WO2022048219A1 - 一种自洁净化过滤布及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种自洁净化过滤布及制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022048219A1
WO2022048219A1 PCT/CN2021/098398 CN2021098398W WO2022048219A1 WO 2022048219 A1 WO2022048219 A1 WO 2022048219A1 CN 2021098398 W CN2021098398 W CN 2021098398W WO 2022048219 A1 WO2022048219 A1 WO 2022048219A1
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filter cloth
self
twist
cleaning filter
fibers
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PCT/CN2021/098398
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English (en)
French (fr)
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林仁文
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浙江省天台天峰滤料有限公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D03D13/008—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft characterised by weave density or surface weight
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C23/00—Making patterns or designs on fabrics
    • D06C23/04—Making patterns or designs on fabrics by shrinking, embossing, moiréing, or crêping
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
    • D06M11/57—Sulfates or thiosulfates of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table, e.g. alums
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/73—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/76—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon oxides or carbonates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/244—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D06M15/256—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/34—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
    • D06M2200/11—Oleophobic properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
    • D06M2200/12—Hydrophobic properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of industrial filter cloth, in particular to a self-cleaning filter cloth and a preparation method.
  • the filter cloth is mainly made of nylon fiber, polypropylene fiber and other woven filter cloth. Due to its good acid and alkali corrosion resistance and wear resistance, it is widely used in chemical, metallurgy and other fields for fluid liquid/solid separation, material purification, industrial filter press, centrifuge filter cloth, copper smelting, recycling, etc. Therefore, the most basic requirements of the filter cloth are good air permeability, fast water leakage, convenient cleaning, and long-term use.
  • the filter porosity of the filter cloth is controlled by the fineness of the warp and weft yarns, and the interlacing density of the warp and weft yarns.
  • the filtration accuracy of the commonly used filter cloth has reached 0.005 ⁇ m, so the interweaving density of warp and weft is high.
  • the filter cloth faces the problem that the pores are blocked.
  • the gap formed by the interweaving of the warp and weft yarns of the filter cloth is extremely small. As the particle size of the filtered particles decreases, fine particles are easily accumulated in the interweaving gaps of the warp and weft yarns, so that the micropores of the filter cloth gradually change. Small, until the filter cloth is blocked, resulting in reduced filtration efficiency and difficulty in cleaning. Frequent cleaning of the filter cloth will reduce the filtering accuracy and shorten the service life of the filter cloth.
  • Chinese Invention Patent Publication No. CN103952914A discloses a method for manufacturing a membrane-coated filter cloth by a wet method.
  • the filter cloth is dip-coated with an organic polymer material with high porosity, smooth surface, good elasticity and good wear resistance. coating agent, and then immerse the filter cloth coated with the coating agent in the coagulation bath, and control and adjust the temperature and residence time of the coagulation bath to obtain the required porosity and film thickness;
  • the filtration becomes surface filtration, so that the filtered material will not gather in the pores between the yarns of the filter cloth, and the filtered material is prevented from being blocked in the pores of the filter cloth.
  • Coating on the surface of filter cloth is a commonly used technology to solve the blockage of micropores.
  • the coating film is mainly combined with the base cloth by hot pressing or bonding.
  • the coating film is easy to fall off from the base cloth; on the other hand, the function of filtration is entirely on the coating film, so that the coating film directly impacts the material to be filtered, resulting in greater wear, larger micropore deformation, and greater filtration resistance. becomes larger, and the filtration efficiency decreases.
  • woven fabrics are mostly used as filter cloths at present. Due to the micropores of the fibers themselves and the interstitial micropores formed by the interweaving of the woven cloth, they have good filtering effect. Filter cloth plays an important role in solid-liquid separation, gas-phase solid-phase separation, dust removal, etc. However, in the process of filtration, due to the strong adsorption of the fibers of the woven fabric, particles or fine dust are very easy to adhere, and gradually block the micropores, affecting the production.
  • a typical example is: after using the jet mill to grind the nano-inorganic powder, it is necessary to use a filter cloth to filter and separate the high-speed airflow and the nano-powder.
  • the nano-inorganic powder Due to the small particle size of the nano-inorganic powder and the high-speed airflow, the nano-inorganic powder is extremely The micro-holes that are easy to penetrate into the woven fabric are filled with micro-holes. Technicians try to improve the structure and coating to prevent the clogging of filter cloth pores, but according to customer feedback, direct coating will lead to increased filtration resistance and reduced filtration efficiency.
  • the present invention proposes a A kind of self-cleaning filter cloth, by making the twisted yarn have self-cleaning properties, thereby forming self-cleaning micropores, so that fine dust and fine particles are not easy to adhere to, and prevent the fine dust from clogging the micropores of the fabric, so as to realize the filter cloth. Self-cleaning effect. Further, a preparation method for obtaining the self-cleaning filter cloth is specifically disclosed.
  • the present invention first provides a preparation method of a self-cleaning filter cloth, characterized in that the specific preparation method is as follows:
  • Sodium bicarbonate is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 8%, loaded into an infiltration tank, and then Z-twisted 30-50 polyamide fibers are passed through the infiltration tank to absorb sodium bicarbonate solution, and press filtration to remove excess sodium bicarbonate. liquid, spare;
  • step (3) plying the Z-twist nylon fiber pretreated in step (1) and the S-twist composite fiber pretreated in step (2) according to the Z-twist mode to form a strand;
  • step (3) the strands obtained in step (3) are continuously sent into the drying box, and the residence time in the drying box is 30-50s, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion forms a microporous film on the strands;
  • the strands obtained in step (4) are woven according to plain weave, and the warp density of weaving is 120 warp threads/cm and 90 weft threads/cm;
  • the roller is hot-pressed and shaped to obtain a self-cleaning filter cloth with bumps distributed on the surface.
  • the S-twisted 30-50-count composite fibers in step (2) are fiber yarns that are composite twisted by alumina fibers and nylon fibers.
  • the proportion of alumina fibers is 15-20%.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion in step (2) is a high-concentration polytetrafluoroethylene aqueous dispersion liquid with a solid content of 60 wt%.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion makes the composite fibers have good hydrophobicity and oleophobicity by dip-coating the S-twist composite fibers, so that the strands have self-cleaning properties after plying.
  • the present invention coats the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion on the twisted yarn fibers, and then folds them, so that the whole yarn has good self-cleaning properties without falling off.
  • the amount of alum added in step (2) is 3-5% of the mass of the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion.
  • the setting temperature of the drying box in step (4) is 100-110°C.
  • the radius of the array pits in step (5) is 0.5mm; heat-pressing and shaping by pressing rollers distributes bumps on the surface of the filter cloth to further prevent the filter material and fine dust from adhering to the surface of the filter cloth.
  • the present invention provides a self-cleaning filter cloth prepared by the above method, characterized in that the strands of the self-cleaning filter cloth are Z-twisted 30-50 polyamide fibers and S-twisted 30-50 polyamide fibers.
  • the composite fibers are made of Z-twisted strands. Since the Z-twisted 30-50 polyamide fibers are pre-impregnated with sodium bicarbonate solution, the S-twisted 30-50 composite fibers are pre-coated with PTFE emulsion containing alum. Sodium and alum generate gas, so that the strands maintain good micropores. There are micropores in the PTFE film, which greatly ensures the micropores of the strands.
  • the strands have good self-cleaning properties, and the woven filter cloth is not easy to adhere to fine particles, and has good self-cleaning properties, thus effectively solving the problem of clogging of filter cloth pores.
  • Another significant advantage is that, compared with directly coating the surface of the base cloth with the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion, the invention solves the problem of coating peeling, and the yarn is treated with the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion and folded to generate gas, so as to keep the yarn microscopic. At the same time of hole and self-cleaning, PTFE is firm in the strand and not easy to fall off.
  • the Z-twist nylon fiber soaked in sodium bicarbonate and the S-twist composite fiber coated with the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion containing alum are twisted according to the Z twist, and the process of the obtained strand is due to the generation of gas, thereby making the plying process.
  • the thread maintains good micropores, and the PTFE film has micropores, which greatly ensures the micropores of the strands.
  • the hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of the PTFE film of the strands make the strands have good self-cleaning properties.
  • the present invention solves the problem that the coating directly applied to the base cloth is easy to fall off, and the polytetrafluoroethylene is firm in the strands and is not easy to fall off.
  • the present invention makes full use of the filtration performance of the filtration itself, with low filtration resistance and high filtration efficiency.
  • the filter cloth prepared by the invention is not easy to adhere to fine particles, has good self-cleaning performance, reduces dust cleaning and cleaning times, and prolongs the service life of the filter cloth.
  • Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the self-cleaning filter cloth of the present invention. In the picture: 1 - The distribution of the filter cloth bumps.
  • Model FR301B which is a polytetrafluoroethylene aqueous phase dispersion containing non-ionic surfactant stabilizer provided by Shanghai Sanaifu New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Nylon fiber is nylon-66 fiber.
  • Sodium bicarbonate is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 8%, loaded into an infiltration tank, and then Z-twist 30 polyamide fibers are passed through the infiltration tank to absorb sodium bicarbonate solution, and press filtration to remove excess sodium bicarbonate solution, spare;
  • step (3) plying the Z-twist nylon fiber pretreated in step (1) and the S-twist composite fiber pretreated in step (2) according to the Z-twist mode to form a strand;
  • step (3) The strands obtained in step (3) are continuously sent into the drying box, the temperature of the drying box is set at 100-110°C, and the dwell time in the drying box is 30s, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion forms micropores in the strands membrane;
  • the strands obtained in step (4) are woven according to plain weave, and the warp density of weaving is 120 warp threads/cm and 90 weft threads/cm; the uniform distribution of the obtained grey fabric at 140° C. is an array concave with a radius of 0.5 mm.
  • the point pressing roller is hot-pressed and shaped, edge-sealed, and rolled to obtain a self-cleaning filter cloth with bumps distributed on the surface. As shown in Figure 1, 1 is the distribution bumps of the filter cloth, which facilitate the smooth separation of the filter material from the filter cloth.
  • the sodium bicarbonate is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 8%, and is loaded into the soaking tank, and then the Z-twist 40 polyamide fibers are passed through the soaking tank to absorb the sodium bicarbonate solution, and the excess sodium bicarbonate solution is removed by pressure filtration. spare;
  • step (3) plying the Z-twist nylon fiber pretreated in step (1) and the S-twist composite fiber pretreated in step (2) according to the Z-twist mode to form a strand;
  • step (3) The strands obtained in step (3) are continuously sent into the drying box, the temperature of the drying box is set at 100-110°C, and the dwell time in the drying box is 30s, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion forms micropores in the strands membrane;
  • the strands obtained in step (4) are woven according to plain weave, and the warp density of the weaving is 120 warps/cm and 90 wefts/cm; the obtained grey fabric is uniformly distributed at 150° C. at 150°C in an array concave with a radius of 0.5 mm.
  • the point pressing roller is hot-pressed and shaped, edge-sealed, and rolled to obtain a self-cleaning filter cloth with bumps distributed on the surface.
  • Sodium bicarbonate is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 8%, loaded into an infiltration tank, and then Z-twisted 50-count nylon fibers are passed through the infiltration tank to absorb sodium bicarbonate solution, and press filtration to remove excess sodium bicarbonate solution, spare;
  • step (3) plying the Z-twist nylon fiber pretreated in step (1) and the S-twist composite fiber pretreated in step (2) according to the Z-twist mode to form a strand;
  • step (3) The strands obtained in step (3) are continuously fed into the drying box, the temperature of the drying box is set at 100-110°C, and the dwell time in the drying box is 50s, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion forms micropores in the strands membrane;
  • the strands obtained in step (4) are woven according to plain weave, and the warp density of weaving is 120 warps/cm and 90 wefts/cm; the obtained grey fabric is uniformly distributed at 160° C. at 160°C with an array concave radius of 0.5 mm.
  • the point pressing roller is hot-pressed and shaped, edge-sealed, and rolled to obtain a self-cleaning filter cloth with bumps distributed on the surface.
  • Sodium bicarbonate is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 8%, loaded into an infiltration tank, and then Z-twist 30 polyamide fibers are passed through the infiltration tank to absorb sodium bicarbonate solution, and press filtration to remove excess sodium bicarbonate solution, spare;
  • step (3) plying the Z-twist nylon fiber pretreated in step (1) and the S-twist composite fiber pretreated in step (2) according to the Z-twist mode to form a strand;
  • step (3) (4) the strands obtained in step (3) are continuously sent into the drying box, the setting temperature of the drying box is 100-110 ° C, and the dwell time in the drying box is 30s, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion forms a film on the strands;
  • the strands obtained in step (4) are woven according to plain weave, and the warp density of weaving is 120 warp threads/cm and 90 weft threads/cm; the uniform distribution of the obtained grey fabric at 140° C. is an array concave with a radius of 0.5 mm.
  • the point pressing roller is hot-pressed and shaped, edge-sealed, and rolled to obtain a self-cleaning filter cloth with bumps distributed on the surface.
  • Sodium bicarbonate is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 8%, loaded into an infiltration tank, and then Z-twist 30 polyamide fibers are passed through the infiltration tank to absorb sodium bicarbonate solution, and press filtration to remove excess sodium bicarbonate solution, spare;
  • Alum is added to water to form a solution, and as a coating solution, 30 composite fibers of S twist are dip-coated in the coating solution; the composite fibers are fiber yarns made of alumina fibers and nylon fibers, and the proportion of alumina fibers is ratio of 20%;
  • step (3) plying the Z-twist nylon fiber pretreated in step (1) and the S-twist composite fiber pretreated in step (2) according to the Z-twist mode to form a strand;
  • step (3) (4) the strands obtained in step (3) are continuously sent into the drying box, the setting temperature of the drying box is 100-110 ° C, and the residence time in the drying box is 30s;
  • the strands obtained in step (4) are woven according to plain weave, and the warp density of weaving is 120 warp threads/cm and 90 weft threads/cm; the uniform distribution of the obtained grey fabric at 140° C. is an array concave with a radius of 0.5 mm.
  • the point pressing roller is hot-pressed and shaped, edge-sealed, and rolled to obtain a self-cleaning filter cloth with bumps distributed on the surface.
  • the composite fiber is a fiber yarn made of alumina fiber and nylon fiber, and the proportion of alumina fiber is 20%;
  • the obtained strands are woven according to plain weave, and the warp density of weaving is 120 warp threads/cm and 90 weft threads/cm; the obtained grey fabric is uniformly distributed at 140°C and is pressed with an array of concave points with a radius of 0.5 mm. Roller heat press setting;
  • Sodium bicarbonate is prepared into a solution with a mass concentration of 8%, loaded into an infiltration tank, and then Z-twist 30 polyamide fibers are passed through the infiltration tank to absorb sodium bicarbonate solution, and press filtration to remove excess sodium bicarbonate solution, spare;
  • step (3) plying the Z-twist nylon fiber pretreated in step (1) and the S-twist composite fiber pretreated in step (2) according to the Z-twist mode to form a strand;
  • step (3) The strands obtained in step (3) are continuously sent into the drying box, the temperature of the drying box is set at 100-110°C, and the dwell time in the drying box is 30s, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion forms micropores in the strands membrane;
  • the strands obtained in step (4) are woven according to plain weave, and the warp density of weaving is 120 warps/cm and 90 wefts/cm; edge sealing, coiling to obtain the self-cleaning filtration of surface distribution bumps cloth.
  • Example 1-3 With reference to the technical requirements of environmental protection products in "Film-coated filter material for bag filter” (HJT326-2006), the filter cloth obtained in Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-4 was subjected to wetting angle, air permeability and filtration resistance. 's test.
  • Air permeability refer to GB/T 5453 (Determination of Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics), the test area is 20cm 2 , the pressure difference on both sides of the test surface is 100Pa, and the air permeability is shown in Table 1.
  • Dynamic filtration resistance Test the dynamic resistance of the filter cloth with reference to HJ324-2006 6.3 (Technical requirements for environmental protection products for bag filter). The test data is shown in Table 1.
  • Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-4 are used for the filtration production of nitric acid leaching electrolytic copper anode slime, continuous filtration for 20 times, and do not need to be rinsed after removing the filter cake each time; after completing the 20th filtration Then, remove the filter cake, rinse the filter cloth with a water gun, dry it, and test the air permeability and filtration resistance, as shown in Table 2.
  • the filter cloth obtained by the present invention has hydrophobic and oleophobic properties while maintaining good air permeability and low filtration resistance, effectively preventing fine particles from adhering and clogging the filter cloth.
  • Microporous In Comparative Example 1, alum was not added to the coating solution for treating S-twist 30-count composite fibers, so that there was no gas-assisted strand micropore retention during plying, and sufficient micropores were not formed after PTFE film formation, and the strands were Although the self-cleaning property is good, the woven filter cloth has high filtration resistance and low filtration efficiency.
  • Comparative Example 2 when the S-twisted 30-count composite fiber was treated without adding PTFE emulsion, the obtained strands had self-cleaning properties. Poor, and it is easy to adhere to fine particles; Comparative Example 3 is a filter cloth treated for customers in the early stage, using the current conventional technology of coating the base cloth. Although this technology forms micropores in the coating and is self-cleaning, the filtration resistance is large and the filtration efficiency is low; in Comparative Example 4, no bumps were formed on the surface of the filter cloth, although the fine particles were not easy to adhere to and block the micropores, but the large particles existed The phenomenon of adhesion, the filter material is difficult to shake off, which has an impact on the production efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于工业用过滤布领域，具体涉及一种自洁净化过滤布及制备方法。通过将浸润碳酸氢钠的Z捻锦纶纤维与涂敷含有明矾的聚四氟乙烯乳液的S捻复合纤维按照Z捻合股，得到的股线的过程由于产生气体，从而使合股线保持良好的微孔，聚四氟乙烯成膜存在微孔；按照平纹机织，将股线织造的经密度为经线120根/cm，纬线90根/cm的坯布；将得到的坯布经140-160℃均匀分布阵列凹点的压辊热压定型，得到表面分布凸点的自洁净化过滤布。本发明得到的过滤布不易粘附微细颗粒，具有良好的自清洁性，从而有效解决了过滤布微孔的堵塞问题。

Description

一种自洁净化过滤布及制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于工业用过滤布领域，具体涉及一种自洁净化过滤布及制备方法。
背景技术
过滤布主要是利用锦纶纤维、丙纶纤维等机织的滤布。由于具有良好的耐酸碱腐蚀、耐磨性，在化工、冶金等领域被广泛应用于流体液/固分离、物料提纯、工业压滤机、离心机滤布、铜冶炼、回收利用等。因此，过滤布最基本的要求是透气性能好，漏水性快，清洗方便，满足长时间使用。
通常，过滤布的过滤孔隙度是靠经纱和纬纱的纤度、及经纱和纬纱交织的密度等来控制。尤其是随着对过滤要求的提高，目前常用的过滤布过滤精度已达到0.005μm，因此，经纱和纬纱的交织密度大。随着过滤精度的增加，过滤布面临着微孔被堵塞的问题。通常，过滤布经纱和纬纱的交织形成的缝隙极小，随着被过滤的颗粒粒径的降低，微细颗粒极易在经纱和纬纱的交织的缝隙驻留积累，使得过滤布的微孔隙逐渐变小，直至堵塞滤布，造成了过滤效率降低，清洗困难。过滤布的频繁清洗会造成过滤布过滤精度降低、使用寿命缩短。
目前，在解决过滤布堵孔方面已有相关技术报道。如中国发明专利公开号CN103952914A公开了一种湿法制造覆膜过滤布的方法，通过对过滤布浸涂一种具有高孔隙度、表面平滑、弹性良好、耐磨性良好的有机高分子材料的涂层剂，再将涂覆涂层剂的过滤布浸入凝固浴中，控制和调整凝固浴的温度和滞留时间获得了所需要的孔隙度和膜层厚度；所获得的覆膜过滤布将深层过滤变为表层过滤，使得所过滤的物料不会集结在所述滤布的纱线间的孔隙内，杜绝了所过滤的物料堵塞在过滤布的孔隙内。
在过滤布表面进行覆膜是目前解决微孔堵塞常用的技术，涂覆膜主要是以热压或粘合的方式与基布结合。然而，一方面涂覆膜容易与基布脱落；另一方面，过滤的功能全落在涂覆膜，使得涂覆膜直接与被过滤物料冲击接触，磨损较大，微孔形变大，过滤阻力变大，过滤效率降低。
本领域技术人员公知的，目前过滤布大都采用机织布，由于纤维自身的微孔和织布交织形成的间隙微孔，从而具有良好的过滤效果。过滤布在固液分离、气相固相分离、除尘等扮演重要的角色。但是在在过滤的使用过程中，由于机织布的纤维吸附性强，微粒或微尘极容易粘附，并逐步堵塞微孔，影响生产。一个典型的例子是：利用气流磨研磨处理纳米无机粉体后，需要利用过滤布将高速气流和纳米粉体过滤分离，由于纳米无机粉体粒径小，加之高速气流，使得纳米无机粉体极容易窜入织布的微孔都塞微孔。技术人员尝试在结构和涂层方面改进来防止过滤布微孔的堵塞问题，但根据客户反馈，直接的涂层胡导致过滤阻力加大、过 滤效率降低。
发明内容
针对目前压滤过滤布、除尘过滤布的织物微孔容易被微细颗粒、微尘堵塞的问题，对比现有采用涂覆膜解决微孔堵塞存在过滤阻力大、效率低的不足，本发明提出一种自洁净化过滤布，通过使捻制的纱线具有自洁性，从而形成自洁微孔，使微尘、微细颗粒不易粘附，防止微尘堵塞织物微孔，以此实现过滤布的自洁净效果。进一步，具体公开了获得该自洁净化过滤布的制备方法。
为实现上述技术效果，本发明首先提供一种自洁净化过滤布的制备方法，其特征在于，具体制备方法如下：
(1)将碳酸氢钠配制为质量浓度为8％的溶液，装入浸润池，然后将Z捻30-50支锦纶纤维经浸润池，吸附碳酸氢钠溶液，压滤除脱多余碳酸氢钠液，备用；
(2)将明矾加入聚四氟乙烯乳液分散均匀得到涂覆液，将S捻30-50支复合纤维浸涂涂覆液；
(3)将步骤(1)预处理的Z捻锦纶纤维与步骤(2)预处理的S捻复合纤维按照Z捻方式合股形成股线；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的股线连续送入烘干箱，在烘干箱停留时间30-50s，使聚四氟乙烯乳液在股线形成微孔膜；
(5)将步骤(4)得到的股线按照平纹机织，织造的经密度为经线120根/cm，纬线90根/cm；将得到的坯布经140-160℃均匀分布阵列凹点的压辊热压定型，得到表面分布凸点的自洁净化过滤布。
优选的，步骤(2)中所述S捻30-50支复合纤维是由氧化铝纤维与锦纶纤维复合捻制的纤维纱线。氧化铝纤维的占比为15-20％。通过复合氧化铝纤维，使得过滤布在耐磨损、耐老化方面性能有所提升。
优选的，步骤(2)中所述聚四氟乙烯乳液为固含量为60wt％的高浓度聚四氟乙烯水相分散液。聚四氟乙烯乳液通过浸涂S捻复合纤维，使复合纤维具有良好的疏水疏油性，从而在合股后使股线具备自洁性。不同于在基布表面涂覆聚四氟乙烯乳液，本发明将聚四氟乙烯乳液涂敷在捻制线纤维，然后再合股，使得整个股线自洁性良好，而不会脱落。
优选的，步骤(2)中所述明矾的加入量为聚四氟乙烯乳液质量的3-5％。通过在Z捻锦纶纤维浸润碳酸氢钠、在S捻复合纤维浸涂含有明矾的聚四氟乙烯乳液，在合股时碳酸氢钠与明矾产生气体，从而使合股线保持良好的微孔，聚四氟乙烯成膜存在微孔，极大地保证了股线的微孔隙。反应产生的氢氧化铝胶体作为股线的辅助粘合剂，从而在Z捻合股时纤维抱 合紧密。
优选的，步骤(4)中所述烘干箱设置温度为100-110℃。
优选的，步骤(5)中所述阵列凹点的半径为0.5mm；通过压辊热压定型，使过滤布表面分布凸点，进一步防止滤料、微尘粘附在过滤布的表面。
再者，本发明提供由上述方法制备得到的一种自洁净化过滤布，其特征在于，所述自洁净化过滤布的股线为Z捻30-50支锦纶纤维与S捻30-50支复合纤维按照Z捻合股而成，由于Z捻30-50支锦纶纤维预先浸润碳酸氢钠液，S捻30-50支复合纤维预先涂敷含有明矾的聚四氟乙烯乳液，在合股时碳酸氢钠与明矾产生气体，从而使合股线保持良好的微孔，聚四氟乙烯成膜存在微孔，极大地保证了股线的微孔隙，同时股线的聚四氟乙烯膜的疏水疏油性使股线具备良好自洁性，机织成的过滤布不易粘附微细颗粒，具有良好的自清洁性，从而有效解决了过滤布微孔的堵塞问题。另一显著的优势是，相比于基布表面直接涂敷聚四氟乙烯乳液，本发明解决了涂层脱落问题，通过聚四氟乙烯乳液处理纱线并合股、产生气体，保持股线微孔、自洁的同时，聚四氟乙烯在股线中牢固，不易脱落。
本发明一种自洁净化过滤布及制备方法，相比于现有技术，其突出的特点和显著的进步在于：
(1)本发明通过将浸润碳酸氢钠的Z捻锦纶纤维与涂敷含有明矾的聚四氟乙烯乳液的S捻复合纤维按照Z捻合股，得到的股线的过程由于产生气体，从而使合股线保持良好的微孔，聚四氟乙烯成膜存在微孔，极大地保证了股线的微孔隙，同时股线的聚四氟乙烯膜的疏水疏油性使股线具备良好自洁性。
(2)本发明解决了直接在基布涂敷涂层易脱落的问题，聚四氟乙烯在股线中牢固，不易脱落。
(3)相比于直接在基布涂敷涂层，本发明充分利用了过滤自身的过滤性能，过滤阻力小，过滤效率高。
(4)本发明制备的过滤布不易粘附微细颗粒，自洁净性能好，减少清理灰尘和清洗次数，延长过滤布的使用寿命。
附图说明
以下结合附图对本发明的自洁净化过滤布进一步说明：
图1是本发明自洁净化过滤布的结构图。图中：1-过滤布的分布的凸点。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的 实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的技术思路，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
使用的原料：
高浓度聚四氟乙烯水相分散液：型号为FR301B，是上海三爱富新材料科技有限公司提供的含非离子表面活性稳定剂的聚四氟乙烯水相分散液。
锦纶纤维是锦纶-66纤维。
实施例1
(1)将碳酸氢钠配制为质量浓度为8％的溶液，装入浸润池，然后将Z捻30支锦纶纤维经浸润池，吸附碳酸氢钠溶液，压滤除脱多余碳酸氢钠液，备用；
(2)将明矾加入固含量为60wt％的高浓度聚四氟乙烯水相分散液(市售型号为FR301B)分散均匀得到涂覆液，将S捻30支复合纤维浸涂涂覆液；明矾的加入量为聚四氟乙烯乳液质量的5％；复合纤维为氧化铝纤维与锦纶纤维复合捻制的纤维纱线，氧化铝纤维的占比为20％；
(3)将步骤(1)预处理的Z捻锦纶纤维与步骤(2)预处理的S捻复合纤维按照Z捻方式合股形成股线；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的股线连续送入烘干箱，烘干箱设置温度为100-110℃，在烘干箱停留时间30s，使聚四氟乙烯乳液在股线形成微孔膜；
(5)将步骤(4)得到的股线按照平纹机织，织造的经密度为经线120根/cm，纬线90根/cm；将得到的坯布经140℃均匀分布半径为0.5mm的阵列凹点的压辊热压定型，封边，卷取，得到表面分布凸点的自洁净化过滤布。如附图1，1为过滤布的分布的凸点，其利于滤料顺利与过滤布脱离。
实施例2
(1)将碳酸氢钠配制为质量浓度为8％的溶液，装入浸润池，然后将Z捻40支锦纶纤维经浸润池，吸附碳酸氢钠溶液，压滤除脱多余碳酸氢钠液，备用；
(2)将明矾加入固含量为60wt％的高浓度聚四氟乙烯水相分散液(市售型号为FR301B)分散均匀得到涂覆液，将S捻40支复合纤维浸涂涂覆液；明矾的加入量为聚四氟乙烯乳液质量的3％；复合纤维为氧化铝纤维与锦纶纤维复合捻制的纤维纱线，氧化铝纤维的占比为20％；
(3)将步骤(1)预处理的Z捻锦纶纤维与步骤(2)预处理的S捻复合纤维按照Z捻方式合股形成股线；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的股线连续送入烘干箱，烘干箱设置温度为100-110℃，在烘干箱停留时间30s，使聚四氟乙烯乳液在股线形成微孔膜；
(5)将步骤(4)得到的股线按照平纹机织，织造的经密度为经线120根/cm，纬线90 根/cm；将得到的坯布经150℃均匀分布半径为0.5mm的阵列凹点的压辊热压定型，封边，卷取，得到表面分布凸点的自洁净化过滤布。
实施例3
(1)将碳酸氢钠配制为质量浓度为8％的溶液，装入浸润池，然后将Z捻50支锦纶纤维经浸润池，吸附碳酸氢钠溶液，压滤除脱多余碳酸氢钠液，备用；
(2)将明矾加入固含量为60wt％的高浓度聚四氟乙烯水相分散液(市售型号为FR301B)分散均匀得到涂覆液，将S捻50支复合纤维浸涂涂覆液；明矾的加入量为聚四氟乙烯乳液质量的5％；复合纤维为氧化铝纤维与锦纶纤维复合捻制的纤维纱线，氧化铝纤维的占比为15％；
(3)将步骤(1)预处理的Z捻锦纶纤维与步骤(2)预处理的S捻复合纤维按照Z捻方式合股形成股线；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的股线连续送入烘干箱，烘干箱设置温度为100-110℃，在烘干箱停留时间50s，使聚四氟乙烯乳液在股线形成微孔膜；
(5)将步骤(4)得到的股线按照平纹机织，织造的经密度为经线120根/cm，纬线90根/cm；将得到的坯布经160℃均匀分布半径为0.5mm的阵列凹点的压辊热压定型，封边，卷取，得到表面分布凸点的自洁净化过滤布。
对比例1
(1)将碳酸氢钠配制为质量浓度为8％的溶液，装入浸润池，然后将Z捻30支锦纶纤维经浸润池，吸附碳酸氢钠溶液，压滤除脱多余碳酸氢钠液，备用；
(2)以固含量为60wt％的高浓度聚四氟乙烯水相分散液(市售型号为FR301B)为涂覆液，将S捻30支复合纤维浸涂涂覆液；复合纤维为氧化铝纤维与锦纶纤维复合捻制的纤维纱线，氧化铝纤维的占比为20％；
(3)将步骤(1)预处理的Z捻锦纶纤维与步骤(2)预处理的S捻复合纤维按照Z捻方式合股形成股线；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的股线连续送入烘干箱，烘干箱设置温度为100-110℃，在烘干箱停留时间30s，使聚四氟乙烯乳液在股线形成膜；
(5)将步骤(4)得到的股线按照平纹机织，织造的经密度为经线120根/cm，纬线90根/cm；将得到的坯布经140℃均匀分布半径为0.5mm的阵列凹点的压辊热压定型，封边，卷取，得到表面分布凸点的自洁净化过滤布。
对比例2
(1)将碳酸氢钠配制为质量浓度为8％的溶液，装入浸润池，然后将Z捻30支锦纶纤维经浸润池，吸附碳酸氢钠溶液，压滤除脱多余碳酸氢钠液，备用；
(2)将明矾加入水中形成溶液，作为涂覆液，将S捻30支复合纤维浸涂涂覆液；复合纤维为氧化铝纤维与锦纶纤维复合捻制的纤维纱线，氧化铝纤维的占比为20％；
(3)将步骤(1)预处理的Z捻锦纶纤维与步骤(2)预处理的S捻复合纤维按照Z捻方式合股形成股线；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的股线连续送入烘干箱，烘干箱设置温度为100-110℃，在烘干箱停留时间30s；
(5)将步骤(4)得到的股线按照平纹机织，织造的经密度为经线120根/cm，纬线90根/cm；将得到的坯布经140℃均匀分布半径为0.5mm的阵列凹点的压辊热压定型，封边，卷取，得到表面分布凸点的自洁净化过滤布。
对比例3
(1)将Z捻30支锦纶纤维与S捻30支复合纤维按照Z捻方式合股形成股线；复合纤维为氧化铝纤维与锦纶纤维复合捻制的纤维纱线，氧化铝纤维的占比为20％；
(2)将得到的股线按照平纹机织，织造的经密度为经线120根/cm，纬线90根/cm；将得到的坯布，经140℃均匀分布半径为0.5mm的阵列凹点的压辊热压定型；
(3)将碳酸氢钠、明矾加入聚四氟乙烯乳液，快速涂覆在定型坯布表面，烘干，得到涂覆层的过滤布。
对比例4
(1)将碳酸氢钠配制为质量浓度为8％的溶液，装入浸润池，然后将Z捻30支锦纶纤维经浸润池，吸附碳酸氢钠溶液，压滤除脱多余碳酸氢钠液，备用；
(2)将明矾加入固含量为60wt％的高浓度聚四氟乙烯水相分散液(市售型号为FR301B)分散均匀得到涂覆液，将S捻30支复合纤维浸涂涂覆液；明矾的加入量为聚四氟乙烯乳液质量的5％；复合纤维为氧化铝纤维与锦纶纤维复合捻制的纤维纱线，氧化铝纤维的占比为20％；
(3)将步骤(1)预处理的Z捻锦纶纤维与步骤(2)预处理的S捻复合纤维按照Z捻方式合股形成股线；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的股线连续送入烘干箱，烘干箱设置温度为100-110℃，在烘干箱停留时间30s，使聚四氟乙烯乳液在股线形成微孔膜；
(5)将步骤(4)得到的股线按照平纹机织，织造的经密度为经线120根/cm，纬线90根/cm；封边，卷取，得到表面分布凸点的自洁净化过滤布。
一、参照《袋式除尘器用覆膜滤料》(HJT326-2006)的环境保护产品技术要求，对实施例1-3、对比例1-4得到的过滤布进行浸润角、透气度、过滤阻力的测试。
1、接触角：利用针管分别在过滤布表面滴注水和1，2二氯甲烷(油)，观测过滤布表面 的水接触角、油接触角，如表1所示。
2、透气度：参考GB/T 5453(纺织织物透气性的测定)，测试面积为20cm 2，测试面两侧的压差为100Pa，透气度如表1所示。
3、动态过滤阻力：参照HJ324-2006 6.3(环境保护产品技术要求袋式除尘器用滤料)测试过滤布的动态阻力，测试数据如表1所示。
表1：
Figure PCTCN2021098398-appb-000001
二、对实施例1-3、对比例1-4得到的过滤布用于硝酸浸出电解铜阳极泥的过滤生产，连续过滤20次，每次清除滤饼后不用冲洗；在完成第20次过滤后，清除滤饼，用水枪冲洗滤布浮，烘干，对透气度、过滤阻力进行测试，如表2所示。
表2：
Figure PCTCN2021098398-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021098398-appb-000003
通过上述对过滤布的性能测试和使用后的过滤阻力测试，本发明得到的过滤布具有疏水疏油性的同时保持良好的透气和较低的过滤阻力，有效防止微细颗粒粘附、堵塞过滤布的微孔。对比例1在处理S捻30支复合纤维的涂覆液中没有加入明矾，从而在合股时没有气体辅助股线的微孔保留，聚四氟乙烯成膜后没有形成足够的微孔，股线尽管自洁性好，但机织后的过滤布过滤阻力大，过滤效率较低；对比例2中在处理S捻30支复合纤维时没有加入聚四氟乙烯乳液，得到的股线自洁性较差，容易粘附微细颗粒；对比例3为前期为客户处理的过滤布，采用了目前常规的在基布涂覆涂层的技术。该技术尽管在涂层形成了微孔，而且自洁，但过滤阻力大，过滤效率低；对比例4没有在过滤布表面定型凸点，尽管微细颗粒不易粘附堵塞微孔，但大颗粒存在粘附的现象，滤料抖落难度大，对生产效率有影响。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种自洁净化过滤布的制备方法，其特征在于，具体制备方法如下：
    (1)将碳酸氢钠配制为质量浓度为8％的溶液，装入浸润池，然后将Z捻30-50支锦纶纤维经浸润池，吸附碳酸氢钠溶液，压滤除脱多余碳酸氢钠液，备用；
    (2)将明矾加入聚四氟乙烯乳液分散均匀得到涂覆液，将S捻30-50支复合纤维浸涂涂覆液；
    (3)将步骤(1)预处理的Z捻锦纶纤维与步骤(2)预处理的S捻复合纤维按照Z捻方式合股形成股线；
    (4)将步骤(3)得到的股线连续送入烘干箱，在烘干箱停留时间30-50s，使聚四氟乙烯乳液在股线形成微孔膜；
    (5)将步骤(4)得到的股线按照平纹机织，织造的经密度为经线120根/cm，纬线90根/cm；将得到的坯布经140-160℃均匀分布阵列凹点的压辊热压定型，得到表面分布凸点的自洁净化过滤布。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种自洁净化过滤布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述S捻30-50支复合纤维是由氧化铝纤维与锦纶纤维复合捻制的纤维纱线；氧化铝纤维的占比为15-20％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述一种自洁净化过滤布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述聚四氟乙烯乳液为固含量为60wt％的高浓度聚四氟乙烯水相分散液。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述一种自洁净化过滤布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述明矾的加入量为聚四氟乙烯乳液质量的3-5％。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述一种自洁净化过滤布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中所述烘干箱设置温度为100-110℃。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述一种自洁净化过滤布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(5)中所述阵列凹点的半径为0.5mm。
  7. 一种由权利要求1-6任一项制备方法制备得到的自洁净化过滤布。
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