WO2022052618A1 - 维修开关、维修开关的控制方法和电动汽车 - Google Patents

维修开关、维修开关的控制方法和电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022052618A1
WO2022052618A1 PCT/CN2021/106087 CN2021106087W WO2022052618A1 WO 2022052618 A1 WO2022052618 A1 WO 2022052618A1 CN 2021106087 W CN2021106087 W CN 2021106087W WO 2022052618 A1 WO2022052618 A1 WO 2022052618A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contact
maintenance switch
rod
shaped member
switch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/106087
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王鹏鹏
马爱国
武云龙
张顺
丘先威
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
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Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Publication of WO2022052618A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022052618A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/20—Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/16576—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 comparing DC or AC voltage with one threshold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of maintenance switches, in particular to a maintenance switch, a control method of the maintenance switch, and an electric vehicle.
  • the maintenance switch is used in the circuit system and is connected to the power supply circuit of the circuit system.
  • the circuit system needs to be repaired, it is necessary to manually turn off the maintenance switch to avoid electrification of the electrical equipment, which will bring safety hazards to the maintenance personnel; after the maintenance is completed, the maintenance personnel need to manually turn on the maintenance switch.
  • the connecting cable between the power battery of the electric vehicle and the high-voltage distribution box is generally connected in series with a maintenance switch, through which the on-off of the high-voltage electrical equipment can be controlled.
  • a maintenance switch through which the on-off of the high-voltage electrical equipment can be controlled.
  • the maintenance personnel need to manually turn off the maintenance switch, and after the maintenance is completed, the maintenance personnel need to manually turn on the maintenance switch.
  • the vehicle In the process of disconnecting or turning on the maintenance switch, the vehicle is required to be turned off and not charged. If the maintenance switch is disconnected or turned on when the vehicle is not turned off or is being charged, the maintenance switch and cables will be burnt out in light of the worst case. The sparks will cause the cables to catch fire, endangering the safety of the vehicle, the surrounding environment and personnel.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to overcome the above technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a technical solution that can effectively improve the operational safety of the maintenance switch.
  • the present disclosure provides a maintenance switch, the maintenance switch comprising:
  • a first structure the first structure includes a first contact and a second contact connected in series on a power supply line, the first contact and the second contact are connected to the power supply line in an electrical connection state , and disconnect the power supply line in an electrically disconnected state;
  • a second structure for detachably connecting with the first contact and/or the second contact to electrically connect the first contact and the second contact in a connected state head, and electrically disconnect the first contact and the second contact in the separated state;
  • a voltage detection unit configured to detect the voltage value on the first contact and/or the second contact
  • control unit configured to send a locking instruction when the voltage value exceeds a safe value
  • the action execution unit is used for locking the second structure when receiving the locking instruction, so as to refuse to release the original connection between the second structure and the first contact and the second contact Stateful.
  • the present disclosure provides a control method for a maintenance switch, the maintenance switch comprising:
  • a first structure the first structure has a first contact and a second contact connected in series on the power supply line, and the first contact and the second contact are connected to the power supply in an electrical connection state line, and disconnect the power supply line in an electrically disconnected state;
  • a second structure for detachably connecting with the first contact and/or the second contact to electrically connect the first contact and the second contact in a connected state head, and electrically disconnect the first contact and the second contact in the separated state;
  • the control method includes:
  • the second structure When receiving the locking instruction, the second structure is locked to refuse to release the original state between the second structure and the first contact and the second contact.
  • the present disclosure provides an electric vehicle, the electric vehicle includes a maintenance switch, and the maintenance switch is the maintenance switch described in the first aspect of the disclosure.
  • the maintenance switch provided by the present disclosure includes a first structure and a second structure, the first structure includes a first contact and a second contact connected in series on a power supply line, and the second structure can connect or disconnect the first contact and the second contact.
  • the second contact; the maintenance switch detects the voltage value on the first contact or the second contact through the voltage detection unit. When the voltage value exceeds the safe value, it means that the connection between the first structure and the second structure is changed at this time.
  • the state may cause safety hazards; at this time, the control unit in the maintenance switch sends a locking instruction to lock the second structure, preventing the original connection state or original disconnection state between the second structure and the first structure from changing. Therefore, the maintenance switch can be prevented from being turned on or off in a dangerous state, and the operation safety of the maintenance switch can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a hardware block diagram of a maintenance switch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a maintenance switch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a maintenance switch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first structure of a maintenance switch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a second structure of a maintenance switch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a side view of the second structure of the maintenance switch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of a maintenance switch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an action execution mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a side view of an action executing mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a control method for a maintenance switch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a control principle diagram of a maintenance switch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a structural block diagram of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a maintenance switch
  • the maintenance switch includes: a first structure 1 , the first structure 1 includes a contact 8 (including a first structure 1) connected in series on a power supply line contact 81 and second contact 82), the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 connect the power supply line in an electrically connected state, and disconnect the power supply in an electrically disconnected state circuit; second structure 2 for detachably connecting with said first contact 81 and/or said second contact 82 to electrically connect said first contact in a connected state 81 and the second contact 82, and electrically disconnect the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 in the separated state; the voltage detection unit 5 is used to detect the first contact 81 and the second contact 82.
  • the control unit 4 for sending a lock instruction when the voltage value exceeds a safe value
  • the action execution unit 3 for receiving the lock
  • the maintenance switch is widely used in various circuit systems, including but not limited to the circuit systems of vehicles, machine tools, distribution transformers and other equipment; the power supply line is a section of wire in the circuit system, and the position of the wire can be based on actual needs. selection, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 are both electrical conductors, which are connected in series in the power supply line and insulated from each other. There are various ways of insulating, for example, the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 are spaced apart from each other, and the insulating medium between them is air. In addition, the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 can also be insulated by other insulating media, such as plastic, rubber, and the like.
  • the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 insulated from each other are connected in series on the power supply line, and the power supply line can be electrically disconnected. Further, by controlling the electrical connection state between the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 through other elements, the on-off state of the power supply line where the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 are located can be changed.
  • the electrical connection state between the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 of the first structure 1 is controlled by the second structure 2 .
  • the second structure 2 includes electrical conductors, which can be inseparably connected with the first contacts 81 and detachably connected with the second contacts 82 ; they can also be connected with the second contacts 82 . It is inseparably connected and detachably connected with the first contact 81; it can also be detachably connected with the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 at the same time.
  • one end of the conductor may be hingedly connected to the first contact 81 and electrically connected to each other, and the other end may be detachably connected to the second contact 82 .
  • Operating the conductor can make the conductor rotate with the hinge point as the fulcrum.
  • the conductor rotates to contact the second contact 82, the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 are electrically connected to each other through the conductor;
  • the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 are electrically disconnected from each other.
  • the conductor can be hinged and electrically connected to the second contact 82 , and the other end of the conductor can be detachably connected to the first contact 81 , and the conductor is connected to the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 .
  • the principle of action between the two is similar to that of the previous embodiment, and details are not repeated here.
  • the conductor can be detachably connected to the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 at the same time.
  • the conductor is electrically connected to the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 at the same time, the first contact is realized.
  • the electrical connection between the contact 81 and the second contact 82 when the electrical conductor is separated from the first contact 81 and the second contact 82, realizes the electrical disconnection between the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 open.
  • the above-mentioned electrical connection refers to a conductive connection.
  • the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 may not be electrified, whether electrification depends on whether the power supply line is fully connected.
  • the voltage detection unit 5 is used to detect the voltage value on the first contact 81 and/or the second contact 82 . Specifically, it is taken as an example that the original state between the first structure 1 and the second structure 2 is in the connected state.
  • the second structure 2 is connected to the first contact 81 and the second contact 82, in order to avoid safety accidents such as fire and discharge during the process of separating the second structure 2, it is necessary to detect the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 to ensure that the voltage value V1 on the first contact 81 and the voltage V2 on the second contact 82 are below the safe value. Since the voltage V1 on the first contact 81 is equal to the voltage V2 on the second contact 82.
  • the voltage detection unit 5 may select any one of the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 for voltage detection, or may simultaneously detect the voltages on the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 .
  • the connection causes a fire discharge, which requires the voltage values on the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 to be below a safe value at the same time. Since the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 are currently in an electrically disconnected state, the voltage value V1 on the first contact 81 and the voltage value V2 on the second contact 82 may not be equal.
  • the voltage The detection unit 5 needs to detect the voltage V1 on the first contact 81 and the voltage V2 on the second contact 82 to ensure the voltage value V1 on the first contact 81 and the voltage on the second contact 82.
  • the values V2 are all below the safe value.
  • the voltage detection unit 5 can directly detect the voltage value on the first contact 81 and/or the second contact 82 through the voltage acquisition unit connected to the first contact 81 and/or the second contact 82 , the voltage value on the first contact 81 and/or the second contact 82 can also be indirectly detected through the voltage detection unit 5 connected to other components of the circuit system, which means that the voltage detection unit 5 may be close to the first structure 1, and possibly away from the first structure 1.
  • the voltage detection unit 5 may include, for example, a sampling resistor and an ammeter. Taking the voltage detection unit 5 directly connected to the first contact 81 or the second contact 82 as an example, the sampling resistor can be connected to the first contact 81 or the second contact 82 at one end and the input end of the ammeter at the other end. The output terminal is grounded.
  • the resistance value of the sampling resistor, I is the current value detected by the ammeter.
  • a voltage detection unit 5 is respectively disposed on the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 , so that the voltage values on the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 can be obtained respectively.
  • the control unit 4 has a signal input terminal for receiving the voltage value detected by the voltage detection unit 5, and compares the voltage value with the safety value, and sends a locking instruction when the voltage value exceeds the safety value.
  • the safety value can be preset and stored in the storage module of the control unit 4, for example, the control unit 4 can automatically judge and send the locking instruction, or it can be a reference value input later manually, so that the control unit 4 can be manually operated.
  • the locking action of the control action execution unit 3 is controlled.
  • the control unit 4 can be a local microprocessor, such as a single-chip microcomputer, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic controller, etc., or a remotely set computer, mobile phone, tablet computer, cloud server, and the like. In other words, the control unit 4, the voltage detection unit 5 and the action execution unit 3 can be connected by local communication or remote communication.
  • the voltage value of the maintenance switch on the first contact 81 and/or the second contact 82 can be locked when the voltage value exceeds the safety value, so that the maintenance switch cannot be operated in the closed state. Operation to open or pull out can also make the maintenance switch unable to be closed or inserted in the open or unplugged state, thus ensuring the operation safety of the maintenance switch and preventing damage to the maintenance switch and cables due to unsafe live operation. catch fire.
  • the specific value of the security value can be set according to actual needs. Taking the maintenance switch in the vehicle as an example, according to the provisions of Article 5.1.3.3 “Requirements for Connectors” and Article 5.1.3.4 “Requirements for High Voltage Maintenance Disconnect Devices” in the national standard GB18384-2020, in order to make the maintenance switch in the vehicle
  • the opening or plugging meets the safety requirements, it is required that the live AC voltage on the first contact 81 and/or the second contact 82 is reduced to not more than 30V (ac) (rms), and the first contact 81 and/or Or when the live DC voltage on the second contact 82 is reduced to not more than 60V (dc), the maintenance switch can be opened or pulled out.
  • the B-level voltage live part is the live part divided according to the maximum working voltage.
  • Article 4 "Voltage Class" in the national standard GB18384-2020 stipulates that according to the maximum working voltage, electrical components or circuits are divided into A voltage class and B voltage class, where the maximum DC working voltage U of A voltage class is 0V ⁇ U ⁇ 60V; the maximum AC working voltage U is 0V ⁇ U ⁇ 30V; the maximum DC working voltage of the B voltage level is 60V ⁇ U ⁇ 1500V; the maximum AC working voltage is 30V ⁇ U ⁇ 1000V.
  • the conductive connection circuit does not completely belong to the B-level voltage circuit, and only the part that operates at the B-level voltage is recognized as a B-level voltage circuit.
  • the action execution unit 3 is used for locking the second structure 2 when receiving the locking instruction. After the second structure 2 is locked, the original state between the second structure 2 and the first and second contacts 81 and 82 cannot be changed without using an external tool.
  • the original state between the second structure 2 and the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 includes the original connection state or the original separation state between the second structure 2 and the first contact 81 , and the second structure The original connection state or the original separation state between 2 and the second contact 82; wherein, the connection state indicates the electrical connection state, and the separation state indicates the electrical disconnection state.
  • control unit 4 is further configured to send an unlocking signal when the voltage value on the first contact 81 and/or the second contact 82 is less than or equal to a safe value instruction;
  • action execution unit 3 is further configured to unlock the second structure 2 when receiving the unlocking instruction, so as to allow the second structure 2 to be released from the first contact 81 and/or the The original state between the second contacts 82 .
  • the control unit 4 sends an unlock command to allow Turns the service switch on or off so that the electrical equipment in the circuit system can be serviced.
  • one end of the second structure 2 can be hinged and electrically connected to one of the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 , and the other end is connected to the first contact 81 and the second contact
  • the other of 82 is a detachable connection.
  • the second structure 2 and the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 are originally in an electrical connection state, after the action execution unit 3 unlocks the second structure 2, and operates the second structure 2, the second structure 2 can be connected to the second structure 2.
  • One of the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 maintains the hinged electrical connection, but separates the second structure 2 from the other of the first contact 81 and the second contact 82, thereby electrically disconnecting the first contact Contact 81 and second contact 82 .
  • the second structure 2 and the first contact 81 or the second contact 82 are originally separated, when the action execution unit 3 unlocks the second structure 2 and operates the second structure 2 , the second structure 2 and the first contact can be separated.
  • the contacts 81 or the second contacts 82 are electrically connected.
  • the second structure 2 when the second structure 2 is originally electrically connected to the first contact 81, but is separated from the second contact 82, after unlocking, the second structure 2 can be electrically reconnected to the second contact 82; when the second structure 2 When it is originally separated from the first contact 81, but is electrically connected to the second contact 82, after unlocking, the second structure 2 can be electrically connected to the first contact 81 again;
  • the second structure 2 can also be detachably connected to the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 at the same time. At this time, when the second structure 2 is originally separated from the first contact 81 and the second contact 82, the unlocking is performed. After that, operating the second structure 2 can reconnect the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 electrically. When the second structure 2 is originally connected with the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 , after unlocking, the second structure 2 can be separated from the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 by operating the second structure 2 .
  • the action execution unit 3 is used to execute the action of locking or unlocking the second structure 2 , and there are various ways of locking or unlocking, such as mechanical stop, electromagnetic attraction and so on.
  • the second structure 2 is unlocked or locked by means of a mechanical stop.
  • the action execution unit 3 includes: a locking portion, which can move between a first position and a second position, so as to lock the second structure 2 in the first position, And in the second position, the second structure 2 is unlocked; the driving part is used for driving the locking part to move between the first position and the second position.
  • the locking portion can be, for example, a baffle plate that rotates around a fulcrum.
  • the baffle plate When the baffle plate is rotated to the moving path of the second structure 2, it can block the movement of the second structure 2, thereby avoiding the contact between the second structure 2 and the first structure 1.
  • the connection state or separation state when the baffle is withdrawn from the moving path of the second structure 2 , the connection state or separation state between the second structure 2 and the first structure 1 can be allowed to change.
  • the moving path of the second structure 2 refers to the spatial position through which the second structure 2 must move in order to realize the separation or combination with the first structure 1 . When the spatial position is occupied or blocked, the second structure 2 will The connection state with the first structure 1 cannot be changed, and the original state can only be maintained.
  • the locking portion can be driven by a drive motor, and the baffle plate can be vertically fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor, so that when the output shaft of the drive motor rotates, the baffle plate can be driven to rotate.
  • the locking portion may also be a rod-shaped member 17, and the rod-shaped member 17 can translate axially to move between the first position and the second position; when the rod When the rod-shaped member 17 moves to the first position, it blocks the moving path of the second structure 2 , and when the rod-shaped member 17 moves to the second position, it withdraws from the moving path of the second structure 2 .
  • the driving component generally includes a driving motor, but the movement of the output shaft of the driving motor is axial rotation.
  • the driving part further includes a transmission mechanism, through which the driving force provided by the driving motor is transmitted to the rod-shaped member 17, thereby driving the rod-shaped member 17 to translate axially.
  • the transmission mechanism capable of converting the axial rotation of the output shaft of the driving motor into the axial translation of the rod-shaped member 17 .
  • one end of the rod-shaped member 17 can be made into a rack structure, or the rod-shaped member 17 can be fixed on the rack along the length direction of the rack, and a gear can be coaxially fixed on the output shaft of the drive motor, and the gears can mesh with the teeth. bar, so that an axial rotation of the output shaft of the drive motor can be converted into an axial translation of the rod-shaped member 17 .
  • the transmission mechanism includes a cam and a gear that mesh with each other, and the cam and the gear are respectively connected to the rod-shaped member 17 and the output shaft of the driving motor, so as to drive the driving motor to the output shaft.
  • An axial rotation of the output shaft is converted into an axial translation of said rod-like member 17 .
  • the second structure 2 and the rod-shaped member 17 can cooperate in various ways. In some simpler embodiments, as long as the rod-shaped member 17 can block The moving path of the second structure 2 is sufficient, and in this case, the specific structural form of the second structure 2 can be arbitrary.
  • the second structure 2 may be formed as a rod-shaped conductor, one end of the rod-shaped conductor is hinged with the first contact 81 and the other end is detachably connected with the second contact 82, and the rod-shaped member 17 may be in the second structure 2.
  • the rod-shaped member 17 extends to the moving path of the second structure 2, it can block the separation or combination between the second structure 2 and the second contact 82, and avoid the second structure 2 and the second contact 82.
  • the original connection state between the two contacts 82 is changed.
  • the rod-shaped member 17 withdraws from the moving path of the second structure 2
  • the second structure 2 can be connected or separated from the second contact 82 . .
  • the rod-shaped member 17 in order to better cooperate with the rod-shaped member 17 that is axially translated, so that when the rod-shaped member 17 is located in the first position, the second structure 2 is locked, and the rod-shaped member 17 is located in the second position.
  • a hole 13 corresponding to the rod-shaped member 17 is formed on the second structure 2, and the second structure 2 is connected to the first contact 81 and the second In the connected state of the contacts 82, when the rod-shaped member 17 is located at the first position, the rod-shaped member 17 extends into the hole 13 to lock the second structure 2, and the rod-shaped member When 17 is in the second position, the rod-shaped member 17 withdraws out of the hole 13 to unlock the second structure 2 .
  • the second structure 2 in the connected state, by extending the rod-shaped member 17 into the hole 13 of the second structure 2, the second structure 2 can be locked to prevent the second structure 2 from being separated from the first structure 1; assuming the connected state , when the rod-shaped member 17 protrudes into the hole 13 of the second structure 2, the spatial position of the rod-shaped member 17 is the first position, and when the rod-shaped member 17 withdraws from the hole 13 of the second structure 2, the rod-shaped member 17 The space position is the second position, then in the separated state, when the rod-shaped member 17 is in the first position, it can block the combination of the second structure 2 and the first structure 1, thereby locking the second structure 2, when the rod-shaped member 17 is in the first position. When the 17 is in the second position, it will not interfere with the bonding between the second structure 2 and the first structure 1 .
  • the hole 13 can be formed in various positions, as long as the hole 13 is combined with the rod-shaped member 17, the moving direction of the second structure 2 when it is separated is the same as the axial direction of the hole 13. Do not overlap.
  • the locking or unlocking action of the second structure 2 may also be realized by means of electromagnetic attraction.
  • a permanent magnet is installed on the second structure 2, and an electromagnet capable of generating a magnetic attraction force is installed on the action execution unit 3 under the condition of electrification.
  • the electromagnet and the permanent magnet attract each other, thereby locking the second structure 2 .
  • the second structure 2 can be locked or unlocked by controlling the on-off of the electromagnet.
  • the maintenance switch realizes the locking or unlocking of the second structure 2 through the control unit 4 controlling the action execution unit 3.
  • the first structure 1 and the second structure in a combined state may be caused. Structure 2 cannot be properly separated when repairs are required.
  • the maintenance switch may need to be forcibly turned off.
  • the maintenance switch further includes: a micro switch, which is used to control the driving part to drive the locking part to the first position and all the other positions under the action of external force triggering.
  • the external force trigger switch 16 is used to provide an external force trigger signal for the micro switch.
  • the locking part can be controlled to move between the first position and the second position by operating the external force trigger switch 16, so that the voltage on the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 does not need to be relied on value. This means that even if the voltage value on the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 exceeds a safe value, the maintenance switch can be forcibly turned off by triggering the switch 16 by an external force.
  • the driving part and the micro switch are installed in the same outer casing 20 , so that the electric components such as the driving part and the micro switch can be controlled by the outer casing 20 . Protection to prevent external environment interference with electrical components.
  • the external force trigger switch 16 is mounted on the outer casing 20 and has a force-receiving part located outside the outer casing 20 , so that an external force of a specific orientation and size can be applied to the force-receiving part outside the outer casing 20 , thereby operating the external force trigger switch 16 to trigger the driving part to work, which is convenient for manual operation to lock or unlock the second structure 2 .
  • the external force trigger switch 16 can be directly operated manually, or can be operated by the operator through other operating tools.
  • the external force trigger switch 16 is a handle switch that is convenient for the operator to directly and manually operate.
  • the handle switch is hinged on the outer casing 20, and has a trigger part located in the outer casing 20 to cooperate with the micro switch. By turning the handle switch, the micro switch can be triggered to control the driving part to work to drive The locking portion moves between a first position and a second position.
  • the driving part is a driving motor, and the micro switch and the driving motor are configured to drive the motor to rotate forward and reverse through the micro switch, thereby driving the locking part to move between the first position and the second position. It should be noted that the technology of controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motor by the micro switch already belongs to the prior art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the locking portion is a rod-shaped member 17, and the rod-shaped member 17 can be axially translated so as to be in the first position and the second position, and in the first position, the rod-shaped member 17 protrudes out of the outer casing 20, and in the second position, the rod-shaped member 17 retracted into the outer casing 20 . That is, when the action execution unit 3 is not used, the rod-shaped member 17 can be retracted into the outer casing 20 , thereby improving the structural compactness of the entire action execution unit 3 and facilitating portability and installation.
  • the voltage detection unit 5 may be integrated with the control unit 4 and disposed on the first structure 1 outside the outer casing 20 .
  • the signal output end of the control unit 4 can be connected to the driving part in the outer casing 20 through the signal wire 18 , so as to control the driving part to drive the locking part to move.
  • a mounting plate 19 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outer casing 20 , and the outer casing 20 can be installed at a predetermined installation position through the mounting plate 19 .
  • a through hole can be formed on the mounting plate 19, and the outer casing 20 can be installed at a fixed predetermined installation position by using a connecting member such as a bolt passing through the through hole.
  • the maintenance switch further includes an alarm unit, which is used for the first contact 81 or the first contact 81 or the second When the voltage value on the second contact 82 exceeds the safe value, an alarm signal is issued.
  • the alarm unit may be a voice alarm unit and/or a sound and light alarm unit, etc. The voice alarm unit and/or the sound and light alarm unit are connected to the control unit 4 and are controlled by the control unit 4 .
  • the second structure 2 is connected to the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 in a plug-and-pull manner.
  • the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 are pin-type contacts that are parallel to and spaced apart from each other, and the second structure 2 can be pluggable with the first contact 81 connected with the second contact 82 to electrically connect the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 in the inserted state, and electrically disconnect the first contact 81 and the second contact in the unplugged state the second contact 82 .
  • the second structure 2 has conductive channels 11 (including the first conductive channel 111 and the second conductive channel 111 and the second conductive channel 11 ) that are electrically connected to each other.
  • the first conductive channel 111 corresponds to the first contact 81
  • the second conductive channel 112 corresponds to the second contact 82
  • the aperture at the entrance of the first conductive channel 111 is larger than the inner aperture, which facilitates the first contact
  • the head 81 enters the first conductive channel 111 and is fully electrically connected with the first conductive channel 111 inside the first conductive channel 111 ; the second conductive channel 112 can also be set using the same principle.
  • the first structure 1 includes a socket
  • the socket includes a first insulating shell 22 and the The first contact 81 and the second contact 82 .
  • the first insulating shell 22 is installed with parallel and spaced apart The first guide channel and the second guide channel, the first contact 81 is coaxially fixed in the first guide channel, and the second contact 82 is coaxially fixed in the second guide channel. Therefore, in the process of inserting and pulling out the second structure 2, the insertion and pulling action of the second structure 2 can be guided through the first guide channel and the second guide channel, so as to easily realize the connection between the second structure 2 and the first contact.
  • the precise connection between the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 makes it more convenient and smooth to connect or disconnect the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 through the second structure 2 .
  • the socket is installed in a maintenance switch box (not shown), and by arranging the maintenance switch box outside the socket, the protection level of the maintenance switch can be improved.
  • a positioning plate 21 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the first insulating shell 22 along the circumferential direction, and a positioning plate 21 is provided on the positioning plate 21 for fixing the first insulating shell 22 Connections in the service switch box body.
  • the cross-section of the first insulating shell 22 can be, for example, an ellipse
  • the overall structure is a hollow elliptical cylindrical structure
  • the positioning plate 21 can be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the elliptical cylindrical structure, and is connected with the elliptical column.
  • the outer peripheral surfaces of the shape structure are perpendicular to each other, the positioning plate 21 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes along the thickness direction, the plurality of mounting holes are spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction of the positioning plate 21 and the connecting pieces are passed through the mounting holes.
  • the connecting member can be, for example, a bolt 7, a screw, a rivet, a pin and the like.
  • the first guide channel and the second guide channel are respectively disposed on two inner sides of the elliptical cylindrical structure along a direction parallel to the axial direction of the elliptical cylindrical structure, and the first guide channel and the second guide channel may be cylindrical channels.
  • the second structure 2 includes a plug, the plug includes a second insulating housing 14 , and a plug mounted in the second insulating housing 14
  • the first conductive channel 111 and the second conductive channel 112, the first conductive channel 111 and the second conductive channel 112 are electrically connected to each other, and the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 can respectively correspond Plugged into the first conductive channel 111 and the second conductive channel 112 to achieve electrical connection between each other.
  • the second insulating shell 14 can be, for example, a hollow elliptical cylindrical structure matching the shape of the first insulating shell 22.
  • the first conductive channel 111 and the second conductive channel 112 are formed to match the first guide channel and the second guide channel, that is, the first conductive channel 111 and the second insulating shell 14 are radially spaced apart from each other, and their outer diameters are slightly smaller than those of the first guide channel.
  • the first conductive channel 111 can extend into the first guide channel, and the first contact 81 can Extend into the first conductive channel 111; deep inside the first conductive channel 111, the outer diameter of the first contact 81 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first conductive channel 111, so that the first conductive channel 111 and the first conductive channel 111 can be realized.
  • An interference fit between the contacts 81 achieves electrical connection between them.
  • the configuration of the second conductive channel 112 is the same as that of the first conductive channel 111 , and details are not described herein again.
  • the hole on the second structure 2 is formed on the side wall of the second insulating shell 14 , and the rod-shaped member 17 can extend into the hole to lock the second structure 2 , and can also retract out of the hole , thereby unlocking the second structure 2 .
  • a protruding positioning post 10 is formed on the outer side wall of the first insulating shell 22 , and the outer side wall of the second insulating shell 14 is hinged with relative to the second insulating shell 14 .
  • the housing 14 is rotated from the first position to the handle 12 of the second position; the handle 12 is formed to be able to cooperate with the positioning post 10, so that when the first structure 1 and the second structure 2 are connected, the handle 12 can be rotated by rotating
  • the handle 12 to the first position can lock the first structure 1 and the second structure 2, and the first structure 1 and the second structure can be unlocked by turning the handle 12 to the second position.
  • Second structure 2 Second structure 2.
  • the first structure 1 and the second structure 2 are connected through the hole 11 , so the first structure 1 and the second structure 2 can only realize the plugging movement, and cannot perform the horizontal movement parallel to the second insulating shell 14 .
  • a guide hole 15 is formed on the handle 12 , and the handle 12 and the guide hole 15 are formed so that when the handle 12 is rotated to be parallel to the axial direction of the second insulating housing 14 , the guide hole 15 is in the horizontal direction, that is, referring to FIG. 3, at this time, the narrow and long structure of the guide hole 15 will generate a force with the second insulating shell 14 to prevent the first structure 1 from being pulled out, so when the first structure 1 is inserted and pulled out, the first The two insulating shells 14 cannot move along the guide holes 15 .
  • the guide hole 15 is in the vertical direction, and the positioning column 10 on the first structure 1 will not hinder the insertion and removal of the second structure 2.
  • the column 10 moves downward along the guide hole 15 until the first structure 1 is disengaged from the second structure 2 .
  • the handle 12 is rotated from the orientation perpendicular to the upper surface of the second insulating shell 14 to 90° to the orientation parallel to the upper surface of the second insulating shell 14.
  • the positioning post 10 is moved along the guide hole 15 and finally clamped in the guide hole 15 , thereby locking the second structure 2 .
  • the voltage detection unit 5 detects the voltage value on the first contact 81 or the second contact 82.
  • the control unit 4 controls the action execution unit 3 to unlock the second structure 2 , and then the operator needs to turn the handle 12 from an orientation parallel to the upper surface of the second insulating housing 14 to an orientation perpendicular to the upper surface of the second insulating housing 14 . After that, the second structure 2 can be pulled out.
  • connection and disconnection of the second structure 2 and the first structure 1 need to overcome a two-stage locking mechanism, wherein the first-level locking mechanism is coordinated by the handle 12 and the positioning post 10
  • the other locking mechanism is formed by the cooperation of the voltage detection unit 5 , the control unit 4 and the action execution unit 3 .
  • the maintenance switch needs at least two different actions to separate or engage the second structure 2 from the first structure 1, and there is a mechanical locking relationship between the maintenance switch and the action execution unit 3, and the maintenance switch is turned on or off when the maintenance switch is turned on or off.
  • the action execution unit 3 must be opened with the help of a tool, which complies with the provisions of Article 5.1.3.3 "connector requirements" in the national standard GB18384-2020.
  • a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a control method for a maintenance switch
  • the maintenance switch includes: a first structure 1 having a first contact connected in series on a power supply line 81 and the second contact 82, the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 connect the power supply line in an electrically connected state, and disconnect the power supply line in an electrically disconnected state;
  • the first Second structure 2 the second structure 2 is used to be detachably connected with the first contact 81 and/or the second contact 82, so as to electrically connect the first contact 81 and all the the second contact 82, and electrically disconnect the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 in a separated state;
  • the control method includes: detecting the first contact 81 and/or the The voltage value V1 and/or V2 on the second contact 82; when the voltage value V1 or V2 exceeds the safety value V0, a locking command is sent; when the locking command is received, the locking The second structure 2 refuses to release the original state between the second structure 2
  • control method further includes: when the voltage value on the first contact 81 and/or the second contact 82 is less than or equal to a safe value, sending an unlocking instruction and, upon receiving the unlocking instruction, unlocking the second structure 2 to allow the release of the second structure 2 and the first contact 81 and/or the second contact 82 original state.
  • control method further includes: when the voltage value on the first contact 81 or the second contact 82 exceeds a safe value, sending an alarm signal.
  • control method of the maintenance switch provided in the second aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure corresponds to the maintenance switch provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, for a more detailed description of the control method, refer to the maintenance switch provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure. , and will not be repeated here.
  • the electric vehicle 1000 includes the maintenance switch 200 , and the maintenance switch 200 is the maintenance switch 200 according to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the maintenance switch 200 provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure to the electric vehicle 1000 , the safety of the electric vehicle 100 can be improved.
  • the maintenance switch 200 is connected between the power battery of the electric vehicle 1000 and the power distribution box.
  • the maintenance switch 200 can be connected in series between the positive bus bar of the power battery and the positive input end of the distribution box, or between the negative bus bar of the power battery and the negative input end of the distribution box.
  • the first contact 81 is electrically connected to the bus bar of the power battery in the electric vehicle 1000. As shown in FIG. 4, the first contact 81 is electrically connected to the bus bar nose 6 of the power battery ;
  • the second contact 82 is electrically connected to the distribution box in the electric vehicle 1000, as shown in 4, the second contact 82 is electrically connected to the busbar nose 9 of the high-voltage distribution box; in the maintenance switch 200 ON state
  • the power battery is used as the power supply to output the voltage to the distribution box, and after power distribution through the distribution box, it is distributed to each electrical equipment, so as to supply power to each electrical equipment; when the electrical equipment needs to be repaired, manual operation and maintenance are required.
  • the switch is off.
  • the voltage detection unit 5 in the maintenance switch 200 will detect the voltage value on the first contact 81 or the second contact 82 in advance, and only allow the voltage value under the condition that the voltage value is lower than the safe value. Unlock the second structure 2, when the voltage value on the first contact 81 or the second contact 82 exceeds the safe value, the action execution unit 3 locks the second structure 2, at this time, the maintenance switch cannot be manually disconnected, avoiding Due to carelessness, the staff plugs and unplugs the switch 200 when the electric vehicle 1000 is charged or charged.
  • the control unit 4 controls the action execution unit 3 to lock the second structure 2 to prevent the second structure 2 from connecting the first contact 81 and the second contact 82 .
  • the first input end of the voltage detection unit 5 is connected to the bus bar output end of the power battery, and the second input end is connected to the high voltage
  • the electric box or the six-in-one in the electric vehicle 1000 (an embodiment of the six-in-one includes integrating two drive motors, steering system, braking system, DC-DC and high-voltage distribution box) input terminal, and the third input terminal is connected to
  • the output end of the voltage detection unit 5 is connected to the control unit 4.
  • the control unit 4 can use a microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor determines the voltage value V1 on the first contact 81 or the voltage value on the second contact 82. When V2 exceeds the safety value V0, a lock instruction is issued, and the control operation execution unit 3 locks the second structure 2 .
  • the microprocessor is further connected to an alarm unit, such as an indicator light, when judging that the voltage value V1 on the first contact 81 or the voltage value V2 on the second contact 82 exceeds the safety value V0 down, the control indicator light is on to remind the operator.
  • an alarm unit such as an indicator light
  • the service switch 200 may be installed in the electric vehicle 1000 having a rear hatch.
  • the rear hatch must be opened first, and then the disconnection action of the maintenance switch 200 can be performed.
  • the maintenance switch 200 is configured so that the voltage detection unit and the control unit can be automatically activated when the rear hatch is opened.
  • the electric vehicle 1000 is provided with a detection element for detecting whether the rear hatch is opened, such as a micro switch.
  • the detection unit is signal-connected with the control unit 4.
  • control unit 4 When the control unit 4 receives the signal that the rear hatch is opened, it can control the system to be powered on, and the voltage detection unit 5 automatically detects the voltage value on the first contact 81 or the second contact 82. , and the control unit 4 can send an unlock or lock command according to the voltage value. Therefore, when managing the maintenance switch 200 of this type, it is not necessary for an operator to activate the maintenance switch independently, thereby further improving the intelligence level and operational safety of the maintenance switch 200 .

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Abstract

一种维修开关，一种维修开关的控制方法以及一种电动汽车，涉及维修开关领域。其中，所述维修开关包括第一结构，该第一结构包括串接在供电线路上的第一触头和第二触头；第二结构，该第二结构用于可分离地与所述第一触头和所述第二触头连接；电压检测单元，用于检测所述第一触头和所述第二触头上的电压值；控制单元，用于在所述电压值超过安全值的情况下，发送锁止指令；动作执行单元，用于在接收到所述锁止指令时，锁止所述第二结构，以拒绝解除所述第二结构与所述第一触头和所述第二触头之间的原有状态。

Description

维修开关、维修开关的控制方法和电动汽车
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2020年09月08日提交的申请号为202010935765.X、名称为“维修开关、维修开关的控制方法和电动汽车”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及维修开关技术领域，具体地涉及一种维修开关、一种维修开关的控制方法，以及一种电动汽车。
背景技术
维修开关用在电路系统中，连接在电路系统的供电回路上。当电路系统需要维修时，需要先手动断开维修开关，以避免用电设备带电，给维修人员的作业带来安全隐患；维修结束后，需要维修人员手动接通维修开关。
以电动汽车中的维修开关为例，电动汽车的动力电池和高压配电箱之间的连接线缆上一般串联有维修开关，通过该维修开关可以控制高压用电设备的通断。当电动汽车中的用电设备需要维修时，需要维修人员手动断开维修开关，在维修完毕之后，需要维修人员手动接通维修开关。在断开或接通维修开关的过程中，要求车辆处于熄火且未充电状态，如果在车辆未熄火或正在充电时断开或接通维修开关，轻则烧坏维修开关及线缆，重则产生火花引起线缆起火，危及车辆及周围环境和人员安全。
发明内容
本公开的目的是为了克服现有技术中存在的以上技术问题，提供一种能够有效提高维修开关的操作安全性的技术方案。
第一方面，本公开提出了一种维修开关，所述维修开关包括：
第一结构，该第一结构包括串接在供电线路上的第一触头和第二触头，所述第一触头和所述第二触头在电连接状态下接通所述供电线路，并在电断开状态下断开所述供电线路；
第二结构，该第二结构用于可分离地与所述第一触头和/或所述第二触头连接，以在连接状态下电连接所述第一触头和所述第二触头，并在分离状态下电断开所述第一触头和所述第二触头；
电压检测单元，用于检测所述第一触头和/或所述第二触头上的电压值；
控制单元，用于在所述电压值超过安全值的情况下，发送锁止指令；
动作执行单元，用于在接收到所述锁止指令时，锁止所述第二结构，以拒绝解除所述第二结构与所述第一触头和所述第二触头之间的原有状态。
第二方面，本公开提出了一种维修开关的控制方法，所述维修开关包括：
第一结构，该第一结构具有串接在供电线路上的第一触头和第二触头，，所述第一触头和所述第二触头在电连接状态下接通所述供电线路，并在电断开状态下断开所述供电线路；
第二结构，该第二结构用于可分离地与所述第一触头和/或所述第二触头连接，以在连接状态下电连接所述第一触头和所述第二触头，并在分离状态下电断开所述第一触头和所述第二触头；
所述控制方法包括：
检测所述第一触头和/或所述第二触头上的电压值；
在所述电压值超过安全值的情况下，发送锁止指令；
在接收到所述锁止指令时，锁止所述第二结构，以拒绝解除所述第二结构与所述第一触头和所述第二触头之间的原有状态。
第三方面，本公开提出了一种电动汽车，所述电动汽车包括维修开关，所述维修开关为本公开第一方面所述的维修开关。
本公开提供的技术方案具有如下有益效果：
本公开提供的维修开关包括第一结构和第二结构，第一结构包括串联在供电线路上的第一触头和第二触头上，第二结构可以接通或断开第一触头和第二触头；维修开关通过电压检测单元来检测第一触头或第二触头上的电压值，当电压值超过安全值时，说明此时改变第一结构和第二结构之间的连接状态将可能产生安全隐患；此时，维修开关中的控制单元发送锁止指令，锁止第二结构，阻止第二结构与第一结构之间的原有连接状态或原有断开状态发生变化，由此，可以阻止在危险状态下接通或断开维修开关，提高维修开关的操作安全性。
本公开的部分其他有益效果将在后面的具体实施方式部分做进一步说明。
附图说明
图1是本公开实施例提供的维修开关的硬件框图；
图2是本公开实施例提供的维修开关的结构示意图；
图3是本公开实施例提供的维修开关的爆炸图；
图4是本公开实施例提供的维修开关的第一结构的结构示意图；
图5是本公开实施例提供的维修开关的第二结构的立体结构示意图；
图6是本公开实施例提供的维修开关的第二结构的侧视图；
图7是本公开实施例提供的维修开关的主视图；
图8是本公开实施例提供的动作执行机构的立体结构示意图；
图9是本公开实施例提供的动作执行机构的侧视图；
图10是本公开实施例提供的维修开关的控制方法的流程图；
图11是本公开实施例提供的维修开关的控制原理图；
图12是本公开实施例提供的电动汽车的结构框图。
附图标记说明
1-第一结构；2-第二结构；3-动作执行单元；4-控制单元；5-电压检测单元；6-动力电池的母线鼻子；7-螺栓；8-触头；9-高压配电箱的母线鼻子；10-定位柱；11-导电通道；12-把手；13-孔；14-第二绝缘外壳；15-导向孔；16-外力触发开关；17-杆状部件；18-信号线；19-安装板；20-外壳体；21-定位板；22-第一绝缘外壳；81-第一触头；82-第二触头；111-第一导电通道；112-第二导电通道；200-维修开关；1000-电动汽车。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本公开，并不用于限制本公开。
在本公开中，在未作相反说明的情况下，使用的方位词如“上、下、左、右”通常是指参考附图所指的上、下、左、右。“内、外”是指相对于部件本身轮廓的内、外。
参阅图1-图9，本公开实施例第一方面提供一种维修开关，该维修开关包括：第一结构1，该第一结构1包括串接在供电线路上的触头8(包括第一触头81和第二触头82)，所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82在电连接状态下接通所述供电线路，并在电断开状态下断开所述供电线路；第二结构2，该第二结构2用于可分离地与所述第一触头81和/或所述第二触头82连接，以在连接状态下电连接所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82，并在分离状态下电断开所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82；电压检测单元5，用于检测所述第一触头81和/或所述第二触头82上的电压值；控制单元4，用于在所述电压值超过安全值的情况下，发送锁止指令；动作执行单元3，用于在接收到所述锁止指令时，锁止所述第二结构2，以拒绝解除所述第二结构2与所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82之间的原有状态。
具体地，维修开关广泛应用于各类电路系统中，包括但不限于车辆、机床、配电变压器等设备的电路系统中；供电线路为电路系统中的一段导线，该导线的位置可以根据实际需要进行选择，本公开实施例对此不做限定。第一触头81和第二触头82均为导电体，二者串接在供电线路中，且彼此绝缘。绝缘方式可以有多种，例如，第一触头81和第二触头82彼此间隔开，二者之间的绝缘介质为空气。此外，第一触头81和第二触头82还可以通过其他绝缘介质例如塑料、橡胶等实现二者之间的绝缘。在没有其他元件干扰的情况下，彼此绝缘的第一触头81和第二触头82串接在供电线路上，可以在电气上断开供电线路。进一步，通过其他元件控制第一触头81和第二触头82之间的电连接状态，可以改变第一触头81和第二触头82所在供电线路的通断状态。
本公开实施例中，通过第二结构2控制第一结构1的第一触头81和第二触头82之间的电连接状态。为了实现该目的，第二结构2包括导体电，该导电体可以与第一触头81不可拆分地连接，且与第二触头82可拆分地连接；也可以与第二触头82不可拆分地连接，且与第一触头81可拆分地连接；还可以同时与第一触头81和第二触头82可拆分地连接。
在一实施例中，导电体例如可以一端与第一触头81彼此铰接电连接，另一端与第二触头82可分离地连接。操作导电体可以使导电体以铰接点为支点进行转动，当导电体转动至与第二触头82接触时，第一触头81和第二触头82通过导电体彼此电连接；当导电体转动至与第二触头82分离时，第一触头81和第二触头82彼此电断开。
在另一实施例中，导电体例如可以与第二触头82彼此铰接电连接，另一端与第一触头81可分离地连接，导电体与第一触头81和第二触头82之间的作用原理与前文实施例类似，此处不再赘述。
在又一实施例中，导电体可以同时与第一触头81和第二触头82可分离地连接，当导电体同时电连接第一触头81和第二触头82时，实现第一触头81和第二触头82之间的电连接，当导电体与第一触头81和第二触头82分离时，实现第一触头81和第二触头82之间的电断开。
需要说明的是，以上所述的电连接指的是导电连接，电连接时，第一触头81和第二触头82上不一定会带电，是否带电取决于供电线路是否接通完整。
电压检测单元5用于检测第一触头81和/或第二触头82上的电压值。具体地，以第一结构1和第二结构2之间的原始状态处于连接状态为例。当第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82连接时，为了避免分离第二结构2的过程中，造成起火放电等安全事故，需要检测第一触头81和第二触头82上的电压值，以确保第一触头81上的电压值V1和第二触头82上的电压值V2在安全值以下。由于第一触头81上的电压V1等于第二触头 82上的电压V2。此时，电压检测单元5可以选择第一触头81和第二触头82中的任意一者进行电压检测，也可以同时检测第一触头81和第二触头82上的电压。
当第二结构2与第一触头81和/或第二触头82之间的原始状态为分离状态时，为了避免下一步将第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82连接造成起火放电，需要第一触头81和第二触头82上的电压值同时处于安全值以下。由于第一触头81和第二触头82当前处于电断开状态，因此，第一触头81上的电压值V1和第二触头82上的电压值V2可能不相等，此时，电压检测单元5即要检测第一触头81上的电压V1，也要检测第二触头82上的电压V2，以确保第一触头81上的电压值V1和第二触头82上的电压值V2均处于安全值以下。
可以理解的是，电压检测单元5可以通过连接在第一触头81和/或第二触头82上的电压采集单元直接检测第一触头81和/或第二触头82上的电压值，也可以通过连接在电路系统的其他元器件上的电压检测单元5间接检测第一触头81和/或第二触头82上的电压值，这意味着电压检测单元5可能靠近第一结构1，也可能远离第一结构1。
在一实施例中，电压检测单元5例如可以包括采样电阻和电流表。以电压检测单元5直接与第一触头81或第二触头82连接为例，采样电阻可以一端与第一触头81或第二触头82连接，另一端与电流表的输入端相连，电流表的输出端接地。通过欧姆定律I＝U/R，即可获得第一触头81或第二触头82上的电压值；其中，U为第一触头81或第二触头82上的电压值，R为采样电阻的电阻值，I为电流表检测的电流值。
在本公开一个实施例中，第一触头81和第二触头82上分别设置有电压检测单元5，由此可以分别获得第一触头81和第二触头82上的电压值。
控制单元4具有信号输入端，用于接收电压检测单元5检测的电压值，并将该电压值与安全值进行比较，当电压值超过安全值时，发送锁止指令。其中，安全值例如可以预先设置并存储在控制单元4的存储模块中，通过控制单元4自动判断并发送锁止指令，也可以是人工后期输入的参考值，由此，可以人为操作控制单元4控制动作执行单元3的锁止动作。控制单元4可以为本地微处理器，例如单片机、数字信号处理器，可编程逻辑控制器等，也可以是远程设置的计算机、手机、平板电脑、云服务器等。换言之，控制单元4与电压检测单元5以及动作执行单元3之间，既可以本地通信连接，又可以远程通信连接。
通过设置所述安全值，可以使得维修开关在第一触头81和/或第二触头82上的电压值在超过安全值的情况下被锁止，从而使得维修开关在关闭状态下无法被操作打开或拔出，也可以使得维修开关在打开或拔出状态下无法被操作闭合或插入，由此保证维修开关的操作安全性，防止因不安全的带电操作而导致维修开关及电缆损坏或起火。
安全值的具体取值可以根据实际需要来设定。以车辆中的维修开关为例，根据国家标准GB18384—2020中第5.1.3.3条“连接器要求”以及第5.1.3.4条“高压维修断开装置要求”的规定，为了使得车辆中的维修开关的打开或插拔满足安全性要求，则要求第一触头81和/或第二触头82上的带电交流电压降低到不大于30V(a.c.)(rms)，且第一触头81和/或第二触头82上的带电直流电压降低到不大于60V(d.c.)时，才能进行维修开关的打开或拔出动作。
需要补充说明的是，根据国家标准GB18384—2020中第5.1.3.4条“高压维修断开装置要求”的规定，如果车辆维修开关在打开或拔出后，车辆中的B级电压带电部分满足GB/T4208—2017中规定的IPXXB的防护等级要求，则可以直接打开或拔出维修开关，而无需关注第一触头81和/或第二触头82上的电压值；维修开关插入时，亦如此。换言之，通过本公开实施例提供的以上技术方案可以在一定程度上降低装有维修开关的电路系统的防护等级。
其中，B级电压带电部分是根据最大工作电压划分的带电部分。具体地，国家标准GB18384—2020中第4条“电压等级”规定，根据最大工作电压，将电气元件或电路分为A电压等级和B电压等级，其中A电压等级的最大直流工作电压U为0V＜U≤60V；最大交流工作电压U为0V＜U≤30V；B电压等级的最大直流工作电压为60V＜U≤1500V；最大交流工作电压为30V＜U≤1000V。对于相互传导连接的A级电压电路和B级电压电路，当电路中直流带电部件的一极与电平台相连，且其他任一带电部分与这一极的最大电压值不大于30V(a.c.)(rms)且不大于60V(d.c.)，则该传导连接电路不完全属于B级电压电路，只有以B级电压运行的部分才被认定为B级电压电路。
动作执行单元3用于在接收到锁止指令时，锁止第二结构2。在第二结构2锁止之后，在不使用外部工具的情况下，将无法改变第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82之间的原有状态。第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82之间的原有状态包括第二结构2与第一触头81之间的原有连接状态或原有分离状态，以及第二结构2与第二触头82之间的原有连接状态或原有分离状态；其中，连接状态指示电连接状态，分离状态指示电断开状态。以第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82采用插拔式连接为例，当第二结构2被锁止后，若第二结构2原本处于插入结合状态，将无法操作第二结构2拔出；若第二结构2原本处于拔出状态，将无法操作第二结构2插入，由此可以保证维修开关的操作安全性。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述控制单元4还用于在所述第一触头81和/或所述第二触头82上的电压值小于或等于安全值的情况下，发送解锁指令；所述动作执行单元3还用于在接收到所述解锁指令时，解锁所述第二结构2，以允许解除所述第二结构2与所 述第一触头81和/或所述第二触头82之间的原有状态。
具体地，当电路系统需要维修时，需要断开维修开关，维修结束后，需要重新接合维修开关。当第一触头81和第二触头82上的电压值小于或等于安全值的情况下，说明接通或断开维修开关的操作是安全的，此时，控制单元4发送解锁指令，允许接通或断开维修开关，从而可以对电路系统中的电气设备进行维修。
具体地，如前文所述，所述第二结构2例如可以一端与第一触头81和第二触头82中的一者铰接电连接，另一端与第一触头81和第二触头82中的另一者可分离的连接。在第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82原本处于电连接状态下，当动作执行单元3解锁第二结构2后，操作第二结构2，可以使第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82中的一者保持铰接电连接，但使第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82中的另一者分离，从而电断开第一触头81和第二触头82。在第二结构2与第一触头81或第二触头82原本处于分离状态下，当动作执行单元3解锁第二结构2后，操作第二结构2，可以使得第二结构2与第一触头81或第二触头82电连接。例如，当第二结构2与第一触头81原本电连接，但与第二触头82彼此分离时，解锁后，第二结构2可以重新电连接第二触头82；当第二结构2与第一触头81原本分离，但与第二触头82电连接时，解锁后，第二结构2可以重新电连接第一触头81；
当然，第二结构2也可以同时与第一触头81和第二触头82可分离地连接，此时，当第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82原本分离，解锁后，操作第二结构2可以重新电连接第一触头81和第二触头82。当第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82原本连接时，解锁后，操作第二结构2可以将第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82分离。
动作执行单元3用于执行对第二结构2的锁止或解锁动作，锁止或解锁的方式具有多种，例如机械止挡，电磁吸合等。在本公开实施例中，通过机械止挡的方式来对第二结构2进行解锁或锁止。
具体地，所述动作执行单元3包括：锁止部，该锁止部能够在第一位置和第二位置之间运动，以在所述第一位置时，锁止所述第二结构2，且在所述第二位置时，解锁所述第二结构2；驱动部，用于驱动所述锁止部在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间运动。
所述锁止部例如可以为绕支点转动的挡板，当挡板转动到第二结构2的移动路径上时，可以阻挡第二结构2移动，从而避免第二结构2与第一结构1的连接状态或分离状态发生改变，当挡板从第二结构2的移动路径上退出时，可以允许第二结构2与第一结构1之间的连接状态或分离状态发生变化。第二结构2的移动路径指的是第二结构2为了实现与第一结构1的分离或结合，必须运动经过的空间位置，在该空间位置被占用或阻挡的情况下，第二结构2将无法实现与第一结构1之间的连接状态的改变，只能维持 原有状态。
上述锁止部例如可以通过驱动电机来驱动，可以将挡板与驱动电机的输出轴垂直固定，如此，在驱动电机的输出轴转动时，可以带动挡板旋转。
在本公开其他实施例中，所述锁止部还可以为杆状部件17，该杆状部件17能够轴向平移，以在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间运动；当杆状部件17移动到第一位置时，阻挡了第二结构2的移动路径，当杆状部件17移动到第二位置时，从第二结构2的移动路径上退出。为了驱动锁止部转动，驱动部件一般包括驱动电机，但驱动电机的输出轴的运动为轴向旋转，为了将驱动电机的输出轴的轴向旋转转化为杆状部件17的轴向平移，所述驱动部还包括传动机构，通过传动机构将驱动电机提供的驱动力传递给杆状部件17，从而驱动杆状部件17轴向平移。
能够将驱动电机的输出轴的轴向旋转转化为杆状部件17的轴向平移的传动机构的结构形式可以有多种。例如可以将杆状部件17的一端制作成齿条结构，或将杆状部件17沿着齿条的长度方向固定在齿条上，在驱动电机的输出轴上同轴固定齿轮，通过齿轮啮合齿条，从而可以将驱动电机的输出轴的轴向旋转转化为杆状部件17的轴向平移。
在本公开另一实施例中，所述传动机构包括彼此啮合的凸轮和齿轮，所述凸轮和齿轮分别连接所述杆状部件17和所述驱动电机的输出轴，以将所述驱动电机的输出轴的轴向旋转转换为所述杆状部件17的轴向平移。通过齿轮和凸轮来将轴向旋转转换为轴向平移的具体传动方式已属于较为成熟的现有技术，此处不再赘述。
为了实现对第二结构2的锁止或解锁，所述第二结构2与杆状部件17之间的配合方式可以有多种，在一些较为简单的实施例中，只要杆状部件17能够阻挡第二结构2的移动路径即可，在这种情况下，第二结构2的具体结构形式可以是任意的。例如，第二结构2可以形成为杆状导体，该杆状导体的一端与第一触头81铰接，另一端与第二触头82可分离地连接，杆状部件17可以在第二结构2的移动路径上伸缩，当杆状部件17伸出至第二结构2的移动路径上时，能够阻挡第二结构2与第二触头82之间的分离或结合，避免第二结构2与第二触头82之间的原有连接状态发生改变，当杆状部件17退出至第二结构2的移动路径之外时，第二结构2可以实现与第二触头82之间的连接或分离。
在本公开实施例中，为了能够更好地与轴向平移的杆状部件17配合，以实现杆状部件17位于第一位置时，第二结构2锁止，杆状部件17位于第二位置时，第二结构2解锁，所述第二结构2上形成有与所述杆状部件17相对应的孔13，在所述第二结构2与所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82连接状态下，所述杆状部件17位于所述第一位置时，该杆状部件17伸入在所述孔13内，以锁止所述第二结构2，所述杆状部件17位于所述第二位置时，该杆状部件17退出至所述孔13外，以解锁所述第二结构2。具体地，在连 接状态下，通过将杆状部件17伸入至第二结构2的孔13中，能够锁止第二结构2，避免第二结构2与第一结构1分离；假设连接状态下，杆状部件17伸入在第二结构2的孔13中时，杆状部件17的空间位置为第一位置，杆状部件17退出至第二结构2的孔13外时，杆状部件17的空间位置为第二位置，则在分离状态下，当杆状部件17位于第一位置时，能够阻挡第二结构2与第一结构1结合，从而锁止第二结构2，当杆状部件17位于第二位置时，不会对第二结构2与第一结构1之间的结合造成干扰。
可以理解的是，在第二结构2上，所述孔13的形成位置可以有多种，只要孔13和杆状部件17结合后，第二结构2分离时的移动方向与孔13的轴向不重合即可。
如前文所述，在本公开其他实施例中，还可以通过电磁吸合的方式来实现对第二结构2的锁止或解锁动作。例如，在第二结构2上安装永磁铁，在动作执行单元3上安装可在通电情况下产生磁吸力的电磁铁。电磁铁在通电情况下和永磁铁彼此吸引，从而锁止第二结构2。由此，可以通过对电磁铁的通断电的控制来锁止或解锁第二结构2。
本公开实施例提供的上述维修开关通过控制单元4控制动作执行单元3来实现对第二结构2的锁止或解锁，当出现系统故障时，可能导致处于结合状态的第一结构1和第二结构2在需要维修时无法正常分离。此外，在实际应用中，还存在可能需要强行断开维修开关的时候。为了解决该技术问题，本公开实施例中，所述维修开关还包括：微动开关，用于在外力触发作用下，控制所述驱动部驱动所述锁止部在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间运动；外力触发开关16，用于为所述微动开关提供外力触发信号。当需要强行断开维修开关时，可以通过操作外力触发开关16来控制锁止部在第一位置和第二位置之间移动，从而不必依赖第一触头81和第二触头82上的电压值。这意味着，即便第一触头81和第二触头82上的电压值超过安全值，通过外力触发开关16也可以强行断开维修开关。
参阅图8-图9，在本公开一实施例中，所述驱动部和所述微动开关安装在同一外壳体20内，由此可以通过外壳体20对驱动部、微动开关等电器元件进行保护，以阻止外部环境对电器元件的干扰。所述外力触发开关16安装在所述外壳体20上，且具有位于所述外壳体20外侧的受力部，由此，可在外壳体20的外部对受力部施加特定方位和大小的外力，从而操作外力触发开关16触发驱动部工作，方便人工操作锁止或解锁第二结构2。
外力触发开关16可以直接手动操作，也可以由作业人员通过其他操作工具操作。在本公开实施例中，所述外力触发开关16为便于作业人员直接手动操作的把手开关。
该把手开关铰接在所述外壳体20上，且具有位于所述外壳体20内，以与所述微动开关配合的触发部，通过转动把手开关可以触发微动开关控制驱动部工作，以驱动锁止 部在第一位置和第二位置之间运动。在一具体实施例中，所述驱动部为驱动电机，微动开关与驱动电机配置为通过微动开关驱动电机正反转动，从而驱动锁止部在第一位置和第二位置之间运动。需要说明的是，微动开关控制电机正反转的技术已属于现有技术，此处不再赘述。
在本公开的一个实施例中，为了提高所述动作执行单元3的结构紧凑性，所述锁止部为杆状部件17，该杆状部件17能够轴向平移，以在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间运动，且在所述第一位置时，所述杆状部件17伸出至所述外壳体20外，而在所述第二位置时，所述杆状部件17缩回至所述外壳体20内。也就是，在不使用动作执行单元3的情况下，杆状部件17可以缩回至外壳体20内，由此，可以提高整个动作执行单元3的结构紧凑性，便于携带和安装。
在本公开的一个实施例中，电压检测单元5可以和控制单元4集成在一起，并且设置在第一结构1上，位于外壳体20外侧。控制单元4的信号输出端可以通过信号线18与外壳体20内的驱动部连接，从而控制驱动部驱动锁止部运动。
由于需要通过锁止部来锁止或解锁第二结构2，因此，需要动作执行单元3安装在预定的位置而不能随意移动。为了便于将动作执行单元3安装在固定的位置上，所述外壳体20的外周面上形成有安装板19，通过该安装板19可将外壳体20安装在预定安装位置。例如可在安装板19上开设通孔，采用贯穿通孔的连接件例如螺栓将外壳体20安装在固定的预定安装位置上。
尽管通过动作执行单元3可以锁止第二结构2，但为了进一步保障安全性，本公开实施例中，所述维修开关还包括报警单元，用于在所述第一触头81或所述第二触头82上的电压值超过安全值的情况下，发出报警信号。如此，即便系统出现故障，导致动作执行单元3无法正常锁止第二结构2，也可以给予作业人员相应提醒，从而进一步提高维修开关的操作安全性。典型地，所述报警单元可以为语音报警单元和/或声光报警单元等，语音报警单元和/或声光报警单元与控制单元4连接，受控制单元4的控制。
如前文所述，第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82的配合连接方式具有多种。例如铰接连接、插拔式连接、按键式连接等。参阅图2-图7，在本公开一实施例中，第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82采用插拔连接方式。具体地，所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82为彼此平行且间隔开的插针式触头，所述第二结构2能够可插拔地与所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82连接，以在插入状态下电连接所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82，且在拔出状态下电断开所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82。为了能够实现与所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82的插拔式连接，所述第二结构2具有彼此电连接的导电通道11(包括第一导电通道111和第二导电通道112)，第一导电通道111对 应第一触头81，第二导电通道112对应第二触头82，并且第一导电通道111的入口位置的孔径大于内部孔径，由此可以方便第一触头81进入第一导电通道111，并在第一导电通道111内部与第一导电通道111充分电连接；第二导电通道112也可以采用相同的原理设置。
如图4所示，在本公开的另一实施例中，所述第一结构1包括插座，该插座包括第一绝缘外壳22以及彼此绝缘地安装在所述第一绝缘外壳22内的所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82。通过将所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82安装在第一绝缘外壳22内，可以提高维修开关的操作安全性，避免作业人员不小心触碰带电的第一触头81或第二触头82而造成人身安全事故。
在本公开的另一实施例中，为了方便第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82之间的插拔动作，所述第一绝缘外壳22内安装有彼此平行且间隔开的第一导向通道和第二导向通道，所述第一触头81同轴固定在所述第一导向通道内，所述第二触头82同轴固定在所述第二导向通道内。由此，在插拔第二结构2的过程中，可以通过第一导向通道和第二导向通道对第二结构2的插拔动作进行引导，以容易地实现第二结构2与第一触头81和第二触头82的精准连接，更加方便顺利地通过第二结构2接通或断开第一触头81和第二触头82。
在本公开的另一实施例中，所述插座安装在维修开关盒体(未示出)内，通过在插座外侧设置维修开关盒体，可以提高维修开关的防护等级。为了将插座固定在维修开关盒体内，所述第一绝缘外壳22的外周面上沿着环周方向上形成有定位板21，该定位板21上设置有用于将所述第一绝缘外壳22固定在维修开关盒体内的连接件。具体地，所述第一绝缘外壳22的横截面例如可以为椭圆形，整体结构呈现为中空的椭圆柱形结构，定位板21可以形成在该椭圆柱形结构的外周面上，并且与椭圆柱形结构的外周面彼此垂直，定位板21上沿着厚度方向开设有多个安装孔，多个安装孔沿着定位板21的周向彼此间隔开且连接件穿设在安装孔中。具体实施时，连接件例如可以为螺栓7，螺丝，铆钉，销轴等。第一导向通道和第二导向通道沿着与椭圆柱形结构的轴向平行的方向分别设置在椭圆柱形结构的内部两侧，第一导向通道和第二导向通道可为圆柱形通道。
进一步，为了与插座彼此匹配，并提高第二结构2的操作安全性，所述第二结构2包括插头，所述插头包括第二绝缘外壳14，以及安装在所述第二绝缘外壳14内的第一导电通道111和第二导电通道112，所述第一导电通道111和所述第二导电通道112彼此电连接，且所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82能够分别对应插接在所述第一导电通道111和所述第二导电通道112内，以实现彼此之间的电连接。通过在第一导电通道111和第二导电通道112外侧设置第二绝缘外壳14，可以避免作业人员不小心触碰带电的第一导 电通道111和第二导电通道112而产生人身安全事故。
如图5所示，第二绝缘外壳14例如可以为与第一绝缘外壳22的形状相匹配的中空椭圆柱形结构，为了能够插入至第一导向通道和第二导向通道中，第一导电通道111和第二导电通道112形成为与第一导向通道和第二导向通道相匹配，即第一导电通道111与第二绝缘外壳14径向彼此间隔开，其外径略小第一导向通道的外径，并且第一导电通道111的入口处的内径略大于第一触头81的外径，由此，第一导电通道111可以伸入至第一导向通道内，并且第一触头81能够伸入至第一导电通道111内；在第一导电通道111的内部深处，第一触头81的外径略小于第一导电通道111的内径，由此可以实现第一导电通道111和第一触头81之间的过盈配合，从而实现彼此之间的电连接。第二导电通道112的配置方式与第一导电通道111相同，此处不再赘述。
如图6所示，第二结构2上的孔形成在第二绝缘外壳14的侧壁上，杆状部件17可以伸入至孔内以锁止第二结构2，也可以缩回至孔外，从而解锁第二结构2。
在本公开另一实施例中，所述第一绝缘外壳22的外侧壁上形成有凸起的定位柱10，所述第二绝缘外壳14的外侧壁上铰接有能够相对于所述第二绝缘外壳14从第一方位转动至第二方位的把手12；所述把手12形成为能够与所述定位柱10配合，以在所述第一结构1和所述第二结构2连接时，通过转动所述把手12至所述第一方位能够锁定所述第一结构1和所述第二结构2，通过转动所述把手12至所述第二方位能够解锁所述第一结构1和所述第二结构2。
在该实施例中，第一结构1与第二结构2通过孔11连接，故第一结构1与第二结构2仅能实现插拔运动，无法进行平行第二绝缘外壳14的水平运动。
举例而言，如图5和图6所示，在把手12上形成有导向孔15，把手12和导向孔15形成为当把手12转动至与第二绝缘外壳14的轴向平行时，导向孔15处于水平方向，即，参阅图3，此时导向孔15的狭长结构会与第二绝缘外壳14产生作用力防止第一结构1被拔出，故在进行插拔第一结构1时，第二绝缘外壳14无法顺着导向孔15运动。当把手12转动至与第二绝缘外壳14的上表面垂直时，导向孔15处于竖直方向，第一结构1上的定位柱10不会阻碍第二结构2的插拔动作，插拔时定位柱10沿着导向孔15向下运动，直至第一结构1与第二结构2脱开。在第二结构2与第一结构1插接相连时，将把手12由垂直于第二绝缘外壳14的上表面的方位转动至90°至平行于第二绝缘外壳14的上表面的方位，可以使得定位柱10沿着导向孔15移动，并最终卡接在导向孔15中，从而锁止第二结构2。
当需要拔出第二结构2以断开维修开关时，首先，电压检测单元5检测第一触头81或第二触头82上的电压值，当电压值在安全值，例如60V以下时，控制单元4控制动作 执行单元3解锁第二结构2，然后，工作人员需要将把手12由平行于第二绝缘外壳14的上表面的方位转动至垂直于第二绝缘外壳14的上表面的方位。之后，才能拔出第二结构2。
通过以上描述可以看出，本公开实施例中，第二结构2与第一结构1和接通和断开需要克服两级锁止机构，其中一级锁止机构由把手12和定位柱10配合形成，另一级锁止机构由电压检测单元5、控制单元4和动作执行单元3配合形成。换言之，维修开关至少需要两个不同的动作才能将第二结构2与第一结构1分离或接合，且维修开关与动作执行单元3之间具有机械锁止关系，在维修开关接通或断开前，该动作执行单元3必须借助于工具才能打开，符合国家标准GB18384—2020中第5.1.3.3条“连接器要求”的规定。
如图10所示，本公开实施例第二方面提供一种维修开关的控制方法，所述维修开关包括：第一结构1，该第一结构1具有串接在供电线路上的第一触头81和第二触头82，所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82在电连接状态下接通所述供电线路，并在电断开状态下断开所述供电线路；第二结构2，该第二结构2用于可分离地与所述第一触头81和/或所述第二触头82连接，以在连接状态下电连接所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82，并在分离状态下电断开所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82；所述控制方法包括：检测所述第一触头81和/或所述第二触头82上的电压值V1和/或V2；在所述电压值V1或V2超过安全值V0的情况下，发送锁止指令；在接收到所述锁止指令时，锁止所述第二结构2，以拒绝解除所述第二结构2与所述第一触头81和所述第二触头82之间的原有状态。
在本公开的一实施例中，所述控制方法还包括：在所述第一触头81和/或所述第二触头82上的电压值小于或等于安全值的情况下，发送解锁指令；以及，在接收到所述解锁指令时，解锁所述第二结构2，以允许解除所述第二结构2与所述第一触头81和/或所述第二触头82之间的原有状态。
在本公开的另一实施例中，所述控制方法还包括：在所述第一触头81或所述第二触头82上的电压值超过安全值的情况下，发出报警信号。
本公开实施例第二方面提供的维修开关的控制方法与本公开实施例第一方面提供的维修开关彼此对应，因此，控制方法的更细节的描述参照本公开实施例第一方面提供的维修开关，此处不再赘述。
本公开实施例第三方面提供一种电动汽车。
如图12所示，所述电动汽车1000包括所述维修开关200，所述维修开关200为根据本公开实施例第一方面所述的维修开关200。通过将本公开实施例第一方面提供的维修开关200应用于电动汽车1000，可以提高电动汽车100的安全性。
维修开关200在电动汽车1000的电路系统中的具体连接方式可以有多种。在本公开一个实施例中，所述维修开关200连接在电动汽车1000的动力电池和配电箱之间。例如，维修开关200可以串联在动力电池的正极母线和配电箱的正极输入端之间，也可以串联在动力电池的负极母线和配电箱的负极输入端之间。
其原理如下：维修开关200中，所述第一触头81电连接所述电动汽车1000中的动力电池的母线，如图4所示，第一触头81与动力电池的母线鼻子6电连接；所述第二触头82电连接所述电动汽车1000中的配电箱，如4所示，第二触头82与高压配电箱的母线鼻子9电连接；在维修开关200接通状态下，动力电池作为供电电源输出电压至配电箱，并经由配电箱配电后，分配给各个用电设备，从而为各用电设备供电；当用电设备需要维修时，需要手动操作维修开关断开。在断开维修开关200之前，维修开关200中的电压检测单元5会预先检测第一触头81或第二触头82上的电压值，在保证电压值低于安全值的条件下，才允许解锁第二结构2，当第一触头81或第二触头82上的电压值超过安全值时，动作执行单元3锁止第二结构2，此时，将无法手动断开维修开关，避免工作人员因大意，在电动汽车1000带电或充电时进行插拔维修开关200。在维修开关200拔出状态下，如果检测到第一触头81或第二触头82上的电压值超过安全值，则说明电动汽车1000已经上电处于ON当中，或者已经插入充电枪，或车辆泄放较慢，未达到安全电压范围，此时控制单元4控制动作执行单元3锁止第二结构2，避免第二结构2连接第一触头81和第二触头82。
为了检测所述第一触头81和/或所述第二触头82上的电压值，所述电压检测单元5的第一输入端连接动力电池的母线输出端，第二输入端连接高压配电箱或电动汽车1000中的六合一(六合一的一种实施方式包括将两个驱动电机、转向系统、制动系统、DC-DC及高压配电箱集成)输入端，第三输入端接车身地，电压检测单元5的输出端与控制单元4相连，控制单元4可以采用微处理器，微处理器在判断第一触头81上的电压值V1或第二触头82上的电压值V2超过安全值V0的情况下，发出锁止指令，控制动作执行单元3锁止第二结构2。
在本公开一实施例中，微处理器还与报警单元例如指示灯相连接，在判断第一触头81上的电压值V1或第二触头82上的电压值V2超过安全值V0的情况下，控制指示灯亮，提醒作业人员。
在本公开的另一实施例中，维修开关200可安装在具有后舱门的电动汽车1000中。对于这类电动汽车1000，当需要对电动汽车1000中的用电设备进行维修时，要首先打开后舱门，然后才能执行对维修开关200的断开动作。对于这类维修开关200，本公开一实施例中，所述维修开关200配置为在所述后舱门开启状态下所述电压检测单元以及所述 控制单元能够自启动。为了实现这一功能，所述电动汽车1000设置有用于检测后舱门是否开启的检测元件，例如微动开关。检测单元与控制单元4信号连接，当控制单元4接收到后舱门开启的信号后，可以控制系统上电，电压检测单元5自动检测第一触头81或第二触头82上的电压值，并且控制单元4能够根据电压值发送解锁或锁止指令。由此，在进行这类维修开关200的管理时，无需作业人员单独启动维修开关，进一步提高维修开关200的智能化水平和操作安全性。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式，但是，本公开并不限于此。在本公开的技术构思范围内，可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型。包括各个具体技术特征以任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。但这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容，均属于本公开的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种维修开关，其特征在于，所述维修开关包括：
    第一结构，该第一结构包括串接在供电线路上的第一触头和第二触头，所述第一触头和所述第二触头在电连接状态下接通所述供电线路，并在电断开状态下断开所述供电线路；
    第二结构，该第二结构用于可分离地与所述第一触头和所述第二触头连接，以在连接状态下电连接所述第一触头和所述第二触头，并在分离状态下电断开所述第一触头和所述第二触头；
    电压检测单元，用于检测所述第一触头和所述第二触头上的电压值；
    控制单元，用于在所述第一触头或所述第二触头上的电压值超过安全值的情况下，发送锁止指令；
    动作执行单元，用于在接收到所述锁止指令时，锁止所述第二结构，以拒绝解除所述第二结构与所述第一触头和所述第二触头之间的原有状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于在所述第一触头和所述第二触头上的电压值小于或等于安全值的情况下，发送解锁指令；
    所述动作执行单元还用于在接收到所述解锁指令时，解锁所述第二结构，以允许解除所述第二结构与所述第一触头和所述第二触头之间的原有状态。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述动作执行单元包括：
    锁止部，该锁止部能够在第一位置和第二位置之间运动，以在所述第一位置时，锁止所述第二结构，且在所述第二位置时，解锁所述第二结构；
    驱动部，用于驱动所述锁止部在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间运动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述锁止部为杆状部件，该杆状部件能够轴向平移，以在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间运动；
    所述驱动部包括：
    驱动电机，用于提供驱动力；
    传动机构，用于将所述驱动力传递给所述杆状部件，以驱动所述杆状部件轴向平移。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述第二结构上形成有与所述杆状部件相对应的孔，在所述第二结构与所述第一触头和所述第二触头连接状态下，所述杆状部件位于所述第一位置时，该杆状部件伸入在所述孔内，以锁止所述第二结构，所述杆状部件位于所述第二位置时，该杆状部件退出至所述孔外，以解锁所述第二结构。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述传动机构包括彼此啮合 的凸轮和齿轮，所述凸轮和齿轮分别连接所述杆状部件和所述驱动电机的输出轴，以将所述驱动电机的输出轴的轴向旋转转换为所述杆状部件的轴向平移。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6中任意一项所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述维修开关还包括：
    微动开关，用于在外力触发作用下，控制所述驱动部驱动所述锁止部在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间运动；
    外力触发开关，用于为所述微动开关提供外力触发信号。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述驱动部和所述微动开关安装在同一外壳体内，所述外力触发开关安装在所述外壳体上，且具有位于所述外壳体外侧的受力部；
    所述锁止部为杆状部件，该杆状部件能够轴向平移，以在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间运动，且在所述第一位置时，所述杆状部件伸出至所述外壳体外，而在所述第二位置时，所述杆状部件缩回至所述外壳体内；
    所述外壳体的外周面上形成有安装板，用于将所述外壳体安装在预定安装位置。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述维修开关还包括：报警单元，用于在所述第一触头或所述第二触头上的电压值超过安全值的情况下，发出报警信号。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述第一触头和所述第二触头为彼此平行且间隔开的插针式触头，所述第二结构能够可插拔地与所述第一触头和所述第二触头连接，以在插入状态下电连接所述第一触头和所述第二触头，且在拔出状态下电断开所述第一触头和所述第二触头。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述第一结构包括插座，该插座包括第一绝缘外壳以及彼此绝缘地安装在所述第一绝缘外壳内的所述第一触头和所述第二触头。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述第一绝缘外壳内安装有彼此平行且间隔开的第一导向通道和第二导向通道，所述第一触头同轴固定在所述第一导向通道内，所述第二触头同轴固定在所述第二导向通道内；
    所述第一绝缘外壳的外周面上沿着环周方向上形成有定位板，该定位板上设置有用于将所述第一绝缘外壳固定在维修开关盒体内的连接件。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述第二结构包括插头，所述插头包括第二绝缘外壳，以及安装在所述第二绝缘外壳内的第一导电通道和第二导电通道，所述第一导电通道和所述第二导电通道彼此电连接，且所述第一触头和所述第 二触头能够分别对应插接在所述第一导电通道和所述第二导电通道内，以实现彼此之间的电连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的维修开关，其特征在于，所述第一绝缘外壳的外侧壁上形成有凸起的定位柱，所述第二绝缘外壳的外侧壁上铰接有能够相对于所述第二绝缘外壳从第一方位转动至第二方位的把手；所述把手形成为能够与所述定位柱配合，以在所述第一结构和所述第二结构连接时，通过转动所述把手至所述第一方位能够锁定所述第一结构和所述第二结构，通过转动所述把手至所述第二方位能够解锁所述第一结构和所述第二结构。
  15. 一种维修开关的控制方法，其特征在于，所述维修开关包括第一结构和第二结构，所述第一结构具有串接在供电线路上的第一触头和第二触头，所述第一触头和所述第二触头用以实现所述供电线路的通断，所述第二结构用于可分离地与所述第一触头和所述第二触头电连接；所述控制方法包括：
    检测所述第一触头和所述第二触头上的电压值；
    在所述第一触头或所述第二触头上的电压值超过安全值的情况下，发送锁止指令；
    在接收到所述锁止指令时，锁止所述第二结构，以拒绝解除所述第二结构与所述第一触头和所述第二触头之间的原有状态。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述控制方法还包括：
    在所述第一触头和所述第二触头上的电压值小于或等于安全值的情况下，发送解锁指令；以及，
    在接收到所述解锁指令时，解锁所述第二结构，以允许解除所述第二结构与所述第一触头和所述第二触头之间的原有状态。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述控制方法还包括：在所述第一触头或所述第二触头上的电压值超过安全值的情况下，发出报警信号。
  18. 一种电动汽车，其特征在于，所述电动汽车包括维修开关，所述维修开关为根据权利要求1-14中任意一项所述的维修开关。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述第一触头电连接所述电动汽车中的动力电池的母线，所述第二触头电连接所述电动汽车中的配电箱。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述电动汽车具有后舱门，所述维修开关配置为在所述后舱门开启时，所述电压检测单元以及所述控制单元自动启动。
PCT/CN2021/106087 2020-09-08 2021-07-13 维修开关、维修开关的控制方法和电动汽车 WO2022052618A1 (zh)

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