WO2022056874A1 - 数据传输方法、通信装置及存储介质 - Google Patents

数据传输方法、通信装置及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022056874A1
WO2022056874A1 PCT/CN2020/116312 CN2020116312W WO2022056874A1 WO 2022056874 A1 WO2022056874 A1 WO 2022056874A1 CN 2020116312 W CN2020116312 W CN 2020116312W WO 2022056874 A1 WO2022056874 A1 WO 2022056874A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
code block
code
retransmission
redundancy
information
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/116312
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English (en)
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张兴新
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to CA3193110A priority Critical patent/CA3193110A1/en
Priority to CN202510233545.5A priority patent/CN119921912A/zh
Priority to KR1020237012832A priority patent/KR20230066627A/ko
Priority to CN202080105304.8A priority patent/CN116114190B/zh
Priority to EP24210911.4A priority patent/EP4546685A3/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/116312 priority patent/WO2022056874A1/zh
Priority to EP20953732.3A priority patent/EP4203353B1/en
Priority to JP2023518019A priority patent/JP7739420B2/ja
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to CN202510227879.1A priority patent/CN120050006A/zh
Priority to BR112023004828A priority patent/BR112023004828A2/pt
Publication of WO2022056874A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022056874A1/zh
Priority to US18/185,988 priority patent/US12598023B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to JP2025089009A priority patent/JP2025129154A/ja
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1812Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
    • H04L1/1819Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ] with retransmission of additional or different redundancy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0057Block codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0061Error detection codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607Details of the supervisory signal
    • H04L1/1614Details of the supervisory signal using bitmaps
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607Details of the supervisory signal
    • H04L1/1664Details of the supervisory signal the supervisory signal being transmitted together with payload signals; piggybacking
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1812Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • H04L1/1896ARQ related signaling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053Allocation of signalling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals

Definitions

  • the method further includes: receiving first acknowledgement information from the receiving end, where the first acknowledgement information indicates a reception status of at least one of the N second code blocks.
  • the first redundancy code is obtained by performing Reed-Solomon forward error correction RS-FEC coding on the first payload
  • the second redundancy code is obtained from the ith second code block of the ith second code block.
  • the second load is obtained by CRC encoding with cyclic redundancy check.
  • the identifier of the second code block is indicated by the indication information in the second code block, so that the receiving end can determine which second code blocks have not been successfully received, and then send the first confirmation information to the transmitting end to trigger the The sender retransmits these second code blocks, and successfully retransmits part of the load in the first code block.
  • each code block type of each code block is indicated by the indication information of each second code block, so that the receiving end fails to receive a certain second code block and identifies the code block type of the second code block.
  • the receiving end does not need to wait for the second code block to be retransmitted, and can process the second code block successfully received later to reduce the processing delay.
  • the receiving end may not need to feed back the receiving state of the second code block to the transmitting end, and the reception is successful by default, thereby reducing the feedback overhead of the first acknowledgment information.
  • the code block type of at least one second code block located before the ith second code block is indicated by the indication information of the ith code block, so that the receiving end successfully receives the ith second code block block, the code block type of the second code block located before the i-th second code block can be determined, if the code block type of a second code block located before the i-th second code block is determined.
  • the receiving end does not need to wait for the second code block to be retransmitted, and can process the second code block successfully received later to reduce the processing delay.
  • the receiving end may not need to feed back the receiving state of the second code block to the transmitting end, and the reception is successful by default, thereby reducing the feedback overhead of the first acknowledgment information.
  • the data to be transmitted includes at least one data segment to be transmitted, wherein the length of each data segment to be transmitted in the at least one data segment to be transmitted is the sum of the length of the indication information and the length of the second redundancy code Integer multiples of and .
  • the length of each data segment to be transmitted in the second code block is set to be an integer multiple of the sum of the length of the indication information and the length of the second redundancy code, so that when the channel quality is good, for example,
  • the data to be transmitted can be placed in the position corresponding to the indication information and the second redundancy code to further improve the transmission efficiency of the data.
  • receiving the first acknowledgment information from the receiving end includes: receiving a third code block from the receiving end, where the third code block includes the first acknowledgment information and a third redundant code, and the third redundant code uses for error correction of the first confirmation information.
  • the receiving end can encode the first acknowledgment information and the data to be transmitted at the receiving end together to form a third code block, so that the sending end can use the data in the third code block.
  • the third redundancy code performs error correction on the first acknowledgment information, thereby ensuring the transmission stability of the first acknowledgment message. Since the error correction of the first confirmation information can be performed by using the third redundancy code, it is not necessary to perform error detection on the first confirmation information separately, thereby reducing the feedback overhead of the first confirmation information.
  • the method further includes: retransmitting at least one of the unsuccessfully received second code blocks among the N second code blocks to the receiving end according to the first acknowledgement information.
  • the receiving end may first use the first redundancy code to perform error correction on the first payload, thereby reducing transmission error bits in the first payload. Then use the second redundancy code of each second code block to perform error detection on each second code block, so as to determine which second code blocks among the N second code blocks are not successfully received, so that the transmission can be made.
  • the terminal retransmits these second code blocks instead of retransmitting the entire first code block, which improves the retransmission efficiency and realizes high reliability and low latency requirements for data transmission.
  • the above-mentioned data transmission method improves the reliability of data transmission in the field of vehicle-mounted communication, reduces the transmission delay, and meets the requirements for data transmission in the vehicle-mounted field.
  • the receiving end can indicate the second code blocks that are not successfully received among the N second code blocks through the first confirmation information, so that the transmitting end can retransmit these unsuccessfully received second code blocks according to the first confirmation information.
  • code block realizes retransmission of part of the load in the first code block, and improves retransmission efficiency.
  • the first redundancy code is obtained by performing Reed-Solomon forward error correction RS-FEC coding on the first payload
  • the second redundancy code is obtained from the ith second code block of the ith second code block.
  • the second load is obtained by CRC encoding with cyclic redundancy check.
  • the code block type of each code block is indicated by the indication information of each second code block
  • the receiving end fails to receive a certain second code block, and recognizes that the code block type of the second code block is In the case where retransmission is not supported, the second code block successfully received later can be processed in time to reduce the processing delay.
  • the receiving state of the second code block may not be fed back to the transmitting end, and the reception is successful by default, thereby reducing the feedback overhead of the first acknowledgment information.
  • the code block type of at least one second code block located before the ith second code block is indicated by the indication information of the ith code block
  • the code block type of the second code block located before the ith second code block can be determined, if it is determined that the code block type of a second code block located before the ith second code block is not Retransmission is supported, and the second code block is not successfully received, the receiving end does not need to wait for the second code block to be retransmitted, and can process the second code block successfully received later to reduce the processing delay.
  • the method of carrying the padding bits in the first code block can ensure that the transmission rate is always a fixed value, thereby ensuring the stability of data transmission.
  • the indication information in the ith second code block is also used to indicate that the data to be transmitted of the ith second code block is a padding bit, and the receiving end can determine that the ith second code block is invalid data, The second code block can be directly discarded to reduce the processing complexity.
  • the data to be transmitted includes at least one data segment to be transmitted, wherein the length of each data segment to be transmitted in the at least one data segment to be transmitted is the sum of the length of the indication information and the length of the second redundancy code Integer multiples of and .
  • sending the first confirmation information to the sender includes:
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, and the beneficial effects can be referred to the description of the first aspect and will not be repeated here.
  • the communication device has the function of implementing the behavior in the method example of the first aspect above. This function can be implemented by hardware or by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the communication device includes: a transceiver module for receiving a first code block from a transmitting end, the first code block includes a first load and a first redundancy code, and the first load includes N second codes block, the i-th second code block includes a second load and a second redundancy code, i is an integer from 1 to N, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the processing module is used for using the first redundancy code.
  • the residual code performs error correction on the first payload, and the second redundancy code is used for error detection on the second payload in the i-th second code block.
  • a computer program product includes: computer program code, when the computer program code is executed, the method performed by the sender in the above aspects is executed.
  • the present application provides a chip system, where the chip system includes a processor for implementing the functions of the sending end in the methods of the above aspects.
  • the system-on-a-chip further includes a memory for storing program instructions and/or data.
  • the chip system may be composed of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first code block according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second code block according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the transmitting end and the receiving end in the embodiments of the present application may be an MDC, a large vehicle-mounted screen, a central control screen, and various sensors.
  • the terminals communicate via cables.
  • the sensor includes a positioning system (the positioning system may be a GPS system, a Beidou system or other positioning systems), an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a radar (eg, lidar), a laser range finder, and Camera (eg, HD camera).
  • the sensors may also include sensors of the internal systems of the vehicle being monitored (eg, in-vehicle air quality monitors, fuel gauges, oil temperature gauges, etc.).
  • 326 input data units are the load of the RS code block, that is, valid data; 34 redundant units are the redundant codes of the RS code block, that is, invalid data, and 34 redundant units are the 326 input data units. Rowa field operation is obtained and used to correct 326 input data units.
  • the coefficients m 0 to m 325 represent 326-bit data to be transmitted, and each coefficient corresponds to a 10-bit unit.
  • RS-FEC coding provides an error correction mechanism for the data transmission process.
  • RS-FEC coding can only combat consecutive bit errors of maximum (N-K)/2*U. Once the number of consecutively erroneous bits in the RS code block exceeds (N-K)/2*U, the receiving end cannot restore the payload, and the transmitting end must retransmit the entire RS code block at this time. Since the entire RS code block contains a large number of bits, the entire retransmission process is relatively slow, and more bandwidth resources are occupied.
  • the sender and receiver agree on the generator polynomial in advance.
  • a CRC check code is generated; after the CRC check code is added to the input data bits, a CRC code block is obtained.
  • the input data is the load of the CRC code block, that is, valid data
  • the CRC check code is the redundancy code of the CRC code block, which is invalid data.
  • the receiving end uses the CRC check code to perform error detection on the payload of the CRC code block.
  • the local CRC check code is obtained. If the local CRC check code is the same as the received CRC check code, If the verification codes are the same, there is no error bit in the payload, otherwise there is an error bit in the payload.
  • CRC coding provides an error detection mechanism, but cannot correct data errors, and the CRC code block must be retransmitted once the transmission error occurs. During the whole process of data transmission, a large number of CRC code blocks are retransmitted, resulting in a large transmission delay.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication system includes a sending end 10 and a receiving end 20 .
  • a communication system may include one or more transmitters, and may also include one or more receivers.
  • FIG. 1 only shows two transmitters and one receiver, but does not limit the present application.
  • the receiving end 20 can first use the first redundancy code to correct the error of the first load to improve the transmission reliability of the first code block, and then use the second redundancy code of each second code block to correct each Error detection is performed on the second code block, and when an error is detected in a certain second code block, the sending end 10 may be instructed to retransmit the second code block. In this way, in the case of an error in the transmission of the first code block, the transmitting end 10 can only retransmit part of the data carried in the first code block, which improves the retransmission efficiency and reduces the transmission delay.
  • the technical solution of the present application can meet the requirements of high reliability and low delay for data transmission in the field of in-vehicle communication.
  • the first code block includes a first load and a first redundant code
  • the first load includes N second code blocks
  • the first redundant code is used to perform error correction on the first load
  • the second code block includes a second load and a second redundant code.
  • the second redundant code of the i-th second code block is used to perform error detection on the second load in the i-th second code block.
  • the value of i is The value is an integer from 1 to N (including 1 and N), that is, the i-th second code block can be any second code block in the N second code blocks, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1 .
  • the second payload in the i-th second code block includes indication information and data to be transmitted.
  • the indication information is used to indicate the identifier of the i-th second code block, and the identifier may uniquely correspond to a second code block within a certain time range. For example, if the value of the indication information is 0001, it indicates that the i-th second code block is the first second code block in the N second code blocks.
  • the receiving end can feed back the receiving state of each second code block in combination with the identifier of each second code block, so that the transmitting end can re-evaluate the receiving state of each second code block according to the receiving state.
  • To transmit the second code block that is not successfully received there is no need to retransmit the entire first code block, which improves the retransmission efficiency.
  • the indication information includes 4 bits. If the indication information is 0000, it indicates that the code block type of the second code block does not support retransmission. If the indication information is not 0000, it indicates The code block type of the second code block is retransmission support.
  • the indication information value of the second code block that supports retransmission can be coded in ascending order, and when the indication information value reaches the maximum value, automatically roll back to the minimum value to continue coding, so as to At the receiving end, the code block type of the second code block can be determined by the continuity of the values of the indication information.
  • the second code block that supports retransmission is transmitted for the first time, it is transmitted in sequence according to the value of the indication information from small to large.
  • the indication information of the first, third and fourth second code blocks can be The values are set to 0001, 0010 and 0011, and the code block type of the second code block is not supporting retransmission, then the value of the indication information of the second second code block can be set to 0000.
  • the receiving end successfully receives the first and third second code blocks, and fails to receive the second second code block, the first second code block and the third second code block If the value of the indication information is continuous, it is determined that the second second code block that is not successfully received is the second code block that does not support retransmission; the receiving end successfully receives the first second code block, the second In the case of the second code block and the fourth code block, and the third second code block is not successfully received, since the identifiers of the second second code block and the fourth second code block are discontinuous, it is possible to It is determined that the third second code block that is not successfully received supports retransmission, and the indication information takes a value of 0010.
  • the code block type of at least one second code block located before the i-th second code block may be indicated by means of a bitmap.
  • the indication information in the i-th second code block is used to indicate the code block types of the 3 second code blocks located in front of the i-th second code block
  • the 3 bits indicate the code block type of the 3 second code blocks.
  • the bit value is 1, it indicates that the code block type of the second code block corresponding to the bit supports retransmission, and when the bit value is 0, it indicates the second code block corresponding to the bit.
  • the block type of the block is retransmission supported. It should be noted that when the i-th second code block is the first second code block in the first code block of the first transmission, the values of these three bits can be all set to 0. It should be understood that 0 may also be used to indicate that retransmission is supported, and 1 to indicate that retransmission is not supported.
  • the indication information of each second code block may also be used to indicate the code block type of the N second code blocks, or, by selecting one of the N second code blocks
  • the indication information of or multiple second code blocks indicates code block types of the N second code blocks. After successfully receiving such second code blocks, the receiving end can obtain the code block types of the N second code blocks, which increases the flexibility of indicating the code block types.
  • meaningless bits can be filled to ensure that the transmission rate is always a fixed value, thereby ensuring transmission stability. If the receiving end recognizes that the data to be transmitted in the i-th second code block is all padding bits, the i-th second code block can be directly discarded to avoid subsequent processing and reduce processing complexity.
  • the receiving end can first use the first redundancy code to correct the error of the first load, so as to improve the reliability of the transmission of the first code block, and then use the second redundancy code of each second code block to correct each Error detection is performed on the second load of the second code block, and when a transmission error of a certain second code block is detected, the transmitting end may be instructed to retransmit the second code block.
  • the sender can retransmit part of the data carried in the first code block (the second code block with transmission errors), which improves the retransmission efficiency, reduces the transmission delay, and satisfies the It meets the requirements for high reliability and low latency of data transmission.
  • the transmitting end generates a first code block.
  • the transmitting end sends the first code block to the receiving end.
  • the receiving end receives the first code block.
  • the receiving end sends first confirmation information to the transmitting end.
  • the transmitting end receives the first confirmation information.
  • the receiving state of at least one of the N second code blocks may also be indicated in the first confirmation information by carrying the identifier of the second code block.
  • the first acknowledgment information may indicate the unsuccessfully received second code block among the N second code blocks, that is, only the identifier of the unsuccessfully received second code block may be carried in the first acknowledgment information. Indicates the second code blocks of the information, and these second code blocks are successfully received by default. In this way, the sender can determine which second code blocks have not been successfully received by using the identifiers of the second code blocks carried in the first acknowledgment information.
  • the identifier of the second code block may not be carried in the first acknowledgment information.
  • the receiving end sends a third code block to the transmitting end, wherein the third code block includes the first acknowledgement (Acknowledge character, ACK) information and a third redundancy code, that is, the third code block.
  • An ACK is included in the third code block, and the first ACK is encoded as a part of the third load of the third code block together with the data to obtain the third code block, and the encoding method of the third code block It is similar to the above-mentioned encoding method for the first code block (specific parameters may be different), and will not be described again. Therefore, the third redundancy code can be used to correct the errors of the first ACK. Since the third redundancy code is used to correct the error of the first ACK, the reliability in the transmission process of the first ACK is improved.
  • the receiving end sends the first ACK to the sending end, that is, the receiving end independently sends the first ACK to the sending end. That is, the first ACK is outside the third code block.
  • the receiving end may periodically send the first ACK to the transmitting end. In this way, the receiving end can flexibly send the first ACK to the sending end, and the process of obtaining the first ACK by the sending end is not affected by the third code block, that is, the sending end can obtain the first ACK without decoding the third code block.
  • the second code block that needs to be retransmitted is determined more quickly, which further improves the efficiency of retransmission and reduces the delay.
  • the transmitting end can retransmit all the second code blocks that were not successfully received to the receiving end, and when the bandwidth is insufficient, the transmitting end can retransmit the second code blocks that were not successfully received to the receiving end. one or more of.
  • the acknowledgement information indicates the reception status of at least one of the N second code blocks. It should be understood that if the receiving end also receives another first code block sent by the sending end before sending the second acknowledgment information to the sending end, the second acknowledgment information can also be used to indicate the other first code block The reception status of at least one second code block in .
  • the transmitting end has not retransmitted the unsuccessfully received second code block to the receiving end, and the receiving end will no longer send an acknowledgment to the transmitting end. information to indicate these unsuccessfully received second code blocks, and these unsuccessfully received second code blocks are discarded.
  • the transceiver module 1001 is configured to send the first code block to the receiving end.
  • the transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive a first code block from a transmitting end, the first code block includes a first load and a first redundancy code, the first load includes N second code blocks, and the i-th second code block includes the first code block. Two loads and a second redundancy code, the value of i is an integer from 1 to N, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
  • the processing module 1002 is configured to use the first redundancy code to perform error correction on the first load, and use the second redundancy code to perform error detection on the second load in the i-th second code block.
  • the communication device 1100 includes a processor 1101 and an interface circuit 1102 .
  • the processor 1101 and the interface circuit 1102 are coupled to each other.
  • the interface circuit 1102 can be a transceiver or an input-output interface.
  • the communication device 1100 may further include a memory 1103 for storing instructions executed by the processor 1101 or input data required by the processor 1101 to run the instructions or data generated after the processor 1101 runs the instructions.
  • processor in the embodiments of the present application may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), and may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (digital signal processors, DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • DSP digital signal processors
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.
  • the method steps in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented in a hardware manner, or may be implemented in a manner in which a processor executes software instructions.
  • Software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, and software modules can be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM) , PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable hard disks, CD-ROMs or known in the art in any other form of storage medium.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor, such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium can also be an integral part of the processor.
  • the processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC.
  • the ASIC can be located in either the receiving end or the transmitting end.
  • the processor and the storage medium may also exist in the receiving end or the transmitting end as discrete components.
  • a computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer program or instructions may be stored in or transmitted over a computer-readable storage medium.
  • a computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server that integrates one or more of the available media.
  • Useful media may be magnetic media such as floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes; optical media such as DVDs; and semiconductor media such as solid state disks (SSDs).
  • “at least one” means one or more, and “plurality” means two or more.
  • “And/or”, which describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicates that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can indicate: the existence of A alone, the existence of A and B at the same time, and the existence of B alone, where A, B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the related objects are a kind of "or” relationship; in the formula of this application, the character "/” indicates that the related objects are a kind of "division" Relationship.

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