WO2022062129A1 - 多程径向反应器 - Google Patents

多程径向反应器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022062129A1
WO2022062129A1 PCT/CN2020/128920 CN2020128920W WO2022062129A1 WO 2022062129 A1 WO2022062129 A1 WO 2022062129A1 CN 2020128920 W CN2020128920 W CN 2020128920W WO 2022062129 A1 WO2022062129 A1 WO 2022062129A1
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Prior art keywords
tube
tube box
box
heat exchange
shell
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PCT/CN2020/128920
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李振宇
李开文
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江苏永大化工机械有限公司
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Publication of WO2022062129A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022062129A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/067—Heating or cooling the reactor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reactor, in particular to a multi-pass radial reactor.
  • the present invention proposes a multi-pass radial reactor with a multi-pass radial flow of syngas.
  • a multi-pass radial reactor the multi-pass radial reactor includes an outer shell, an upper tube box, a lower tube box and a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the outer shell, the upper tube box is fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer shell, and the lower tube box is fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer shell.
  • the box is fixedly connected to the lower end of the shell, and all the heat exchange tubes are distributed between the upper tube box and the lower tube box, forming several circles from the inside to the outside.
  • the upper end of each heat exchange tube is fixedly connected to the upper tube box and extends into the upper tube box.
  • the tube box is connected to the inner space of the upper tube box, and the lower end of each heat exchange tube is fixedly connected to the lower tube box, and extends into the lower tube box to communicate with the inner space of the lower tube box to form a heat exchange tube bundle together;
  • the upper tube The top of the box protrudes through the outer casing for a section, and a refrigerant outlet is arranged on it, and the bottom of the lower tube box extends through the outer casing for a section, and a refrigerant inlet is arranged on it;
  • the outer casing is also provided with an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder.
  • the tube is fixedly installed inside the heat exchange tube bundle, covering the inner ring of the heat exchange tube bundle, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the upper tube box and the lower tube box respectively.
  • a baffle ring is installed, and the lower end is connected to the outer shell through sealing, and the inner space of the outer shell, that is, the shell side space, is divided into three parts, the inner space between the inner tube and the upper tube box and the lower tube box, and the inner tube space between the inner tube and the lower tube box.
  • the synthesis gas enters the reaction layer space from the synthesis gas inlet, enters the catalyst down a short axial path, and reaches the ventilation section of the inner cylinder. Since the gas has the characteristic of taking the path of least resistance, most of the gas turns and enters the radial direction.
  • the inner space of the cylinder then, go down a short axial direction in the airtight section, and then come to the breathable section. Due to the blocking of the inner cylinder baffle, the airflow turns and goes radially through the catalyst into the outer space, and the gas reaches the outer space. It cannot go up, and can only go down through the airtight section. After reaching the breathable section, it turns and goes radially through the catalyst, and then enters the inner space of the cylinder again.
  • the other fluid is refrigerant, which enters the lower tube box from the refrigerant inlet, then flows upward from each heat exchange tube, enters the upper tube box, and finally flows away from the refrigerant outlet; the refrigerant exchanges heat with the catalyst outside the heat exchange tube, continuously The heat generated by the reaction is taken away, thereby ensuring the temperature balance in the reaction zone.
  • the casing is formed by connecting the lower casing head, the casing cylinder and the casing upper casing, and the casing lower head, the casing cylinder and the casing upper casing jointly enclose the casing side space.
  • the upper tube box is composed of the upper tube box head, the upper tube box section with convex shoulder, the upper tube box section and the upper different tube plate.
  • the upper tube box head, the upper tube box section with convex shoulder, the upper tube section The tube box section and the upper dissimilar tube plate together form the inner space of the upper tube box;
  • the lower tube box is composed of the lower tube box head, the lower tube box section with convex shoulder, the lower tube box section and the lower different tube plate.
  • the tube section of the tube box and the lower dissimilar tube plate together form the inner space of the upper tube box;
  • the lower part of the reaction layer space is also filled with ceramic balls, that is, the ceramic balls are distributed under the heat exchange tube bundle; a catalyst loading port is arranged on the top of the outer shell, and a catalyst unloading port is arranged at the bottom, and the catalyst loading port and the catalyst unloading port are respectively arranged.
  • the space of the reaction layer is communicated; a ceramic ball baffle is installed on the synthesis gas outlet, which blocks the synthesis gas outlet and prevents the ceramic balls from leaking out.
  • the reactor further comprises a skirt seat, the skirt seat is placed under the outer shell, supports the outer shell, and is fixedly connected with the outer shell;
  • An inspection hole is provided on the side of the skirt seat.
  • the bottom of the lower tube box is provided with a lower tube box manhole.
  • the side wall of the casing is provided with a manhole.
  • An inner inspection hole is arranged at the bottom of the upper pipe box, and the inner inspection hole communicates with the inner space of the upper pipe box and the inner space of the cylinder.
  • the manhole cover of the lower pipe box is provided with a sewage outlet.
  • the invention has the advantages of reasonable design and simple structure, allowing the syngas to flow radially in multiple passes, thereby increasing the linear velocity and making the reaction more sufficient.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-pass radial reactor.
  • skirt seat 1 manhole 2 of lower pipe box, refrigerant inlet 3, head of lower pipe box 4, tube section of lower pipe box with convex shoulder 5, syngas outlet 6, lower casing head 7, casing cylinder 8,
  • the lower tube box section 9 the manhole 10, the lower different tube plate 11, the seal 12, the inner tube 13, the outer tube 14, the heat exchange tube 15, the inner inspection hole 16, the upper shell head 17, the mixed gas inlet 18, the belt Shoulder upper tube box section 19, upper tube box head 20, refrigerant outlet 21, catalyst loading port 22, upper tube box section 23, gas baffle 24, upper dissimilar tube plate 25, inner tube baffle 26, porcelain Ball baffle 27 , catalyst unloading port 28 , inspection hole 29 .
  • a multi-pass radial reactor the multi-pass radial reactor includes an outer shell, an upper tube box, a lower tube box and a plurality of heat exchange tubes 15 are arranged in the outer shell, and the upper tube box is fixedly connected At the upper end of the shell, the lower tube box is fixedly connected to the lower end of the shell, and all the heat exchange tubes 15 are distributed between the upper tube box and the lower tube box, forming several circles from the inside to the outside.
  • the upper end of each heat exchange tube 15 is connected to the upper tube
  • the box is fixedly connected, extends into the upper tube box, and communicates with the inner space of the upper tube box.
  • a heat exchange tube bundle is formed; the top of the upper tube box protrudes through the outer shell for a section, and a refrigerant outlet 21 is arranged on it, the bottom of the lower tube box extends through the outer shell for a section, and a refrigerant inlet 3 is arranged on it; the outer shell
  • An inner tube 13 and an outer tube 14 are also arranged inside.
  • the inner tube 13 is fixedly installed inside the heat exchange tube bundle and covers the inner ring of the heat exchange tube bundle. Its two ends are respectively fixedly connected to the upper tube box and the lower tube box, and the outer tube 14 is fixedly installed.
  • the outer ring of the heat exchange tube bundle is covered, the upper end of which is installed with a baffle ring 24, and the lower end is connected with the outer shell through the seal 12, and the inner space of the outer shell, that is, the shell side space is divided into three parts, which are located between the inner cylinder 13 and the outer shell.
  • the inlet 18 and the synthesis gas outlet 6 are respectively connected to the reaction layer space; an inner cylinder baffle 26 is fixedly connected in the inner cylinder 13, and the inner cylinder space is divided into two upper and lower small spaces, and the inner cylinder corresponding to the position of each small space is located.
  • the outer casing is formed by connecting the lower casing head 7, the casing cylinder 8 and the casing upper casing 17, The lower casing head 7, the casing cylinder 8, and the casing upper casing 17 together form the shell side space;
  • the upper pipe box is composed of the upper pipe box head 19, the upper pipe box cylinder section 20 with a convex shoulder, and the upper pipe
  • the casing section 23 and the upper dissimilar tube plate 25 are connected to form, the upper casing head 19, the upper casing section 20 with convex shoulder, the upper casing section 23, and the upper dissimilar tube plate 25 together form the upper casing.
  • the lower pipe box is composed of the lower pipe box head 4, the lower pipe box barrel section 5 with convex shoulder, the lower pipe box barrel section 9, and the lower different tube plate 11.
  • the lower pipe box head 4, with convex The shoulder and lower tube box section 5, the lower tube box section 9 and the lower different tube plate 11 together form the inner space of the upper tube box;
  • the upper and lower tube plates 25 and 11 are densely covered with small holes , the upper end of the heat exchange tube 15 passes through the small hole on the upper dissimilar tube plate 25 and is welded with the upper dissimilar tube plate 25, and the lower end of the heat exchange tube 15 passes through the small hole on the lower dissimilar tube plate 11, and is connected with the upper dissimilar tube plate 25.
  • the lower dissimilar tube plate 11 is welded; the reaction layer space is also filled with ceramic balls, and the ceramic balls are distributed under the heat exchange tube bundle; a catalyst loading port is arranged on the top of the shell 22.
  • the bottom is provided with a catalyst unloading port 28, the catalyst loading port 22 and the catalyst unloading port 28 are respectively connected to the reaction layer space; a ceramic ball baffle 27 is installed on the synthesis gas outlet 6;
  • the reactor also includes a skirt 1,
  • the skirt 1 is placed under the casing, supports the casing, and is fixedly connected to the casing; the side of the skirt 1 is provided with an inspection hole 29; the bottom of the lower pipe box is provided with a manhole 2 for the lower pipe box; the side wall of the casing is provided with an inspection hole 29
  • There is a manhole 10; the bottom of the upper pipe box is provided with an internal inspection hole 16, and the internal inspection hole 16 is connected to the inner space of the upper pipe box and the inner space of the cylinder; the manhole cover of the lower pipe box is provided with

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

一种多程径向反应器，包括外壳，外壳内设置有上管箱、下管箱以及若干换热管（15），上管箱固定连接在外壳上端，下管箱固定连接在外壳下端，所有换热管（15）均分布在上管箱与下管箱之间，分别连接上管箱与下管箱；上管箱上设置有冷媒出口（21），下管箱上设置有冷媒进口（3）；外壳内还设置有内筒（13）、外筒（14），内筒（13）固定安装在换热管束内部，其两端分别与上管箱、下管箱固定连接，外筒（14）固定安装在换热管束外部，其上端安装有挡气圈（24）、下端与外壳通过密封（12）连接；内筒（13）、外筒（14）由上至下交替为透气段、不透气段，内筒（13）的透气段与外筒（14）的透气段错位；反应层空间内填充催化剂；外壳上设置有混合气进口（18）、合成气出口（6）；在内筒（13）内固定连接有若干内筒隔板（26）。

Description

多程径向反应器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种反应器，具体涉及一种多程径向反应器。
背景技术
近年在煤化工领域，径向反应器方兴未哀，以其反应效率高、体积小倍收欢迎。但是目前投入使用径向反应器都是单程路径，应用于某些场合，存在反应路径太短，合成气流速慢，从而导致反应不充分问题。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提出一种合成气多程径向流动的多程径向反应器。
本发明的技术方案：
一种多程径向反应器，所述多程径向反应器包括外壳，所述外壳内设置有上管箱、下管箱以及若干换热管，上管箱固定连接在外壳上端，下管箱固定连接在外壳下端，所有换热管均分布在上管箱与下管箱之间，由内至外围成若干圈，每个换热管的上端与上管箱固定连接，并伸入上管箱内，连通上管箱内部空间，每个换热管的下端与下管箱固定连接，并伸入下管箱内，连通下管箱内部空间，共同构成换热管束；所述上管箱顶部穿过外壳伸出一段，其上设置有冷媒出口，所述下管箱底部穿过外壳伸出一段，其上设置有冷媒进口；所述外壳内还设置有内筒、外筒，内筒固定安装在换热管束内部，覆盖换热管束内圈，其两端分别与上管箱、下管箱固定连接，外筒固定安装在换热管束外部，覆盖换热管束外圈，其上端安装有挡气圈、下端与外壳通过密封连接，将所述外壳内部空间即壳程空间分成三个部分，位于内筒与上管箱、下管箱之间的筒内空间、位于内筒与外筒之 间的反应层空间、位于外筒与外壳之间的夹层空间；所述内筒、外筒由上至下交替为透气段、不透气段；所述反应层空间内填充催化剂，催化剂没过换热管束；所述外壳顶部设置有混合气进口、底部设置有合成气出口，混合气进口、合成气出口分别连通反应层空间；在所述内筒内固定连接有若干内筒隔板，将筒内空间分成上下若干个小空间，每个小空间所在位置对应的内筒和外筒的透气段；在所述内筒、外筒密布孔眼构成所述透气段。
工艺流程：
合成气从合成气进口进入反应层空间，向下进入催化剂中走一小段轴向路径，到达内筒的透气段，由于气体有走最小阻力路径的特点，所以绝大部分气体转弯走径向进入筒内空间；然后，在不透气段向下走一小段轴向，又来到透气段，由于内筒隔板的阻挡，气流又转弯走径向经过催化剂进入外层空间，气体到达外层空间向上走不通，只能向下走过不透气段，到达透气段后又转弯走径向经过催化剂后再次进入筒内空间；气流向下走一段后又转弯走径向进入催化剂中，然后在催化剂中向下走一段轴向从合成气出口流走；在大部分气体走出S形路径的同时，有少量气从不透气段的催化剂中直接走轴向向下；多程径向流动，提高了线速度，使反应更充分；
另一路流体是冷媒，从冷媒入口进入下管箱，然后从各换热管内向上流动，进入上管箱，最后从冷媒出口流走；冷媒与换热管外的催化剂进热交换，不断地将反应所产生的热量带走，从而保证反应区的温度平衡。
所述外壳由外壳下封头、外壳筒体、外壳上封头连接构成，外壳下封头、外壳筒体、外壳上封头共同围成所述壳程空间。
所述上管箱由上管箱封头、带凸肩上管箱筒节、上管箱筒节、上异管板连接构成，上管箱封头、带凸肩上管箱筒节、上管箱筒节、上异管板共同围成所述上管箱内部空间；
所述下管箱由下管箱封头、带凸肩下管箱筒节、下管箱筒节、下异管板连接构成，下管箱封头、带凸肩下管箱筒节、下管箱筒节、下异管板共同围成所述上管箱内部空间；
在所述上异管板、下异管板上均密布小孔，所述换热管上端穿过上异管板上的小孔，并与上异管板焊接，所述换热管下端穿过下异管板上的小孔，并与下异管板焊接。
所述反应层空间内的下部还填充有瓷球，即瓷球分布在换热管束下方；在所述外壳顶部设置有装催化剂口、底部设置有卸催化剂口，装催化剂口、卸催化剂口分别连通反应层空间；所述所述合成气出口上安装有瓷球挡板，遮挡住合成气出口，使瓷球不会漏出。
所述反应器还包括裙座，裙座置于外壳下方，支撑外壳，并与外壳固定连接；
所述裙座侧面设置有检查孔。
所述下管箱底部设置有下管箱人孔。
所述外壳侧壁设置有人孔。
所述上管箱底部设置有内部检修孔，内部检修孔连通上管箱内部空间与筒内空间。
所述下管箱人孔盖上设置有排污口。
本发明优点是，设计合理，结构简单，让合成气多程径向流动，从而提高了线速度，使反应更充分。
附图说明
图1是多程径向反应器结构示意图。
图中 裙座1、下管箱人孔2、冷媒进口3、下管箱封头4、带凸肩下管箱筒节5、合成气出口6、外壳下封头7、外壳筒体8、下管箱筒节9、人孔10、下异管板11、密封12、内筒13、外筒14、换热管15、内部检修孔16、外壳上封头17、混合气进口18、带凸肩上管箱筒节19、上管箱封头20、冷媒出口21、装催化剂口22、上管箱筒节23、挡气圈24、上异管板25、内筒隔板26、瓷球挡板27、卸催化剂口28、检查孔29。
具体实施方式
如图所示，一种多程径向反应器，所述多程径向反应器包括外壳，所述外壳内设置有上管箱、下管箱以及若干换热管15，上管箱固定连接在外壳上端，下管箱固定连接在外壳下端，所有换热管15均分布在上管箱与下管箱之间，由内至外围成若干圈，每个换热管15的上端与上管箱固定连接，并伸入上管箱内，连通上管箱内部空间，每个换热管15的下端与下管箱固定连接，并伸入下管箱内，连通下管箱内部空间，共同构成换热管束；所述上管箱顶部穿过外壳伸出一段，其上设置有冷媒出口21，所述下管箱底部穿过外壳伸出一段，其上设置有冷媒进口3；所述外壳内还设置有内筒13、外筒14，内筒13固定安装在换热管束内部，覆盖换热管束内圈，其两端分别与上管箱、下管箱固定连接，外筒14固定安装在换热管束外部，覆盖换热管束外圈，其上端安装有挡气圈24、下端与外壳通过密封12连接，将所述外壳内部空间即壳程空间分成三个部分，位于内筒13与上管箱、下管箱之间的筒内空间、位于内筒13与外筒14之间的反应层空间、位于外筒14与外壳之间的夹层空间；所述内筒13、外筒14由上至下 交替为透气段、不透气段；所述反应层空间内填充催化剂，催化剂没过换热管束；所述外壳顶部设置有混合气进口18、底部设置有合成气出口6，混合气进口18、合成气出口6分别连通反应层空间；在所述内筒13内固定连接有内筒隔板26，将筒内空间分成上下两个小空间，每个小空间所在位置对应的内筒13和外筒14的透气段；在所述内筒13、外筒14密布孔眼构成所述透气段；所述外壳由外壳下封头7、外壳筒体8、外壳上封头17连接构成，外壳下封头7、外壳筒体8、外壳上封头17共同围成所述壳程空间；所述上管箱由上管箱封头19、带凸肩上管箱筒节20、上管箱筒节23、上异管板25连接构成，上管箱封头19、带凸肩上管箱筒节20、上管箱筒节23、上异管板25共同围成所述上管箱内部空间；所述下管箱由下管箱封头4、带凸肩下管箱筒节5、下管箱筒节9、下异管板11连接构成，下管箱封头4、带凸肩下管箱筒节5、下管箱筒节9、下异管板11共同围成所述上管箱内部空间；在所述上异管板25、下异管板11上均密布小孔，所述换热管15上端穿过上异管板25上的小孔，并与上异管板25焊接，所述换热管15下端穿过下异管板11上的小孔，并与下异管板11焊接；所述反应层空间内还填充有瓷球，瓷球分布在换热管束下方；在所述外壳顶部设置有装催化剂口22、底部设置有卸催化剂口28，装催化剂口22、卸催化剂口28分别连通反应层空间；所述合成气出口6上安装有瓷球挡板27；所述反应器还包括裙座1，裙座1置于外壳下方，支撑外壳，并与外壳固定连接；所述裙座1侧面设置有检查孔29；所述下管箱底部设置有下管箱人孔2；所述外壳侧壁设置有人孔10；所述上管箱底部设置有内部检修孔16，内部检修孔16连通上管箱内部空间与筒内空间；所述下管箱人孔盖上设置有排污口。
由于文字表达的有限性，而客观上存在无限的具体结构，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进、润饰或变化，也可以将上述技术特征以适当的方式进行组合；这些改进润饰、变化或组合，或未经改进将发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种多程径向反应器，所述多程径向反应器包括外壳，所述外壳内设置有上管箱、下管箱以及若干换热管，上管箱固定连接在外壳上端，下管箱固定连接在外壳下端，所有换热管均分布在上管箱与下管箱之间，由内至外围成若干圈，每个换热管的上端与上管箱固定连接，并伸入上管箱内，连通上管箱内部空间，每个换热管的下端与下管箱固定连接，并伸入下管箱内，连通下管箱内部空间，共同构成换热管束；所述上管箱顶部穿过外壳伸出一段，其上设置有冷媒出口，所述下管箱底部穿过外壳伸出一段，其上设置有冷媒进口；其特征在于，所述外壳内还设置有内筒、外筒，内筒固定安装在换热管束内部，覆盖换热管束内圈，其两端分别与上管箱、下管箱固定连接，外筒固定安装在换热管束外部，覆盖换热管束外圈，其上端安装有挡气圈、下端与外壳通过密封连接，将所述外壳内部空间即壳程空间分成三个部分，位于内筒与上管箱、下管箱之间的筒内空间、位于内筒与外筒之间的反应层空间、位于外筒与外壳之间的夹层空间；所述内筒、外筒由上至下交替为透气段、不透气段；所述反应层空间内填充催化剂，催化剂没过换热管束；所述外壳顶部设置有混合气进口、底部设置有合成气出口，混合气进口、合成气出口分别连通反应层空间；
    在所述内筒内固定连接有若干内筒隔板，将筒内空间分成上下若干个小空间，每个小空间所在位置对应的内筒和外筒的透气段；
    在所述内筒、外筒透气段密布孔眼。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多程径向反应器，其特征在于，所述外壳由外壳下封头、外壳筒体、外壳上封头连接构成，外壳下封头、外壳筒体、外壳上封头共同围成所述壳程空间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多程径向反应器，其特征在于，
    所述上管箱由上管箱封头、带凸肩上管箱筒节、上管箱筒节、上异管板连接构成，上管箱封头、带凸肩上管箱筒节、上管箱筒节、上异管板共同围成所述上管箱内部空间；
    所述下管箱由下管箱封头、带凸肩下管箱筒节、下管箱筒节、下异管板连接构成，下管箱封头、带凸肩下管箱筒节、下管箱筒节、下异管板共同围成所述上管箱内部空间；
    在所述上异管板、下异管板上均密布小孔，所述换热管上端穿过上异管板上的小孔，并与上异管板焊接，所述换热管下端穿过下异管板上的小孔，并与下异管板焊接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多程径向反应器，其特征在于，所述反应层空间内的下部还填充有瓷球，即瓷球分布在换热管束下方；在所述外壳顶部设置有装催化剂口、底部设置有卸催化剂口，装催化剂口、卸催化剂口分别连通反应层空间；所述所述合成气出口上安装有瓷球挡板。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多程径向反应器，其特征在于，所述反应器还包括裙座，裙座置于外壳下方，支撑外壳，并与外壳固定连接；所述裙座侧面设置有检查孔。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多程径向反应器，其特征在于，所述下管箱底部设置有下管箱人孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多程径向反应器，其特征在于，根据权利要求1所述的一种多程径向反应器，其特征在于，所述外壳侧壁设置有人孔。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多程径向反应器，其特征在于，所述上管箱底部设置有内部检修孔，内部检修孔连通上管箱内部空间与筒内空间。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的一种多程径向反应器，其特征在于，所述下管箱人孔盖上设置有排污口。
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