WO2022052307A1 - 一种制备钌-卡宾类化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备钌-卡宾类化合物的方法 Download PDF

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WO2022052307A1
WO2022052307A1 PCT/CN2020/130200 CN2020130200W WO2022052307A1 WO 2022052307 A1 WO2022052307 A1 WO 2022052307A1 CN 2020130200 W CN2020130200 W CN 2020130200W WO 2022052307 A1 WO2022052307 A1 WO 2022052307A1
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ruthenium
reaction
membered
metal salt
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French (fr)
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徐志明
游应丰
黄金昆
谢德建
胡飞
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成都西岭源药业有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System
    • C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System compounds of the platinum group
    • C07F15/0046—Ruthenium compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
    • B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
    • B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
    • B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/22—Organic complexes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/821—Ruthenium

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of catalyst synthesis, in particular to a method for preparing a ruthenium-carbene compound.
  • Ruthenium-carbene compounds are a class of compounds that can be used as catalysts, such as the most famous Grubbs series catalysts, because of their high catalytic efficiency, thermodynamic stability and tolerance to water and oxygen in the reaction It is widely used in pharmaceutical and material industries.
  • the first route (WO9922865A1, etc.) is usually applied to the reaction of cyclopropene or diazomethane derivatives with RuCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 3 .
  • cyclopropene is very unstable and cannot be purchased commercially, and diazomethane derivatives also have storage and safety hazards (easily decomposable, explosive). So these two compounds must be synthesized before application, and they need to be consumed immediately.
  • the synthesis of ruthenium-carbene compounds by this process usually requires extremely harsh conditions, for example, the reaction usually needs to be carried out at -78 °C, thus limiting the industrial scale-up application of the process.
  • RuCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 3 is prepared by reacting RuCl 3 hydrate with excess triphenylphosphine (PPh 3 ). From the viewpoint of the whole synthesis process, the used triphenylphosphine will eventually be substituted by tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy 3 ) or other ligands, so all the triphenylphosphine will eventually be lost.
  • Ru(COD)Cl2 and its polymers can also be used as starting materials (WO2009124977A1; Organometallics 1996, 15, 1962-1969; Organometallics, 1998, 17 , 5190-5196), but the preparation of this compound is also more complicated and expensive high.
  • DE19854869 describes a method for the synthesis of ruthenium-carbene compounds using RuCl 3 , Mg, PCy 3 , H 2 and acetylene.
  • the acetylene used in the reaction is a flammable and explosive gas, which brings a great safety hazard for production, especially for industrial-scale production.
  • WO2009124977A1 also reported a method for synthesizing ruthenium-carbene compounds using RuCl 3 hydrate.
  • studies have found that the yield of ruthenium-carbene compound prepared by this process is low, and this process uses Mg and 1,2-dichloroethane to initiate the reaction, which is difficult to control. , the ethylene gas produced also has a great potential safety hazard.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing ruthenium-carbene compounds.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing ruthenium-carbene compounds, which comprises the following steps:
  • step (2) the product of step (1) is not separated, directly adds the alkyne shown in formula I and reacts;
  • step (2) gained product is not separated, directly adds the olefin shown in formula II and reacts, promptly obtains the ruthenium-carbene compound shown in formula III;
  • n is an integer from 0 to 10;
  • X is an anionic ligand
  • L 1 is selected from electron donating ligands
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-20 -membered alkyl, 3-20-membered chain heteroalkyl, 3-20-membered cycloalkyl, 3-20-membered heterocyclic group, 6-20-membered aromatic group or 6-20-membered heterocyclic aromatic group; the heteroatom is selected from O, S or N, and the number of the heteroatom is 1-8;
  • L 2 is a heterocyclic carbene ligand.
  • the method also includes the steps:
  • step (3) after reacting with the olefin, the product is not separated, and the base and the target ligand L 2 are directly added. Under the participation of the base, the product is exchanged with the target ligand L 2 to obtain the ruthenium-carbene shown in formula IV. compound;
  • X is an anionic ligand
  • L 1 is selected from electron donating ligands
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-20 -membered alkyl, 3-20-membered chain heteroalkyl, 3-20-membered cycloalkyl, 3-20-membered heterocyclic group, 6-20-membered aromatic group or 6-20-membered heterocyclic aromatic group; the heteroatom is selected from O, S or N, and the number of the heteroatom is 1-8;
  • L 2 is a heterocyclic carbene ligand.
  • n is an integer from 1 to 5;
  • X is a halogen anion
  • the L 1 is selected from neutral electron donating ligands
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10- membered alkyl, 3-10-membered chain heteroalkyl, 3-10-membered cycloalkyl, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl, 6-10 A membered aromatic group or a 6-10-membered heterocyclic aromatic group; the heteroatom is selected from O, S or N, and the number of the heteroatom is 1 to 4;
  • L 2 is an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand
  • n is an integer from 3 to 5;
  • X is Cl - ;
  • the L 1 is selected from phosphine ligands
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, 3-6 membered cycloalkyl or phenyl;
  • L 2 is the hydrochloride salt or free base of an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand.
  • the ruthenium metal salt is selected from RuCl 3 hydrate;
  • the L 1 is selected from triphenylphosphine or tricyclohexylphosphine
  • the alkyne is selected from terminal alkynes
  • the alkene selects a terminal alkene
  • L 2 is selected from the hydrochloride salt of N-heterocyclic carbene ligand
  • the ruthenium metal salt is selected from RuCl 3 ⁇ 3H 2 O;
  • the alkyne is selected from phenylacetylene
  • the olefin is selected from styrene
  • L 2 is selected from IMes ⁇ HCl ligand or SIMes ⁇ HCl ligand; the structural formula of the IMes ⁇ HCl ligand is The structural formula of the SIMes ⁇ HCl ligand is
  • the solvent is a protic or aprotic solvent
  • step (1) the reducing agent is H 2 ;
  • described base is inorganic base or organic base
  • the solvent is a mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran or tetrahydrofuran and toluene;
  • described base is inorganic base
  • step (1) in the mixed solution of described tetrahydrofuran and toluene, the volume ratio of tetrahydrofuran and toluene is 1:1;
  • the inorganic base is anhydrous potassium carbonate.
  • the molar ratio of the ruthenium metal salt to the ligand L 1 is 1: (2.1-10);
  • the mass volume ratio of the ruthenium metal salt to the solvent is 10 g: (30-150) mL;
  • the pressure of the reducing agent H2 is increased to 1-100 atmospheres
  • the molar ratio of the ruthenium metal salt to the alkyne represented by formula I is 1:(1-10);
  • the molar ratio of the ruthenium metal salt to the olefin represented by formula II is 1:(2-20);
  • the molar ratio of the ruthenium metal salt, the base and the target ligand L 2 is 1:(2.1-20):(1.05-5);
  • the molar ratio of the ruthenium metal salt to the ligand L 1 is 1:3 to 5;
  • the mass-volume ratio of the ruthenium metal salt to the solvent is 10 g: (60-120) mL;
  • the pressure of the reducing agent H is increased to 1.05 atmospheres ;
  • the mol ratio of described ruthenium metal salt and the alkyne shown in formula I is 1:2;
  • the mol ratio of described ruthenium metal salt and the olefin shown in formula II is 1:10;
  • the molar ratio of the ruthenium metal salt, the base and the target ligand L 2 is 1:10:1.2.
  • step (1) adding stabilizer or not adding stabilizer during the reaction
  • step (1) the reaction temperature is 0 ⁇ 100°C, and the time is 30min ⁇ 10h;
  • step (2) the reaction temperature is -20 ⁇ 50°C, and the reaction time is 0.5 ⁇ 5h;
  • step (3) the reaction temperature for the reaction after adding the olefin is 0 ⁇ 65° C., and the reaction time is 10min ⁇ 5h;
  • step (3) after adding the base and the target ligand L 2 , with the participation of the base, the reaction temperature for exchanging the product with the target ligand L 2 is 0-65° C., and the reaction time is 0.5h ⁇ 12h;
  • the stabilizer is selected from chain or cyclic olefins
  • step (1) the reaction temperature is 50°C, and the time is 10h;
  • step (2) the reaction temperature is -20 ⁇ 30°C, and the reaction time is 2h;
  • step (3) the reaction temperature for the reaction after the olefin is added is 60°C, and the reaction time is 1h;
  • step (3) after adding the base and the target ligand L 2 , with the participation of the base, the reaction temperature for exchanging the product with the target ligand L 2 is 45-60° C., and the reaction time is 1 ⁇ 60° C. 3h;
  • the stabilizer is selected from 1-hexene or cyclohexene.
  • purification is carried out, and the purification steps are as follows: remove the reaction solvent, add ice methanol or ice acetone to make a slurry, filter, wash the filter cake, and dry the filter cake to obtain the final product;
  • Described washing filter cake is to wash with ice methanol or ice acetone until the filtrate is colorless;
  • the dry filter cake is vacuum-dried at room temperature.
  • ruthenium-carbene compound is one of the following compounds:
  • the present invention also provides the use of the ruthenium-carbene compound prepared by the aforementioned method in preparing a ruthenium-carbene catalyst.
  • the compounds and derivatives provided in the present invention may be named according to the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) or CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service, Columbus, OH) nomenclature system.
  • C 1-20 alkyl refers to all branched or branched alkyl groups containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • 3-20-membered chain heteroalkyl refers to a branched or branched alkyl group containing 3-20 carbon atoms, wherein one or more carbon atoms may be substituted by O, S, N atoms.
  • the 3-20-membered cycloalkyl group refers to a saturated cycloalkyl group containing 3-20 carbon atoms.
  • the 3-20-membered heterocyclic group means that one or more carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl group may be substituted by O, S and N atoms.
  • the 6-20-membered heterocyclic aromatic group means that one or more carbon atoms in the aromatic group may be substituted by O, S and N atoms.
  • the yield of the ruthenium-carbene compound obtained by the preparation method of the present invention is very high; at the same time, the preparation method of the present invention utilizes industrially available, relatively inexpensive ruthenium metal salts, alkynes and ruthenium-carbene compounds required for olefin synthesis,
  • the process reaction conditions are mild, and the required solvents and reagents are industrial raw materials, which reduces the cost.
  • the invention provides a process method for synthesizing a ruthenium-carbene compound by using RuCl 3 hydrate as a starting material without separation in multiple steps (one-pot method).
  • the process route avoids the application or generation of gaseous and explosive ethylene or acetylene gas; the reaction conditions are mild, and no extremely low temperature or high temperature is required; the operation is simple, and there is no need to separate key intermediates. Compared with existing routes, the process has stronger operability and economic advantages.
  • FIG. 1 is the 31P NMR spectrum of the Grubbs 2 nd generation catalyst prepared in Example 1.
  • FIG. 1 is the 31P NMR spectrum of the Grubbs 2 nd generation catalyst prepared in Example 1.
  • Figure 2 is the 31P NMR spectrum of the Nolan-Huang catalyst prepared in Example 2.
  • FIG. 3 is the 31P NMR spectrum of the Grubbs 1 st generation catalyst prepared in Example 3.
  • FIG. 3 is the 31P NMR spectrum of the Grubbs 1 st generation catalyst prepared in Example 3.
  • the raw materials and equipment used in the specific embodiments of the present invention are all known products, which are obtained by purchasing commercially available products.
  • the filter cake was washed with ice methanol until the washing liquid was basically colorless.
  • the filter cake was dried under vacuum at room temperature to give 26.3 g (81% yield) of a dark reddish-brown solid.
  • the dark reddish-brown solid was a Grubbs second-generation catalyst, 31P NMR: ⁇ 29.06 ppm (shown in Figure 1 ).
  • the structure is as follows:
  • Embodiment 2 the synthesis of Nolan-Huang catalyst (Nolan-Huang catalyst)
  • the filter cake was washed with ice methanol until the washing liquid was basically colorless.
  • the filter cake was dried under vacuum at room temperature to obtain 26.9 g (83% yield) of a purple-red solid.
  • the purple-red solid is Nolan-Yellow catalyst, 31P NMR: ⁇ 31.15 ppm (shown in Figure 2).
  • the structure is as follows:
  • a suspension of 12 g of magnesium powder in 100 mL of THF was mixed with 8 mL of 1,2-dichloroethane.
  • the reaction was initiated by heating. After the reaction was vigorously completed, 12.2 g of ruthenium chloride trihydrate and 42 g of tricyclohexyl phosphine were added, and 400 mL of THF was added. 5 hours.
  • the obtained suspension was cooled to -40 degreeC, and after adding 9.8 mL of trimethylacetylene silicon, it heated to 5 degreeC over 30 minutes. Then 1.8 mL of water was added, at which point a large amount of green solid was produced. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes and then 11.5 mL of styrene was added.
  • Example 3 of WO2009124977A1 Since the yield in the above results is inconsistent with Example 3 of WO2009124977A1, repeated tests were carried out according to the conditions of Example 3 of the patent, and the results were still as described above. It can be seen that when a person skilled in the art prepares the ruthenium-carbene compound according to Example 3 of WO2009124977A1, the yield can only reach about 30%.
  • the yield of the ruthenium-carbene compound obtained by the preparation method of the present invention is very high; at the same time, the preparation method of the present invention utilizes industrially available and relatively cheap ruthenium metal salts, alkynes and alkenes required for synthesis
  • the ruthenium-carbene compound has mild process reaction conditions, the required solvents and reagents are industrial raw materials, and the cost is reduced.

Abstract

提供了一种制备钌-卡宾类化合物的方法，属于催化剂合成技术领域。该方法包括如下步骤：(1)钌金属盐RuX 3·nH 2O溶于溶剂中，在还原剂条件下与配体L 1发生络合反应；(2)步骤(1)的产物不经过分离，直接加入式I所示的炔烃进行反应；(3)步骤(2)所得产物不经过分离，直接加入式II所示的烯烃进行反应，即得式III所示的钌-卡宾类化合物。工艺路线避免了应用或者产生气态易爆的乙烯或者乙炔气体；反应条件温和，不需要极低温或者高温；操作简便。相比于现有路线，该工艺具有更强的可操作性以及经济优势。

Description

一种制备钌-卡宾类化合物的方法 技术领域
本发明属于催化剂合成技术领域，具体涉及一种制备钌-卡宾类化合物的方法。
背景技术
钌-卡宾类化合物是一类可作为催化剂的化合物，比如最著名的格拉布斯系列催化剂(Grubbs Catalyst)，因其催化作用的高效性、热力学稳定性以及对反应中水、氧的耐受性而被广泛的应用在药物以及材料工业领域。
该类化合物的传统合成方法主要有两种：第一种路线(WO9922865A1等)通常会应用到环丙烯或者重氮甲烷衍生物与RuCl 2(PPh 3) 3进行反应。然而环丙烯非常不稳定且不能通过商业途径购买，重氮甲烷衍生物同样具有存储和安全隐患(易分解、易爆炸)。所以这两种化合物必须在应用前合成，并且需要立刻消耗掉。除此之外，利用该种工艺合成钌-卡宾化合物通常需要极其苛刻的条件，比如通常需要在-78℃进行反应，因此限制了工艺的工业化放大应用。
另外一条被广泛应用的合成途径是先合成相对活泼的钌-亚茚基类化合物，然后与对应的烯烃进行复分解从而得到目标钌-卡宾化合物(US2005026774A1)。但是合成钌-亚茚基化合物通常需要用到二苯丙炔醇与RuCl 2(PPh 3) 3，化合物价格相对昂贵(Hill et al.Dalton 1999,285-291)。威尔金森氢化物络合物(Wilkinson hydride complex,RuHCl(PPh 3) 3)也被报道用来合成钌-亚茚基类化合物，但是其成本更加高昂(Hoffmann et al.J.organomet.chem.2002,220-226)。
除此之外，以上提到的大部分工艺路线都是以RuCl 2(PPh 3) 3为起始物料(WO9320111,WO9604289,WO9706185等)。通常来说RuCl 2(PPh 3) 3以RuCl 3水合物与过量三苯基膦(PPh 3)反应制备而得。从整个合成过程的角度考虑，所用到的三苯基膦最后会被三环己基膦(PCy 3)或其他配体取代，所以全部的三苯基膦最后都会损失掉。尽管文献报道中利用RuCl 3水合物合成RuCl 2(PPh 3) 3的收率非常高(接近100％)，但通过实际检测的结果表明，为合成达到标准的RuCl 2(PPh 3) 3，最后会有约20％左右的贵金属钌损失。除去RuCl 2(PPh 3) 3，WO9821214介绍了一种用RuHCl(H 2) x(PCy 3) 2来合成钌-卡宾化合物的方法，但是该化合物很难合成，并且该过程反应时间非常长(数十个小时)。Ru(COD)Cl 2以及其聚合物也可用作起始物料(WO2009124977A1； Organometallics 1996，15，1962-1969；Organometallics，1998，17，5190-5196)，但该化合物的准备也比较复杂并且价格高。
综上所述，现存大部分的工艺路线需要用到比较苛刻的反应条件或者价格高昂的反应物料，导致工艺路线难以工业化放大或者放大后成本过高，限制了催化剂的应用。因此利用廉价、易得的RuCl 3水合物直接合成钌-卡宾化合物的工艺不可避免的引起了特别的关注。
DE19854869介绍了一种利用RuCl 3、Mg、PCy 3、H 2和乙炔合成钌-卡宾化合物的方法。但是在反应中应用的乙炔是易燃、易爆气体，为生产，特别是工业规模的生产带来了极大地安全隐患。WO2009124977A1同样报道了利用RuCl 3水合物合成钌-卡宾化合物的方法。但是研究发现该工艺制备得到的钌-卡宾化合物收率低，同时该工艺利用Mg和1,2-二氯乙烷来引发反应，该过程控制困难，反应一但引发会剧烈放气、放热，产生的乙烯气体同样具有极大的安全隐患。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种制备钌-卡宾类化合物的方法。
本发明提供了一种制备钌-卡宾类化合物的方法，它包括如下步骤：
(1)钌金属盐RuX 3·nH 2O溶于溶剂中，在还原剂条件下与配体L 1发生络合反应；
(2)步骤(1)的产物不经过分离，直接加入式I所示的炔烃进行反应；
Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-000001
(3)步骤(2)所得产物不经过分离，直接加入式II所示的烯烃进行反应，即得式III所示的钌-卡宾类化合物；
Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-000002
其中，
n为0～10的整数；
X为阴离子配体；
L 1选自给电子配体；
R 1、R 2独立选自氢、C 1～20烷基、3～20元链状杂烷基、3～20元环烷基、3～20元杂环基、6～20元芳香基或6～20元杂环芳香基；所述杂原子选自O、S或N，所述杂原子的个数为1～8个；
L 2为杂环卡宾配体。
进一步地，所述方法还包括如下步骤：
前述步骤(3)，与烯烃进行反应后，产物不经过分离，直接加入碱和目标配体L 2，在碱参与下，产物与目标配体L 2进行交换得到式IV所示的钌-卡宾类化合物；
Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-000003
其中，
X为阴离子配体；
L 1选自给电子配体；
R 1、R 2独立选自氢、C 1～20烷基、3～20元链状杂烷基、3～20元环烷基、3～20元杂环基、6～20元芳香基或6～20元杂环芳香基；所述杂原子选自O、S或N，所述杂原子的个数为1～8个；
L 2为杂环卡宾配体。
进一步地，
所述n为1～5的整数；
和/或，X为卤素阴离子；
和/或，所述L 1选自中性给电子配体；
和/或，R 1、R 2独立选自氢、C 1～10烷基、3～10元链状杂烷基、3～10元环烷基、3～10元杂环基、6～10元芳香基或6～10元杂环芳香基；所述杂原子选自O、S或N，所述杂原子的个数为1～4个；
和/或，L 2为N-杂环卡宾配体；
优选地，
所述n为3～5的整数；
和/或，X为Cl -；
和/或，所述L 1选自膦配体；
和/或，R 1、R 2独立选自氢、C 1～6烷基、3～6元环烷基或苯基；
和/或，L 2为N-杂环卡宾配体的盐酸盐或自由碱。
进一步地，
所述钌金属盐选自RuCl 3水合物；
和/或，所述L 1选自三苯基膦或三环己基膦；
和/或，所述炔烃选自端位炔烃；
和/或，所述烯烃选择端位烯烃；
和/或，L 2选自N-杂环卡宾配体的盐酸盐；
优选地，
所述钌金属盐选自RuCl 3·3H 2O；
和/或，所述炔烃选自苯乙炔；
和/或，所述烯烃选择苯乙烯；
和/或，L 2选自IMes·HCl配体或SIMes·HCl配体；所述IMes·HCl配体的结构式为
Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-000004
所述SIMes·HCl配体的结构式为
Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-000005
进一步地，
步骤(1)中，所述溶剂为质子或非质子溶剂；
和/或，步骤(1)中，所述还原剂为H 2；
和/或，步骤(3)中，所述碱为无机碱或有机碱；
优选地，
步骤(1)中，所述溶剂为四氢呋喃或四氢呋喃和甲苯的混合溶液；
和/或，步骤(3)中，所述碱为无机碱；
更优选地，
步骤(1)中，所述四氢呋喃和甲苯的混合溶液中，四氢呋喃和甲苯的体积比为1:1；
和/或，步骤(3)中，所述无机碱为无水碳酸钾。
进一步地，
所述钌金属盐与配体L 1的摩尔比为1：(2.1～10)；
和/或，所述钌金属盐与溶剂的质量体积比为10g：(30～150)mL；
和/或，所述还原剂H 2的压强增加到1～100个大气压；
和/或，所述钌金属盐与式I所示的炔烃的摩尔比为1：(1～10)；
和/或，所述钌金属盐与式II所示的烯烃的摩尔比为1：(2～20)；
和/或，所述钌金属盐、碱和目标配体L 2的摩尔比为1：(2.1～20)：(1.05～5)；
优选地，
所述钌金属盐与配体L 1的摩尔比为1:3～5；
和/或，所述钌金属盐与溶剂的质量体积比为10g：(60～120)mL；
和/或，所述还原剂H 2的压强增加到1.05个大气压；
和/或，所述钌金属盐与式I所示的炔烃的摩尔比为1:2；
和/或，所述钌金属盐与式II所示的烯烃的摩尔比为1:10；
和/或，所述钌金属盐、碱和目标配体L 2的摩尔比为1:10:1.2。
进一步地，
步骤(1)中，所述反应时加入稳定剂或者不加入稳定剂；
和/或，步骤(1)中，所述反应温度为0～100℃，时间为30min～10h；
和/或，步骤(2)中，所述反应温度为-20～50℃，反应时间为0.5～5h；
和/或，步骤(3)中，所述加入烯烃后进行反应的反应温度为0～65℃，反应时间为10min～5h；
和/或，步骤(3)中，所述加入碱和目标配体L 2后，在碱参与下，产物与目标配体L 2进行交换的反应温度为0～65℃，反应时间为0.5h～12h；
优选地，
步骤(1)中，所述稳定剂选自链状或环状的烯烃；
和/或，步骤(1)中，所述反应温度为50℃，时间为10h；
和/或，步骤(2)中，所述反应温度为-20～30℃，反应时间为2h；
和/或，步骤(3)中，所述加入烯烃后进行反应的反应温度为60℃，反应时间为1h；
和/或，步骤(3)中，所述加入碱和目标配体L 2后，在碱参与下，产物与目标配体L 2进行交换的反应温度为45～60℃，反应时间为1～3h；
更优选地，所述稳定剂选自1-己烯或环己烯。
进一步地，反应得到钌-卡宾类化合物后要进行提纯，提纯步骤如下：去除反应溶剂，加入冰甲醇或冰丙酮打浆，过滤，洗涤滤饼，干燥滤饼，即得；
优选地，
所述洗涤滤饼为用冰甲醇或冰丙酮洗至滤液无色；
和/或，所述干燥滤饼为室温真空干燥。
进一步地，所述钌-卡宾类化合物为如下化合物之一：
Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-000006
本发明还提供了前述的方法制备得到的钌-卡宾类化合物在制备钌-卡宾催化剂中的用途。
本发明中提供的化合物和衍生物可以根据IUPAC(国际纯粹与应用化学联合会)或CAS(化学文摘服务社，Columbus，OH)命名系统命名。
关于本发明的使用术语的定义：除非另有说明，本文中基团或者术语提供的初始定义适用于整篇说明书的该基团或者术语；对于本文没有具体定义的术语，应该根据公开内容和上下文，给出本领域技术人员能够给予它们的含义。
本发明中：
C 1～20烷基是指所有含1～20个碳原子的支链或支链烷基。
3～20元链状杂烷基是指含有3～20个碳原子的支链或支链烷基，其中一个或多个碳原子可以被O、S、N原子取代。
3～20元环烷基是指含有3～20个碳原子的饱和环烷基。
3～20元杂环基是指环烷基中的一个或多个碳原子可以被O、S、N原子取代。
6～20元杂环芳香基是指芳香基中的一个或多个碳原子可以被O、S、N原子取代。
本发明制备方法得到的钌-卡宾化合物收率很高；同时，本发明制备方法利用工业上可以的大量得到的、相对廉价的钌金属盐、炔烃以及烯烃合成所需要的钌-卡宾化合物，工艺反应条件温和，所需溶剂、试剂均为工业原料，降低了成本。相对于DE19854869，避免了气态，易爆的乙炔；相对于WO2009124977A1描述的工艺，本方法在大致相当或者更高收率的情况下利用更加廉价的苯乙炔替代了三甲基乙炔硅并且避免了用Mg/DME引发反应，使工艺的安全性和可控性大大提高。
本发明提供了一种利用RuCl 3水合物为起始物料，多步不分离(一锅法)合成钌-卡宾化合物的工艺方法。该工艺路线避免了应用或者产生气态易爆的乙烯或者乙炔气体；反应条件温和，不需要极低温或者高温；操作简便，不需要分离关键中间体。相比于现有路线，该工艺具有更强的可操作性以及经济优势。
显然，根据本发明的上述内容，按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段， 在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下，还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式，对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的格拉布斯二代催化剂(Grubbs 2 nd generation)的31P NMR图谱。
图2为实施例2制备的诺兰-黄催化剂(Nolan-Huang catalyst)的31P NMR图谱。
图3为实施例3制备的格拉布斯一代催化剂(Grubbs 1 st generation)的31P NMR图谱。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式中使用的原料、设备均为已知产品，通过购买市售产品获得。
实施例1、格拉布斯二代催化剂(Grubbs 2 nd generation)的合成
将10.0g(38.2mmol)RuCl 3三水合物加入到60mL THF中，反应体系用H 2置换，然后加入32.1g(115mmol)三环己基膦(PCy 3)和10mL 1-己烯。将H 2的压强增加到1.05个大气压，在50℃下搅拌10h进行反应。得到的深红色液体冷却到30℃。将7.80g(76.4mmol)苯乙炔用注射器加入到反应液中并继续搅拌2h。这时加入39.8g(382mmol)苯乙烯并升温到60℃搅拌1h。此时向反应液中加入52.8g(382mmol)粉碎的无水K 2CO 3，15.7g(45.8mmol)SIMes·HCl配体(1,3-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)咪唑氯盐)并继续搅拌3h。将反应溶剂旋走大部分，加入冰甲醇打浆，大量深红棕色晶体出现，此时过滤，滤饼用冰甲醇冲洗至冲洗液基本无色。滤饼在室温下真空干燥，得到26.3g(收率81％)深红棕色固体。该深红棕色固体为格拉布斯二代催化剂，31P NMR：δ29.06ppm(图1所示)。结构式如下：
Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-000007
实施例2、诺兰-黄催化剂(Nolan-Huang catalyst)的合成
将10.0g(38.2mmol)RuCl 3三水合物加入到120mL体积比1:1的THF/toluene溶液中，反应体系用H 2置换，然后加入32.1g(115mmol)三环 己基膦(PCy 3)。将H 2的压强增加到1.05个大气压，在50℃下搅拌10h进行反应。得到的深红色液体冷却到30℃。将7.80g(76.4mmol)苯乙炔用注射器加入到反应液中并继续搅拌2h。这时加入39.8g(382mmol)苯乙烯并升温到60℃搅拌1h。此时向反应液中加入52.8g(382mmol)粉碎的无水K 2CO 3，15.6g(45.8mmol)IMes·HCl配体(1,3-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)氯化咪唑)并继续搅拌3h。将反应溶剂旋走大部分，加入冰甲醇打浆，大量紫红色晶体出现，此时过滤，滤饼用冰甲醇冲洗至冲洗液基本无色。滤饼在室温下真空干燥，得到26.9g(收率83％)紫红色固体。该紫红色固体为诺兰-黄催化剂，31P NMR：δ31.15ppm(图2所示)。结构式如下：
Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-000008
实施例3、格拉布斯一代催化剂(Grubbs 1 st generation)的合成
将10.0g(38.2mmol)RuCl 3三水合物加入到60mL THF中，反应体系用H 2置换，然后加入32.1g(115mmol)三环己基膦(PCy 3)和10mL 1-己烯。将H 2的压强增加到1.05个大气压，反应在50℃下搅拌10h。得到的深红色液体冷却到30℃。将7.80g(76.4mmol)苯乙炔用注射器加入到反应中并继续搅拌2h。这时加入39.8g(382mmol)苯乙烯并升温到60℃搅拌1h。将反应溶剂选走大部分，加入冰甲醇打浆，大量紫色晶体出现，此时过滤，滤饼用冰甲醇冲洗至冲洗液基本无色。滤饼在室温下真空干燥，得到28.8g(91.5％)紫色固体。该紫色固体为格拉布斯一代催化剂，31P NMR：δ35.70ppm(图3所示)。结构式如下：
Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-000009
对比实施例1、WO2009124977A1的实施例3
苯亚甲基络合物Cl 2[P(C 6H 11) 3] 2Ru＝CHC 6H 5的合成
将12g镁粉在100mL THF中的悬浊液与8mL1,2-二氯乙烷混合。加热引发反应，反应剧烈完成后加入12.2g氯化钌三水合物和42g三环己基膦，额外加入400mLTHF，搅拌10分钟后，保护气体换为0.01bar的氢气，反应物 加热至60℃，反应5小时。将得到的悬浊液冷却到-40℃，添加9.8mL三甲基乙炔硅后，在30分钟内加热到5℃。然后加入1.8mL水，此时有大量绿色固体产生。将该混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟然后加入11.5mL苯乙烯。在室温下搅拌1小时候将混合物过滤，并在减压下蒸发滤液。加入冷甲醇打浆，得到暗红色固体粉末，常温下减压干燥得14.8g(收率32％)。
由于上述结果中收率与WO2009124977A1实施例3不一致，按照专利实施例3条件进行重复试验，结果依然如上所述。可见，本领域技术人员根据WO2009124977A1实施例3制备钌-卡宾化合物时收率只能达到30％左右。
综上所述，本发明制备方法得到的钌-卡宾化合物收率很高；同时，本发明制备方法利用工业上可以的大量得到的、相对廉价的钌金属盐、炔烃以及烯烃合成所需要的钌-卡宾化合物，工艺反应条件温和，所需溶剂、试剂均为工业原料，降低了成本。相对于DE19854869，避免了气态，易爆的乙炔；相对于WO2009124977A1描述的工艺，本方法在大致相当或者更高收率的情况下利用更加廉价的苯乙炔替代了三甲基乙炔硅并且避免了用Mg/DME引发反应，使工艺的安全性和可控性大大提高。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种制备钌-卡宾类化合物的方法，其特征在于：它包括如下步骤：
    (1)钌金属盐RuX 3·nH 2O溶于溶剂中，在还原剂条件下与配体L 1发生络合反应；
    (2)步骤(1)的产物不经过分离，直接加入式I所示的炔烃进行反应；
    Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-100001
    (3)步骤(2)所得产物不经过分离，直接加入式II所示的烯烃进行反应，即得式III所示的钌-卡宾类化合物；
    Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-100002
    其中，
    n为0～10的整数；
    X为阴离子配体；
    L 1选自给电子配体；
    R 1、R 2独立选自氢、C 1～20烷基、3～20元链状杂烷基、3～20元环烷基、3～20元杂环基、6～20元芳香基或6～20元杂环芳香基；所述杂原子选自O、S或N，所述杂原子的个数为1～8个；
    L 2为杂环卡宾配体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述方法还包括如下步骤：
    权利要求1所述步骤(3)，与烯烃进行反应后，产物不经过分离，直接加入碱和目标配体L 2，在碱参与下，产物与目标配体L 2进行交换得到式IV所示的钌-卡宾类化合物；
    Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-100003
    其中，
    X为阴离子配体；
    L 1选自给电子配体；
    R 1、R 2独立选自氢、C 1～20烷基、3～20元链状杂烷基、3～20元环烷基、3～20元杂环基、6～20元芳香基或6～20元杂环芳香基；所述杂原子选自O、S或N，所述杂原子的个数为1～8个；
    L 2为杂环卡宾配体。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述n为1～5的整数；
    和/或，X为卤素阴离子；
    和/或，所述L 1选自中性给电子配体；
    和/或，R 1、R 2独立选自氢、C 1～10烷基、3～10元链状杂烷基、3～10元环烷基、3～10元杂环基、6～10元芳香基或6～10元杂环芳香基；所述杂原子选自O、S或N，所述杂原子的个数为1～4个；
    和/或，L 2为N-杂环卡宾配体；
    优选地，
    所述n为3～5的整数；
    和/或，X为Cl -；
    和/或，所述L 1选自膦配体；
    和/或，R 1、R 2独立选自氢、C 1～6烷基、3～6元环烷基或苯基；
    和/或，L 2为N-杂环卡宾配体的盐酸盐或自由碱。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述钌金属盐选自RuCl 3水合物；
    和/或，所述L 1选自三苯基膦或三环己基膦；
    和/或，所述炔烃选自端位炔烃；
    和/或，所述烯烃选择端位烯烃；
    和/或，L 2选自N-杂环卡宾配体的盐酸盐；
    优选地，
    所述钌金属盐选自RuCl 3·3H 2O；
    和/或，所述炔烃选自苯乙炔；
    和/或，所述烯烃选择苯乙烯；
    和/或，L 2选自IMes·HCl配体或SIMes·HCl配体；所述IMes·HCl配体的结构式为
    Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-100004
    所述SIMes·HCl配体的结构式为
    Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-100005
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：
    步骤(1)中，所述溶剂为质子或非质子溶剂；
    和/或，步骤(1)中，所述还原剂为H 2；
    和/或，步骤(3)中，所述碱为无机碱或有机碱；
    优选地，
    步骤(1)中，所述溶剂为四氢呋喃或四氢呋喃和甲苯的混合溶液；
    和/或，步骤(3)中，所述碱为无机碱；
    更优选地，
    步骤(1)中，所述四氢呋喃和甲苯的混合溶液中，四氢呋喃和甲苯的体积比为1:1；
    和/或，步骤(3)中，所述无机碱为无水碳酸钾。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述钌金属盐与配体L 1的摩尔比为1：(2.1～10)；
    和/或，所述钌金属盐与溶剂的质量体积比为10g：(30～150)mL；
    和/或，所述还原剂H 2的压强增加到1～100个大气压；
    和/或，所述钌金属盐与式I所示的炔烃的摩尔比为1：(1～10)；
    和/或，所述钌金属盐与式II所示的烯烃的摩尔比为1：(2～20)；
    和/或，所述钌金属盐、碱和目标配体L 2的摩尔比为1：(2.1～20)：(1.05～5)；
    优选地，
    所述钌金属盐与配体L 1的摩尔比为1:3～5；
    和/或，所述钌金属盐与溶剂的质量体积比为10g：(60～120)mL；
    和/或，所述还原剂H 2的压强增加到1.05个大气压；
    和/或，所述钌金属盐与式I所示的炔烃的摩尔比为1:2；
    和/或，所述钌金属盐与式II所示的烯烃的摩尔比为1:10；
    和/或，所述钌金属盐、碱和目标配体L 2的摩尔比为1:10:1.2。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：
    步骤(1)中，所述反应时加入稳定剂或者不加入稳定剂；
    和/或，步骤(1)中，所述反应温度为0～100℃，时间为30min～10h；
    和/或，步骤(2)中，所述反应温度为-20～50℃，反应时间为0.5～5h；
    和/或，步骤(3)中，所述加入烯烃后进行反应的反应温度为0～65℃，反应时间为10min～5h；
    和/或，步骤(3)中，所述加入碱和目标配体L 2后，在碱参与下，产物与目标配体L 2进行交换的反应温度为0～65℃，反应时间为0.5h～12h；
    优选地，
    步骤(1)中，所述稳定剂选自链状或环状的烯烃；
    和/或，步骤(1)中，所述反应温度为50℃，时间为10h；
    和/或，步骤(2)中，所述反应温度为-20～30℃，反应时间为2h；
    和/或，步骤(3)中，所述加入烯烃后进行反应的反应温度为60℃，反应时间为1h；
    和/或，步骤(3)中，所述加入碱和目标配体L 2后，在碱参与下，产物与目标配体L 2进行交换的反应温度为45～60℃，反应时间为1～3h；
    更优选地，所述稳定剂选自1-己烯或环己烯。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：反应得到钌-卡宾类化合物后要进行提纯，提纯步骤如下：去除反应溶剂，加入冰甲醇或冰丙酮打浆，过滤，洗涤滤饼，干燥滤饼，即得；
    优选地，
    所述洗涤滤饼为用冰甲醇或冰丙酮洗至滤液无色；
    和/或，所述干燥滤饼为室温真空干燥。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述钌-卡宾类化合物为如下化合物之一：
    Figure PCTCN2020130200-appb-100006
  10. 利用权利要求1～9任一项所述的方法制备得到的钌-卡宾类化合物在制备钌-卡宾催化剂中的用途。
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Citations (2)

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CN107233925A (zh) * 2016-03-28 2017-10-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种钌卡宾催化剂的制备方法

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CN101990543A (zh) * 2008-04-08 2011-03-23 赢创德固赛有限公司 制备钌卡宾络合物的方法
CN107233925A (zh) * 2016-03-28 2017-10-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种钌卡宾催化剂的制备方法

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