WO2022047716A1 - 一种工业尾气的处理方法及其系统 - Google Patents

一种工业尾气的处理方法及其系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022047716A1
WO2022047716A1 PCT/CN2020/113344 CN2020113344W WO2022047716A1 WO 2022047716 A1 WO2022047716 A1 WO 2022047716A1 CN 2020113344 W CN2020113344 W CN 2020113344W WO 2022047716 A1 WO2022047716 A1 WO 2022047716A1
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ammonia
gas treatment
tail gas
exhaust gas
sulfate
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PCT/CN2020/113344
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周明明
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杭州铅锂智行科技有限公司
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Application filed by 杭州铅锂智行科技有限公司 filed Critical 杭州铅锂智行科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2020/113344 priority Critical patent/WO2022047716A1/zh
Priority to CN202011325470.7A priority patent/CN112582606B/zh
Priority to CN202011325463.7A priority patent/CN112551573A/zh
Priority to CN202011327000.4A priority patent/CN112811464A/zh
Priority to CN202011326999.0A priority patent/CN112661182A/zh
Priority to CN202011326988.2A priority patent/CN112607767A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/131215 priority patent/WO2022048042A1/zh
Publication of WO2022047716A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022047716A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of industrial tail gas treatment.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating industrial tail gas, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: smelting at high temperature in a smelting device, and discharge the tail gas; Step 2, pass the discharged tail gas into the gas
  • the purification device obtains a liquid containing ammonium carbonate and ammonium sulfate; Step 3, the generated liquid containing ammonium carbonate and ammonium sulfate is transported to the tail gas treatment product conversion device to obtain lead carbonate and lead sulfate solid precipitate and ammonium sulfate solution;
  • Step 4 The ammonia sulfate solution in step 3 is sent to the gypsum generating device to obtain calcium sulfate and ammonia water, and the generated ammonia water is sent to the gas purification device.
  • described step 3 also includes the step of carrying out solid-liquid separation with the solid precipitate of lead carbonate and lead sulfate and ammonia sulfate solution
  • described step 4 also includes the step of carrying out solid-liquid separation with calcium sulfate, ammoniacal liquor.
  • step 4 also includes the step of washing calcium sulfate for subsequent use.
  • the step 4 also includes the step of blowing oxygen into the gypsum generating device.
  • step 4 ammonia gas is also generated, and the ammonia gas is sent to the gas purification device.
  • the gas purification device is an ammonia gas purification device.
  • the ammonia process gas purification device includes a first-level ammonia water spray tower and a second-level ammonia water spray tower, the tail gas discharged in the step 1 is passed into the first-level ammonia water spray tower, and the first-level ammonia water spray tower is A small amount of incompletely absorbed gas is transported from the primary ammonia water spray tower to the secondary spray tower to absorb and prepare a solution containing ammonia carbonate and ammonium sulfate. When the concentration of ammonia carbonate in the secondary spray tower reaches the requirement, it is transported to the tail gas treatment product conversion device.
  • the invention also protects an industrial exhaust gas treatment system and an industrial exhaust gas treatment device.
  • the industrial tail gas treatment system and method of the invention can reduce the tail gas treatment cost and improve the tail gas treatment efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the industrial exhaust gas treatment system of the present invention.
  • an industrial exhaust gas treatment system of the present invention includes a smelting device 1 and an industrial exhaust gas treatment device, and the industrial exhaust gas treatment device includes a heat exchanger 2, a gas purification device 3, an exhaust gas treatment product conversion device 4, a first A solid-liquid separation device 5, a gypsum generation device 6, and a second solid-liquid separation device 7;
  • the smelting device 1 includes a tail gas outlet 8, and the tail gas outlet 8 communicates with the air inlet 9 of the heat exchanger 2, and the exhaust gas of the heat exchanger 2
  • the port 10 is communicated with the air inlet 11 of the gas purification device 3 (3a), the exhaust port 12 of the gas purification device 3 (3a) is communicated with the feed port 14 of the tail gas treatment product conversion device 4, and the outlet of the tail gas treatment product conversion device 4 is communicated.
  • the feeding port 15 is communicated with the feeding port 16 of the first solid-liquid separation device 5 , the feeding port 17 and the feeding port 18 of the first solid-liquid separation device 5 , and the feeding port 17 and the feeding port 19 of the gypsum generating device 6 Connected, the exhaust port 25 of the gypsum generating device 6 is communicated with the air inlet 11 of the gas purification device 3, the outlet 21 of the gypsum generating device 6 is communicated with the feeding port 22 of the second solid-liquid separation device 7, and the second solid-liquid separation device 7 is connected.
  • the discharge port 23 of the liquid separation device 7 is communicated with the feed port 26 of the gas purification device 3 (3a), and may also be communicated with the intake port 11 of the gas purification device 3 (3a).
  • the processing method of the industrial tail gas of the present invention is as follows: high temperature smelting is carried out in the smelting device 1, the tail gas formed in the smelting device 1 includes carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, and the tail gas of the gas including carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide can be transported to the heat exchanger 2 through a pipeline for carrying out Cooling treatment, the tail gas after the cooling treatment can be transported to the gas purification device 3 with ammonia water through pipelines to obtain a liquid containing ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate, and the liquid containing ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate flows to the tail gas treatment product through the transport pipeline.
  • the material containing lead sulfate in the tail gas treatment product conversion device 4 the liquid comprising ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate flows into the tail gas treatment product conversion device 4 and reacts with the lead sulfate to obtain a mixture containing ammonium sulfate, lead carbonate and residual sulfuric acid.
  • the solid-liquid mixture of lead after the solid-liquid mixture is sent to the first solid-liquid separation device 5, the separated liquid ammonia sulfate is sent to the gypsum generating device 6, and the gypsum generating device 6 has a mixture of calcium oxide and water or calcium hydroxide , after the separated liquid ammonia sulfate is transported into the gypsum generating device 6, the reaction obtains calcium sulfate (common name gypsum) and ammonia or ammonia and ammonia, and the obtained calcium sulfate and ammonia are transported to the second solid-liquid separation device 7 to obtain The calcium sulfate is washed and sold as a raw material.
  • the obtained ammonia gas is preferably also sent to the gas purification device 3 .
  • the solid containing lead carbonate and lead sulfate separated by the first solid-liquid separation device 5 can be recovered and smelted, for example, recovered through the discharge port 18 .
  • the device of the present invention processes the tail gas obtained by smelting through ammonia water to obtain a liquid containing ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate, and reacts the liquid of ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate with the lead sulfate of waste lead plaster to obtain ammonia sulfate,
  • the obtained ammonium sulfate is transported into the gypsum generating device 6, so that the ammonium sulfate obtained after the tail gas treatment reacts with the lead sulfate of the waste lead plaster to obtain the ammonium sulfate and utilizes them together, so that the conversion of the ammonium sulfate is improved while the output of the ammonium sulfate is improved.
  • the gas purification device 3 of the present invention is preferably an ammonia method gas purification device, including a first-stage ammonia water spray tower 3a, and may also include a second-stage spray tower 3b.
  • the conversion device 4 ensures that the gas in the exhaust gas can be fully absorbed, so that as much gypsum as possible can be finally formed.
  • the solid-liquid separation device of the present invention can perform solid-liquid separation using a suitable method such as a scraper method and a centrifugal method.
  • the industrial tail gas treatment device of the present invention may further comprise a washing device, and the washing device is used for washing the calcium sulfate solid precipitate for use.
  • hydrogen peroxide can be added to the ammonia gas purification device to convert sulfite ions into Sulfate ions form ammonium sulfate.
  • an oxygen blowing port can also be provided at the gypsum generating device 6, and the calcium sulfite that may be generated at the gypsum generating device 6 can be converted into calcium sulfate by blowing oxygen. It can also be set by adding hydrogen peroxide and blowing oxygen at the same time.
  • the transportation of products between the various components of the industrial exhaust gas treatment system of the present invention can be carried out through pipelines through liquids and gases, and through conveying belts for solids, or through other suitable means.
  • other devices can be communicated through pipes.
  • the conveyor belt can be driven by a motor.
  • the circulation of liquid or gas in the pipeline can be realized by the pump or by the position setting of each device. For example, the position of the gas input device is higher than the position of the gas output device, and the position of the liquid input device is lower than the position of the gas output device.
  • the position of the gas purification device 3 is higher than the position of the heat exchanger 2
  • the position of the heat exchanger 2 is higher than the position of the smelting device 1
  • the position of the tail gas treatment product conversion device 4 is lower than the position of the gas purification device 3 to ensure that
  • the liquid containing ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate flows into the tail gas treatment product conversion device 4,
  • the position of the first solid-liquid separation device 5 is located below the tail gas treatment product conversion device 4
  • the position of the gypsum generation device 6 is located in the first solid-liquid separation device. 5 below the position and so on.
  • Such a setting can ensure that the entire smelting tail gas treatment product can be used to form a cycle.
  • the present invention is a lead smelting system, by smelting lead carbonate, the smelting temperature is determined by lead oxide, the melting point of lead oxide is 888°C, and the melting temperature is above 900°C, and the melting point of lead sulfate is directly 1087°C for lead smelting. , the smelting temperature needs to reach above 1100 °C, and the energy saving effect is also achieved.
  • the industrial exhaust gas treatment device of the industrial exhaust gas treatment system of the present invention can be set up in the occasion of industrial exhaust gas emission, as long as the raw material waste lead paste is provided from the battery manufacturer to the industrial exhaust gas emission enterprises, such as power plants and other places, and purchase a certain amount of waste gas.
  • Calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide As a battery production enterprise, waste lead paste is a hazardous substance that needs to be processed. Under the concept of the present invention, waste lead paste can be used cost-free as a raw material for industrial exhaust emission enterprises. Because lead has value, it can be obtained after exhaust gas treatment.
  • the lead-containing compounds such as lead carbonate can be transported back to the battery manufacturer for re-smelting or on-site smelting.
  • a method for utilizing a smelting tail gas treatment product of the present invention is as follows, step 1: carry out high temperature smelting in a smelting device, and discharge the tail gas.
  • step 2 The tail gas from the smelting furnace is cooled by the heat exchanger and then enters the ammonia gas purification device for absorption, decarburization and desulfurization, and reacts to obtain a solution containing ammonia carbonate and ammonia sulfate.
  • Step 3 The solution containing ammonium carbonate and ammonium sulfate obtained by the ammonia method gas purification device is transported to the tail gas treatment product conversion device with built-in waste lead paste, and the solid precipitate containing lead carbonate and residual lead sulfate and ammonium sulfate solution are obtained.
  • the ammonia sulfate solution here includes the ammonia sulfate obtained by the reaction of ammonia carbonate and the lead sulfate in the lead paste, and may also include the ammonia sulfate obtained after desulfurization in step 2.
  • Step 4 the ammonia sulfate solution in step 3 is transported to the gypsum generating device, and put into quicklime or slaked lime for reaction to obtain gypsum, ammonia water, or ammonia water and ammonia gas, and the obtained gypsum and ammonia water are transported to the second solid-liquid separation device, The separated gypsum is rinsed with a small amount of pure water and used for later use. The obtained ammonia water and the ammonia gas are transported to the ammonia gas purification device through pipelines for absorbing and purifying the smelting tail gas.
  • Step 3 may also include the step of transporting the solid precipitate of lead carbonate and residual lead sulfate and the ammonia sulfate solution into the first solid-liquid separation device for solid-liquid separation to obtain the solid precipitate of lead carbonate and residual lead sulfate and the ammonia sulfate solution.
  • the gas purification device is an ammonia gas purification device, including a first-level ammonia spray tower and a second-level ammonia spray tower, and a small amount of incompletely absorbed gas in the first-level ammonia spray tower is removed from the first-level ammonia spray tower.
  • the top overflows and is transported to the secondary spray tower to absorb and prepare a solution containing ammonia carbonate and ammonium sulfate.

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Abstract

提供一种工业尾气的处理方法，一种工业尾气的处理系统和一种工业尾气处理装置。所述处理方法包括如下步骤：步骤1：在熔炼装置（1）内高温熔炼，并排出尾气；步骤2，将排出的尾气通入气体净化装置（3），得到包含碳酸氨和硫酸氨的液体；步骤3，将生成的包含碳酸氨和硫酸氨的液体输送到尾气处理产物转化装置（4），得到碳酸铅和硫酸铅固体沉淀物和硫酸氨溶液；步骤4：将步骤3中的硫酸氨溶液输送至石膏生成装置（6），得到硫酸钙、氨水，生成的氨水输送至气体净化装置（3）。所述的工业尾气的处理系统和方法，降低尾气处理成本、提高尾气处理效率。

Description

一种工业尾气的处理方法及其系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种工业尾气处理技术领域。
背景技术
当前全球工业尾气的排放，导致全球温室效应的加重，因此对工业尾气进行处理对减少全球温室效应具有重要的意义。现有的技术中，已存在对工业尾气进行处理的方法，如氨水等。虽然对尾气进行了处理，但对处理产生的物质如何进一步处理并没有更好的方法。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种工业尾气的处理方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：步骤1：在熔炼装置内高温熔炼，并排出尾气；步骤2，将排出的尾气通入气体净化装置，得到包含碳酸氨和硫酸氨的液体；步骤3，将生成的包含碳酸氨和硫酸氨的液体输送到尾气处理产物转化装置，得到碳酸铅和硫酸铅固体沉淀物和硫酸氨溶液；步骤4：将步骤3中的硫酸氨溶液输送至石膏生成装置，得到硫酸钙、氨水，生成的氨水输送至气体净化装置。
进一步地，所述步骤3还包括将碳酸铅和硫酸铅的固体 沉淀物与硫酸氨溶液进行固液分离的步骤，所述步骤4还包括将硫酸钙、氨水进行固液分离的步骤。
进一步地，步骤4中还包括将硫酸钙洗涤备用的步骤。
进一步地，所述步骤4还包括向所述石膏生成装置内吹入氧气的步骤。
进一步地，所述步骤4中还生成氨气，所述氨气输送至所述气体净化装置。
进一步地，所述气体净化装置为氨法气体净化装置。
进一步地，所述氨法气体净化装置包括一级氨水喷淋塔和二级氨水喷淋塔，所述步骤1中排出的尾气通入一级氨水喷淋塔，所述一级氨水喷淋塔少量未完全吸收的气体从一级氨水喷淋塔输送至二级喷淋塔吸收制备包含碳酸氨和硫酸氨的溶液，当二级喷淋塔内碳酸氨的浓度达到要求后输送至尾气处理产物转化装置。
本发明还保护了一种工业尾气的处理系统和一种工业尾气处理装置。
本发明的工业尾气的处理系统和方法，降低尾气处理成本、提高尾气处理效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明工业尾气处理系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体附图对本发明做进一步描述。
如图1所示，本发明一种工业尾气的处理系统包括熔炼装置1和和工业尾气处理装置、和工业尾气处理装置包括换热器2、气体净化装置3、尾气处理产物转化装置4、第一固液分离装置5、石膏生成装置6、第二固液分离装置7；熔炼装置1包括尾气出口8，尾气出口8与换热器2的进气口9相通，换热器2的排气口10与气体净化装置3(3a)的进气口11连通，气体净化装置3(3a)排气口12与尾气处理产物转化装置4的进料口14连通，尾气处理产物转化装置4的出料口15与第一固液分离装置5的进料口16连通，第一固液分离装置5的出料口17和出料口18，出料口17与石膏生成装置6的进料口19连通，石膏生成装置6的排气口25与气体净化装置3的进气口11连通，石膏生成装置6的出料口21与第二固液分离装置7的进料口22连通，第二固液分离装置7的出料口23与气体净化装置3(3a)的进料口26连通，也可以与气体净化装置3(3a)的进气口11连通。
本发明的工业尾气的处理方法如下：熔炼装置1内进行高温熔炼，在熔炼装置1内形成尾气包括二氧化碳和二氧化硫，将包括二氧化碳和二氧化硫的气体的尾气可以通过管道输送到换热器2内进行降温处理，降温处理后的尾气可以通过管道输送到存有氨水的气体净化装置3内，得到包含硫酸 氨和碳酸氨的液体，包含硫酸氨和碳酸氨的液体通过输送管道流动到尾气处理产物转化装置4内，尾气处理产物转化装置4内含有硫酸铅的物质，包含硫酸氨和碳酸氨的液体流动到尾气处理产物转化装置4内后与硫酸铅反应，得到包含硫酸氨、碳酸铅以及残余硫酸铅的固液混合物，固液混合物输送到第一固液分离装置5后，分离出的液体硫酸氨输送到石膏生成装置6内，石膏生成装置6内具有氧化钙和水的混合物或氢氧化钙，在分离出的液体硫酸氨输送到石膏生成装置6内后，反应得到硫酸钙(俗名石膏)和氨水或氨水和氨气，得到的硫酸钙和氨水输送到第二固液分离装置7，得到的硫酸钙进行洗涤后，作为原料卖出。为保证去除尾气中足够的二氧化碳或二氧化硫，以最终能生产尽可能多的石膏，得到的氨气最好也输送到气体净化装置3内。第一固液分离装置5分离出的包含碳酸铅和硫酸铅的固体可进行回收并冶炼，如通过出料口18进行回收。本发明的装置通过对熔炼得到的尾气通过氨水进行处理得到产物包含硫酸氨和碳酸氨的液体进行一并处理，将硫酸氨和碳酸氨的液体与废旧铅膏的硫酸铅反应，得到硫酸氨，得到的硫酸氨输送到石膏生成装置6内，使得尾气处理后得到的硫酸氨和与废旧铅膏的硫酸铅反应得到硫酸氨一并进行利用，提高硫酸氨产量的同时也提高了硫酸氨的转化效率，并最终转化为石膏和氨水，从而保证产出最大量的石膏。由于石膏是原料，得到3份石膏只 要消耗大概1份的生石灰，在石膏和生石灰市场价值相当的情况下，产生极高的经济价值。本发明的气体净化装置3最好为氨法气体净化装置，包括一级氨水喷淋塔3a，还可以包括二级喷淋塔3b，一级氨水喷淋塔3a如有少量未完全吸收的气体可以从一级氨水喷淋塔3a顶部溢出并通过管道输送至二级喷淋塔3b用氨水吸收制备碳酸胺或碳酸氢胺溶液，碳酸胺或碳酸氢胺溶度达到要求后输送至尾气处理产物转化装置4，这样确保尾气中的气体能够充分吸收，从而可以最终形成尽可能多的石膏。本发明的固液分离装置可以使用刮板法、离心法等合适的方式进行固液分离。本发明的工业尾气处理装置还可以包括洗涤装置，洗涤装置用于洗涤硫酸钙固体沉淀物以备用。为保证氨法气体净化装置能在吸收尾气后能得到尽可能多的硫酸氨，进而在后续能获得尽可能多的石膏，可以在氨法气体净化装置内加入双氧水，将亚硫酸根离子转为硫酸根离子，形成硫酸氨。此外也可以在石膏生成装置6处，设置吹氧口，将石膏生成装置6处可能产生的亚硫酸钙，通过吹氧，转化成硫酸钙。也可以加入双氧水和吹氧同时进行设置。
本发明的工业尾气的处理系统的各个组成部分之间产物的输送通过液体和气体可以通过管道传输、固体可以通过传输带传输，也可以通过其他合适的方式进行传输。熔炼装置1与第一固液分离装置5之间通过输送带连通之外，其他 装置之间可以通过管道连通。输送带可以通过电机带动。管道内液体或气体的流通可以通过泵来实现，也可以通过各个装置的位置设置来实现，如气体输入装置的位置高于气体输出装置的位置，液体输入装置的位置低于气体输出装置的位置，也就是气体净化装置3的位置高于换热器2的位置，换热器2的位置高于熔炼装置1的位置，尾气处理产物转化装置4的位置低于气体净化装置3的位置，确保包含硫酸氨和碳酸氨的液体流动到尾气处理产物转化装置4内，第一固液分离装置5的位置位于尾气处理产物转化装置4的下方，石膏生成装置6的位置位于第一固液分离装置5的位置的下方等等。这样的设置可以确保整个熔炼尾气处理产物利用可以形成循环，原料只要不断提供废旧铅膏以及氢氧化钙或氧化钙和水，既可以实现得到石膏的循环系统，该循环系统在处理尾气的同时，对尾气处理产物进行利用，得到石膏的效率高、产量大。由于是循环系统，反应完成后的水不需要不断的外排，满足环保要求。同时本发明如果是铅冶炼系统，通过对碳酸铅进行铅冶炼，熔炼温度由氧化铅决定，氧化铅熔点888℃，熔炼温度在900℃以上，而直接用硫酸铅进行铅冶炼硫酸铅熔点1087℃，冶炼温度需要达到1100℃以上，同时也实现节能效果。
本发明的工业尾气的处理系统的工业尾气处理装置，可以设立在工业尾气排放的场合，只要将原料废旧铅膏从电池 生产厂家提供给工业尾气排放的企业，比如电厂等地方，以及购买一定的氢氧化钙或氧化钙。废旧铅膏作为电池生产企业是需要进行处理的危物，在本发明的构思下，废旧铅膏将作为工业尾气排放企业的原材料可以进行无成本的使用，由于铅具有价值，在尾气处理后得到的含铅化合物如碳酸铅等可以运回电池生产厂家重新冶炼也可以就地冶炼，另外由于石膏和生石灰或熟石灰的购买价格相当，但石膏的产量为投入的生石灰或熟石灰的分量的3倍，因此，对于工业尾气排放企业在处理工业尾气的同时，也带来了经济效益。对于电池生产厂家来说，对废旧铅膏进行脱硫，也不需要购买二氧化碳气体，可以直接对工业尾气排放企业的尾气进行利用，实现双赢的结果。
本发明的一种熔炼尾气处理产物利用的方法，如下，步骤1：在熔炼装置内进行高温熔炼，并排出尾气。步骤2：熔炼炉出来的尾气经过换热器降温处理后进入氨法气体净化装置吸收进行脱碳，脱硫，反应得到包含碳酸氨和硫酸氨的溶液。步骤3：将氨法气体净化装置得到的包含碳酸氨和硫酸氨的的溶液输送至内置有废铅膏的尾气处理产物转化装置，得到含碳酸铅和残余硫酸铅的固体沉淀物与硫酸氨溶液，此处的硫酸氨溶液包括碳酸氨与铅膏中的硫酸铅反应得到的硫酸氨也可以包括步骤2中脱硫后得到的硫酸氨。步骤4：将步骤3中的硫酸氨溶液输送至石膏生成装置，并投入 生石灰或熟石灰进行反应，得到石膏、氨水、或氨水和氨气，得到的石膏与氨水输送至第二固液分离装置，分离出的石膏用少量纯水淋洗后备用，得到的氨水和通过管道输送至氨法气体净化装置用于吸收净化熔炼尾气，反应过程溢出的氨气最好也通过管道输送至氨法气体净化装置用于吸收净化熔炼尾气；将步骤3中的碳酸铅和残余硫酸铅的固体沉淀物进行收集并进一步处理。步骤3还可以包括将碳酸铅和残余硫酸铅的固体沉淀物与硫酸氨溶液输送入第一固液分离装置固液分离，得到碳酸铅和残余硫酸铅的固体沉淀物与硫酸氨溶液的步骤。
此外，步骤2中：气体净化装置为氨法气体净化装置，包括一级氨水喷淋塔和二级氨水喷淋塔，一级氨水喷淋塔少量未完全吸收的气体从一级氨水喷淋塔顶部溢出并通过管道输送至二级喷淋塔吸收制备包含碳酸氨和硫酸氨的溶液，当碳酸氨的浓度达到要求后输送至尾气处理产物转化装置进行利用。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种工业尾气的处理方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：步骤1：在熔炼装置内高温熔炼，并排出尾气；步骤2，将排出的尾气通入气体净化装置，得到包含碳酸氨和硫酸氨的液体；步骤3，将生成的包含碳酸氨和硫酸氨的液体输送到尾气处理产物转化装置，得到碳酸铅和硫酸铅固体沉淀物和硫酸氨溶液；步骤4：将步骤3中的硫酸氨溶液输送至石膏生成装置，得到硫酸钙、氨水，生成的氨水输送至气体净化装置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种工业尾气的处理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3还包括将碳酸铅和硫酸铅的固体沉淀物与硫酸氨溶液进行固液分离的步骤，所述步骤4还包括将硫酸钙、氨水进行固液分离的步骤。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种工业尾气的处理方法，其特征在于，步骤4中还包括将硫酸钙洗涤备用的步骤。
  4. 如权利要求1、2或3任意一项所述的一种工业尾气的处理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4还包括向所述石膏生成装置内吹入氧气的步骤。
  5. 如权利要求1、2或3任意一项所述的一种工业尾气的处理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4中还生成氨气，所述氨气输送至所述气体净化装置。
  6. 如权利要求1、2或3任意一项所述的一种工业尾气的处理方法，其特征在于，所述气体净化装置为氨法气体净化装置。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种工业尾气的处理方法，其特征在于，所述氨法气体净化装置包括一级氨水喷淋塔和二级氨水喷淋塔，所述步骤1中排出的尾气通入一级氨水喷淋塔，所述一级氨水喷淋塔少量未完全吸收的气体从一级氨水喷淋塔输送至二级喷淋塔吸收制备包含碳酸氨和硫酸氨的溶液，当二级喷淋塔内碳酸氨的浓度达到要求后输送至尾气处理产物转化装置。
  8. 一种工业尾气的处理系统，包括熔炼装置和工业尾气处理装置，所述工业尾气处理装置包括氨法气体净化装置、内置有废旧铅膏的尾气处理产物转化装置、内置有生石灰或熟石灰的石膏生成装置，其特征在于，所述熔炼装置与所述氨法气体净化装置连通，所述氨法气体净化装置与所述尾气处理产物转化装置连通，所述所述尾气处理产物转化装置的产物包括硫酸铅和碳酸铅的固体沉淀物和硫酸氨溶液，所述石膏生成装置用于接收所述硫酸氨溶液，所述石膏生成装置的产物包括硫酸钙固体沉淀物和氨水溶液，所述氨法气体净化装置用于接收所述氨水溶液。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种工业尾气的处理系统，其特征在于，所述工业尾气处理装置还包括第一固液分离装置和第二固液分离装置，所述第一固液分离装置用于固液分离所述尾气处理产物转化装置的产物，所述第二固液分离装置用于固液分离所述石膏生成装置的产物。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的一种工业尾气的处理系统，其特征在于， 所述工业尾气处理装置还包括洗涤装置，所述洗涤装置用于洗涤所述硫酸钙固体沉淀物。
  11. 如权利要求8-10任意一项所述的一种工业尾气的处理系统，其特征在于，所述石膏生成装置的产物还包括氨气，所述氨法气体净化装置用于接收所述氨气。
  12. 如权利要求8-10任意一项所述的一种工业尾气的处理系统，其特征在于，所述氨法气体净化装置包括一级氨水喷淋塔和二级氨水喷淋塔，所述熔炼装置与所述一级氨水喷淋塔连通，所述一级氨水喷淋塔与所述二级喷淋塔连通，所述一级氨水喷淋塔和所述二级氨水喷淋塔与所述尾气处理产物转化装置连通。
  13. 如权利要求8-10任意一项所述的一种工业尾气的处理系统，其特征在于，所述氨法气体净化装置内设置有双氧水。
  14. 一种工业尾气处理装置，包括氨法气体净化装置、内置有废旧铅膏的尾气处理产物转化装置、内置有生石灰或熟石灰的石膏生成装置，所述氨法气体净化装置与所述尾气处理产物转化装置连通，所述所述尾气处理产物转化装置的产物包括硫酸铅和碳酸铅的固体沉淀物和硫酸氨溶液，所述石膏生成装置用于接收所述硫酸氨溶液，所述石膏生成装置的产物包括硫酸钙固体沉淀物和氨水溶液，所述氨法气体净化装置用于接收所述氨水溶液，其特征在于，所述工业尾气处理装置设置在工业尾气排放的场合。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的一种工业尾气处理装置，其特征在于， 所述石膏生成装置的产物包括氨气，所述氨法气体净化装置用于接收所述氨气。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的一种工业尾气处理装置，其特征在于，所述氨法气体净化装置内设置有双氧水。
  17. 如权利要求14或15所述的一种工业尾气处理装置，其特征在于，所述石膏生成装置内吹有氧气。
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