WO2022062814A1 - 振膜及发声装置 - Google Patents

振膜及发声装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022062814A1
WO2022062814A1 PCT/CN2021/114462 CN2021114462W WO2022062814A1 WO 2022062814 A1 WO2022062814 A1 WO 2022062814A1 CN 2021114462 W CN2021114462 W CN 2021114462W WO 2022062814 A1 WO2022062814 A1 WO 2022062814A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
film layer
thermally conductive
elastic
diaphragm
molding
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2021/114462
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周厚强
王海峰
李春
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歌尔股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022062814A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022062814A1/zh

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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of electro-acoustic conversion, and in particular, to a vibrating membrane and a sound producing device having the vibrating membrane.
  • the sound generating device includes a housing, a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system, wherein the vibration system includes a diaphragm and a voice coil.
  • the greater the working power of the sounding device the more obvious the heat generation after the voice coil is energized.
  • the diaphragm in contact with the voice coil cannot quickly dissipate heat due to its poor thermal conductivity, and local overheating and melting will occur. It will cause the diaphragm to fail and not vibrate normally.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a diaphragm, which aims to improve the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation performance of the diaphragm, so as to avoid local overheating of the diaphragm.
  • the present invention proposes a vibrating membrane for a sound-generating device, the sound-generating device comprises a voice coil, the vibrating membrane is used for the combination and fixing of the voice coil, and the vibrating membrane comprises an elastic heat-conducting film layer,
  • the molding material of the elastic heat-conducting film layer includes an elastomer material and a heat-conducting filler.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive filler is greater than or equal to 20W/(m ⁇ K); and/or,
  • the mass of the thermally conductive filler accounts for 0.5% to 50% of the total mass of the molding material of the elastic thermally conductive film layer; Or fibrous, or porous, or columnar.
  • the thermally conductive filler includes at least one of metal materials, metal oxide materials, carbon-based substances, conductive polymer materials, metal nitrides, carbides and mineral whiskers.
  • the metal material includes at least one of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, magnesium, iron, and nickel; and/or,
  • the metal oxide material includes at least one of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, and nickel oxide; and/or,
  • the carbon-based substances include at least one of graphite, carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and diamond; and/or,
  • the conductive polymer material includes at least one of polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, and polyacetylene; and/or,
  • the metal nitride includes at least one of aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, boron nitride, and titanium nitride; and/or,
  • the carbide comprises silicon carbide; and/or,
  • the mineral whiskers include at least one of calcium sulfate whiskers, magnesium sulfate whiskers, potassium titanate whiskers, calcium carbonate whiskers, barium titanate whiskers, and boric acid whiskers.
  • the elastomeric material includes at least one of thermoplastic elastomeric material and thermosetting elastomeric material.
  • the thermoplastic elastomer material includes polyester thermoplastic elastomer, polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polystyrene thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide thermoplastic elastomer, polyvinyl chloride thermoplastic elastomer, organic At least one of silicon thermoplastic elastomer and diene thermoplastic elastomer, or, the thermoplastic elastomer material is a dynamic vulcanization thermoplastic elastomer material; and/or,
  • the thermosetting elastomer material includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, acrylate rubber, butyl rubber, silicone rubber, polysulfide rubber, and styrene-butadiene rubber.
  • the molding material of the elastic thermally conductive film layer further includes a coupling agent or a surfactant.
  • the mass of the coupling agent or the surfactant accounts for 0.5% to 5% of the total mass of the molding material of the elastic thermally conductive film layer.
  • the elastic heat-conducting film layer is made of a molding material through primary molding and secondary molding, and the primary molding is tape casting, calendering or coating molding, and the secondary molding includes compression molding or air pressure molding. .
  • the vibrating film is a single-layer film, and the single-layer film is the elastic thermally conductive film layer; or,
  • the vibrating membrane is a multi-layer composite membrane, and the vibrating membrane further includes an auxiliary membrane layer, the auxiliary membrane layer and the elastic thermally conductive membrane layer are stacked and arranged, and the auxiliary membrane layer includes an engineering plastic layer and/or an elastic membrane layer and/or film layer.
  • the material of the engineering plastic layer includes polyamide, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, At least one of polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyphenylene ester, polyaryletherketone, polyetheretherketone; and/or,
  • the elastic membrane layer is formed of an elastomeric material
  • the adhesive film layer is an acrylic adhesive film layer or a silicone adhesive film layer.
  • the room temperature thermal conductivity of the diaphragm is 0.5-50 W/(m ⁇ K); and/or,
  • the normal temperature storage modulus of the diaphragm is 2-400 mpa, and the 100% constant elongation modulus is 0.5-50 mpa.
  • the present invention also provides a sounding device, comprising:
  • the diaphragm is combined with the voice coil.
  • the vibrating film includes an elastic thermally conductive film layer
  • the molding material of the elastic thermally conductive film layer includes an elastomer material and a thermally conductive filler.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to form an elastic thermally conductive film layer by adding a thermally conductive filler to the elastomer material, which can significantly improve the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation performance of the vibrating membrane, and is conducive to dispersing the heat of the voice coil to the entire vibrating membrane or the air, thereby avoiding
  • the diaphragm is partially overheated and melted, which improves the temperature resistance of the diaphragm, and at the same time ensures that the diaphragm has good resilience performance.
  • Figure 1 shows the effect of the amount of thermally conductive filler added on the thermal conductivity and tensile strength of the elastomer
  • Figure 2 shows the effect of thermal conductivity modifier on elastomer hardness and elongation at break
  • Figure 3 shows the frequency response curves of the elastic thermal conductive diaphragm and the common diaphragm.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a vibrating membrane for a sound-generating device, the sound-generating device includes a voice coil, and the vibrating membrane is used for combining and fixing the voice coil. It can be understood that since the voice coil will generate heat after being energized, and the diaphragm will also be heated due to contact with the voice coil, the existing diaphragm has poor thermal conductivity, cannot quickly dissipate heat, and is prone to local overheating and melting. Therefore, the technical solution of the present invention aims to improve the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation performance of the diaphragm, so as to avoid local overheating of the diaphragm.
  • the vibrating film includes an elastic thermally conductive film layer
  • the molding material of the elastic thermally conductive film layer includes an elastomer material and a thermally conductive filler.
  • the elastomer material is a kind of material with high elasticity, high resilience and high strength, and has good anti-fatigue characteristics, which is very suitable for making diaphragms.
  • the thermal conductivity of the elastomer material is poor. As shown in Table 1, the thermal conductivity of the unmodified elastomer material is 0.05-0.35W/(m ⁇ K), and the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation performance are poor, which is easy to cause local overheating. .
  • the technical solution of this embodiment increases the thermal conductivity of the entire elastomer by adding thermally conductive fillers to the elastomer material.
  • the thermally conductive filler is dispersed into the elastomer material, which can form a thermally conductive channel, so that the heat can spread quickly and uniformly in the entire film layer, so as to avoid local overheating of the elastomer.
  • the melting point of the thermally conductive filler is much higher than the melting point of the elastomer material.
  • the thermally conductive filler is always completely solid rather than molten.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to form an elastic thermally conductive film layer by adding a thermally conductive filler to the elastomer material, which can significantly improve the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation performance of the vibrating membrane, and is conducive to dispersing the heat of the voice coil to the entire vibrating membrane or the air, thereby avoiding
  • the diaphragm is partially overheated and melted, which improves the temperature resistance of the diaphragm, and at the same time ensures that the diaphragm has good resilience performance.
  • the elastomer material includes at least one of thermoplastic elastomer material and thermosetting elastomer material.
  • thermoplastic elastomers have the characteristics of excellent processability, no vulcanization, and reusability.
  • Thermosetting elastomers have the characteristics of high elasticity, good resilience, and excellent temperature resistance.
  • thermoplastic elastomer materials include polyester thermoplastic elastomers, polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomers, polystyrene thermoplastic elastomers, polyamide thermoplastic elastomers, polyvinyl chloride thermoplastic elastomers, and silicone thermoplastic elastomers At least one of a thermoplastic elastomer and a diene thermoplastic elastomer; or, the thermoplastic elastomer material is a dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer material. Compared with ordinary thermoplastic elastomers, dynamic vulcanization thermoplastic elastomer materials have the characteristics of small specific gravity, good heat resistance, and good processing performance.
  • the dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer materials include ethylene-propylene rubber and polypropylene-based dynamically vulcanized elastomeric materials, ethylene-propylene rubber and polyethylene-based dynamically vulcanized elastomeric materials, and natural rubber and polypropylene-based dynamically vulcanized elastomeric materials at least one of them.
  • the thermosetting elastomer material includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, acrylate rubber, butyl rubber, silicone rubber, polysulfide rubber, and styrene-butadiene rubber.
  • the thermally conductive filler includes at least one of metal materials, metal oxide materials, carbon-based substances, conductive polymer materials, metal nitrides, carbides and mineral whiskers.
  • the metal material includes at least one of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, magnesium, iron, and nickel; and/or, the metal oxide material includes aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, At least one of nickel oxide; and/or, the carbon material includes at least one of graphite, carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fiber, and diamond; and/or, the conductive polymer material includes At least one of polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, and polyacetylene; and/or, the metal nitride includes at least one of aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, boron nitride, and titanium nitride; and/or,
  • the carbide includes silicon carbide; and/or, the mineral whiskers include calcium sulfate whiskers, magnesium sulfate whiskers, potassium titanate whiskers, calcium carbonate whiskers, barium titanate whiskers, and boric acid whiskers. at least one.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive filler is greater than or equal to 20W/(m ⁇ K). It can be understood that under the condition that the addition amount of the thermally conductive filler is the same, the higher the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive filler is, the more favorable it is to improve the thermal conductivity of the elastic thermally conductive film layer.
  • the percentage of the mass of the thermally conductive filler to the total mass of the molding material of the elastic thermally conductive film layer is 0.5% to 50%. It can be seen from Figure 1 that with the increase of the amount of thermally conductive filler added, the thermal conductivity of the elastomer increases, and the tensile strength of the elastomer increases. It can be seen from Figure 2 that with the increase of the amount of thermally conductive filler added, the hardness of the elastomer increases, but the elongation at break decreases.
  • the thermal conductivity of the elastomer will increase little, resulting in poor thermal conductivity of the diaphragm, and there is no significant improvement in the reliability verification of the diaphragm; if the mass fraction of the thermally conductive filler is greater than 50%, the The hardness increases (modulus is positively correlated with hardness, so the modulus will also increase), and the elongation at break decreases, which is easy to cause local defects of the diaphragm, and is easy to concentrate stress during reliability verification, resulting in membrane rupture failure.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment reasonably controls the addition amount of the thermally conductive filler to ensure that the thermal conductivity of the elastic thermally conductive film layer is significantly improved, and at the same time avoids the situation that local defects are prone to occur due to the significantly reduced elongation at break.
  • the particle shape of the thermally conductive filler is spherical, or quasi-spherical, or flaky, or fibrous, or porous, or columnar, or random.
  • the sheet-like and fibrous thermally conductive fillers are better than the spherical and quasi-spherical thermally conductive fillers. This is because, compared with spherical and quasi-spherical thermally conductive fillers, sheet-like and fibrous thermally conductive fillers are more likely to form heat conduction channels and improve the thermal conductivity of the elastic thermally conductive film.
  • the molding material of the elastic thermally conductive film layer further includes a coupling agent or a surfactant.
  • a coupling agent or a surfactant is added to the molding material to improve the compatibility of the thermally conductive filler and the elastomer material, so that the thermally conductive filler and the elastomer material can be mixed more uniformly, which is beneficial to Improve the thermal conductivity of the elastic thermal conductive film layer.
  • the coupling agent includes at least one of a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, an aluminate coupling agent, a zirconium coupling agent, and an organic chromium coupling agent.
  • the surfactant includes at least one of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants.
  • the percentage of the mass of the coupling agent or the surfactant to the total mass of the molding material of the elastic thermally conductive film layer is 0.5% to 5%. It can be understood that, in the molding material of the elastic thermally conductive film layer, the addition amount of the coupling agent or the surfactant should not be too small nor too much. If the amount of coupling agent or surfactant added is too small, the improvement of the compatibility between the thermally conductive filler and the elastomer material is not obvious, and the thermally conductive filler and the elastomeric material are not easily mixed uniformly; If the added amount is too high, the thermal conductivity of the elastic thermal conductive film layer will be affected due to the low thermal conductivity of the coupling agent or surfactant.
  • the elastic thermally conductive film layer is made of a molding material through primary molding and secondary molding
  • the primary molding is tape casting, molding or coating molding
  • the secondary molding includes compression molding or air pressure molding.
  • the tape casting process is to first plasticize and melt the raw material through an extruder, and then extrude it through a T-shaped structure forming die, and cast it in a sheet shape to the roller surface of a smoothly rotating cooling roller, and the film is on the cooling roller. It is formed by cooling and cooling; calendering specifically relies on the strong shearing force between the rollers and the corresponding processing temperature, so that the high-elastic material is subjected to extrusion and extension for many times, and finally it has a width and thickness.
  • a processing method of thin sheet products; and coating molding refers to coating the solution-state raw materials on paper, cloth, and plastic films by a doctor blade, wherein the solution-state raw materials are composed of elastomer materials and thermally conductive fillers (thermally conductive fillers are high Molecular materials) are formed by dissolving in organic solvents.
  • Compression molding refers to the operation of placing the film-shaped elastic thermally conductive film layer that has been initially formed into the mold cavity, and then closing the mold and pressurizing it for secondary molding and shaping.
  • Air pressure forming is to place the film-shaped elastic thermal conductive film layer that has been initially formed between the heater and the mold, so that the elastic thermal conductive film layer is softened by heat, and the elastic thermal conductive film layer is formed by vacuum or compressed air to generate a pressure difference on both sides of the elastic thermal conductive film layer.
  • the vibrating membrane includes a fixing portion, a ring portion integrally provided with the fixing portion, and a central portion located in the ring portion. Therefore, the elastic heat-conducting film layer also needs to be formed into a specific shape.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment makes the elastomer material and the thermally conductive filler mixed and formed into a film shape by tape casting, calendering or coating molding, and then a specific shape elastic thermally conductive film layer is formed by compression molding or air pressure molding.
  • the elastomer material is a thermoplastic elastomer material
  • the primary molding adopts tape casting
  • the elastomer material is a thermosetting elastomer material
  • the primary molding adopts calendering molding or coating molding.
  • the vibrating film is a single-layer film
  • the single-layer film is the elastic thermally conductive film layer.
  • the vibrating film is a multi-layer composite film, and the vibrating film further includes an auxiliary film layer, the auxiliary film layer and the elastic heat-conducting film layer are stacked and arranged, and the auxiliary film layer includes an engineering plastic layer and/or an elastic film layer and / or film layer.
  • the engineering plastic layer refers to an engineering plastic layer formed of engineering plastics.
  • the material of the engineering plastic layer includes polyamide, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, polyimide , at least one of polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyphenylene ester, polyaryletherketone, and polyetheretherketone.
  • the elastic film layer is formed of a common elastomer material without the addition of thermally conductive fillers.
  • the adhesive film layer is an acrylic adhesive film layer or a silicone adhesive film layer or the like.
  • the elastic heat-conducting film layer and the engineering plastic layer and/or the elastic film layer and/or the adhesive film layer can be composited into a multi-layer composite film by rolling.
  • the vibrating membrane can be a double-layer composite membrane, that is, a composite layer of an elastic thermally conductive film and an engineering plastic layer; or, the vibrating membrane can be a three-layer composite membrane, that is, a layer of an elastic thermally conductive membrane, an engineering plastic layer, and an adhesive film layer.
  • the adhesive film layer is placed between the elastic thermal conductive film layer and the engineering plastic layer.
  • the adhesive film layer has a certain viscosity and is easy to bond with other film layers, and the adhesive film layer can increase damping and reduce distortion.
  • the engineering plastic layer and/or the elastic film layer is also likely to be sticky when heated during the molding process, so as to facilitate bonding.
  • the thermal conductivity of the elastomer material can be significantly improved by using a thermally conductive elastomer (elastomer with thermally conductive fillers added) as the diaphragm, and with the increase of the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive elastomer, the vibration The membrane rupture rate is reduced.
  • the thermal conductivity of the diaphragm can be effectively improved by mixing the thermally conductive filler with the elastomer material, so that the heat of the voice coil can be diffused into the entire diaphragm or the air, so as to avoid the diaphragm caused by excessive local temperature.
  • the mechanical properties are reduced, which in turn reduces the risk of thermal rupture of the diaphragm.
  • the normal temperature thermal conductivity of the diaphragm is 0.5-50 W/(m ⁇ K), wherein the normal temperature thermal conductivity refers to the thermal conductivity at normal temperature (20° C.). It can be understood that the thermal conductivity of the diaphragm should not be too low or too high, the thermal conductivity of the diaphragm is too low, the film rupture is high in the high-power reliability verification, and the thermal conductivity of the diaphragm is too high, which will reduce the film rupture rate. The effect is no longer obvious, but it needs to add too much thermal conductive filler to affect the elastic properties of the diaphragm.
  • thermally conductive filler to the elastomer material, it is beneficial to improve the storage modulus of the diaphragm. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that, compared with the common diaphragm without thermally conductive filler added, the response of the elastic thermally conductive diaphragm with thermally conductive filler added to the intermediate frequency (about 1000-10000 Hz) in this embodiment is significantly improved.
  • the storage modulus at room temperature of the diaphragm is 2-400mpa, and the modulus at 100% constant elongation is 0.5-50mpa, wherein the storage modulus at room temperature refers to the storage modulus at room temperature (20°C). .
  • the storage modulus of the diaphragm should not be too high nor too low. The smaller the F0 (minimum resonant frequency) of the diaphragm, the better the low frequency performance of the diaphragm, and since F0 is positively related to the storage modulus, the higher the storage modulus of the diaphragm, the higher the F0 of the diaphragm. high, resulting in a decrease in the low frequency performance of the diaphragm.
  • the storage modulus of the diaphragm is too low, the compliance of the diaphragm will be too high. In the process of large-amplitude vibration, polarization is likely to occur, resulting in distortion, which affects the sense of hearing.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment controls the storage modulus of the diaphragm, so that the F0 of the diaphragm can reach 500-1500 Hz, so that the sound generating device has excellent low frequency performance.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a sound-generating device, the sound-generating device includes a voice coil and a vibrating membrane, and the vibrating membrane is combined with the voice coil.
  • the specific structure of the diaphragm refers to the above-mentioned embodiments. Since the sound-emitting device adopts all the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here. Repeat.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种振膜，用于发声装置，所述发声装置包括音圈，所述振膜用以供所述音圈结合固定，所述振膜包括弹性导热膜层，所述弹性导热膜层的成型材料包括弹性体材料和导热填料。本发明还提供包括该振膜的发声装置。本发明技术方案能够显著提升振膜的热传导性能和散热性能，有利于将音圈的热量扩散到整个振膜或者空气中，从而避免振膜出现局部过热而熔融的情况，提升了振膜的耐温性，同时还能够确保振膜具有良好的回弹性能。

Description

振膜及发声装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电声转换技术领域，特别涉及一种振膜，以及具有该振膜的发声装置。
背景技术
发声装置包括壳体、振动系统和磁路系统，其中，振动系统包括振膜和音圈。相关技术中，发声装置的工作功率越大，音圈通电后发热也越明显，如此，与音圈接触的振膜由于导热率较差，无法快速散热，会发生局部过热而熔融的情况，最终会导致振膜失效而无法正常振动发声。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提出一种振膜，旨在提升振膜的热传导性能和散热性能，从而避免振膜发生局部过热的情况。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种振膜，用于发声装置，所述发声装置包括音圈，所述振膜用以供所述音圈结合固定，所述振膜包括弹性导热膜层，所述弹性导热膜层的成型材料包括弹性体材料和导热填料。
可选地，所述导热填料的导热系数大于或等于20W/(m·K)；和/或，
所述导热填料的质量占所述弹性导热膜层的成型材料总质量的百分比为0.5％～50％；和/或，所述导热填料的颗粒形状为球型、或类球形、或片状、或纤维状、或多孔状、或柱状。
可选地，所述导热填料包括金属材料、金属氧化物材料、碳类物质、导电高分子材料、金属氮化物、碳化物和矿物晶须中的至少一种。
可选地，所述金属材料包括金、银、铜、铝、镁、铁、镍中的至少一种；和/或，
所述金属氧化物材料包括氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化铍、氧化锌、氧化镍中的至少一种；和/或，
所述碳类物质包括石墨、炭黑、石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纤维、金刚石中的至少一种；和/或，
所述导电高分子材料包括聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚苯胺、聚乙炔中至少一种；和/或，
所述金属氮化物包括氮化铝、氮化硅、氮化硼、氮化钛中至少一种；和/或，
所述碳化物包括碳化硅；和/或，
所述矿物晶须包括硫酸钙晶须、硫酸镁晶须、钛酸钾晶须、碳酸钙晶须、钛酸钡晶须、硼酸晶须中的至少一种。
可选地，所述弹性体材料包括热塑性弹性体材料、热固性弹性体材料中的至少一种。
可选地，所述热塑性弹性体材料包括聚酯热塑性弹性体、聚氨酯热塑性弹性体、聚烯烃热塑性弹性体、聚苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体、聚酰胺热塑性弹性体、聚氯乙烯热塑性弹性体、有机硅热塑性弹性体、二烯类热塑性弹性体中的至少一种，或者，所述热塑性弹性体材料为动态硫化型热塑性弹性体材料；和/或，
所述热固性弹性体材料包括乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯橡胶、乙丙橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶、丁基橡胶、硅橡胶、聚硫橡胶、丁苯橡胶中的至少一种。
可选地，所述弹性导热膜层的成型材料还包括偶联剂或表面活性剂。
可选地，所述偶联剂或表面活性剂的质量占所述弹性导热膜层的成型材料总质量的百分比为0.5％～5％。
可选地，所述弹性导热膜层由成型材料经过初次成型和二次成型制得，所述初次成型为流延成型、压延成型或涂布成型，所述二次成型包括模压成型或气压成型。
可选地，所述振膜为单层膜，所述单层膜为所述弹性导热膜层；或，
所述振膜为多层复合膜，所述振膜还包括辅助膜层，所述辅助膜层与所述弹性导热膜层相层叠设置，所述辅助膜层包括工程塑料层和/或弹性膜层和/或胶膜层。
可选地，所述工程塑料层的材料包括聚酰胺，聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚芳砜、聚醚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚芳酯、聚苯酯、聚芳醚酮、聚醚醚酮中的至少一种；和/或，
所述弹性膜层由弹性体材料形成；和/或，
所述胶膜层为丙烯酸胶膜层或硅胶胶膜层。
可选地，所述振膜的常温导热系数为0.5～50W/(m·K)；和/或，
所述振膜的常温储能模量为2～400mpa，100％定伸模量为0.5～50mpa。
本发明还提出一种发声装置，包括：
音圈；以及，
前述的振膜，所述振膜与所述音圈结合。
本发明中，振膜包括弹性导热膜层，弹性导热膜层的成型材料包括弹性体材料和导热填料。本发明技术方案通过在弹性体材料中添加导热填料成型出弹性导热膜层，能够显著提升振膜的热传导性能和散热性能，有利于将音圈的热量扩散到整个振膜或者空气中，从而避免振膜出现局部过热而熔融的情况，提升了振膜的耐温性，同时还能够确保振膜具有良好 的回弹性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为导热填料添加量对弹性体导热系数及拉伸强度影响；
图2为导热改性剂量对弹性体硬度及断裂伸长率的影响；
图3为弹性导热振膜和普通振膜的频响曲线。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，全文中出现的“和/或”的含义为，包括三个并列的方案，以“A和/或B为例”，包括A方案，或B方案，或A和B同时满足的方案。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
本发明实施例提出一种振膜，用于发声装置，所述发声装置包括音圈，所述振膜用以供所述音圈结合固定。可以理解，由于音圈通电后会发热，而振膜由于与音圈接触也会受热，现有的振膜导热率较差，无法快速散热，容易发生局部过热而熔融的情况。因此，本发明技术方案旨在提升振膜的热传导性能和散热性能，从而避免振膜发生局部过热的情况。
在本发明一实施例中，所述振膜包括弹性导热膜层，所述弹性导热膜层的成型材料包括弹性体材料和导热填料。
其中，弹性体材料是一类具有高弹性、高回弹、高强度的材料，又具有良好的抗疲劳特点，非常适合用来制作振膜。但弹性体材料的导热率较差，如表1所示，未经改性的弹性体材料的导热系数为0.05～0.35W/(m·K)，热传导性能和散热性能差，易造成局部过热。
表1.不同弹性体未改性之前的热导率
弹性体名称 丁苯橡胶 丁基橡胶 丁腈橡胶 硅橡胶 乙丙橡胶 硅橡胶
热导系数 0.25 0.09 0.27 0.27 0.32 0.15
W/(m·K)            
考虑到弹性体材料自身的导热系数小，热传导速率慢，本实施例技术方案通过在弹性体材料中添加导热填料以提升弹性体整体的导热率。导热填料分散到弹性体材料中，能够形成导热通道，使得热量在整个膜层内快速扩散均匀，从而避免弹性体局部过热。应该说明的是，导热填料的熔点远高于弹性体材料的熔点，在弹性导热膜层成型过程中，导热填料始终是完全固态的，而并非是熔融状态的。
本发明技术方案通过在弹性体材料中添加导热填料成型出弹性导热膜层，能够显著提升振膜的热传导性能和散热性能，有利于将音圈的热量扩散到整个振膜或者空气中，从而避免振膜出现局部过热而熔融的情况，提升了振膜的耐温性，同时还能够确保振膜具有良好的回弹性能。
其中，所述弹性体材料包括热塑性弹性体材料、热固性弹性体材料中的至少一种。其中，热塑性弹性体具有加工性优、无需硫化、可重复利用等特点。而热固性弹性体具有弹性高、回弹性好、耐温性优良等特点。
具体的，热塑性弹性体材料包括聚酯热塑性弹性体、聚氨酯热塑性弹性体、聚烯烃热塑性弹性体、聚苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体、聚酰胺热塑性弹性体、聚氯乙烯热塑性弹性体、有机硅热塑性弹性体、二烯类热塑性弹性体中的至少一种；或者，所述热塑性弹性体材料为动态硫化型热塑性弹性体材料。相较于普通的热塑性弹性体，动态硫化型热塑性弹性体材料具有比重小、耐热性好、加工性能佳等特点。所述动态硫化型热塑性弹性体材料包括乙丙橡胶和聚丙烯类动态硫化型弹性体材料、乙丙橡胶和聚乙烯类动态硫化型弹性体材料、天然橡胶和聚丙烯类动态硫化型弹性体材料中的至少一种。
所述热固性弹性体材料包括乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯橡胶、乙丙橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶、丁基橡胶、硅橡胶、聚硫橡胶、丁苯橡胶中的至少一种。
所述导热填料包括金属材料、金属氧化物材料、碳类物质、导电高分子材料、金属氮化物、碳化物和矿物晶须中的至少一种。
具体的，所述金属材料包括金、银、铜、铝、镁、铁、镍中的至少一种；和/或，所述金属氧化物材料包括氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化铍、氧化锌、氧化镍中的至少一种；和/或，所述碳类物质包括石墨、炭黑、石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纤维、金刚石中的至少一种；和/或，所述导电高分子材料包括聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚苯胺、聚乙炔中至少一种；和/或，所述金属氮化物包括氮化铝、氮化硅、氮化硼、氮化钛中至少一种；和/或，所述碳化物包括碳化硅；和/或，所述矿物晶须包括硫酸钙晶须、硫酸镁晶须、钛酸钾晶须、碳酸钙晶须、钛酸钡晶须、硼酸晶须中的至少一种。
进一步地，导热填料的导热系数大于或等于20W/(m·K)。可以理解，在导热填料添加量相同的情况下，导热填料的导热系数越高，越有利于提升弹性导热膜层的热传导性能。
进一步地，导热填料的质量占所述弹性导热膜层的成型材料总质量的百分比为0.5％～50％。由图1可以看出，随着导热填料添加量的增加，弹性体的导热系数升高，弹性体的拉伸强度增大。由图2可以看出，随着导热填料添加量的增加，弹性体的硬度增加，但断裂伸长率下降。若导热填料的质量分数小于0.5％，弹性体的热导率提升小，使得振膜的导热能力差，振膜可靠性验证中无明显改善效果；导热填料的质量分数大于50％，弹性体的硬度升高(模量与硬度正相关，因此模量也会升高)，断裂伸长率下降，易造成振膜局部缺陷，可靠性验证中易应力集中，从而导致破膜失效。本实施例技术方案通过合理控制导热填料的添加量，以确保明显提升弹性导热膜层的热传导性能，同时避免由于其断裂伸长率明显降低而易发生局部缺陷的情况。
进一步地，所述导热填料的颗粒形状为球型、或类球形、或片状、或纤维状、或多孔状、或柱状、或无规则结构等。其中，对于弹性体热传导的改性效果而言，片状和纤维状的导热填料要优于球形和类球形的导热填料。这是由于相较于球形和类球形的导热填料，片状和纤维状的导热填料更容易形成热传导通道，提升弹性导热膜的热导率。
另外，所述弹性导热膜层的成型材料还包括偶联剂或表面活性剂。可以理解，由于导热填料与弹性体材料的极性相差较大，相容性可能会受到影响。因此，该实施例技术方案通过在成型材料中加入偶联剂或表面活性剂，以提升导热填料和弹性体材料的相容性，使得导热填料和弹性体材料能够混合得更加均匀，从而有利于提升弹性导热膜层的导热性能。其中偶联剂包括硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、锆类偶联剂、有机铬偶联剂中至少一种。表面活性剂包括阴离子型表面活性剂、阳离子型表面活性、两性离子型表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂中的至少一种。
进一步地，偶联剂或表面活性剂的质量占弹性导热膜层的成型材料总质量的百分比为0.5％～5％。可以理解，弹性导热膜层的成型材料中，偶联剂或表面活性剂的添加量不宜过少也不宜过多。如果偶联剂或表面活性剂的添加量过少，对导热填料与弹性体材料之间相容性的改善不明显，导热填料与弹性体材料不易均匀混合；但如果偶联剂或表面活性剂的添加量过多，由于偶联剂或表面活性剂的导热率较低，则会影响弹性导热膜层的热传导性能。
本实施例中，弹性导热膜层由成型材料经过初次成型和二次成型制得，所述初次成型为流延成型、成型或涂布成型，所述二次成型包括模压成型或气压成型。其中，流延成型具体是先经过挤出机把原料塑化熔融，再通过T型结构成型模具挤出，呈片状流延至平稳旋 转的冷却辊筒的辊面上，膜片在冷却辊筒上经冷却降温成型；压延成型具体是借助于辊筒间强大的剪切力，并配以相应的加工温度，使高弹态的物料多次受到挤压和延展作用，最终成为具有宽度和厚度的薄片制品的一种加工方法；而涂布成型是指通过刮刀将溶液态原料涂布于纸、布、塑料薄膜上成型，其中溶液态原料是由弹性体材料和导热填料(导热填料为高分子材料)溶解于有机溶剂中形成。而模压成型是指将已初次成型的膜片状的弹性导热膜层放入到模具型腔中，然后闭模加压而使其二次成型并定型的作业。气压成型是将已初次成型的膜片状的弹性导热膜层放在加热器与模具之间，使弹性导热膜层受热软化，用真空或压缩空气使弹性导热膜层两面产生压差而成型的方法。可以理解，一般而言，振膜包括固定部、与固定部一体设置的折环部，以及位于折环部内的中央部，因此，弹性导热膜层也需要形成特定的形状。本实施例技术方案通过流延成型、压延成型或涂布成型使得弹性体材料和导热填料混合成型成膜片状，再经过模压成型或气压成型形成特定形状的弹性导热膜层。优选地，当弹性体材料为热塑性弹性体材料时，初次成型采用流延成型；当弹性体材料为热固性弹性体材料时，初次成型采用压延成型或涂布成型。
可选地，所述振膜为单层膜，所述单层膜为所述弹性导热膜层。
可选地，所述振膜为多层复合膜，所述振膜还包括辅助膜层，辅助膜层与弹性导热膜层相层叠设置，辅助膜层包括工程塑料层和/或弹性膜层和/或胶膜层。其中，工程塑料层是指由工程塑料形成的工程塑料层。所述工程塑料层的材料包括聚酰胺，聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚芳砜、聚醚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚芳酯、聚苯酯、聚芳醚酮、聚醚醚酮中的至少一种。所述弹性膜层由未添加导热填料的普通弹性体材料形成。所述胶膜层为丙烯酸胶膜层或硅胶胶膜层等。具体的，可以将弹性导热膜层与工程塑料层和/或弹性膜层和/或胶膜层通过辊压的方式复合为多层复合膜。例如，振膜可以为双层复合膜，即由弹性导热膜层与工程塑料层复合而成；或者，振膜可以为三层复合膜，即由弹性导热膜层、工程塑料层和胶膜层复合而成，其中，胶膜层置于弹性导热膜层和工程塑料层之间。胶膜层具有一定的粘性，容易与其它膜层进行粘接，并且胶膜层能够起到增加阻尼、降低失真的作用。当然，工程塑料层和/或弹性膜层在模压过程中受热也容易产生粘性，从而便于粘接。
由于，发声装置使用环境复杂，有高温、高湿、长期大功率运行等，对振膜的使用可靠性有严格要求，所以需要提前进行可靠性验证以保证振膜在各种使用环境中都可正常运行。
从表2可以看到，采用普通弹性体(未添加导热填料的弹性体)作为振膜，在进行 大功率可靠性验证后，振膜破膜率较高。这是由于普通弹性体的导热系数小，导致振膜的热传导能力差。振膜在大功率可靠性验证过程中，音圈发热量大，温度高，同音圈接触的振膜温度较其他部位显著升高，造成振膜局部熔融或者过热部位力学性能下降，振动过程中局部拉伸易变形失效而导致破膜。
从表2还可以看到，通过采用导热弹性体(添加导热填料的弹性体)作为振膜通过，可显著提升弹性体材料的导热系数，并且随着导热弹性体的导热系数的升高，振膜的破膜率降低。这是由于通过将导热填料与弹性体材料混合后，能够有效提升振膜的热传导性能，以使音圈的热量能够扩散到整个振膜或者空气中，从而避免振膜由于局部温度过高而造成力学性能降低，进而降低振膜受热破裂的风险。优选地，振膜的常温导热系数为0.5～50W/(m·K)，其中，常温导热系数是指在常温下(20℃)的导热系数。可以理解，振膜的导热系数不宜过低也不宜过高，振膜的导热系数过低，在大功率可靠性验证中破膜较高，振膜的导热系数过高，对降低破膜率的效果不再明显，但需要添加过多的导热填料而影响振膜的弹性性能。
表2.弹性体导热系数对大功率可靠性验证中振膜破膜率的影响
弹性体材料 导热系数/W/m.k 大功率可靠性验证破膜数量/个
普通弹性体 0.17 6/20
导热弹性体1 0.43 1/20
导热弹性体2 1.37 0/20
导热弹性体3 2.58 0/20
本实施例中，通过在弹性体材料中添加导热填料，有利于提升振膜的储能模量。从图3中可以看到，相较于无添加导热填料的普通振膜，本实施例中的添加了导热填料的弹性导热振膜对中频频率(1000-10000HZ左右)的响应明显得到了提升。
优选地，所述振膜的常温储能模量为2～400mpa，100％定伸模量为0.5～50mpa，其中，常温储能模量是指在常温下(20℃)的储能模量。可以理解，所述振膜的储能模量不宜过高也不宜过低。振膜的F0(最低共振频率)越小，振膜的低频性能越好，而由于F0与储能模量正相关，因此，如果振膜的储能模量越高，振膜的F0就越高，导致振膜的低频性能下降。而如果振膜的储能模量太低，则振膜的顺性会过高，在大振幅振动过程中，易出现偏振，导致失真，从而影响听感。本实施例技术方案通过控制振膜的储能模量，使得振膜的F0能够达到500～1500Hz，使得发声装置具有优良的低频性能。
本发明实施例还提出一种发声装置，发声装置包括音圈和振膜，所述振膜与所述音圈结合。所述振膜的具体结构参照上述实施例，由于该发声装置采用了上述所有实施例的全部技术方案，因此至少具有上述实施例的技术方案所带来的所有有益效果，在此不再一一赘 述。
以上所述仅为本发明的可选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种振膜，用于发声装置，所述发声装置包括音圈，所述振膜用以供所述音圈结合固定，其特征在于，所述振膜包括弹性导热膜层，所述弹性导热膜层的成型材料包括弹性体材料和导热填料。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于，所述导热填料的导热系数大于或等于20W/(m·K)；和/或，
    所述导热填料的质量占所述弹性导热膜层的成型材料总质量的百分比为0.5％～50％；和/或，所述导热填料的颗粒形状为球型、或类球形、或片状、或纤维状、或多孔状、或柱状。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于，所述导热填料包括金属材料、金属氧化物材料、碳类物质、导电高分子材料、金属氮化物、碳化物和矿物晶须中的至少一种。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的振膜，其特征在于，所述金属材料包括金、银、铜、铝、镁、铁、镍中的至少一种；和/或，
    所述金属氧化物材料包括氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化铍、氧化锌、氧化镍中的至少一种；和/或，
    所述碳类物质包括石墨、炭黑、石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纤维、金刚石中的至少一种；和/或，
    所述导电高分子材料包括聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚苯胺、聚乙炔中至少一种；和/或，
    所述金属氮化物包括氮化铝、氮化硅、氮化硼、氮化钛中至少一种；和/或，
    所述碳化物包括碳化硅；和/或，
    所述矿物晶须包括硫酸钙晶须、硫酸镁晶须、钛酸钾晶须、碳酸钙晶须、钛酸钡晶须、硼酸晶须中的至少一种。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于，所述弹性体材料包括热塑性弹性体材料、热固性弹性体材料中的至少一种。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的振膜，其特征在于，所述热塑性弹性体材料包括聚酯热塑性弹性体、聚氨酯热塑性弹性体、聚烯烃热塑性弹性体、聚苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体、聚酰胺热塑性弹性体、聚氯乙烯热塑性弹性体、有机硅热塑性弹性体、二烯类热塑性弹性体中的至少一种，或者，所述热塑性弹性体材料为动态硫化型热塑性弹性体材料；和/或，
    所述热固性弹性体材料包括乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯橡胶、乙丙橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶、丁基橡胶、硅橡胶、聚硫橡胶、丁苯橡胶中的至少一种。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于，所述弹性导热膜层的成型材料还包括偶联剂或表面活性剂。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的振膜，其特征在于，所述偶联剂或表面活性剂的质量占所述弹性导热膜层的成型材料总质量的百分比为0.5％～5％。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于，所述弹性导热膜层由成型材料经过初次成型和二次成型制得，所述初次成型为流延成型、压延成型或涂布成型，所述二次成型包括模压成型或气压成型。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于，所述振膜为单层的所述弹性导热膜层；或，所述振膜为多层复合膜，所述振膜还包括辅助膜层，所述辅助膜层与所述弹性导热膜层相层叠设置，所述辅助膜层包括工程塑料层和/或弹性膜层和/或胶膜层。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的振膜，其特征在于，所述工程塑料层的材料包括聚酰胺，聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚芳砜、聚醚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚芳酯、聚苯酯、聚芳醚酮、聚醚醚酮中的至少一种；和/或，
    所述弹性膜层由弹性体材料形成；和/或，
    所述胶膜层为丙烯酸胶膜层或硅胶胶膜层。
  12. 如权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的振膜，其特征在于，所述振膜的常温导热系数为0.5～50W/(m·K)；和/或，
    所述振膜的常温储能模量为2～400mpa，100％定伸模量为0.5～50mpa。
  13. 一种发声装置，其特征在于，包括：
    音圈；以及，
    如权利要求1至12中任意一项所述的振膜，所述振膜与所述音圈结合。
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