WO2022056944A1 - 一种融合微观ct在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种融合微观ct在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022056944A1
WO2022056944A1 PCT/CN2020/117421 CN2020117421W WO2022056944A1 WO 2022056944 A1 WO2022056944 A1 WO 2022056944A1 CN 2020117421 W CN2020117421 W CN 2020117421W WO 2022056944 A1 WO2022056944 A1 WO 2022056944A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
true triaxial
turntable
triaxial tester
rock
principal stress
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PCT/CN2020/117421
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘造保
王凯旋
王川
冯夏庭
邵建富
沈挽青
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东北大学
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Publication of WO2022056944A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022056944A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0003—Steady
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
    • G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222—Temperature
    • G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/023—Pressure
    • G01N2203/0232—High pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics and engineering, in particular to a rock true triaxial test system and method integrating micro-CT on-line scanning.
  • the rock sample In the true triaxial test, the rock sample is in a closed true triaxial testing machine, and the state of the rock sample under a certain stress condition cannot be observed and analyzed in real time, but its failure form or crack state can only be analyzed after the test. And when a typical true triaxial test system is used, the crack propagation process of the rock sample and the real-time change of the sample under each stress state cannot be analyzed during the test. However, in the process of rock mechanics test, the state of each moment and the real-time evolution process are of great significance to reveal the mechanical properties of rock.
  • CT scanning technology can intuitively, quantitatively and non-destructively measure the change process of the internal structure of geotechnical materials during the stress process.
  • existing CT scanning systems for rock samples all scan and analyze the crack morphology and failure law after the rock test is completed and taken out from the loading chamber.
  • the present invention provides a rock true triaxial test system and method integrating microscopic CT online scanning, which can perform 360° real-time CT scanning on rock samples during the high temperature and high pressure true triaxial test process, and also
  • the real-time CT scan of the rock sample inside the testing machine can be performed at any azimuth angle.
  • the real-time state image of the rock sample under the condition of high temperature and high pressure true triaxial stress can be generated to reveal the true triaxial stress of the rock material.
  • the real-time deformation and failure evolution law under stress state provides an important means for further revealing the mechanical properties of rock.
  • a true triaxial test system for rocks integrating microscopic CT online scanning including a true triaxial tester, an automatic turntable, a CT ray source, a CT detector, a control cabinet and a console
  • the true triaxial tester is arranged on the automatic turntable, the true triaxial tester is located in the middle of the CT ray source and the CT detector, the true triaxial tester is connected with the control cabinet through the gas-liquid pipeline, and the console is connected with the control cabinet.
  • Make electrical connections; the control cabinet is used to control the loading and unloading actions of the true triaxial tester;
  • the console is used to send control instructions to the true triaxial tester and the automatic turntable, and to store and process the CT ray source.
  • the true triaxial tester includes a first major principal stress actuator, a second major principal stress actuator, a first medium principal stress actuator, a second medium principal stress actuator, a loading bin, a clamping bin and The hydraulic oil tank; the hydraulic oil tank is fixedly installed on the automatic turntable, the loading bin is fixedly installed on the top of the hydraulic oil tank, and a clamping bin installation hole is vertically opened in the center of the loading bin, and the clamping bin is vertically fixed on the loading bin.
  • the first major stress actuator is vertically fixed on the top of the clamping chamber
  • the second major main stress actuator is vertically fixed at the bottom of the clamping chamber
  • the second major main stress actuator is vertically fixed at the bottom of the clamping chamber.
  • the force actuator is hidden and arranged inside the hydraulic oil tank; the first middle-principal stress actuator is horizontally fixed on the left side of the loading bin, and the second middle-principal stress actuator is horizontally fixed on the right side of the loading bin;
  • the clamping bin can be lifted vertically through a hydraulic lifting rod to expose the top of the loading bin;
  • a heating box is arranged in the center of the clamping bin, and the upper, lower, left and right sides of the heating box are all opened
  • There are loading holes, and each loading hole is provided with a pressure head, a heat insulation pad and a pressing block from the inside to the outside; the loading bin and the clamping bin are respectively provided with loading holes, and a spiral cooling is set in the loading hole.
  • the first major principal stress actuator, the second major principal stress actuator, the first middle principal stress actuator, and the second middle principal stress actuator are all directly connected to the pressure blocks in the respective corresponding loading holes Force fit;
  • a heating plate is arranged on the inner surface of the box plate at the bottom of the heating box, and the center of the heating box is used to place the assembled rock sample.
  • the automatic turntable includes a turntable bottom plate, a turntable box body, a turntable top plate, a turntable rotary plate, a rotary drive motor and a rotating shaft;
  • the turntable bottom plate is horizontally fixed on the ground, and the turntable box body is fixedly installed on the turntable bottom plate,
  • the turntable top plate is horizontally fixed on the top of the turntable box;
  • the rotary drive motor is vertically installed at the inner center of the turntable box, the motor shaft of the rotary drive motor faces upward, and the rotating shaft vertically passes through the turntable top plate,
  • the lower end of the rotating shaft rod is fixedly connected with the motor shaft of the rotary drive motor;
  • the turntable rotating plate is horizontally arranged above the turntable top plate, the upper end of the rotating shaft rod is fixedly connected with the turntable rotating plate, and the turntable rotating plate has a rotation relative to the turntable top plate.
  • Degree of freedom the hydraulic oil tank is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the rotary plate of the turntable.
  • the first major principal stress actuator, the second major principal stress actuator, the first medium principal stress actuator, the second medium principal stress actuator, the loading bin and the clamping bin are all made of polycarbonate
  • the materials of the bottom plate of the turntable, the box of the turntable, the top plate of the turntable, the rotating plate of the turntable and the rotating shaft are all rigid metal materials; the materials of the heating box and the heat insulation pad are all made of fiber paper + silicone resin high temperature pressing The composite board; the gas-liquid pipeline adopts flexible pipeline.
  • the rock sample is encapsulated by an interlocking fixture, and an LVDT displacement sensor for measuring the deformation of the rock sample in the major principal stress direction and the middle principal stress direction is installed on the interlocking fixture, and the interlocking fixture is connected to the interlocking fixture.
  • An LVDT displacement sensor for measuring the deformation in the direction of small principal stress of the rock sample is installed between the rock samples; the material of the interlocking clamp is polycarbonate or high-strength aluminum alloy.
  • the heating box adopts a combined assembly structure, and the front side box plate and the rear side box plate of the heating box are packaged and fixed by a through-length screw.
  • a rock true triaxial test method fused with microscopic CT online scanning adopts the rock true triaxial test system fused with microscopic CT online scanning, including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Encapsulate the prepared rock sample into the interlocking fixture, and install the LVDT displacement sensors in the three principal stress directions in place at the same time to finally form an assembly, and then send the assembly into the true triaxial tester. ;
  • Step 2 Complete the wiring connection of each sensor first, and then complete the packaging of the heating box
  • Step 3 Adjust the positions of the CT ray source and CT detector so that the CT ray source and CT detector face the rock sample at the center of the true triaxial tester;
  • Step 4 Arrange the gas-liquid pipeline to prevent the gas-liquid pipeline from being knotted when the true triaxial tester rotates;
  • Step 5 Turn on the power of the rotary drive motor, and turn on the power of the CT ray source and the CT detector at the same time;
  • Step 6 First control the true triaxial tester to apply confining pressure to the rock sample to the set value, then start the heating plate to make the ambient temperature of the rock sample reach the set value, and then control the true triaxial tester to apply the confining pressure to the rock sample. Simultaneously apply the intermediate principal stress and the maximum principal stress to the set value of the intermediate principal stress, and finally control the true triaxial tester to apply the axial load to the rock sample;
  • Step 7 First, set the rotation rate of the turntable rotary plate through the console, and at a specified time, the console will issue a start command to the rotary drive motor, and then the rotary drive motor will drive the turntable rotary plate to rotate at the set rotation rate, and drive The true triaxial tester on it rotates synchronously, and pay attention to the winding of the gas-liquid pipeline when rotating;
  • Step 8 During the rotation of the true triaxial tester, the rock sample at the center of the true triaxial tester is scanned online in real time through the CT ray source and the CT detector, and the scan data is recorded and stored by the console;
  • Step 9 When the true triaxial tester rotates once or reaches the set angle, turn off the rotary drive motor to stop the true triaxial tester from rotating;
  • Step 10 Control the true triaxial tester to rotate repeatedly, and continuously scan the rock sample at the center of the true triaxial tester in real time through the CT ray source and CT detector during the rotation of the true triaxial tester until the rock The sample loading test is over;
  • Step 11 Start the rotary drive motor in the reverse direction, control the true triaxial tester to rotate to the initial position at the set rotation rate, first unload the maximum principal stress and the intermediate principal stress, then turn off the heating plate, wait for the ambient temperature to return to normal temperature, and then Unload the confining pressure, and finally take out the rock sample;
  • Step 12 Perform image reconstruction according to the obtained scanning projection data, and obtain the deformation and internal crack state of the rock sample at any moment or under any stress state.
  • the rock true triaxial test system and method integrating micro-CT on-line scanning of the present invention can perform 360° real-time CT scanning on rock samples during the high temperature and high pressure true triaxial test process, and can also test the interior of the test machine at any azimuth angle.
  • the real-time CT scan of the rock sample is carried out.
  • the real-time state image of the rock sample under the condition of high temperature and high pressure true triaxial stress can be generated to reveal the real-time deformation and failure evolution law of the rock material under the true triaxial stress state. , which provides an important means for further revealing the mechanical properties of rock.
  • Fig. 1 is a top view of a rock true triaxial test system fused with micro-CT online scanning according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a true triaxial test system for rocks incorporating micro-CT online scanning according to the present invention (when the true triaxial tester rotates by 60°);
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of a rock true triaxial test system incorporating micro-CT online scanning according to the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of a rock true triaxial test system integrating micro-CT online scanning according to the present invention (control cabinet and console are not shown);
  • FIG. 6 is a front view (overall cross-section) of the assembly of the true triaxial tester and the automatic turntable of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a front view (overall cross-section) of the assembly of the loading bin, the clamping bin and the heating box of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a front view (partial cross-section) of the assembly of the heating box, the interlocking clamp, the rock sample, the LVDT displacement sensor, the indenter, the heat insulating pad and the pressing block of the present invention
  • 1 true triaxial tester
  • 2 automatic turntable
  • 3 CT ray source
  • 4 CT detector
  • 5 control cabinet
  • 6 console
  • 7 gas-liquid pipeline
  • 8 rock sample
  • 9 Interlocking clamp
  • 10 LVDT displacement sensor
  • 101 First principal stress actuator
  • 102 Second principal stress actuator
  • 103 First middle principal stress actuator
  • 104 Second Medium principal stress actuator
  • 105 loading chamber
  • 106 clamping chamber
  • 107 hydraulic oil tank
  • 108 heating box
  • 109 pressing head
  • 110 insulation pad
  • 111 pressing block
  • 112 heatating plate
  • 201 The bottom plate of the turntable
  • 202 the case of the turntable
  • 203 the top plate of the turntable
  • 204 the rotary plate of the turntable
  • 205 the rotary drive motor
  • 206 the rotating shaft.
  • a true triaxial rock test system integrating micro-CT online scanning includes a true triaxial tester 1, an automatic turntable 2, a CT ray source 3, a CT detector 4, a control cabinet 5 and a control Platform 6; the true triaxial tester 1 is arranged on the automatic turntable 2, the true triaxial tester 1 is located in the middle of the CT ray source 3 and the CT detector 4, and the true triaxial tester 1 passes through the gas-liquid pipeline 7 and the control cabinet 5 is connected, and the console 6 is electrically connected with the control cabinet 5; the control cabinet 5 is used to control the loading and unloading actions of the true triaxial tester 1;
  • the automatic turntable 2 sends control commands, and is used to store and process the CT scan data and images generated by the cooperation of the CT ray source 3 and the CT detector 4 .
  • the true triaxial tester 1 includes a first major principal stress actuator 101, a second major principal stress actuator 102, a first medium principal stress actuator 103, a second medium principal stress actuator 104, a load Tank 105, clamping tank 106 and hydraulic oil tank 107;
  • the hydraulic tank 107 is fixedly installed on the automatic turntable 2
  • the loading tank 105 is fixedly installed on the top of the hydraulic tank 107
  • a clamping tank installation hole is vertically opened in the center of the loading tank 105
  • the clamping chamber 106 is vertically fixed in the clamping chamber installation hole of the loading chamber 105;
  • the first major principal stress actuator 101 is vertically fixed on the top of the clamping chamber 106, and the second major principal stress acts as a
  • the actuator 102 is vertically fixed at the bottom of the clamping bin 106, and the second major stress actuator 102 is hidden and arranged inside the hydraulic oil tank 107;
  • the second middle-principal stress actuator 104 is fixed horizontally on the right side of the loading bin 105;
  • the loading chamber 105 and the clamping chamber 106 are respectively provided with loading holes, and a spiral cooling pipe is arranged in the loading holes;
  • the first major principal stress actuator 101, the second The two major principal stress actuators 102 , the first middle principal stress actuator 103 , and the second middle principal stress actuator 104 all directly cooperate with the pressing blocks 111 in their corresponding loading holes;
  • a heating plate 112 is provided on the inner surface of the bottom box plate, and the center of the heating box 108 is used to place the assembled rock sample 8 .
  • the automatic turntable 2 includes a turntable bottom plate 201, a turntable box body 202, a turntable top plate 203, a turntable rotary plate 204, a rotary drive motor 205 and a rotating shaft 206;
  • the turntable bottom plate 201 is horizontally fixed on the ground, and the turntable box
  • the body 202 is fixedly installed on the turntable bottom plate 201, the turntable top plate 203 is horizontally fixed on the top of the turntable case 202;
  • the rotary drive motor 205 is vertically installed at the inner center of the turntable case 202, and the motor shaft of the rotary drive motor 205 Upward, the rotating shaft 206 vertically passes through the turntable top plate 203, and the lower end of the rotating shaft 206 is fixedly connected with the motor shaft of the rotary drive motor 205;
  • the turntable rotating plate 204 is horizontally arranged above the turntable top plate 203, and the The upper end of the rotating shaft 206 is fixedly connected with the turntable revolving plate
  • the materials are all polycarbonate, and the materials of the turntable bottom plate 201 , the turntable box body 202 , the turntable top plate 203 , the turntable rotating plate 204 and the rotating shaft 206 are all rigid metal materials;
  • the material is a composite board made of fiber paper + silicone resin pressed at high temperature; the gas-liquid pipeline 7 is a flexible pipeline.
  • the rock sample 8 is encapsulated by an interlocking clamp 9, and an LVDT displacement sensor 10 for measuring the deformation of the rock sample 8 in the major principal stress direction and the middle principal stress direction is installed on the interlocking clamp 9.
  • An LVDT displacement sensor 10 is installed between the interlocking clamp 9 and the rock sample 8 for measuring the deformation in the direction of small principal stress of the rock sample 8; the material of the interlocking clamp 9 is polycarbonate or high-strength aluminum alloy.
  • the heating box 108 adopts a combined assembly structure, and the front side box plate and the rear side box plate of the heating box 108 are packaged and fixed by a through-length screw.
  • a rock true triaxial test method fused with microscopic CT online scanning adopts the rock true triaxial test system fused with microscopic CT online scanning, including the following steps:
  • Step 1 The prepared rock sample 8 with a size of 35mm ⁇ 35mm ⁇ 70mm is packaged into the interlocking fixture 9, and the LVDT displacement sensors 10 in the three principal stress directions are installed in place at the same time, and finally a combination is formed. Send the assembly into the true triaxial tester 1;
  • Step 2 Complete the wiring connection of each sensor first, and then complete the packaging of the heating box 108;
  • Step 3 Adjust the positions of the CT ray source 3 and the CT detector 4 so that the CT ray source 3 and the CT detector 4 are directly opposite the rock sample 8 at the center of the true triaxial tester 1;
  • Step 4 Arrange the gas-liquid pipeline 7 to prevent the gas-liquid pipeline 7 from being knotted when the true triaxial tester 1 rotates;
  • Step 5 Turn on the power of the rotary drive motor 205, and turn on the power of the CT ray source 3 and the CT detector 4 at the same time;
  • Step 6 First control the true triaxial tester 1 to apply confining pressure to the rock sample 8 to the set value, then start the heating plate 112 to make the ambient temperature of the rock sample 8 reach the set value, and then control the true triaxial tester 1. Simultaneously apply the intermediate principal stress and the maximum principal stress to the rock sample 8 to the set value of the intermediate principal stress, and finally control the true triaxial tester 1 to apply an axial load to the rock sample 8;
  • Step 7 First set the rotation rate of the turntable rotating plate 204 through the console 6, and at a predetermined time, the console 6 sends a start command to the rotating drive motor 205, and then the rotating drive motor 205 drives the turntable rotating plate 204 to rotate according to the setting The speed is rotated, and the true triaxial tester 1 on it is driven to rotate synchronously.
  • the console 6 sends a start command to the rotating drive motor 205, and then the rotating drive motor 205 drives the turntable rotating plate 204 to rotate according to the setting The speed is rotated, and the true triaxial tester 1 on it is driven to rotate synchronously.
  • Step 8 During the rotation process of the true triaxial tester 1, the rock sample 8 at the center of the true triaxial tester 1 is scanned online in real time through the CT ray source 3 and the CT detector 4, and the scanning data is carried out by the console 6 recording and storage;
  • Step 9 When the true triaxial tester 1 rotates for one week or to a set angle, turn off the rotary drive motor 205 to stop the true triaxial tester 1 from rotating;
  • Step 10 Control the true triaxial tester 1 to rotate repeatedly, and continuously perform the CT ray source 3 and the CT detector 4 on the rock sample 8 at the center of the true triaxial tester 1 during the rotation of the true triaxial tester 1. Real-time online scanning until the end of the loading test of rock sample 8;
  • Step 11 Start the rotary drive motor 205 in the reverse direction, control the true triaxial tester 1 to rotate to the initial position at the set rotation rate, first unload the maximum principal stress and the intermediate principal stress, then turn off the heating plate 112, and wait for the ambient temperature to return to normal temperature Then, unload the confining pressure, and finally take out the rock sample 8;
  • Step 12 Perform image reconstruction according to the obtained scanning projection data, and obtain the deformation and internal crack state of the rock sample 8 at any moment or under any stress state.

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Abstract

一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统及方法，系统包括真三轴试验仪（1）、自动转盘（2）、CT射线源（3）、CT探测器（4）、控制柜（5）及控制台（6）；真三轴试验仪（1）设在自动转盘（2）上，真三轴试验仪（1）位于CT射线源（3）与CT探测器（4）中间，真三轴试验仪（1）通过气液管线（7）与控制柜（5）相连，控制台（6）与控制柜（5）电连接。方法为：封装岩石试样（8）并送入真三轴试验仪（1）内，调整CT射线源（3）和CT探测器（4）位置，接通各设备电源，加载围压和温度后施加轴向载荷，启动自动转盘（2）使真三轴试验仪（1）转动，通过CT射线源（3）和CT探测器（4）对真三轴试验仪（1）中心处的岩石试样（8）实时在线扫描，对扫描数据记录和存储；真三轴试验仪（1）旋转设定角度后复位，重复旋转并扫描；真三轴试验仪（1）复位，降温后卸载轴向载荷和围压，根据扫描数据图像重建。

Description

一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统及方法 技术领域
本发明属于岩石力学与工程技术领域，特别是涉及一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统及方法。
 背景技术
在岩石力学领域中，岩石试样的力学试验占有及其重要的地位，并且在岩石力学研究中发挥了不可或缺的作用。岩石力学领域中拥有多种试验方法，包括单轴试验、常规三轴试验和真三轴试验，而真三轴试验是探究岩石力学性质的重要方式，其在岩石力学领域中有着不可替代的作用。
在真三轴试验中，岩石试样处于密闭的真三轴试验机内，不能实时观察和分析岩石试样在某一应力条件下的状态，只能在试验后分析其破坏形式或裂纹状态。并且在采用典型的真三轴试验系统时，还不能分析在试验过程中岩石试样的裂隙拓展过程和各个应力状态下试样的实时变化。然而，在岩石力学试验过程中，各个时刻的状态和实时演变的过程对揭露岩石力学性质具有重要的意义。
为此，通过CT扫描技术便可以直观、定量和无损地测量岩土材料在受力过程中内部结构的变化过程。但是，现有的岩石试样CT扫描系统均是在岩石试验完成并从加载仓取出后，再进行扫描并分析其裂纹形态和破坏规律的。
 技术解决方案
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统及方法，能够在高温高压真三轴试验过程中对岩石试样进行360°实时CT扫描，还可以在任意方位角下对试验机内部的岩石试样进行实时CT扫描，通过图像重建技术，可生成高温高压真三轴应力条件下岩石试样实时状态图像，用以揭露岩石材料在真三轴应力状态下的实时变形和破坏演化规律，为进一步揭示岩石力学性质提供了重要手段。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统，包括真三轴试验仪、自动转盘、CT射线源、CT探测器、控制柜及控制台；所述真三轴试验仪设置在自动转盘上，真三轴试验仪位于CT射线源与CT探测器中间，真三轴试验仪通过气液管线与控制柜相连，所述控制台与控制柜进行电连接；所述控制柜用于控制真三轴试验仪的加卸载动作；所述控制台用于向真三轴试验仪和自动转盘发送控制指令，以及用于存储和处理由CT射线源和CT探测器配合工作产生的CT扫描数据和图像。
所述真三轴试验仪包括第一大主应力作动器、第二大主应力作动器、第一中主应力作动器、第二中主应力作动器、加载仓、夹持仓及液压油箱；所述液压油箱固定安装在自动转盘上，所述加载仓固定安装在液压油箱顶部，在加载仓中心竖直开设有夹持仓安装孔道，所述夹持仓竖直固装在加载仓的夹持仓安装孔道内；所述第一大主应力作动器竖直固装在夹持仓顶部，所述第二大主应力作动器竖直固装在夹持仓底部，且第二大主应力作动器隐藏设置在液压油箱内部；所述第一中主应力作动器水平固装在加载仓左侧部，所述第二中主应力作动器水平固装在加载仓右侧部；所述夹持仓可通过液压提升杆沿竖直方向上升并出露加载仓的顶部；在所述夹持仓中心设置有加热箱，在加热箱的上、下、左、右四面箱壁上均开设有加载孔，每个加载孔内由内至外均分别设置有压头、隔热垫及压块；所述加载仓和夹持仓分别设置有加载孔，并在加载孔内设置有螺旋形冷却管；所述第一大主应力作动器、第二大主应力作动器、第一中主应力作动器、第二中主应力作动器均直接与各自对应加载孔内的压块施力配合；在所述加热箱底部箱板内表面设置有加热板，加热箱中心用于放置装配好的岩石试样。
所述自动转盘包括转盘底板、转盘箱体、转盘顶板、转盘回转板、回转驱动电机及旋转轴杆；所述转盘底板水平固装在地面上，所述转盘箱体固定安装在转盘底板上，所述转盘顶板水平固装在转盘箱体顶部；所述回转驱动电机竖着安装在转盘箱体内部中心处，回转驱动电机的电机轴朝上，所述旋转轴杆竖直穿过转盘顶板，旋转轴杆下端与回转驱动电机的电机轴相固连；所述转盘回转板水平设置在转盘顶板上方，所述旋转轴杆上端与转盘回转板相固连，转盘回转板相对于转盘顶板具有回转自由度；所述液压油箱固装在转盘回转板上表面。
所述第一大主应力作动器、第二大主应力作动器、第一中主应力作动器、第二中主应力作动器、加载仓及夹持仓的材质均为聚碳酸酯，所述转盘底板、转盘箱体、转盘顶板、转盘回转板及旋转轴杆的材质均为刚性金属材料；所述加热箱及隔热垫的材质均为纤维纸+有机硅树脂高温压制而成的复合板；所述气液管线采用柔性管线。
所述岩石试样由互扣式夹具进行封装，在互扣式夹具上安装有用于测量岩石试样在大主应力方向和中主应力方向变形量的LVDT位移传感器，且在互扣式夹具与岩石试样之间安装有用于测量岩石试样小主应力方向变形量的LVDT位移传感器；所述互扣式夹具的材质为聚碳酸酯或高强铝合金。
所述加热箱采用组合式拼装结构，加热箱的前侧箱板和后侧箱板由贯穿式通长螺杆进行封装固定。
一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验方法，采用了所述的融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将制备好的岩石试样封装到互扣式夹具内，同时将三个主应力方向上的LVDT位移传感器安装到位，最终形成组合体，随后将组合体送入真三轴试验仪内；
步骤二：先完成各传感器的接线连接，然后完成加热箱的封装；
步骤三：调整CT射线源和CT探测器的位置，使CT射线源和CT探测器与真三轴试验仪中心处的岩石试样正对；
步骤四：整理气液管线，防止真三轴试验仪旋转时发生气液管线打结；
步骤五：接通回转驱动电机电源，同时接通CT射线源和CT探测器的电源；
步骤六：先控制真三轴试验仪向岩石试样施加围压至设定值，然后启动加热板使岩石试样所处环境温度达到设定值，再控制真三轴试验仪向岩石试样同步施加中间主应力和最大主应力至中间主应力设定值，最后控制真三轴试验仪向岩石试样施加轴向载荷；
步骤七：先通过控制台设定转盘回转板的旋转速率，并在规定时刻由控制台向回转驱动电机发达启动指令，进而由回转驱动电机驱动转盘回转板按设定旋转速率进行转动，并带动其上的真三轴试验仪同步转动，旋转时注意观察气液管线的缠绕情况；
步骤八：在真三轴试验仪旋转过程中，通过CT射线源和CT探测器对真三轴试验仪中心处的岩石试样进行实时在线扫描，扫描数据由控制台进行记录和存储；
步骤九：当真三轴试验仪旋转一周后或旋转到设定角度时，关闭回转驱动电机，使真三轴试验仪停止旋转；
步骤十：控制真三轴试验仪重复旋转，并且在真三轴试验仪旋转过程中持续通过CT射线源和CT探测器对真三轴试验仪中心处的岩石试样进行实时在线扫描，直到岩石试样加载试验结束；
步骤十一：反向启动回转驱动电机，以设定旋转速率控制真三轴试验仪回转到初始位置，先卸载最大主应力和中间主应力，再关闭加热板，待环境温度恢复常温后，再卸载围压，最后将岩石试样取出；
步骤十二：根据获得的扫描投影数据进行图像重建，可获得任一时刻或任一应力状态下的岩石试样变形及内部裂纹状态。
 有益效果
本发明的融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统及方法，能够在高温高压真三轴试验过程中对岩石试样进行360°实时CT扫描，还可以在任意方位角下对试验机内部的岩石试样进行实时CT扫描，通过图像重建技术，可生成高温高压真三轴应力条件下岩石试样实时状态图像，用以揭露岩石材料在真三轴应力状态下的实时变形和破坏演化规律，为进一步揭示岩石力学性质提供了重要手段。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统的俯视图；
图2为本发明的一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统的俯视图（真三轴试验仪旋转60°时）；
图3为本发明的一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统的正视图；
图4为本发明的一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统的侧视图（控制柜和控制台未示出）；
图5为本发明的真三轴试验仪的俯视图（局部剖视）；
图6为本发明的真三轴试验仪与自动转盘的装配体正视图（整体剖视）；
图7为本发明的加载仓、夹持仓及加热箱的装配体正视图（整体剖视）；
图8为本发明的加热箱、互扣式夹具、岩石试样、LVDT位移传感器、压头、隔热垫及压块的装配体正视图（局部剖视）；
图中，1—真三轴试验仪，2—自动转盘，3—CT射线源，4—CT探测器，5—控制柜，6—控制台，7—气液管线，8—岩石试样，9—互扣式夹具，10—LVDT位移传感器，101—第一大主应力作动器，102—第二大主应力作动器，103—第一中主应力作动器，104—第二中主应力作动器，105—加载仓，106—夹持仓，107—液压油箱，108—加热箱，109—压头，110—隔热垫，111—压块，112—加热板，201—转盘底板，202—转盘箱体，203—转盘顶板，204—转盘回转板，205—回转驱动电机，206—旋转轴杆。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
如图1～8所示，一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统，包括真三轴试验仪1、自动转盘2、CT射线源3、CT探测器4、控制柜5及控制台6；所述真三轴试验仪1设置在自动转盘2上，真三轴试验仪1位于CT射线源3与CT探测器4中间，真三轴试验仪1通过气液管线7与控制柜5相连，所述控制台6与控制柜5进行电连接；所述控制柜5用于控制真三轴试验仪1的加卸载动作；所述控制台6用于向真三轴试验仪1和自动转盘2发送控制指令，以及用于存储和处理由CT射线源3和CT探测器4配合工作产生的CT扫描数据和图像。
所述真三轴试验仪1包括第一大主应力作动器101、第二大主应力作动器102、第一中主应力作动器103、第二中主应力作动器104、加载仓105、夹持仓106及液压油箱107；所述液压油箱107固定安装在自动转盘2上，所述加载仓105固定安装在液压油箱107顶部，在加载仓105中心竖直开设有夹持仓安装孔道，所述夹持仓106竖直固装在加载仓105的夹持仓安装孔道内；所述第一大主应力作动器101竖直固装在夹持仓106顶部，所述第二大主应力作动器102竖直固装在夹持仓106底部，且第二大主应力作动器102隐藏设置在液压油箱107内部；所述第一中主应力作动器103水平固装在加载仓105左侧部，所述第二中主应力作动器104水平固装在加载仓105右侧部；所述夹持仓106可通过液压提升杆沿竖直方向上升并出露加载仓105的顶部；在所述夹持仓106中心设置有加热箱108，在加热箱108的上、下、左、右四面箱壁上均开设有加载孔，每个加载孔内由内至外均分别设置有压头109、隔热垫110及压块111；所述加载仓105和夹持仓106分别设置有加载孔，并在加载孔内设置有螺旋形冷却管；所述第一大主应力作动器101、第二大主应力作动器102、第一中主应力作动器103、第二中主应力作动器104均直接与各自对应加载孔内的压块111施力配合；在所述加热箱108底部箱板内表面设置有加热板112，加热箱108中心用于放置装配好的岩石试样8。
所述自动转盘2包括转盘底板201、转盘箱体202、转盘顶板203、转盘回转板204、回转驱动电机205及旋转轴杆206；所述转盘底板201水平固装在地面上，所述转盘箱体202固定安装在转盘底板201上，所述转盘顶板203水平固装在转盘箱体202顶部；所述回转驱动电机205竖着安装在转盘箱体202内部中心处，回转驱动电机205的电机轴朝上，所述旋转轴杆206竖直穿过转盘顶板203，旋转轴杆206下端与回转驱动电机205的电机轴相固连；所述转盘回转板204水平设置在转盘顶板203上方，所述旋转轴杆206上端与转盘回转板204相固连，转盘回转板204相对于转盘顶板203具有回转自由度；所述液压油箱107固装在转盘回转板204上表面。
所述第一大主应力作动器101、第二大主应力作动器102、第一中主应力作动器103、第二中主应力作动器104、加载仓105及夹持仓106的材质均为聚碳酸酯，所述转盘底板201、转盘箱体202、转盘顶板203、转盘回转板204及旋转轴杆206的材质均为刚性金属材料；所述加热箱108及隔热垫110的材质均为纤维纸+有机硅树脂高温压制而成的复合板；所述气液管线7采用柔性管线。
所述岩石试样8由互扣式夹具9进行封装，在互扣式夹具9上安装有用于测量岩石试样8在大主应力方向和中主应力方向变形量的LVDT位移传感器10，且在互扣式夹具9与岩石试样8之间安装有用于测量岩石试样8小主应力方向变形量的LVDT位移传感器10；所述互扣式夹具9的材质为聚碳酸酯或高强铝合金。
所述加热箱108采用组合式拼装结构，加热箱108的前侧箱板和后侧箱板由贯穿式通长螺杆进行封装固定。
一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验方法，采用了所述的融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将制备好的尺寸为35mm×35mm×70mm的岩石试样8封装到互扣式夹具9内，同时将三个主应力方向上的LVDT位移传感器10安装到位，最终形成组合体，随后将组合体送入真三轴试验仪1内；
步骤二：先完成各传感器的接线连接，然后完成加热箱108的封装；
步骤三：调整CT射线源3和CT探测器4的位置，使CT射线源3和CT探测器4与真三轴试验仪1中心处的岩石试样8正对；
步骤四：整理气液管线7，防止真三轴试验仪1旋转时发生气液管线7打结；
步骤五：接通回转驱动电机205电源，同时接通CT射线源3和CT探测器4的电源；
步骤六：先控制真三轴试验仪1向岩石试样8施加围压至设定值，然后启动加热板112使岩石试样8所处环境温度达到设定值，再控制真三轴试验仪1向岩石试样8同步施加中间主应力和最大主应力至中间主应力设定值，最后控制真三轴试验仪1向岩石试样8施加轴向载荷；
步骤七：先通过控制台6设定转盘回转板204的旋转速率，并在规定时刻由控制台6向回转驱动电机205发达启动指令，进而由回转驱动电机205驱动转盘回转板204按设定旋转速率进行转动，并带动其上的真三轴试验仪1同步转动，旋转时注意观察气液管线7的缠绕情况；
步骤八：在真三轴试验仪1旋转过程中，通过CT射线源3和CT探测器4对真三轴试验仪1中心处的岩石试样8进行实时在线扫描，扫描数据由控制台6进行记录和存储；
步骤九：当真三轴试验仪1旋转一周后或旋转到设定角度时，关闭回转驱动电机205，使真三轴试验仪1停止旋转；
步骤十：控制真三轴试验仪1重复旋转，并且在真三轴试验仪1旋转过程中持续通过CT射线源3和CT探测器4对真三轴试验仪1中心处的岩石试样8进行实时在线扫描，直到岩石试样8加载试验结束；
步骤十一：反向启动回转驱动电机205，以设定旋转速率控制真三轴试验仪1回转到初始位置，先卸载最大主应力和中间主应力，再关闭加热板112，待环境温度恢复常温后，再卸载围压，最后将岩石试样8取出；
步骤十二：根据获得的扫描投影数据进行图像重建，可获得任一时刻或任一应力状态下的岩石试样8变形及内部裂纹状态。
实施例中的方案并非用以限制本发明的专利保护范围，凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变更，均包含于本案的专利范围中。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统，其特征在于：包括真三轴试验仪、自动转盘、CT射线源、CT探测器、控制柜及控制台；所述真三轴试验仪设置在自动转盘上，真三轴试验仪位于CT射线源与CT探测器中间，真三轴试验仪通过气液管线与控制柜相连，所述控制台与控制柜进行电连接；所述控制柜用于控制真三轴试验仪的加卸载动作；所述控制台用于向真三轴试验仪和自动转盘发送控制指令，以及用于存储和处理由CT射线源和CT探测器配合工作产生的CT扫描数据和图像。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统，其特征在于：所述真三轴试验仪包括第一大主应力作动器、第二大主应力作动器、第一中主应力作动器、第二中主应力作动器、加载仓、夹持仓及液压油箱；所述液压油箱固定安装在自动转盘上，所述加载仓固定安装在液压油箱顶部，在加载仓中心竖直开设有夹持仓安装孔道，所述夹持仓竖直固装在加载仓的夹持仓安装孔道内；所述第一大主应力作动器竖直固装在夹持仓顶部，所述第二大主应力作动器竖直固装在夹持仓底部，且第二大主应力作动器隐藏设置在液压油箱内部；所述第一中主应力作动器水平固装在加载仓左侧部，所述第二中主应力作动器水平固装在加载仓右侧部；所述夹持仓可通过液压提升杆沿竖直方向上升并出露加载仓的顶部；在所述夹持仓中心设置有加热箱，在加热箱的上、下、左、右四面箱壁上均开设有加载孔，每个加载孔内由内至外均分别设置有压头、隔热垫及压块；所述加载仓和夹持仓分别设置有加载孔，并在加载孔内设置有螺旋形冷却管；所述第一大主应力作动器、第二大主应力作动器、第一中主应力作动器、第二中主应力作动器均直接与各自对应加载孔内的压块施力配合；在所述加热箱底部箱板内表面设置有加热板，加热箱中心用于放置岩石试样。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统，其特征在于：所述自动转盘包括转盘底板、转盘箱体、转盘顶板、转盘回转板、回转驱动电机及旋转轴杆；所述转盘底板水平固装在地面上，所述转盘箱体固定安装在转盘底板上，所述转盘顶板水平固装在转盘箱体顶部；所述回转驱动电机竖着安装在转盘箱体内部中心处，回转驱动电机的电机轴朝上，所述旋转轴杆竖直穿过转盘顶板，旋转轴杆下端与回转驱动电机的电机轴相固连；所述转盘回转板水平设置在转盘顶板上方，所述旋转轴杆上端与转盘回转板相固连，转盘回转板相对于转盘顶板具有回转自由度；所述液压油箱固装在转盘回转板上表面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统，其特征在于：所述第一大主应力作动器、第二大主应力作动器、第一中主应力作动器、第二中主应力作动器、加载仓及夹持仓的材质均为聚碳酸酯，所述转盘底板、转盘箱体、转盘顶板、转盘回转板及旋转轴杆的材质均为刚性金属材料；所述加热箱及隔热垫的材质均为纤维纸+有机硅树脂高温压制而成的复合板；所述气液管线采用柔性管线。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统，其特征在于：所述岩石试样由互扣式夹具进行封装，在互扣式夹具上安装有用于测量岩石试样在大主应力方向和中主应力方向变形量的LVDT位移传感器，且在互扣式夹具与岩石试样之间安装有用于测量岩石试样小主应力方向变形量的LVDT位移传感器；所述互扣式夹具的材质为聚碳酸酯或高强铝合金。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统，其特征在于：所述加热箱采用组合式拼装结构，加热箱的前侧箱板和后侧箱板由贯穿式通长螺杆进行封装固定。
  7. 一种融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验方法，采用了权利要求1所述的融合微观CT在线扫描的岩石真三轴试验系统，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    步骤一：将制备好的岩石试样封装到互扣式夹具内，同时将三个主应力方向上的LVDT位移传感器安装到位，最终形成组合体，随后将组合体送入真三轴试验仪内；
    步骤二：先完成各传感器的接线连接，然后完成加热箱的封装；
    步骤三：调整CT射线源和CT探测器的位置，使CT射线源和CT探测器与真三轴试验仪中心处的岩石试样正对；
    步骤四：整理气液管线，防止真三轴试验仪旋转时发生气液管线打结；
    步骤五：接通回转驱动电机电源，同时接通CT射线源和CT探测器的电源；
    步骤六：先控制真三轴试验仪向岩石试样施加围压至设定值，然后启动加热板使岩石试样所处环境温度达到设定值，再控制真三轴试验仪向岩石试样同步施加中间主应力和最大主应力至中间主应力设定值，最后控制真三轴试验仪向岩石试样施加轴向载荷；
    步骤七：先通过控制台设定转盘回转板的旋转速率，并在规定时刻由控制台向回转驱动电机发达启动指令，进而由回转驱动电机驱动转盘回转板按设定旋转速率进行转动，并带动其上的真三轴试验仪同步转动，旋转时注意观察气液管线的缠绕情况；
    步骤八：在真三轴试验仪旋转过程中，通过CT射线源和CT探测器对真三轴试验仪中心处的岩石试样进行实时在线扫描，扫描数据由控制台进行记录和存储；
    步骤九：当真三轴试验仪旋转一周后或旋转到设定角度时，关闭回转驱动电机，使真三轴试验仪停止旋转；
    步骤十：控制真三轴试验仪重复旋转，并且在真三轴试验仪旋转过程中持续通过CT射线源和CT探测器对真三轴试验仪中心处的岩石试样进行实时在线扫描，直到岩石试样加载试验结束；
    步骤十一：反向启动回转驱动电机，以设定旋转速率控制真三轴试验仪回转到初始位置，先卸载最大主应力和中间主应力，再关闭加热板，待环境温度恢复常温后，再卸载围压，最后将岩石试样取出；
    步骤十二：根据获得的扫描投影数据进行图像重建，可获得任一时刻或任一应力状态下的岩石试样变形及内部裂纹状态。
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