WO2022058100A1 - Accélération de machines synchrones électriques avec un bilan thermique optimisé - Google Patents

Accélération de machines synchrones électriques avec un bilan thermique optimisé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022058100A1
WO2022058100A1 PCT/EP2021/072658 EP2021072658W WO2022058100A1 WO 2022058100 A1 WO2022058100 A1 WO 2022058100A1 EP 2021072658 W EP2021072658 W EP 2021072658W WO 2022058100 A1 WO2022058100 A1 WO 2022058100A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
synchronous machine
frequency
voltage
source
semiconductor switches
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/072658
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Speinle
Armin Ruf
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to EP21759301.1A priority Critical patent/EP4214831A1/fr
Priority to CN202180064436.5A priority patent/CN116195180A/zh
Publication of WO2022058100A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022058100A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
    • H02P29/66—Controlling or determining the temperature of the rotor
    • H02P29/662—Controlling or determining the temperature of the rotor the rotor having permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the operation of electrical synchronous machines that are supplied with an AC voltage of variable frequency via an inverter or frequency converter.
  • an AC voltage with a variable frequency is therefore required.
  • Such an AC voltage can be generated, for example, in an inverter or frequency converter from a source DC voltage or from a source AC voltage.
  • Such a power converter connects the three or more phases of its output according to a predetermined time program in alternation with the source DC voltage or with the source AC voltage, so that an at least approximately sinusoidal target AC voltage with the desired target frequency is present at its output .
  • the target AC voltage U ⁇ ,z can, in particular, be three-phase or multi-phase.
  • the synchronous machine is supplied with the target AC voltage U ⁇ ,z.
  • the arrangement of semiconductor switches is switched with a mean modulation frequency fM, which is lower than the nominal frequency fu used during steady-state operation of the synchronous machine with a constant speed.
  • Switching with a high modulation frequency fu means that the target AC voltage is closely approximated to the sinusoidal shape and accordingly fewer eddy current losses occur in the rotor. If the rotating field is sinusoidal in each phase, the rotor is in a fixed with the rotor connected reference system in a constant magnetic field, so that no eddy currents are induced. On the other hand, deviations from the sinusoidal shape, such as harmonics, affect the rotor-fixed reference system and lead to eddy currents.
  • semiconductor switches with larger semiconductors are disproportionately more expensive to manufacture in relation to the increase in current carrying capacity. This is due, among other things, to the fact that monocrystalline semiconductor material is usually only available with a specific defect density per unit area or volume. The larger the piece of semiconductor required to manufacture a semiconductor switch, the greater the likelihood that there will be a defect and the lower the yield in mass production. This is reflected in the final price of the semiconductor switch, especially when the starting material is an expensive semiconductor with a particularly wide band gap, such as silicon carbide.
  • the mean modulation frequency fM is therefore initially reduced in response to the fact that acceleration of the synchronous machine is requested. Before the temperature TR of the rotor of the synchronous machine exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the modulation frequency fM is increased again to the nominal frequency fu and the current I supplied to the synchronous machine is reduced. This means that in case of doubt the acceleration process is weakened or even stopped if the reduced modulation frequency fM can no longer be maintained.
  • a maximum period of time for which the arrangement of semiconductor switches is switched with the lower mean modulation frequency fM is determined using a model that consists of at least
  • the temperature T of the rotor can be monitored by measurement.
  • a non-contact infrared thermometer for example, can be used for this purpose.
  • the mean modulation frequency fM is only reduced in response to an acceleration of the synchronous machine being requested if the absolute difference between the requested setpoint speed ns and the current actual speed ni exceeds a predefined threshold value.
  • a predefined threshold value such a large deviation is associated with large requested currents IB.
  • smaller deviations can also be corrected with smaller currents IB, for which it is not necessary to use the rotor as a heat buffer.
  • the threshold value prevents the small deviations that occur again and again in normal operation between the target speed ns and the actual speed ni from leading to a permanent heat input into the rotor, so that the rotor can no longer keep up with its speed when greater acceleration is requested full heat capacity is available as a heat buffer.
  • the mean modulation frequency can be reduced, for example, in particular by reducing the frequency of the pulse width modulation.
  • the time program for switching is then only scaled in terms of time and otherwise remains unchanged.
  • the switching state of one phase of the arrangement can be kept constant over one period of the pulse width modulation, with the phase affected by this being changed in turn.
  • This modification of the time program causes only a slight deviation of the target AC voltage U ⁇ ,z from the sinusoidal shape, but reduces the average modulation frequency fM and thus the heat load on the semiconductor switches by a third.
  • the mean modulation frequency fM can be reduced, for example, by increasing a hysteresis and/or a time constant of the current controller.
  • the "sacrifice" to be made in the interest of not heating up the semiconductor switches too much is then not made in the form of a deviation of the target AC voltage U ⁇ ,z from the sinusoidal shape, but in the form of a somewhat reduced control quality of the current controller. This means that no additional eddy currents are generated in the rotor.
  • the mean modulation frequency fM is advantageously reduced to such an extent that the maximum junction temperature Tj in the arrangement of semiconductor switches remains below a predetermined threshold value during the acceleration process.
  • This temperature Tj can be measured directly.
  • the change in the mean modulation frequency fM can therefore be adapted dynamically. If the heat buffer provided by the rotor is not quantitatively sufficient and the junction temperature Tj approaches the critical limit, the current I supplied to the synchronous machine can be reduced in order to weaken the acceleration process or stop it altogether.
  • the method can be fully or partially computer-implemented.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a computer program with machine-readable instructions which, when executed on one or more computers, cause the computer or computers to carry out one of the methods described. In this sense, embedded systems for technical devices and control units for vehicles that are also able to execute machine-readable instructions are also to be regarded as computers.
  • the invention also relates to a machine-readable data carrier and/or a download product with the computer program.
  • a downloadable product is a digital product that can be transmitted over a data network, i.e. can be downloaded by a user of the data network and that can be offered for sale in an online shop for immediate download, for example.
  • a computer can be equipped with the computer program, with the machine-readable data carrier or with the downloadable product.
  • the method described above makes it possible to dispense with large oversizing of these semiconductor switches when generating a target AC voltage U ⁇ ,z with a variable frequency fz for an electrical synchronous machine with an arrangement of semiconductor switches.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a system with an electrical synchronous machine and an arrangement of semiconductor switches, in which this waiver is manifested.
  • the arrangement of semiconductor switches is designed in such a way that it is used for acceleration processes the current IB provided for the synchronous machine can only carry at a lower mean modulation frequency fs than the nominal frequency fu provided for stationary operation of the synchronous machine with a constant speed.
  • FIG. 1 embodiment of the method 100
  • FIG. 2 Effects of an exemplary use of the method 100
  • FIG. 3 embodiment of the system 10.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the method 100 for operating a.
  • the arrangement la of semiconductor switches is switched with a mean modulation frequency fM, which is lower than the nominal frequency fu used during steady-state operation of the synchronous machine 2 at a constant speed.
  • step 140 the electrical synchronous machine 2 is supplied with the target AC voltage U.about.z, which has the frequency fz.
  • the mean modulation frequency fM can be reduced in response to the fact that an acceleration of the synchronous machine 2 is requested.
  • block 132 it can then be checked whether the temperature TR of the rotor of the synchronous machine 2 exceeds a predetermined threshold value. If this is the case (truth value 1), the modulation frequency fM is increased again to the nominal frequency fu according to block 133, and according to block 134 the current I supplied to the synchronous machine 2 is reduced.
  • a maximum time At for which the arrangement 1a of semiconductor switches is switched with the lower mean modulation frequency fM, can be determined using a model 3 that predicts the development of the temperature T of the rotor.
  • This temperature TR can also be measured directly according to block 132b.
  • block 135 it can be checked whether the absolute difference between the requested setpoint speed ns and the current actual speed ni exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
  • the reduction of the mean modulation frequency fM according to block 136 can then be restricted to the case where the threshold value is exceeded (truth value 1). Otherwise (truth value 0) this reduction does not take place.
  • the arrangement 1a of semiconductor switches can be operated, for example, in pulse width modulation.
  • the mean modulation frequency fM can then be reduced by reducing the frequency of the pulse width modulation.
  • the switching state of one phase of the arrangement 1a can be kept constant over a period of the pulse width modulation, with the phase affected by this being changed in turn.
  • the semiconductor switches can be controlled by a current regulator, for example, in order to regulate the current I supplied to the synchronous machine to a desired value.
  • the mean modulation frequency fM can then be reduced by increasing a hysteresis and/or a time constant of the current controller.
  • the mean modulation frequency fM can be reduced to such an extent that the maximum junction temperature Tj in the arrangement la of semiconductor switches remains below a predetermined threshold value during the acceleration process.
  • Figure 2 shows the effects of an exemplary use of the method 100 in an acceleration process of the synchronous machine 2.
  • the time t measured in seconds are the speeds n, the current I supplied to the synchronous machine 2, the modulation frequency fM of the arrangement la of semiconductor switches in the inverter or frequency converter 1 , the junction temperature Tj in the arrangement la of semiconductor switches and the temperature TR of the rotor of the synchronous machine 2 are plotted.
  • the actual speed ni reflects this request with a flatter edge.
  • the current I supplied to the synchronous machine also jumps up to an acceleration level IB. Shortly before the actual speed ni reaches the target speed ns, the current I begins to fall until it reaches the steady-state level Is and remains there.
  • the arrangement la of semiconductor switches can carry the high current IB, it is operated with a modulation frequency fM below the nominal frequency fu for the steady-state current Is during the period in which the current I is above the steady-state level Is. Therefore, during the acceleration process, the junction temperature Tj overshoots the eventual steady state far less than if the device la were operated constantly at the nominal modulation frequency fu.
  • FIG 3 shows an embodiment of the system 10 from the synchronous machine 2 and the inverter 1, which consists of a source
  • the arrangement la of semiconductor switches corresponds to an arrangement that is customary for an inverter. However, it differs from this in the dimensioning of the semiconductors used.
  • the semiconductors are dimensioned in such a way that the modulation frequency fM must be lowered below the nominal frequency fu for the stationary state when the current I supplied to the synchronous machine 2 becomes greater than the current Is provided for the stationary state.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé (100) d'utilisation d'une machine électrique synchrone (2), comprenant les étapes suivantes : - une tension continue de source U=,Q ou une tension alternative de source U~,Q ayant une fréquence source fQ est obtenue (110) ; - la tension continue de source U=,Q ou la tension alternative de source U~,Q est convertie (120) en une tension alternative cible U~,Z avec une fréquence cible fZ dans un onduleur ou convertisseur de fréquence (1) par commutation modulée dans le temps d'un agencement (1a) de commutateurs à semi-conducteurs, pendant au moins un processus d'accélération de la machine synchrone (2), l'agencement (1a) de commutateurs à semi-conducteurs étant commuté à une fréquence de modulation moyenne fM qui est inférieure à la fréquence nominale fN utilisée pendant le fonctionnement en régime établi de la machine synchrone (2), à une vitesse constante ; - la machine synchrone (2) est alimentée (140) par la tension alternative cible U~,Z.
PCT/EP2021/072658 2020-09-21 2021-08-15 Accélération de machines synchrones électriques avec un bilan thermique optimisé WO2022058100A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21759301.1A EP4214831A1 (fr) 2020-09-21 2021-08-15 Accélération de machines synchrones électriques avec un bilan thermique optimisé
CN202180064436.5A CN116195180A (zh) 2020-09-21 2021-08-15 具有优化热预算的同步电机的加速

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020211759.4A DE102020211759A1 (de) 2020-09-21 2020-09-21 Beschleunigung elektrischer Synchronmaschinen mit optimiertem Wärmebudget
DE102020211759.4 2020-09-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022058100A1 true WO2022058100A1 (fr) 2022-03-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2021/072658 WO2022058100A1 (fr) 2020-09-21 2021-08-15 Accélération de machines synchrones électriques avec un bilan thermique optimisé

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4214831A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN116195180A (fr)
DE (1) DE102020211759A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022058100A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006191775A (ja) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電動機装置
JP2009189181A (ja) * 2008-02-07 2009-08-20 Toyota Motor Corp モータ駆動システムおよびその制御方法ならびに電動車両
US20100052583A1 (en) * 2008-08-27 2010-03-04 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle equipped with motor and inverter
US20110193506A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-08-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Motor driver and method of controlling the same
DE102018217051A1 (de) 2018-10-05 2020-04-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Bereitstellen einer Wechselspannung mittels mehrerer, parallel geschalteter Wechsel- oder Frequenzumrichter

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006191775A (ja) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電動機装置
JP2009189181A (ja) * 2008-02-07 2009-08-20 Toyota Motor Corp モータ駆動システムおよびその制御方法ならびに電動車両
US20100052583A1 (en) * 2008-08-27 2010-03-04 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle equipped with motor and inverter
US20110193506A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-08-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Motor driver and method of controlling the same
DE102018217051A1 (de) 2018-10-05 2020-04-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Bereitstellen einer Wechselspannung mittels mehrerer, parallel geschalteter Wechsel- oder Frequenzumrichter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN116195180A (zh) 2023-05-30
DE102020211759A1 (de) 2022-03-24
EP4214831A1 (fr) 2023-07-26

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