阀壳螺纹配合。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述阀盖与所述病原体吸附部相连。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述阀片设置在所述排气空间内，所述阀片的外侧设置有过滤层。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述过滤层具有蓬松状态和压紧状态，所述过滤层在蓬松状态时适于过滤从透气孔进入的空气且在压紧状态时具有不透气、且不透水的性能。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的口罩，其特征在于，还包括：收紧装置，所述收紧装置与所述过滤层相连以适于在收紧时将所述过滤层压紧并密闭所述透气孔。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述过滤层外还设置有防水片，所述防水片可选择地压紧在所述阀盖上以密闭所述透气孔。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述呼吸阀可拆卸地安装在所述口罩体上。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述呼吸阀可选择地安装在所述样本采集管上以密封所述样本采集管的进口。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述呼吸阀可选择地与所述口罩体或所述样本采集管螺纹配合。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述口罩体上设置有底座，所述呼吸阀可拆卸地安装在所述底座上。
  24. 根据权利要求20所述的口罩，其特征在于，在所述呼吸阀从所述口罩体拆卸后，所述病原体吸附部适于在外力的作用下远离所述呼吸阀以与所述样本保存液接触。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的口罩，其特征在于，在所述呼吸阀从所述口罩体拆卸后，所述病原体吸附部适于在外力的作用下脱离所述呼吸阀以与所述样本保存液接触。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述采样结构还包括：固定架，所 述病原体吸附部设置在所述固定架上。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定架的内端设置有所述病原体吸附部，所述固定架的外端设置在所述呼吸阀的内部，所述呼吸阀与所述固定架的外端正对的部分构造为弹性区以在受力时形变并推抵所述固定架。
  28. 根据权利要求26所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定架的内端设置有所述病原体吸附部，所述固定架的外端伸出所述呼吸阀的外侧以形成按压部。
  29. 根据权利要求27或28所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定架包括：彼此分离的内固定架和外固定架，所述内固定架与所述呼吸阀相连且适于在外力的作用下与所述呼吸阀脱离，所述内固定架的内端设置有所述病原体吸附部，所述外固定架的外端伸出所述呼吸阀的外侧以形成所述按压部，所述外固定架的内端可选择地与所述内固定架的外端止抵。
  30. 根据权利要求28所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述呼吸阀上设置有安装孔，所述内固定架的至少部分穿过所述安装孔且与所述安装孔过盈配合。
  31. 根据权利要求28所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述内固定架与所述呼吸阀之间设置有弱连接部，所述弱连接部适于在外力的作用下破裂以使所述内固定架与所述呼吸阀脱离。
  32. 根据权利要求29所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述呼吸阀上设置有限位部，在所述外固定架推抵所述内固定架脱离所述呼吸阀后，所述限位部适于限制所述外固定架朝向所述内固定架移动。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述内固定架和所述外固定架均构造为杆状结构，所述限位部包括：设置在所述外固定架上的限位块以及设置在所述呼吸阀上且与所述限位部卡接配合的限位槽，所述限位部的直径大于所述内固定架的直径。
  34. 根据权利要求28所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定架的内端设置有支撑盘，所述支撑盘上设置有第一过孔，所述病原体吸附部设置在所述支撑盘上且覆盖所述第一过孔。
  35. 根据权利要求28所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定架的内端设置有支撑筒，所述支撑筒的内端敞开，所述支撑筒的筒壁上设置有第二过孔，所述病原体吸附部设置在所述支撑筒上且覆盖所述第二过孔。
  36. 根据权利要求28所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述底座构造为筒状结构且所述底座的底部设置有进气孔，所述病原体吸附部适于封堵所述进气孔。
  37. 根据权利要求26所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定架的内端设置在所述呼吸 阀或所述底座上，所述固定架的外端设置有所述病原体吸附部。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定架构造为固定筒，所述固定筒的外端敞开且所述固定筒的内端设置有第三过孔，所述病原体采集部设置在所述固定筒的内端且覆盖所述第三过孔。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定筒可拆卸地设置在所述呼吸阀或所述底座上。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定筒与所述呼吸阀或所述底座卡接固定。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定筒上设置有提拉部。
  42. 根据权利要求39所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定筒包括：固定筒本体以及设置在所述固定筒本体的外端的底壁部，所述底壁部上设置有所述第三过孔，所述底壁部构造为在外力的作用下脱离所述固定筒本体。
  43. 根据权利要求42所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述底壁部可拆卸地设置在固定筒本体上。
  44. 根据权利要求43所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述底壁部与所述固定筒本体卡接固定。
  45. 根据权利要求38所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述呼吸阀内设置有排气通道，所述采样结构的至少部分设置在所述排气通道中。
  46. 根据权利要求26所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定架的内端设置有所述病原体吸附部，所述固定架的外端与所述呼吸阀相连，所述固定架的至少部分适于插入到所述样本采集管中且适于在外力的作用下折断。
  47. 根据权利要求46所述的口罩，其特征在于，固定架上设置有强度减弱区以在外力的作用下断裂。
  48. 根据权利要求46所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定架构造为筒状结构且所述固定架的外径小于所述样本采集管的内径。
  49. 根据权利要求26所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述固定架的内端设置有所述病原体吸附部，所述固定架的外端与所述呼吸阀相连，所述病原体吸附部适于被所述样本采集管上的切割部切割以与所述固定架脱离。
  50. 根据权利要求24所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述采样结构还包括：
    限位件，所述限位件设置在所述阀体上；
    安装支脚，所述安装支脚为多个且多个所述安装支脚的内端均与所述病原体吸附部 的外周缘相连；
    受力杆，所述受力杆的外端构造为受力端，所述受力杆的内端可选择朝向所述安装支脚或所述病原体吸附部施力以使所述病原体吸附部发生形变。
  51. 根据权利要求50所述的口罩，其特征在于，每个所述安装支脚的外端与所述限位件铰接，所述受力杆适于推抵所述病原体吸附部以使所述病原体吸附部发生形变。
  52. 根据权利要求50所述的口罩，其特征在于，每个所述安装支脚的外端与所述受力杆的内端相连，所述受力杆适于拉动每个所述安装支脚的外端以使每个所述安装支脚在所述限位件的推抵下收拢并使所述病原体吸附部发生形变。
  53. 根据权利要求50所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述限位件构造为环形的限位环。
  54. 根据权利要求26所述的口罩，其特征在于，所述病原体吸附部通过水溶性材料层与所述固定架相连。
  55. 一种样本采集管，其特征在于，包括：
    采集管本体，所述采集管本体具有敞开口且内部设置有样本采集液；
    盖体，所述盖体可拆卸地设置在所述采集管本体上以封闭或打开所述敞开口；其中所述样本采集管本体内设置有适于将病原体采集部切割的切割部。
  56. 根据权利要求55所述的样本采集管，其特征在于，所述切割部设置在所述采集管本体的内周壁上。
  57. 根据权利要求56所述的样本采集管，其特征在于，所述切割部邻近所述敞开口设置。
  58. 根据权利要求55所述的样本采集管，其特征在于，所述切割部为多个且多个所述切割部沿所述采集管本体的周向间隔设置。
  59. 一种病原体采集装置，其特征在于，包括：
    样本采集管，所述样本采集管内设置有样本保存液；
    权利要求1-54中任一项所述的口罩，所述口罩上的所述病原体吸附部适于进入样本采集管中以与所述样本采集管内的样本保存液接触。
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